1
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Zhong H, Lyu H, Wang Z, Tian J, Wu Z. Application of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria for the remediation of soil and water polluted with chlorinated organic compounds: Progress, mechanisms, and directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141505. [PMID: 38387660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic compounds are widely used as solvents, but they are pollutants that can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) such as Shewanella and Geobacter have been applied to treat a wide range of halogenated organic compounds due to their specific biological properties. Until now, there has been no systematic review on the mechanisms of direct or indirect degradation of halogenated organic compounds by DIRB. This work summarizes the discussion of DIRB's ability to enhance the dechlorination of reaction systems through different pathways, both biological and biochemical. For biological dechlorination, some DIRB have self-dechlorination capabilities that directly dechlorinate by hydrolysis. Adjustment of dechlorination genes through genetic engineering can improve the dechlorination capabilities of DIRB. DIRB can also adjust the capacity for the microbial community to dechlorinate and provide nutrients to enhance the expression of dechlorination genes in other bacteria. In biochemical dechlorination, DIRB bioconverts Fe(III) to Fe(II), which is capable of dichlorination. On this basis, the DIRB-driven Fenton reaction can efficiently degrade chlorinated organics by continuously maintaining anoxic conditions to generate Fe(II) and oxic conditions to generate H2O2. DIRB can drive microbial fuel cells due to their electroactivity and have a good dechlorination capacity at low levels of energy consumption. The contribution of DIRB to the removal of pesticides, antibiotics and POPs is summarized. Then the DIRB electron transfer mechanism is discussed, which is core to their ability to dechlorinate. Finally, the prospect of future work on the removal of chlorine-containing organic pollutants by DIRB is presented, and the main challenges and further research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Jingya Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhineng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
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2
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Gao Y, Zhou Y, Ji X, Graham AJ, Dundas CM, Miniel Mahfoud IE, Tibbett BM, Tan B, Partipilo G, Dodabalapur A, Rivnay J, Keitz BK. A hybrid transistor with transcriptionally controlled computation and plasticity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1598. [PMID: 38383505 PMCID: PMC10881478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are ideal devices for translating biological signals into electrical readouts and have applications in bioelectronics, biosensing, and neuromorphic computing. Despite their potential, developing programmable and modular methods for living systems to interface with OECTs has proven challenging. Here we describe hybrid OECTs containing the model electroactive bacterium Shewanella oneidensis that enable the transduction of biological computations to electrical responses. Specifically, we fabricated planar p-type OECTs and demonstrated that channel de-doping is driven by extracellular electron transfer (EET) from S. oneidensis. Leveraging this mechanistic understanding and our ability to control EET flux via transcriptional regulation, we used plasmid-based Boolean logic gates to translate biological computation into current changes within the OECT. Finally, we demonstrated EET-driven changes to OECT synaptic plasticity. This work enables fundamental EET studies and OECT-based biosensing and biocomputing systems with genetically controllable and modular design elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Austin J Graham
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Christopher M Dundas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ismar E Miniel Mahfoud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bailey M Tibbett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gina Partipilo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ananth Dodabalapur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin K Keitz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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3
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Fathima A, Ilankoon IMSK, Zhang Y, Chong MN. Scaling up of dual-chamber microbial electrochemical systems - An appraisal using systems design approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169186. [PMID: 38086487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Impetus to minimise the energy and carbon footprints of evolving wastewater resource recovery facilities has promoted the development of microbial electrochemical systems (MES) as an emerging energy-neutral and sustainable platform technology. Using separators in dual-chamber MES to isolate anodic and cathodic environments creates endless opportunities for its myriad applications. Nevertheless, the high internal resistance and the complex interdependencies among various system factors have challenged its scale-up. This critical review employed a systems approach to examine the complex interdependencies and practical issues surrounding the implementation and scalability of dual-chamber MES, where the anodic and cathodic reactions are mutually appraised to improve the overall system efficiency. The robustness and stability of anodic biofilms in large-volume MES is dependent on its inoculum source, antecedent history and enrichment strategies. The composition and anode-respiring activity of these biofilms are modulated by the anolyte composition, while their performance demands a delicate balance between the electrode size, macrostructure and the availability of substrates, buffers and nutrients when using real wastewater as anolyte. Additionally, the catholyte governed the reduction environment and associated energy consumption of MES with scalable electrocatalysts needed to enhance the sluggish reaction kinetics for energy-efficient resource recovery. A comprehensive assessment of the dual-chamber reactor configuration revealed that the tubular, spiral-wound, or plug-in modular MES configurations are suitable for pilot-scale, where it could be designed more effectively using efficient electrode macrostructure, suitable membranes and bespoke strategies for continuous operation to maximise their performance. It is anticipated that the critical and analytical understanding gained through this review will support the continuous development and scaling-up of dual-chamber MES for prospective energy-neutral treatment of wastewater and simultaneous circular management of highly relevant environmental resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Fathima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I M S K Ilankoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Meng Nan Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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4
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Tarasov SE, Plekhanova YV, Bykov AG, Kadison KV, Medvedeva AS, Reshetilov AN, Arlyapov VA. Novel Conductive Polymer Composite PEDOT:PSS/Bovine Serum Albumin for Microbial Bioelectrochemical Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:905. [PMID: 38339622 PMCID: PMC10857495 DOI: 10.3390/s24030905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel conductive composite based on PEDOT:PSS, BSA, and Nafion for effective immobilization of acetic acid bacteria on graphite electrodes as part of biosensors and microbial fuel cells has been proposed. It is shown that individual components in the composite do not have a significant negative effect on the catalytic activity of microorganisms during prolonged contact. The values of heterogeneous electron transport constants in the presence of two types of water-soluble mediators were calculated. The use of the composite as part of a microbial biosensor resulted in an electrode operating for more than 140 days. Additional modification of carbon electrodes with nanomaterial allowed to increase the sensitivity to glucose from 1.48 to 2.81 μA × mM-1 × cm-2 without affecting the affinity of bacterial enzyme complexes to the substrate. Cells in the presented composite, as part of a microbial fuel cell based on electrodes from thermally expanded graphite, retained the ability to generate electricity for more than 120 days using glucose solution as well as vegetable extract solutions as carbon sources. The obtained data expand the understanding of the composition of possible matrices for the immobilization of Gluconobacter bacteria and may be useful in the development of biosensors and biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei E. Tarasov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Yulia V. Plekhanova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Aleksandr G. Bykov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Konstantin V. Kadison
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia; (K.V.K.)
| | - Anastasia S. Medvedeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia; (K.V.K.)
| | - Anatoly N. Reshetilov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia; (K.V.K.)
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5
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Gao Y, Zhou Y, Ji X, Graham AJ, Dundas CM, Mahfoud IEM, Tibbett BM, Tan B, Partipilo G, Dodabalapur A, Rivnay J, Keitz BK. A Hybrid Transistor with Transcriptionally Controlled Computation and Plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553547. [PMID: 37645977 PMCID: PMC10462107 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are ideal devices for translating biological signals into electrical readouts and have applications in bioelectronics, biosensing, and neuromorphic computing. Despite their potential, developing programmable and modular methods for living systems to interface with OECTs has proven challenging. Here we describe hybrid OECTs containing the model electroactive bacterium Shewanella oneidensis that enable the transduction of biological computations to electrical responses. Specifically, we fabricated planar p-type OECTs and demonstrated that channel de-doping is driven by extracellular electron transfer (EET) from S. oneidensis. Leveraging this mechanistic understanding and our ability to control EET flux via transcriptional regulation, we used plasmid-based Boolean logic gates to translate biological computation into current changes within the OECT. Finally, we demonstrated EET-driven changes to OECT synaptic plasticity. This work enables fundamental EET studies and OECT-based biosensing and biocomputing systems with genetically controllable and modular design elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Austin J. Graham
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dundas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ismar E. Miniel Mahfoud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bailey M. Tibbett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gina Partipilo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ananth Dodabalapur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin K. Keitz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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6
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Klein EM, Knoll MT, Gescher J. Microbe-Anode Interactions: Comparing the impact of genetic and material engineering approaches to improve the performance of microbial electrochemical systems (MES). Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1179-1202. [PMID: 36808480 PMCID: PMC10221544 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) are a highly versatile platform technology with a particular focus on power or energy production. Often, they are used in combination with substrate conversion (e.g., wastewater treatment) and production of value-added compounds via electrode-assisted fermentation. This rapidly evolving field has seen great improvements both technically and biologically, but this interdisciplinarity sometimes hampers overseeing strategies to increase process efficiency. In this review, we first briefly summarize the terminology of the technology and outline the biological background that is essential for understanding and thus improving MES technology. Thereafter, recent research on improvements at the biofilm-electrode interface will be summarized and discussed, distinguishing between biotic and abiotic approaches. The two approaches are then compared, and resulting future directions are discussed. This mini-review therefore provides basic knowledge of MES technology and the underlying microbiology in general and reviews recent improvements at the bacteria-electrode interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina M. Klein
- Institute of Technical MicrobiologyUniversity of Technology HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Melanie T. Knoll
- Institute of Technical MicrobiologyUniversity of Technology HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute of Technical MicrobiologyUniversity of Technology HamburgHamburgGermany
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7
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Wang Z, Lin H, Zhang M, Yu W, Zhu C, Wang P, Huang Y, Lv F, Bai H, Wang S. Water-soluble conjugated polymers for bioelectronic systems. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1210-1233. [PMID: 36752220 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics is an interdisciplinary field of research that aims to establish a synergy between electronics and biology. Contributing to a deeper understanding of bioelectronic processes and the built bioelectronic systems, a variety of new phenomena, mechanisms and concepts have been derived in the field of biology, medicine, energy, artificial intelligence science, etc. Organic semiconductors can promote the applications of bioelectronics in improving original performance and creating new features for organisms due to their excellent photoelectric and electrical properties. Recently, water-soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) have been employed as a class of ideal interface materials to regulate bioelectronic processes between biological systems and electronic systems, relying on their satisfying ionic conductivity, water-solubility, good biocompatibility and the additional mechanical and electrical properties. In this review, we summarize the prominent contributions of WSCPs in the aspect of the regulation of bioelectronic processes and highlight the latest advances in WSCPs for bioelectronic applications, involving biosynthetic systems, photosynthetic systems, biophotovoltaic systems, and bioelectronic devices. The challenges and outlooks of WSCPs in designing high-performance bioelectronic systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Atkinson JT, Chavez MS, Niman CM, El-Naggar MY. Living electronics: A catalogue of engineered living electronic components. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:507-533. [PMID: 36519191 PMCID: PMC9948233 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology leverages a range of electrical phenomena to extract and store energy, control molecular reactions and enable multicellular communication. Microbes, in particular, have evolved genetically encoded machinery enabling them to utilize the abundant redox-active molecules and minerals available on Earth, which in turn drive global-scale biogeochemical cycles. Recently, the microbial machinery enabling these redox reactions have been leveraged for interfacing cells and biomolecules with electrical circuits for biotechnological applications. Synthetic biology is allowing for the use of these machinery as components of engineered living materials with tuneable electrical properties. Herein, we review the state of such living electronic components including wires, capacitors, transistors, diodes, optoelectronic components, spin filters, sensors, logic processors, bioactuators, information storage media and methods for assembling these components into living electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Atkinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marko S Chavez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina M Niman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Park SG, Rhee C, Jadhav DA, Eisa T, Al-Mayyahi RB, Shin SG, Abdelkareem MA, Chae KJ. Tailoring a highly conductive and super-hydrophilic electrode for biocatalytic performance of microbial electrolysis cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159105. [PMID: 36181811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical hydrogen production via microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) has attracted attention as the next generation of technology for the hydrogen economy. MECs work by electrochemically active bacteria reducing organic compounds at the anode. However, the hydrophobic nature of carbon-based anodes suppresses the release of the produced gas and water penetration, which significantly reduces the possibility of microbial attachment. Consequently, a limited surface area of the anode is used, which decreases hydrogen production efficiency. In this study, the bifunctional material poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was applied to the surface of a three-dimensional carbon felt anode to enhance the hydrogen production efficiency of an MEC owing to the high conductivity of PEDOT and super-hydrophilicity of PSS. In experiments, the PEDOT:PSS-modified anode almost doubled the hydrogen production efficiency of the MEC compared with the control anode owing to the increased capacitance current (239.3 %) and biofilm formation (220.7 %). The modified anode reduced the time required for the MEC to reach a steady state of hydrogen production by 14 days compared to the control anode. Microbial community profiles demonstrated that the modified anode had a greater abundance of electrochemically active bacteria than the control anode. This simple method could be widely applied to various bioelectrochemical systems (e.g., microbial fuel cells and solar cells) and to scaling up MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gwan Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Rhee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipak A Jadhav
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Tasnim Eisa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Riyam B Al-Mayyahi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Center of Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Knoll MT, Fuderer E, Gescher J. Sprayable biofilm – Agarose hydrogels as 3D matrix for enhanced productivity in bioelectrochemical systems. Biofilm 2022; 4:100077. [PMID: 35619831 PMCID: PMC9127277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based energy production utilizing renewable resources can be realized by exoelectrogenic organisms and their application in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). These organisms catalyze the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy and are already widely used in bioelectronics and biosensing. However, the biofilm-electrode interaction is a factor that limits sufficient space-time-yields for industrial applications. In this study, a hydrogel matrix consisting of agarose fibers was utilized as a scaffold for S. oneidensis cells to improve anodic processes in BES. This synthetic, scalable biofilm reached a higher current density in BES in comparison to naturally formed biofilms. Complemented with carbon nanofibers and riboflavin, the application of this functionalized hydrogel containing S. oneidensis cells led to an overall 9.1-fold increase in current density to 1324 mA m−2 in comparison to 145 mA m−2 for the planktonic control. In addition, the synthetic biofilm can be applied by spraying onto surfaces using a novel spray applicator. The latter allows to apply the biofilm effortless on large surfaces which will facilitate scalability and thus industrial application.
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11
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Quek G, Vázquez RJ, McCuskey SR, Kundukad B, Bazan GC. Enabling Electron Injection for Microbial Electrosynthesis with n-Type Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203480. [PMID: 35835449 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrosynthesis-using renewable electricity to stimulate microbial metabolism-holds the promise of sustainable chemical production. A key limitation hindering performance is slow electron-transfer rates at biotic-abiotic interfaces. Here a new n-type conjugated polyelectrolyte is rationally designed and synthesized and its use is demonstrated as a soft conductive material to encapsulate electroactive bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The self-assembled 3D living biocomposite amplifies current uptake from the electrode ≈674-fold over controls with the same initial number of cells, thereby enabling continuous synthesis of succinate from fumarate. Such functionality is a result of the increased number of bacterial cells having intimate electronic communication with the electrode and a higher current uptake per cell. This is underpinned by the molecular design of the polymer to have an n-dopable conjugated backbone for facile reduction by the electrode and zwitterionic side chains for compatibility with aqueous media. Moreover, direct arylation polycondensation is employed instead of the traditional Stille polymerization to avoid non-biocompatible tin by-products. By demonstrating synergy between living cells with n-type organic semiconductor materials, these results provide new strategies for improving the performance of bioelectrosynthesis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Quek
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Ricardo Javier Vázquez
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Samantha R McCuskey
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Binu Kundukad
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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12
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Gupta S, Datt R, Mishra A, Tsoi WC, Patra A, Bober P. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) in antibacterial, tissue engineering and biosensors applications: Progress, challenges and perspectives. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ram Datt
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea United Kingdom
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India
| | - Wing Chung Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea United Kingdom
| | - Asit Patra
- Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India
| | - Patrycja Bober
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czech Republic
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13
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Choi S. Electrogenic Bacteria Promise New Opportunities for Powering, Sensing, and Synthesizing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107902. [PMID: 35119203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research efforts into the promises of electrogenic bacteria and the commercial opportunities they present are attempting to identify potential feasible applications. Metabolic electrons from the bacteria enable electricity generation sufficient to power portable or small-scale applications, while the quantifiable electric signal in a miniaturized device platform can be sensitive enough to monitor and respond to changes in environmental conditions. Nanomaterials produced by the electrogenic bacteria can offer an innovative bottom-up biosynthetic approach to synergize bacterial electron transfer and create an effective coupling at the cell-electrode interface. Furthermore, electrogenic bacteria can revolutionize the field of bioelectronics by effectively interfacing electronics with microbes through extracellular electron transfer. Here, these new directions for the electrogenic bacteria and their recent integration with micro- and nanosystems are comprehensively discussed with specific attention toward distinct applications in the field of powering, sensing, and synthesizing. Furthermore, challenges of individual applications and strategies toward potential solutions are provided to offer valuable guidelines for practical implementation. Finally, the perspective and view on how the use of electrogenic bacteria can hold immeasurable promise for the development of future electronics and their applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokheun Choi
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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14
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Tseng CP, Liu F, Zhang X, Huang PC, Campbell I, Li Y, Atkinson JT, Terlier T, Ajo-Franklin CM, Silberg JJ, Verduzco R. Solution-Deposited and Patternable Conductive Polymer Thin-Film Electrodes for Microbial Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109442. [PMID: 35088918 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial bioelectronic devices integrate naturally occurring or synthetically engineered electroactive microbes with microelectronics. These devices have a broad range of potential applications, but engineering the biotic-abiotic interface for biocompatibility, adhesion, electron transfer, and maximum surface area remains a challenge. Prior approaches to interface modification lack simple processability, the ability to pattern the materials, and/or a significant enhancement in currents. Here, a novel conductive polymer coating that significantly enhances current densities relative to unmodified electrodes in microbial bioelectronics is reported. The coating is based on a blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) crosslinked with poly(2-hydroxyethylacrylate) (PHEA) along with a thin polydopamine (PDA) layer for adhesion to an underlying indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. When used as an interface layer with the current-producing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, this material produces a 178-fold increase in the current density compared to unmodified electrodes, a current gain that is higher than previously reported thin-film 2D coatings and 3D conductive polymer coatings. The chemistry, morphology, and electronic properties of the coatings are characterized and the implementation of these coated electrodes for use in microbial fuel cells, multiplexed bioelectronic devices, and organic electrochemical transistor based microbial sensors are demonstrated. It is envisioned that this simple coating will advance the development of microbial bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ping Tseng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Fangxin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Joshua T Atkinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Laboratory, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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15
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Vázquez RJ, McCuskey SR, Quek G, Su Y, Llanes L, Hinks J, Bazan GC. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/Bacteria Living Composites in Carbon Paper for Biocurrent Generation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100840. [PMID: 35075724 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Successful practical implementation of bioelectrochemical systems requires developing affordable electrode structures that promote efficient electrical communication with microbes. Recent efforts have centered on immobilizing bacteria with organic semiconducting polymers on electrodes via electrochemical methods. This approach creates a fixed biocomposite that takes advantage of the increased electrode's electroactive surface area (EASA). Here, we demonstrate that a biocomposite comprising the water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE-K and electrogenic Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can self-assemble with carbon paper electrodes, thereby increasing its biocurrent extraction by ∼ 6-fold over control biofilms. A ∼ 1.5-fold increment in biocurrent extraction was obtained for the biocomposite on carbon paper relative to the biocurrent extracted from gold-coated counterparts. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the biocomposite stabilized with the carbon paper more quickly than atop flat gold electrodes. Cross-sectional images show that the biocomposite infiltrates inhomogeneously into the porous carbon structure. Despite an incomplete penetration, the biocomposite can take advantage of the large EASA of the electrode via long-range electron transport. These results show that previous success on gold electrode platforms can be improved when using more commercially viable and easily manipulated electrode materials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Javier Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Glenn Quek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Yude Su
- Suzhou Institute of Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Luana Llanes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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16
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Sheng T, Guan X, Liu C, Su Y. De Novo Approach to Encapsulating Biocatalysts into Synthetic Matrixes: From Enzymes to Microbial Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52234-52249. [PMID: 34352175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts hold great promise in chemical and electrochemical reactions. However, biocatalysts are prone to inhospitable physiochemical conditions. Encapsulating biocatalysts into a synthetic host matrix can improve their stability and activity, and broaden their operational conditions. In this Review, we summarize the emerging de novo approaches to encapsulating biocatalysts into synthetic matrixes. Here, de novo means that embedding of biocatalysts and construction of matrixes take place simultaneously. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the de novo approach. On the basis of the nature of the biocatalysts and the synthetic frameworks, we specifically focus on two aspects: (1) encapsulation of enzymes (in vitro) in metal-organic frameworks and (2) encapsulation of microbial electrocatalysts (in vivo) on the electrode. For both cases, we discuss how the encapsulation improves biocatalysts' performance (stability, viability, activity, and etc.). We also highlight the benefit of encapsulation in facilitating the transport of charge carriers in microbial electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Sheng
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xun Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yude Su
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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17
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Babeli I, Puiggalí-Jou A, Roa JJ, Ginebra MP, García-Torres J, Alemán C. Hybrid conducting alginate-based hydrogel for hydrogen peroxide detection from enzymatic oxidation of lactate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1237-1248. [PMID: 34742851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A conducting nanocomposite hydrogel is developed for the detection of L-lactate. The hydrogel is based on a mixture of alginate (Alg) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which is loaded with gold nanoparticles (GNP). In this novel hydrogel, Alg provides 3D structural support and flexibility, PEDOT confers conductivity and sensing capacity, and GNP provides signal amplification with respect to simple voltammetric and chronoamperometric response. The synergistic combination of the properties provided by each component results in a new flexible nanocomposite with outstanding capacity to detect hydrogen peroxide, which has been used to detect the oxidation of L-lactate. The hydrogel detects hydrogen peroxide with linear response and limits of detection of 0.91 μM and 0.02 μM by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, respectively. The hydrogel is functionalized with lactate oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate, forming hydrogen peroxide. For L-lactate detection, the functionalized biosensor works in two linear regimes, one for concentrations lower than 5 mM with a limit of detection of 0.4 mM, and the other for concentrations up to 100 mM with a limit of detection of 3.5 mM. Because of its linear range interval, the developed biosensor could be suitable for a wide number of biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Babeli
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Edueard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Edueard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Josep Roa
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Research in Structural Integrity, Reliability and Micromechanics of Materials, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08030 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose García-Torres
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Edueard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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McCuskey SR, Chatsirisupachai J, Zeglio E, Parlak O, Panoy P, Herland A, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Current Progress of Interfacing Organic Semiconducting Materials with Bacteria. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4791-4825. [PMID: 34714064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioelectronics require interfacing microorganisms with electrodes. The resulting abiotic/biotic platforms provide the basis of a range of technologies, including energy conversion and diagnostic assays. Organic semiconductors (OSCs) provide a unique strategy to modulate the interfaces between microbial systems and external electrodes, thereby improving the performance of these incipient technologies. In this review, we explore recent progress in the field on how OSCs, and related materials capable of charge transport, are being used within the context of microbial systems, and more specifically bacteria. We begin by examining the electrochemical communication modes in bacteria and the biological basis for charge transport. Different types of synthetic organic materials that have been designed and synthesized for interfacing and interrogating bacteria are discussed next, followed by the most commonly used characterization techniques for evaluating transport in microbial, synthetic, and hybrid systems. A range of applications is subsequently examined, including biological sensors and energy conversion systems. The review concludes by summarizing what has been accomplished so far and suggests future design approaches for OSC bioelectronics materials and technologies that hybridize characteristic properties of microbial and OSC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Jirat Chatsirisupachai
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Erica Zeglio
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Onur Parlak
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine(Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patchareepond Panoy
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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19
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Kim D, Franco-Gonzalez JF, Zozoulenko I. How Long are Polymer Chains in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Tosylate Films? An Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10324-10334. [PMID: 34473507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most important conductive polymers utilized in a variety of applications in organic electronics and bioelectronics and energy storage. PEDOT chains are believed to be rather short, but detailed knowledge of their length is missing because of the challenges in its experimental determination due to insolubility of PEDOT films. Here, we report a molecular dynamics (MD) study of in situ oxidative chemical polymerization and simultaneous crystallization of molecularly doped PEDOT focusing on the determination of its chain lengths at different polymerization temperatures. We find the average chain length to be 6, 7, and 11 monomers for 298, 323 and 373 K, respectively. At the same time, the length distribution is rather broad, for example, between 2 and 16 monomer units for T = 323 K. We demonstrate that the limiting factor determining the chain length is the diffusivity of the reactants (PEDOT monomers and oligomers). We also study the polymer film formation during solvent evaporation, and we find that although crystallization starts and proceeds already during the polymerization and doping phases, it mostly occurs during the evaporation phase. Finally, we believe that our results providing the oligomer chain length and polymerization and crystallization mechanisms obtained by means of MD "computational microscopy" provide an important insight into the morphology of PEDOT that cannot be obtained by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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20
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Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as a bacterial platform for electro-biotechnology. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:355-364. [PMID: 33769488 PMCID: PMC8314016 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Shewanella comprises over 70 species of heterotrophic bacteria with versatile respiratory capacities. Some of these bacteria are known to be pathogens of fishes and animals, while many are non-pathogens considered to play important roles in the global carbon cycle. A representative strain is Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 that has been intensively studied for its ability to respire diverse electron acceptors, such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfur compounds, metals, and organics. In addition, studies have been focused on its ability as an electrochemically active bacterium that is capable of discharging electrons to and receiving electrons from electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for balancing intracellular redox states. This ability is expected to be applied to electro-fermentation (EF) for producing value-added chemicals that conventional fermentation technologies are difficult to produce efficiently. Researchers are also attempting to utilize its electrochemical ability for controlling gene expression, for which electro-genetics (EG) has been coined. Here we review fundamental knowledge on this bacterium and discuss future directions of studies on its applications to electro-biotechnology (EB).
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21
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Nath D, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. High throughput techniques for the rapid identification of electroactive microorganisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131489. [PMID: 34265713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms (EAM), capable of executing extracellular electron transfer (EET) in/out of a cell, are employed in microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) and bioelectronics for harnessing electricity from wastewater, bioremediation and as biosensors. Thus, investigation on EAM is becoming a topic of interest for multidisciplinary areas, such as environmental science, energy and health sectors. Though, EAM are widespread in three domains of life, nevertheless, only a few hundred EAM have been identified so far and hence, the rapid identification of EAM is imperative. In this review, the techniques that are developed for the direct identification of EAM, such as azo dye and WO3 based techniques, dielectrophoresis, potentiostatic/galvanometric techniques, and other indirect methods, such as spectroscopy and molecular biology techniques, are highlighted with a special focus on time required for the detection of these EAM. The bottlenecks for identifying EAM and the knowledge gaps based on the present investigations are also discussed. Thus, this review is intended to encourage researchers for devolving high-throughput techniques for identifying EAM with more accuracy, while consuming less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyojyoty Nath
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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22
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Wai Chun CN, Tajarudin HA, Ismail N, Azahari B, Mohd Zaini Makhtar M. Elucidation of Mechanical, Physical, Chemical and Thermal Properties of Microbial Composite Films by Integrating Sodium Alginate with Bacillus subtilis sp. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132103. [PMID: 34206741 PMCID: PMC8271853 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials are the foundation in human development for improving human standards of life. This research aimed to develop microbial composite films by integrating sodium alginate with Bacillus subtilis. Sodium alginate film was fabricated as control. The microbial composite films were fabricated by integrating 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 g of Bacillus subtilis into the sodium alginate. Evaluations were performed on the mechanical, physical, chemical and thermal properties of the films. It was found that films reinforced with Bacillus subtilis significantly improved all the mentioned properties. Results show that 0.5 g microbial composite films had the highest tensile strength, breaking strain and toughness, which were 0.858 MPa, 87.406% and 0.045 MJ/m3, respectively. The thickness of the film was 1.057 mm. White light opacity, black light opacity and brightness values were 13.65%, 40.55% and 8.19%, respectively. It also had the highest conductivity, which was 37 mV, while its water absorption ability was 300.93%. Furthermore, it had a higher melting point of 218.94 °C and higher decomposition temperature of 252.69 °C. SEM also showed that it had filled cross-sectional structure and smoother surface compared to the sodium alginate film. Additionally, FTIR showed that 0.5 g microbial composite films possessed more functional groups at 800 and 662 cm−1 wavenumbers that referred to C–C, C–OH, C–H ring and side group vibrations and C–OH out-of-plane bending, respectively, which contributed to the stronger bonds in the microbial composite film. Initial conclusions depict the potential of Bacillus subtilis to be used as reinforcing material in the development of microbial composite films, which also have the prospect to be used in electronic applications. This is due to the conductivity of the films increasing as Bacillus subtilis cell mass increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ng Wai Chun
- School of Industrial Technology, Bioprocess Technology Division, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (C.N.W.C.); (M.M.Z.M.)
| | - Husnul Azan Tajarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Bioprocess Technology Division, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (C.N.W.C.); (M.M.Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.T.); (N.I.)
| | - Norli Ismail
- School of Industrial Technology, Environmental Division, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (H.A.T.); (N.I.)
| | - Baharin Azahari
- School of Industrial Technology, Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Division, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang11800, Malaysia;
| | - Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
- School of Industrial Technology, Bioprocess Technology Division, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (C.N.W.C.); (M.M.Z.M.)
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Engineering High-Yield Biopolymer Secretion Creates an Extracellular Protein Matrix for Living Materials. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e00903-20. [PMID: 33758029 PMCID: PMC8546985 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00903-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial extracellular matrix forms autonomously, giving rise to complex material properties and multicellular behaviors. Synthetic matrix analogues can replicate these functions but require exogenously added material or have limited programmability. Here, we design a two-strain bacterial system that self-synthesizes and structures a synthetic extracellular matrix of proteins. We engineered Caulobacter crescentus to secrete an extracellular matrix protein composed of an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogel fused to supercharged SpyCatcher [SC(-)]. This biopolymer was secreted at levels of 60 mg/liter, an unprecedented level of biomaterial secretion by a native type I secretion apparatus. The ELP domain was swapped with either a cross-linkable variant of ELP or a resilin-like polypeptide, demonstrating this system is flexible. The SC(-)-ELP matrix protein bound specifically and covalently to the cell surface of a C. crescentus strain that displays a high-density array of SpyTag (ST) peptides via its engineered surface layer. Our work develops protein design guidelines for type I secretion in C. crescentus and demonstrates the autonomous secretion and assembly of programmable extracellular protein matrices, offering a path forward toward the formation of cohesive engineered living materials.IMPORTANCE Engineered living materials (ELM) aim to mimic characteristics of natural occurring systems, bringing the benefits of self-healing, synthesis, autonomous assembly, and responsiveness to traditional materials. Previous research has shown the potential of replicating the bacterial extracellular matrix (ECM) to mimic biofilms. However, these efforts require energy-intensive processing or have limited tunability. We propose a bacterially synthesized system that manipulates the protein content of the ECM, allowing for programmable interactions and autonomous material formation. To achieve this, we engineered a two-strain system to secrete a synthetic extracellular protein matrix (sEPM). This work is a step toward understanding the necessary parameters to engineering living cells to autonomously construct ELMs.
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Diacci C, Abedi T, Lee JW, Gabrielsson EO, Berggren M, Simon DT, Niittylä T, Stavrinidou E. Diurnal in vivo xylem sap glucose and sucrose monitoring using implantable organic electrochemical transistor sensors. iScience 2021; 24:101966. [PMID: 33474535 PMCID: PMC7803653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices that convert biochemical signals to electronic readout enable biosensing with high spatiotemporal resolution. These technologies have been primarily applied in biomedicine while in plants sensing is mainly based on invasive methods that require tissue sampling, hindering in-vivo detection and having poor spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed enzymatic biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for in-vivo and real-time monitoring of sugar fluctuations in the vascular tissue of trees. The glucose and sucrose OECT-biosensors were implanted into the vascular tissue of trees and were operated through a low-cost portable unit for 48hr. Our work consists a proof-of-concept study where implantable OECT-biosensors not only allow real-time monitoring of metabolites in plants but also reveal new insights into diurnal sugar homeostasis. We anticipate that this work will contribute to establishing bioelectronic technologies as powerful minimally invasive tools in plant science, agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tayebeh Abedi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Jee Woong Lee
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Erik O. Gabrielsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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25
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Adewole DO, Struzyna LA, Burrell JC, Harris JP, Nemes AD, Petrov D, Kraft RH, Chen HI, Serruya MD, Wolf JA, Cullen DK. Development of optically controlled "living electrodes" with long-projecting axon tracts for a synaptic brain-machine interface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eaay5347. [PMID: 33523957 PMCID: PMC10670819 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For implantable neural interfaces, functional/clinical outcomes are challenged by limitations in specificity and stability of inorganic microelectrodes. A biological intermediary between microelectrical devices and the brain may improve specificity and longevity through (i) natural synaptic integration with deep neural circuitry, (ii) accessibility on the brain surface, and (iii) optogenetic manipulation for targeted, light-based readout/control. Accordingly, we have developed implantable "living electrodes," living cortical neurons, and axonal tracts protected within soft hydrogel cylinders, for optobiological monitoring/modulation of brain activity. Here, we demonstrate fabrication, rapid axonal outgrowth, reproducible cytoarchitecture, and simultaneous optical stimulation and recording of these tissue engineered constructs in vitro. We also present their transplantation, survival, integration, and optical recording in rat cortex as an in vivo proof of concept for this neural interface paradigm. The creation and characterization of these functional, optically controllable living electrodes are critical steps in developing a new class of optobiological tools for neural interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayo O Adewole
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Struzyna
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin C Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James P Harris
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashley D Nemes
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dmitriy Petrov
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben H Kraft
- Computational Biomechanics Group, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mijail D Serruya
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Neurodelphus LLC, 3401 Grays Ferry Ave., Unit 6176, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Nuromo LLC, 405 Meadow Lane, Merion Station, PA 19066, USA
| | - John A Wolf
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Tseng CP, Silberg JJ, Bennett GN, Verduzco R. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Soft Materials for Microbial Bioelectronics. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1590-1603. [PMID: 35617074 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronics brings together the fields of biology and microelectronics to create multifunctional devices with the potential to address longstanding technological challenges and change our way of life. Microbial electrochemical devices are a growing subset of bioelectronic devices that incorporate naturally occurring or synthetically engineered microbes into electronic devices and have broad applications including energy harvesting, chemical production, water remediation, and environmental and health monitoring. The goal of this Viewpoint is to highlight recent advances and ongoing challenges in the rapidly developing field of microbial bioelectronic devices, with an emphasis on materials challenges. We provide an overview of microbial bioelectronic devices, discuss the biotic-abiotic interface in these devices, and then present recent advances and ongoing challenges in materials related to electron transfer across the abiotic-biotic interface, microbial adhesion, redox signaling, electronic amplification, and device miniaturization. We conclude with a summary and perspective of the field of microbial bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ping Tseng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - George N. Bennett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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27
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Salar-Garcia M, Montilla F, Quijada C, Morallon E, Ieropoulos I. Improving the power performance of urine-fed microbial fuel cells using PEDOT-PSS modified anodes. APPLIED ENERGY 2020; 278:115528. [PMID: 33311834 PMCID: PMC7722509 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The need for improving the energy harvesting from Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) has boosted the design of new materials in order to increase the power performance of this technology and facilitate its practical application. According to this approach, in this work different poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) modified electrodes have been synthesised and evaluated as anodes in urine-fed MFCs. The electrochemical synthesis of PEDOT-PSS was performed by potentiostatic step experiments from aqueous solution at a fixed potential of 1.80 V (vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode) for different times: 30, 60, 120 and 240 s. Compared with other methods, this technique allowed us not only to reduce the processing time of the electrodes but also better control of the chemical composition of the deposited polymer and therefore, obtain more efficient polymer films. All modified anodes outperformed the maximum power output by MFCs working with the bare carbon veil electrode but the maximum value was observed when MFCs were working with the PEDOT-PSS based anode obtained after 30 s of electropolymerisation (535.1 µW). This value was 24.3% higher than using the bare carbon veil electrode. Moreover, the functionality of the PEDOT-PSS anodes was reported over 90 days working in continuous mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Salar-Garcia
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, BS16 1QY Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - F. Montilla
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Crtra. San Vicente s/n 03690, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - C. Quijada
- Departamento de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera, Universitat Politècnica de València, Pza Ferrandiz y Carbonell, E-03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain
| | - E. Morallon
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Crtra. San Vicente s/n 03690, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - I. Ieropoulos
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, BS16 1QY Bristol, United Kingdom
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28
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Del Olmo R, Casado N, Olmedo-Martínez JL, Wang X, Forsyth M. Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors Based on PEDOT:PolyDADMA and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1981. [PMID: 32878189 PMCID: PMC7563752 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed ionic-electronic conductors, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are postulated to be the next generation materials in energy storage and electronic devices. Although many studies have aimed to enhance the electronic conductivity and mechanical properties of these materials, there has been little focus on ionic conductivity. In this work, blends based on PEDOT stabilized by the polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PolyDADMA X) are reported, where the X anion is either chloride (Cl), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI), triflate (CF3SO3) or tosylate (Tos). Electronic conductivity values of 0.6 S cm-1 were achieved in films of PEDOT:PolyDADMA FSI (without any post-treatment), with an ionic conductivity of 5 × 10-6 S cm-1 at 70 °C. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) based on the cation N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (C2mpyr+) with similar anions were added to synergistically enhance both electronic and ionic conductivities. PEDOT:PolyDADMA X / [C2mpyr][X] composites (80/20 wt%) resulted in higher ionic conductivity values (e.g., 2 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 70 °C for PEDOT:PolyDADMA FSI/[C2mpyr][FSI]) and improved electrochemical performance versus the neat PEDOT:PolyDADMA X with no OIPC. Herein, new materials are presented and discussed including new PEDOT:PolyDADMA and organic ionic plastic crystal blends highlighting their promising properties for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Del Olmo
- Joxe Mari Korta Center, POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (R.D.O.); (J.L.O.-M.)
| | - Nerea Casado
- Joxe Mari Korta Center, POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (R.D.O.); (J.L.O.-M.)
| | - Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez
- Joxe Mari Korta Center, POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (R.D.O.); (J.L.O.-M.)
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia;
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Joxe Mari Korta Center, POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (R.D.O.); (J.L.O.-M.)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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29
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Kaneko M, Ishihara K, Nakanishi S. Redox-Active Polymers Connecting Living Microbial Cells to an Extracellular Electrical Circuit. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001849. [PMID: 32734709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical systems in which metabolic electrons in living microbes have been extracted to or injected from an extracellular electrical circuit have attracted considerable attention as environmentally-friendly energy conversion systems. Since general microbes cannot exchange electrons with extracellular solids, electron mediators are needed to connect living cells to an extracellular electrode. Although hydrophobic small molecules that can penetrate cell membranes are commonly used as electron mediators, they cannot be dissolved at high concentrations in aqueous media. The use of hydrophobic mediators in combination with small hydrophilic redox molecules can substantially increase the efficiency of the extracellular electron transfer process, but this method has side effects, in some cases, such as cytotoxicity and environmental pollution. In this Review, recently-developed redox-active polymers are highlighted as a new type of electron mediator that has less cytotoxicity than many conventional electron mediators. Owing to the design flexibility of polymer structures, important parameters that affect electron transport properties, such as redox potential, the balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, and electron conductivity, can be systematically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneko
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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30
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Méhes G, Roy A, Strakosas X, Berggren M, Stavrinidou E, Simon DT. Organic Microbial Electrochemical Transistor Monitoring Extracellular Electron Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000641. [PMID: 32775155 PMCID: PMC7404149 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) denotes the process of microbial respiration with electron transfer to extracellular acceptors and has been exploited in a range of microbial electrochemical systems (MESs). To further understand EET and to optimize the performance of MESs, a better understanding of the dynamics at the microscale is needed. However, the real-time monitoring of EET at high spatiotemporal resolution would require sophisticated signal amplification. To amplify local EET signals, a miniaturized bioelectronic device, the so-called organic microbial electrochemical transistor (OMECT), is developed, which includes Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 integrated onto organic electrochemical transistors comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Bacteria are attached to the gate of the transistor by a chronoamperometric method and the successful attachment is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Monitoring EET with the OMECT configuration is achieved due to the inherent amplification of the transistor, revealing fast time-responses to lactate. The limits of detection when using microfabricated gates as charge collectors are also investigated. The work is a first step toward understanding and monitoring EET in highly confined spaces via microfabricated organic electronic devices, and it can be of importance to study exoelectrogens in microenvironments, such as those of the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Méhes
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Arghyamalya Roy
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
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31
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Su L, Fukushima T, Ajo-Franklin CM. A hybrid cyt c maturation system enhances the bioelectrical performance of engineered Escherichia coli by improving the rate-limiting step. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112312. [PMID: 32729471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices can use electron flux to enable communication between biotic components and abiotic electrodes. We have modified Escherichia coli to electrically interact with electrodes by expressing the cytochrome c from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. However, we observe inefficient electrical performance, which we hypothesize is due to the limited compatibility of the E. coli cytochrome c maturation (Ccm) systems with MR-1 cytochrome c. Here we test whether the bioelectronic performance of E. coli can be improved by constructing hybrid Ccm systems containing protein domains from both E. coli and S. oneidensis MR-1. The hybrid CcmH increased cytochrome c expression by increasing the abundance of CymA 60%, while only slightly changing the abundance of the other cytochromes c. Electrochemical measurements showed that the overall current from the hybrid ccm strain increased 121% relative to the wildtype ccm strain, with an electron flux per cell of 12.3 ± 0.3 fA·cell-1. Additionally, the hybrid ccm strain doubled its electrical response with the addition of exogenous flavin, and quantitative analysis of this demonstrates CymA is the rate-limiting step in this electron conduit. These results demonstrate that this hybrid Ccm system can enhance the bioelectrical performance of the cyt c expressing E. coli, allowing the construction of more efficient bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tatsuya Fukushima
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Caroline M Ajo-Franklin
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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McCuskey SR, Su Y, Leifert D, Moreland AS, Bazan GC. Living Bioelectrochemical Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908178. [PMID: 32347632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composites, in which two or more material elements are combined to provide properties unattainable by single components, have a historical record dating to ancient times. Few include a living microbial community as a key design element. A logical basis for enabling bioelectronic composites stems from the phenomenon that certain microorganisms transfer electrons to external surfaces, such as an electrode. A bioelectronic composite that allows cells to be addressed beyond the confines of an electrode surface can impact bioelectrochemical technologies, including microbial fuel cells for power production and bioelectrosynthesis platforms where microbes produce desired chemicals. It is shown that the conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE-K functions as a conductive matrix to electronically connect a three-dimensional network of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to a gold electrode, thereby increasing biocurrent ≈150-fold over control biofilms. These biocomposites spontaneously assemble from solution into an intricate arrangement of cells within a conductive polymer matrix. While increased biocurrent is due to more cells in communication with the electrode, the current extracted per cell is also enhanced, indicating efficient long-range electron transport. Further, the biocomposites show almost an order-of-magnitude lower charge transfer resistance than CPE-K alone, supporting the idea that the electroactive bacteria and the conjugated polyelectrolyte work synergistically toward an effective bioelectronic composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Yude Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Dirk Leifert
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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Silva AV, Edel M, Gescher J, Paquete CM. Exploring the Effects of bolA in Biofilm Formation and Current Generation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:815. [PMID: 32457717 PMCID: PMC7225295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) have emerged in recent years as a promising alternative green source of energy, with microbes consuming organic matter to produce energy or valuable byproducts. It is the ability of performing extracellular electron transfer that allows these microbes to exchange electrons with an electrode in these systems. The low levels of current achieved have been the limiting factor for the large-scale application of METs. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is one of the most studied electroactive organisms regarding extracellular electron transfer, and it has been shown that biofilm formation is a key factor for current generation. The transcription factor bolA has been identified as a central player in biofilm formation in other organisms, with its overexpression leading to increased biofilm. In this work we explore the effect of this gene in biofilm formation and current production by S. oneidensis MR-1. Our results demonstrate that an increased biofilm formation and consequent current generation was achieved by the overexpression of this gene. This information is crucial to optimize electroactive organisms toward their practical application in METs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miriam Edel
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catarina M Paquete
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Hu Y, Rehnlund D, Klein E, Gescher J, Niemeyer CM. Cultivation of Exoelectrogenic Bacteria in Conductive DNA Nanocomposite Hydrogels Yields a Programmable Biohybrid Materials System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14806-14813. [PMID: 32191028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of living microorganisms integrated within electrochemical devices is an expanding field of research, with applications in microbial fuel cells, microbial biosensors or bioreactors. We describe the use of porous nanocomposite materials prepared by DNA polymerization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) for the construction of a programmable biohybrid system containing the exoelectrogenic bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. We initially demonstrate the electrical conductivity of the CNT-containing DNA composite by employment of chronopotentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Cultivation of Shewanella oneidensis in the conductive materials shows that the exoelectrogenic bacteria populate the matrix of the conductive composite, while nonexoelectrogenic Escherichia coli remain on its surface. Moreover, the ability to use extracellular electron transfer pathways is positively correlated with the number of cells within the conductive synthetic biofilm matrix. The Shewanella-containing composite remains stable for several days and shows electrochemical activity, indicating that the conductive backbone is capable of extracting the metabolic electrons produced by the bacteria under strictly anoxic conditions and conducting them to the anode. Programmability of this biohybrid material system is demonstrated by on-demand release and degradation induced by a short-term enzymatic stimulus. We believe that the application possibilities of such biohybrid materials could even go beyond microbial biosensors, bioreactors, and fuel cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Rehnlund
- Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edina Klein
- Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Tseghai GB, Mengistie DA, Malengier B, Fante KA, Van Langenhove L. PEDOT:PSS-Based Conductive Textiles and Their Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1881. [PMID: 32231114 PMCID: PMC7180874 DOI: 10.3390/s20071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The conductive polymer complex poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most explored conductive polymer for conductive textiles applications. Since PEDOT:PSS is readily available in water dispersion form, it is convenient for roll-to-roll processing which is compatible with the current textile processing applications. In this work, we have made a comprehensive review on the PEDOT:PSS-based conductive textiles, methods of application onto textiles and their applications. The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude using processing agents. However, neat PEDOT:PSS lacks flexibility and strechability for wearable electronics applications. One way to improve the mechanical flexibility of conductive polymers is making a composite with commodity polymers such as polyurethane which have high flexibility and stretchability. The conductive polymer composites also increase attachment of the conductive polymer to the textile, thereby increasing durability to washing and mechanical actions. Pure PEDOT:PSS conductive fibers have been produced by solution spinning or electrospinning methods. Application of PEDOT:PSS can be carried out by polymerization of the monomer on the fabric, coating/dyeing and printing methods. PEDOT:PSS-based conductive textiles have been used for the development of sensors, actuators, antenna, interconnections, energy harvesting, and storage devices. In this review, the application methods of PEDOT:SS-based conductive polymers in/on to a textile substrate structure and their application thereof are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granch Berhe Tseghai
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, 6000 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Alemu Mengistie
- Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, 6000 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Materials Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Benny Malengier
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Lieva Van Langenhove
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Development of a Flex and Stretchy Conductive Cotton Fabric Via Flat Screen Printing of PEDOT:PSS/PDMS Conductive Polymer Composite. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061742. [PMID: 32245034 PMCID: PMC7147465 DOI: 10.3390/s20061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have successfully produced a conductive and stretchable knitted cotton fabric by screen printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide)(PDMS-b-PEO) conductive polymer composite. It was observed that the mechanical and electrical properties highly depend on the proportion of the polymers, which opens a new window to produce PEDOT:PSS-based conductive fabric with distinctive properties for different application areas. The bending length analysis proved that the flexural rigidity was lower with higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio while tensile strength was increased. The SEM test showed that the smoothness of the fabric was better when PDMS-b-PEO is added compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Fabrics with electrical resistance from 24.8 to 90.8 kΩ/sq have been obtained by varying the PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. Moreover, the resistance increased with extension and washing. However, the change in surface resistance drops linearly at higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. The conductive fabrics were used to construct textile-based strain, moisture and biopotential sensors depending upon their respective surface resistance.
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Romero FJ, Rivadeneyra A, Becherer M, Morales DP, Rodríguez N. Fabrication and Characterization of Humidity Sensors Based on Graphene Oxide-PEDOT:PSS Composites on a Flexible Substrate. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E148. [PMID: 32013153 PMCID: PMC7074611 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a simple, fast, and cost-effective method for the large-scale fabrication of high-sensitivity humidity sensors on flexible substrates. These sensors consist of a micro screen-printed capacitive structure upon which a sensitive layer is deposited. We studied two different structures and three different sensing materials by modifying the concentration of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in a graphene oxide (GO) solution. The results show that the aggregation of the PEDOT:PSS to the GO can modify its electrical properties, boosting the performance of the capacitive sensors in terms of both resistive losses and sensitivity to relative humidity (RH) changes. Thus, in an area less than 30 mm2, the GO/PEDOT:PSS-based sensors can achieve a sensitivity much higher (1.22 nF/%RH at 1 kHz) than other similar sensors presented in the literature which, together with their good thermal stability, time response, and performance over bending, demonstrates that the manufacturing approach described in this work paves the way for the mass production of flexible humidity sensors in an inexpensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Romero
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Almudena Rivadeneyra
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Markus Becherer
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany;
| | - Diego P. Morales
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Biochemistry and Electronics as Sensing Technologies Group, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Noel Rodríguez
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Su L, Fukushima T, Prior A, Baruch M, Zajdel TJ, Ajo-Franklin CM. Modifying Cytochrome c Maturation Can Increase the Bioelectronic Performance of Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:115-124. [PMID: 31880923 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic circuits that encode extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways allow the intracellular state of Escherichia coli to be electronically monitored and controlled. However, relatively low electron flux flows through these pathways, limiting the degree of control by these circuits. Since the EET pathway is composed of multiple multiheme cytochromes c (cyts c) from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, we hypothesized that lower expression levels of cyt c may explain this low EET flux and may be caused by the differences in the cyt c maturation (ccm) machinery between these two species. Here, we constructed random mutations within ccmH by error-prone PCR and screened for increased cyt c production. We identified two ccmH mutants, ccmH-132 and ccmH-195, that exhibited increased heterologous cyt c expression, but had different effects on EET. The ccmH-132 strain reduced WO3 nanoparticles faster than the parental control, whereas the ccmH-195 strain reduced more slowly. The same trend is reflected in electrical current generation: ccmH-132, which has only a single mutation from WT, drastically increased current production by 77%. The percentage of different cyt c proteins in these two mutants suggests that the stoichiometry of the S. oneidensis cyts c is a key determinant of current production by Mtr-expressing E. coli. Thus, we conclude that modulating cyt c maturation effectively improves genetic circuits governing EET in engineered biological systems, enabling better bioelectronic control of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tatsuya Fukushima
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Prior
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Moshe Baruch
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tom J. Zajdel
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Synthetic Biology Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Suravaram SK, Smith DK, Parkin A, Chechik V. Conductive Gels Based on Modified Agarose Embedded with Gold Nanoparticles and their Application as a Conducting Support for
Shewanella Oneidensis
MR‐1. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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Biofilm systems as tools in biotechnological production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5095-5103. [PMID: 31079168 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The literature provides more and more examples of research projects that develop novel production processes based on microorganisms organized in the form of biofilms. Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms that are attached to interfaces. These viscoelastic aggregates of cells are held together and are embedded in a matrix consisting of multiple carbohydrate polymers as well as proteins. Biofilms are characterized by a very high cell density and by a natural retentostat behavior. Both factors can contribute to high productivities and a facilitated separation of the desired end-product from the catalytic biomass. Within the biofilm matrix, stable gradients of substrates and products form, which can lead to a differentiation and adaptation of the microorganisms' physiology to the specific process conditions. Moreover, growth in a biofilm state is often accompanied by a higher resistance and resilience towards toxic or growth inhibiting substances and factors. In this short review, we summarize how biofilms can be studied and what most promising niches for their application can be. Moreover, we highlight future research directions that will accelerate the advent of productive biofilms in biology-based production processes.
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Pinck S, Jorand FPA, Xu M, Etienne M. Protamine Promotes Direct Electron Transfer Between Shewanella oneidensisCells and Carbon Nanomaterials in Bacterial Biocomposites. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pinck
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME F-54000 Nancy France
| | | | - Mengjie Xu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME F-54000 Nancy France
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