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Rajasekera TA, Galley JD, Mackos AR, Chen HJ, Mitchell JG, Kleinman JJ, Cappelucci P, Mashburn-Warren L, Lauber CL, Bailey MT, Worly BL, Gur TL. Stress and depression-associated shifts in gut microbiota: A pilot study of human pregnancy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100730. [PMID: 38323225 PMCID: PMC10844036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial stress and mood-related disorders, such as depression, are prevalent and vulnerability to these conditions is heightened during pregnancy. Psychosocial stress induces consequences via several mechanisms including the gut microbiota-brain axis and associated signaling pathways. Previous preclinical work indicates that prenatal stress alters maternal gut microbial composition and impairs offspring development. Importantly, although the fecal and vaginal microenvironments undergo alterations across pregnancy, we lack consensus regarding which shifts are adaptive or maladaptive in the presence of prenatal stress and depression. Clinical studies interrogating these relationships have identified unique taxa but have been limited in study design. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals consisting of repeated administration of psychometrics (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)) and collection of fecal and vaginal microbiome samples. Fecal and vaginal microbial community composition across psychometric responses were interrogated using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing followed by α and β-diversity metrics and taxonomic abundance. Results Early pregnancy stress was associated with increased abundance of fecal taxa not previously identified in related studies, and stress from late pregnancy through postpartum was associated with increased abundance of typical vaginal taxa and opportunistic pathogens in the fecal microenvironment. Additionally, in late pregnancy, maternal stress and depression scores were associated with each other and with elevated maternal C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) concentrations. At delivery, concordant with previous literature, umbilical CCL2 concentration was negatively correlated with relative abundance of maternal fecal Lactobacilli. Lastly, participants with more severe depressive symptoms experienced steeper decreases in prenatal vaginal α-diversity. Conclusion These findings a) underscore previous preclinical and clinical research demonstrating the effects of prenatal stress on maternal microbiome composition, b) suggest distinct biological pathways for the consequences of stress versus depression and c) extend the literature by identifying several taxa which may serve critical roles in mediating this relationship. Thus, further interrogation of the role of specific maternal microbial taxa in relation to psychosocial stress and its sequelae is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese A. Rajasekera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Galley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Helen J. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Paige Cappelucci
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Christian L. Lauber
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brett L. Worly
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamar L. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Maust BS, Petkov S, Herrera C, Feng C, Brown BP, Lebina L, Opoka D, Ssemata A, Pillay N, Serwanga J, Seatlholo P, Namubiru P, Odoch G, Mugaba S, Seiphetlo T, Gray CM, Kaleebu P, Webb EL, Martinson N, Chiodi F, Fox J, Jaspan HB. Bacterial microbiome and host inflammatory gene expression in foreskin tissue. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22145. [PMID: 38053902 PMCID: PMC10694185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The penile epithelial microbiome remains underexplored. We sequenced human RNA and a segment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from the foreskin tissue of 144 adolescents from South Africa and Uganda collected during penile circumcision after receipt of 1-2 doses of placebo, emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or emtricitabine + tenofovir alafenamide to investigate the microbiome of foreskin tissue and its potential changes with antiretroviral use. We identified a large number of anaerobic species, including Corynebacterium acnes, which was detected more frequently in participants from South Africa than Uganda. Bacterial populations did not differ by treatment received, and no differentially abundant taxa were identified between placebo versus active drug recipients. The relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa was negatively correlated with expression of genes downstream of the innate immune response to bacteria and regulation of inflammation. Our results show no difference in the tissue microbiome of the foreskin with short-course antiretroviral use but that bacterial taxa were largely inversely correlated with inflammatory gene expression, consistent with commensal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Maust
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Colin Feng
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Bryan P. Brown
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Daniel Opoka
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Andrew Ssemata
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Natasha Pillay
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Serwanga
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Portia Seatlholo
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Patricia Namubiru
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Odoch
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Susan Mugaba
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Thabiso Seiphetlo
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Clive M. Gray
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Emily L. Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Julie Fox
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Heather B. Jaspan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - CHAPS team
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
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Cisneros E, Sherwani N, Lanier OL, Peppas NA. Targeted delivery methods for RNA interference are necessary to obtain a potential functional cure for HIV/AIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114970. [PMID: 37385543 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is of great interest in many different therapeutic areas including infectious diseases such as immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Thanks to current, advanced treatments for HIV, the diagnosis is no longer a death sentence. However, even with these treatments, latency is suggested to persist in T-lymphocyte-rich tissues including gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), spleen, and bone marrow making HIV an incurable disease. Therefore, it is important to design systems that can effectively deliver therapeutics to these tissues to fight latent infection and find a functional cure. Numerous therapeutics ranging from small molecules to cell therapies have been explored as a cure for HIV but have failed to maintain therapeutic longevity. RNA interference (RNAi) provides a unique opportunity to achieve a functional cure for those who suffer from chronic HIV/AIDS by suppressing replication of the virus. However, RNA has certain imitations in delivery as it cannot be delivered without a carrier due to its negative charge and degradation from endogenous nucleases. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of explored systems for siRNA delivery for HIV/AIDS in the context of RNA therapeutic design and nanoparticle design. In addition, we suggest strategies that should be used to target specific tissues that are rich in lymphatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cisneros
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Najia Sherwani
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Olivia L Lanier
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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4
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Cattani VB, Jalil EM, Eksterman L, Torres T, Wagner Cardoso S, Castro CRV, Monteiro L, Wilson E, Bushman L, Anderson P, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, Estrela R. Estradiol and Spironolactone Plasma Pharmacokinetics Among Brazilian Transgender Women Using HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Analysis of Potential Interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:1031-1041. [PMID: 37261664 PMCID: PMC10338392 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE An important barrier to HIV prevention among transgender women (TGW) is the concern that oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) negatively affects the efficacy of feminizing hormone therapy (FHT). We aimed to assess the impact of PrEP on FHT pharmacokinetics (PK) among TGW from Brazil. METHODS We performed a drug-drug interaction sub-study among TGW enrolled in a daily oral PrEP demonstration study (PrEParadas, NCT03220152). Participants had a first PK assessment (PK1) 15 days after FHT (estradiol valerate 2-6 mg plus spironolactone 100-200 mg) initiation and then started PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg). A second PK evaluation was performed 12 weeks later (PK2). Blood samples were collected prior and after the directly observed dosing (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours). Pharmacokinetic parameters of estradiol, spironolactone, and metabolites were estimated by non-compartmental analysis (Monolix 2021R2, Lixoft®) and compared as geometric mean ratios (GMRs, 90% confidence interval [CI]). RESULTS Among 19 TGW who completed the substudy, median age was 26 years (interquartile range: 23-27.5). Estradiol area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCτ) and trough concentrations did not differ between PK1 and PK2 evaluations (GMR [90% CI]: 0.89 [0.76-1.04] and 1.06 [0.94-1.20], respectively). Spironolactone and canrenone AUCτ were statistically lower at PK2 than PK1 (0.76 [0.65-0.89] and 0.85 [0.78-0.94], respectively). Canrenone maximum concentration was also lower at PK2 than PK1 (0.82 [0.74-0.91]). CONCLUSION Estradiol PK was not influenced by PrEP concomitant use. The small differences observed in some spironolactone and canrenone PK parameters should not prevent the concomitant use of estradiol-based FHT and PrEP. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial (NCT03220152) was registered on July 18, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Berg Cattani
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Emilia Moreira Jalil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Eksterman
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Torres
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R V Castro
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laylla Monteiro
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erin Wilson
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita Estrela
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases INI Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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5
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Zuo H, Zheng T, Wu K, Yang T, Wang L, Nima Q, Bai H, Dong K, Fan Z, Huang S, Luo R, Wu J, Zhou J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Feng S, Zeng P, Xiao X, Guo B, Wei Y, Pei X, Zhao X. High-altitude exposure decreases bone mineral density and its relationship with gut microbiota: Results from the China multi-ethnic cohort (CMEC) study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114206. [PMID: 36058270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic altitude is a potent environmental factor for human microbiota and bone mineral density. However, little evidence exists in population-based studies with altitude diversity ranges across more than 3000 m. This study assessed the associations between a wide range of altitudes and bone mineral density, as well as the potential mediating role of microbiota in this relationship. METHODS A total of 99,556 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study were enrolled. The altitude of each participant was extracted from global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 4 data. Bone mineral density was measured by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound index (QUI). Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 1384). The metabolites of gut microbiota, seven kinds of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, n = 128). After screening, 73,974 participants were selected for the "altitude-QUI" analysis and they were placed into the low-altitude (LA) and high-altitude (HA) groups. Additionally, a subgroup (n = 1384) was further selected for the "altitude-microbiota-QUI" analysis. Multivariate linear regression models and mediation analyses were conducted among participants. RESULTS A significant negative association between high-altitude and QUI was obtained (mean difference = -0.373 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.389, -0.358, n = 73,974). The same negative association was also observed in the population with microbiota data (mean difference = -0.185 SD, 95%CI: -0.360, -0.010, n = 1384), and a significant mediating effect of Catenibacteriumon on the association between altitude and QUI (proportion mediated = 25.2%, P = 0.038) was also noticed. Additionally, the acetic acid, butyric acid, and total amount of seven SCFAs of the low-altitude group were significantly higher than that of the high-altitude group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION High-altitude exposure may decrease bone mineral density in adults, thus increasing the risk of osteoporosis. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a potential strategy for alleviating the decrease of bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojiang Zuo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tianli Zheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Lingyao Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qucuo Nima
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, 850000, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ke Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ziwei Fan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shourui Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ruocheng Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jialong Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingcong Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shiyu Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peibin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiong Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yonglan Wei
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Bragazzi NL, Khamisy-Farah R, Tsigalou C, Mahroum N. HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Its Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Men Having Sex With Men. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922887. [PMID: 35814651 PMCID: PMC9260425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV/AIDS still imposes a high epidemiological and societal burden. Together with antiretroviral therapy, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) represents a fundamental tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS. PrEP is considered effective and safe, even though it may affect organs like the kidney, bone, and liver, as shown by randomized clinical trials (RCTs). These side effects may be mediated by alterations of the gut microbiome. Whilst the impact of the human rectal and vaginal microbiome on HIV prevention has been highly investigated among women, less is known about its effect among men having sex with men (MSM), a vulnerable population at high risk for HIV and disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. In the present paper, we will overview the effects of PrEP on the gut microbiota in MSM. Mining PubMed/MEDLINE, we identified three studies that have found significant changes affecting the gut microbiota. However, these shifts in the gut microbiome composition are variable, probably due to methodological differences, even though all studies reviewed in the present overview consistently report aberrations at the level of the gut microbiota. More data are needed, especially concerning the long-term side effects of PrEP: despite the studies included being a high-quality RCT, and two well-designed cross-sectional studies, evidence related to the impact of HIV PrEP on the gut microbiome in MSM is scarce and based on small populations. A better understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiota, sexual orientation/identity, and HIV prevention is expected to improve PrEP adherence and devise strategies to counteract PrEP-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,
| | - Rola Khamisy-Farah
- Clalit Health Services, Akko, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Abstract
Life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) is now close to that of the HIV-uninfected population. As a result, age-related comorbidities, including osteoporosis, are increasing in PLWH. This narrative review describes the epidemiology of bone fragility in PLWH, changes of bone features over the course of HIV infection and their determinants, as well as the available evidence regarding the management of osteoporosis in PLWH. The risk of fracture is higher and increases about 10 years earlier compared to the general population. The classical risk factors of bone fragility are very widespread and are major determinants of bone health in this population. The majority of bone loss occurs during virus replication and during immune reconstitution at antiretroviral therapies (ART) initiation, which both increase osteoclast activity. Abnormalities in bone formation and mineralization have also been shown in histomorphometric studies in untreated PLWH. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) is the first line tool for assessing fracture risk in postmenopausal women, men above 50 years, and other HIV-infected patients with clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. FRAX underestimates fracture probability in PLWH. In case of indication for anti-osteoporotic drug, bisphosphonates remain the reference option. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be considered as ART initiation, since it may attenuate bone loss at this stage. Bone-protective ART regimens improve BMD compared to other regimens, but to a lesser extent than bisphosphonate, and without available data on their influence on the incidence of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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8
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Observations of differing bacterial, intestinal microbiomes in people living with HIV have propelled interest in contributions of the microbiome to HIV disease. Non-human primate (NHP) models of HIV infection provide a controlled setting for assessing contributions of the microbiome by standardizing environmental confounders. We provide an overview of the findings of microbiome contributions to aspects of HIV disease derived from these animal models. Recent Findings Observations of differing bacterial, intestinal microbiomes are inconsistently observed in the NHP model following SIV infection. Differences in lentiviral susceptibility and vaccine efficacy have been attributed to variations in the intestinal microbiome; however, by-and-large, these differences have not been experimentally assessed. Summary Although compelling associations exist, clearly defined contributions of the microbiome to HIV and SIV disease are lacking. The empirical use of comprehensive multi-omics assessments and longitudinal and interventional study designs in NHP models is necessary to define this contribution more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA
| | - Alexandra M Ortiz
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
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Tapia GR, Glynn TR, Miller C, Manuzak JA, Broedlow CA, Mcgaugh A, Cherenack EM, Bauermeister JA, Grov C, Dilworth SE, Parisi R, Martinez D, Klatt NR, Carrico AW. Syndemics and preexposure prophylaxis are independently associated with rectal immune dysregulation in sexual minority men. AIDS 2021; 35:1295-1300. [PMID: 33710016 PMCID: PMC8603938 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Syndemic conditions have been linked to engagement in receptive condomless anal sex (CAS) and HIV seroconversion. However, little is known about the biological pathways whereby syndemics could amplify vulnerability to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). DESIGN HIV-negative sexual minority men (i.e. gay, bisexual and other MSM) were recruited from four STI clinics in South Florida for a cross-sectional study. METHODS Participants completed assessments for four syndemic conditions: depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, hazardous alcohol use and any stimulant use (i.e. any self-reported use or reactive urine toxicology results). Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured using LEGENDplex from the rectal swabs of 92 participants reporting receptive CAS and no antibiotic use in the past three months. RESULTS After controlling for age, race/ethnicity, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and number of receptive CAS partners, a greater number of syndemic conditions was associated with higher levels of rectal cytokines/chemokines relevant to immune activation, inflammation and the expansion and maintenance of T-helper 17 target cells, including rectal interferon-gamma (β = 0.22; P = 0.047), CXCL-8 (β = 0.24; P = 0.025) and interleukin-23 (β = 0.22; P = 0.049). Elevations in rectal cytokine or chemokine levels were most pronounced among participants experiencing two or more syndemic conditions compared with those experiencing no syndemic conditions. PrEP use was independently associated with elevations in multiple rectal cytokines/chemokines. CONCLUSION Syndemic conditions could increase biological vulnerability to HIV and other STIs in sexual minority men by potentiating rectal immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Tapia
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Tiffany R Glynn
- University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Coral, Gables, Florida
| | - Charlene Miller
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery; Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer A Manuzak
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University; Division of Immunology, Covington, Los Angeles
| | - Courtney A Broedlow
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery; Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Angela Mcgaugh
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida
| | - Emily M Cherenack
- Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Christian Grov
- City University of New York (CUNY), Graduate School of Public Health and Health, Policy, New York, New York
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Parisi
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nichole R Klatt
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery; Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Adam W Carrico
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida
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10
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Perler BK, Reinhart EM, Montgomery M, Maynard M, Shapiro JM, Belenky P, Chan PA. Evaluation of the Microbiome in Men Taking Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2005-2013. [PMID: 33394167 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tenofovir-based regimens as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are highly effective at preventing HIV infection. The most common side-effect is gastrointestinal (GI) distress which may be associated with changes in the microbiome. Dysbiosis of the microbiome can have numerous health-related consequences. To understand the effect of PrEP on dysbiosis, we evaluated 27 individuals; 14 were taking PrEP for an average of 171 weeks. Sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed using self-collected rectal swabs. Mixed beta diversity testing demonstrated significant differences between PrEP and non-PrEP users with Bray-Curtis and unweighted UniFrac analyses (p = 0.05 and 0.049, respectively). At the genus level, there was a significant reduction in Finegoldia, along with a significant increase in Catenibacterium and Prevotella in PrEP users. Prevotella has been associated with inflammatory pathways, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, while Catenibacterium has been associated with morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome. Overall, these results suggest that PrEP may be associated with some degree of microbiome dysbiosis, which may contribute to GI symptoms. Long-term impact of these changes is unknown.
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11
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Methotrexate Decreases Tenofovir Exposure in Antiretroviral-Suppressed Individuals Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 85:651-658. [PMID: 33177476 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To mitigate increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease in antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed adults living with HIV (PWH), low-dose methotrexate (LDMTX) was evaluated in a multicenter randomized placebo controlled clinical trial of 176 PWH taking various ART regimens (ACTG A5314). Given shared methotrexate (MTX) and tenofovir (TFV) pharmacokinetic (PK) pathways, a substudy was conducted to investigate whether LDMTX alters TFV exposure. METHODS Adults virally suppressed on ART for >24 weeks were randomized to LDMTX or placebo. The first 66 participants taking a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimen underwent intensive PK sampling over 24 hours after the second dose of LDMTX 10 mg or placebo. TFV and MTX levels were quantified using validated mass spectrometry methods. TFV PK between LDMTX and placebo groups were compared and MTX PK was characterized. RESULTS Forty-eight participants completed this substudy (n = 20 on LDMTX and 28 on placebo). Baseline characteristics were balanced except for protease inhibitor (PI)-use (25% in LDMTX and 43% in placebo groups). For TFV, AUC6 (primary endpoint), and AUC24,imputed, Cmax, and Cmin (secondary endpoints) were on average 22%, and 24%, 27%, and 31% less in the LDMTX versus placebo groups, with reductions in secondary endpoints reaching statistical significance. Additional analyses suggested a greater reduction in the absence of PI although not significant. CONCLUSION Lower TFV AUC24,imputed and Cmax indicates that LDMTX reduces TFV exposure in PWH. However, this change was modest, not warranting a change in TFV dosing at this time. Further studies of TFV PK with LDMTX, especially without PI co-administration, are warranted.
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12
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Impact of long-term antiretroviral therapy on gut and oral microbiotas in HIV-1-infected patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:960. [PMID: 33441754 PMCID: PMC7806981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In HIV-1-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor that may impact commensal microbiota and cause the emergence of side effects. However, it is not fully understood how long-term ART regimens have diverse impacts on the microbial compositions over time. Here, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the fecal and salivary microbiomes in patients under different long-term ART. We found that ART, especially conventional nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based ART, has remarkable impacts on fecal microbial diversity: decreased α-diversity and increased ß-diversity over time. In contrast, dynamic diversity changes in the salivary microbiome were not observed. Comparative analysis of bacterial genus compositions showed a propensity for Prevotella-enriched and Bacteroides-poor gut microbiotas in patients with ART over time. In addition, we observed a gradual reduction in Bacteroides but drastic increases in Succinivibrio and/or Megasphaera under conventional ART. These results suggest that ART, especially NRTI-based ART, has more suppressive impacts on microbiota composition and diversity in the gut than in the mouth, which potentially causes intestinal dysbiosis in patients. Therefore, NRTI-sparing ART, especially integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)- and/or non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens, might alleviate the burden of intestinal dysbiosis in HIV-1-infected patients under long-term ART.
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13
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In Vitro Exposure of Leukocytes to HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Decreases Mitochondrial Function and Alters Gene Expression Profiles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01755-20. [PMID: 33020165 PMCID: PMC7927818 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01755-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy for preventing HIV acquisition. The cellular consequences of PrEP exposure, however, have not been sufficiently explored to determine potential effects on health in individuals without HIV. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from people without HIV were exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or emtricitabine (FTC) overnight. Mitochondrial mass and function were measured by flow cytometry and an Agilent XFp analyzer. The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy for preventing HIV acquisition. The cellular consequences of PrEP exposure, however, have not been sufficiently explored to determine potential effects on health in individuals without HIV. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from people without HIV were exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or emtricitabine (FTC) overnight. Mitochondrial mass and function were measured by flow cytometry and an Agilent XFp analyzer. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were differentiated in 20% autologous serum for 5 days in the presence or absence of TDF or FTC, and surface markers, lipid uptake, and efferocytosis were measured by flow cytometry. MDM gene expression was measured using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Plasma lipids were measured using mass spectrometry. PBMCs exposed to TDF or FTC had decreased maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduced mitochondrial mass. Exposure to PrEP also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from monocyte subsets. Compared to MDMs cultured in medium alone, cells differentiated in the presence of TDF (829 genes) or FTC (888 genes) had significant changes in gene expression. Further, PrEP-exposed MDMs had decreased mitochondrial mass and displayed increased lipid uptake and reduced efferocytosis. Plasma biomarkers and lipid levels were also altered in vivo in individuals receiving a PrEP regimen. In conclusion, exposure of leukocytes to TDF or FTC resulted in decreased mitochondrial function and altered functional and transcriptional profiles. These findings may have important implications for the metabolic and immunologic consequences of PrEP in populations at risk for HIV acquisition.
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14
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Bragg M, Freeman EW, Lim HC, Songsasen N, Muletz-Wolz CR. Gut Microbiomes Differ Among Dietary Types and Stool Consistency in the Captive Red Wolf ( Canis rufus). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590212. [PMID: 33304337 PMCID: PMC7693430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Captive management of many wildlife species can be challenging, with individuals displaying health disorders that are not generally described in the wild population. Retrospective studies have identified gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, in particular inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as the second leading cause of captive adult red wolf (Canis rufus) mortality. Recent molecular studies show that imbalanced gut microbial composition is tightly linked to IBD in the domestic dog. The goal of the present study was to address two main questions: (1) how do red wolf gut microbiomes differ between animals with loose stool consistency, indicative of GI issues, and those with normal stool consistency and (2) how does dietary type relate to stool consistency and red wolf gut microbiomes? Fresh fecal samples were collected from 48 captive wolves housed in eight facilities in the United States and from two wild wolves living in Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, NC, United States. For each individual, the stool consistency was categorized as loose or normal using a standardized protocol and their diet was categorized as either wild, whole meat, a mix of whole meat and kibble or kibble. We characterized gut microbiome structure using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found that red wolves with a loose stool consistency differed in composition than wolves with normal stool consistency, suggesting a link between GI health and microbiome composition. Diet was not related to stool consistency but did significantly impact gut microbiome composition; gut microbiome composition of wolves fed a kibble diet were significantly different than the gut microbiome composition of wolves fed a mixed, whole meat and wild diet. Findings from this study increase the understanding of the interplay between diet and GI health in the red wolf, a critical piece of information needed to maintain a healthy red wolf population ex situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Bragg
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, United States
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elizabeth W. Freeman
- School of Integrative Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Haw Chuan Lim
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, United States
| | - Carly R. Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Coleman SL, Neff CP, Li SX, Armstrong AJ, Schneider JM, Sen S, Fennimore B, Campbell TB, Lozupone CA, Palmer BE. Can gut microbiota of men who have sex with men influence HIV transmission? Gut Microbes 2020; 11:610-619. [PMID: 32036739 PMCID: PMC7524317 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1700756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining a complete understanding of transmission risk factors will assist in efforts to reduce new HIV infections, especially within the disproportionally affected population of men who have sex with men (MSM). We recently reported that the fecal microbiota of MSM elevates immune activation in gnotobiotic mice and enhances HIV infection in vitro over that of fecal microbiota from men who have sex with women. We also demonstrated elevation of the gut homing marker CD103 (integrin αE) on CD4+ T cells by MSM-microbiota. Here we provide additional evidence that the gut microbiota is a risk factor for HIV transmission in MSM by showing elevated frequencies of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 on CD4+ T cells in human rectosigmoid colon biopsies. We discuss our interest in specific MSM-associated bacteria and propose the influx of CD103+ and CCR5+ CD4+ T cells into the colon as a potential link between the MSM microbiota and HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Coleman
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - C. Preston Neff
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sam X. Li
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Abigail J.S. Armstrong
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schneider
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sharon Sen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Blair Fennimore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas B. Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine A. Lozupone
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent E. Palmer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA,CONTACT Brent E. Palmer Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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16
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Williams B, Ghosh M, Boucher C, Bushman F, Carrington-Lawrence S, Collman RG, Dandekar S, Dang Q, Malaspina A, Paredes R, Wilson C, Cardoso SP, Lagenaur L, Santos J, Joy C, Landay A. A Summary of the Fourth Annual Virology Education HIV Microbiome Workshop. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:349-356. [PMID: 31914785 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year, a growing international collection of researchers meets at the NIH to share and discuss developments in the microbiome HIV story. This past year has seen continued progress toward a detailed understanding of host-microbe interactions both within and outside the field of HIV. Commensal microbes are being linked to an ever-growing list of maladies and physiologic states, including major depressive disorder, chronic kidney disease, and Parkinson disease. PubMed citations for "microbiome" are growing at an exponential rate with over 11,000 in 2018. Various microbial taxa have been associated with HIV infection, and some of these taxa associated with HIV infection have also been associated with systemic markers of inflammation in HIV infected individuals. Causality remains unclear however as environmental and behavioral factors may drive HIV risk, inflammation, and gut enterotype. Much of the work currently being done addresses potential mechanisms by which gut microbes influence immune and inflammatory pathways. No portion of the microbiome landscape has grown as rapidly as study of the interplay between gut microbes and response to cancer immunotherapy. As Dr. Wargo discussed in her keynote address, this area has opened the door to better understanding on how commensal microbes interact with the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charles Boucher
- Department of Virosciences, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy Carrington-Lawrence
- Office of AIDS Research, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, U.S. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald G. Collman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Que Dang
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Malaspina
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger Paredes
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa i Unitat VIH, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cara Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sandra Pinto Cardoso
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jessica Santos
- Columbus Technologies and Services, Inc., NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Joy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Fulcher JA, Li F, Cook RR, Zabih S, Louie A, Okochi H, Tobin NH, Gandhi M, Shoptaw S, Gorbach PM, Aldrovandi GM. Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz463. [PMID: 32258202 PMCID: PMC7105055 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral daily tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIVprevention, yet long-term effects are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of PrEP on the rectal microbiome in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included HIV-negative MSM either on PrEP (n = 37) or not (n = 37) selected from an ongoing cohort using propensity score matching. Rectal swabs were used to examine microbiome composition using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing, and associations between PrEP use and microbiota abundance were examined. Hair specimens were used to quantify TFV and FTC exposure over the past 6 weeks on a subset of participants (n = 15). RESULTS Pre-exposure prophylaxis use was associated with a significant increase in Streptococcus abundance (adjusted P = .015). Similar associations were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, confirming the increase in Streptococcus and also showing increased Mitsuokella, Fusobacterium, and decreased Escherichia/Shigella. Increased Fusobacterium was significantly associated with increasing TFV exposure. CONCLUSIONS Oral TDF/FTC for PrEP is associated with rectal microbiome changes compared to well matched controls, specifically increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium abundance. This study highlights the need for future investigations of the role of microbiome changes on HIV susceptibility and effectiveness of PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan R Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Zabih
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Louie
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine (Hair Analytical Laboratory), Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hideaki Okochi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine (Hair Analytical Laboratory), Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole H Tobin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine (Hair Analytical Laboratory), Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grace M Aldrovandi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Alzahrani J, Hussain T, Simar D, Palchaudhuri R, Abdel-Mohsen M, Crowe SM, Mbogo GW, Palmer CS. Inflammatory and immunometabolic consequences of gut dysfunction in HIV: Parallels with IBD and implications for reservoir persistence and non-AIDS comorbidities. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:522-531. [PMID: 31327693 PMCID: PMC6710907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa is critical for maintaining the integrity and functions of the gut. Disruption of this barrier is a hallmark and a risk factor for many intestinal and chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and HIV infection are characterized by microbial translocation and systemic inflammation. Despite the clinical overlaps between HIV and IBD, significant differences exist such as the severity of gut damage and mechanisms of immune cell homeostasis. Studies have supported the role of metabolic activation of immune cells in promoting chronic inflammation in HIV and IBD. This inflammatory response persists in HIV+ persons even after long-term virologic suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we review gut dysfunction and microbiota changes during HIV infection and IBD, and discuss how this may induce metabolic reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages and T cells to impact disease outcomes. Drawing from parallels with IBD, we highlight how factors such as lipopolysaccharides, residual viral replication, and extracellular vesicles activate biochemical pathways that regulate immunometabolic processes essential for HIV persistence and non-AIDS metabolic comorbidities. This review highlights new mechanisms and support for the use of immunometabolic-based therapeutics towards HIV remission/cure, and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Alzahrani
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Medical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tabinda Hussain
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Simar
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Suzanne M Crowe
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Clovis S Palmer
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Medical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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