1
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Ahn E, Kim YJ, Akanda MR, Oh S, Jung T, Jung S, Lee J, Kim SS, Jeong YY, Ha H, Hyun H, Kim H, Rhee JH, Kim KK, Lee K, Moon K. Metastasis-enhancing protein KITENIN confers temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT via upregulation of cancer stem cell makers. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1804. [PMID: 39118288 PMCID: PMC11310266 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun‐Jung Ahn
- Department of NeurosurgeryChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
- Department of PathologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Department of NeurosurgeryChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Department of PathologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Se‐Jeong Oh
- Department of NeurosurgeryChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
- Department of PathologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Tae‐Young Jung
- Department of NeurosurgeryChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of NeurosurgeryChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Hyuk Lee
- Department of PathologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Sung Sun Kim
- Department of PathologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of RadiologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Hyung‐Ho Ha
- College of PharmacySunchon National UniversitySunchonSouth Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical SciencesChonnam National University Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of PharmacySunchon National UniversitySunchonSouth Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Medical Research Center (MRC) for Immunotherapy of CancerChonnam National University Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of PharmacologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Kyung‐Hwa Lee
- Department of PathologyChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP)Chonnam National UniversityHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sub Moon
- Department of NeurosurgeryChonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical SchoolHwasunSouth Korea
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2
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Zachhuber L, Filip T, Mozayani B, Löbsch M, Scheiner S, Vician P, Stanek J, Hacker M, Helbich TH, Wanek T, Berger W, Kuntner C. Characterization of a Syngeneic Orthotopic Model of Cholangiocarcinoma by [ 18F]FDG-PET/MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2591. [PMID: 39061229 PMCID: PMC11275149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of primary liver cancer originating from the biliary tract epithelium, characterized by limited treatment options for advanced cases and low survival rates. This study aimed to establish an orthotopic mouse model for CCA and monitor tumor growth using PET/MR imaging. Murine CCA cells were implanted into the liver lobe of male C57BL/6J mice. The imaging groups included contrast-enhanced (CE) MR, CE-MR with static [18F]FDG-PET, and dynamic [18F]FDG-PET. Tumor volume and FDG uptake were measured weekly over four weeks. Early tumor formation was visible in CE-MR images, with a gradual increase in volume over time. Dynamic FDG-PET revealed an increase in the metabolic glucose rate (MRGlu) over time. Blood analysis showed pathological changes in liver-related parameters. Lung metastases were observed in nearly all animals after four weeks. The study concludes that PET-MR imaging effectively monitors tumor progression in the CCA mouse model, providing insights into CCA development and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Zachhuber
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Filip
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics & Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Behrang Mozayani
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Mathilde Löbsch
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Scheiner
- Centre for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (W.B.)
| | - Petra Vician
- Centre for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (W.B.)
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H. Helbich
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Walter Berger
- Centre for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (W.B.)
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Varlı M, Bhosle SR, Kim E, Yang Y, Taş İ, Zhou R, Pulat S, Gamage CDB, Park SY, Ha HH, Kim H. Usnic Acid Targets 14-3-3 Proteins and Suppresses Cancer Progression by Blocking Substrate Interaction. JACS AU 2024; 4:1521-1537. [PMID: 38665668 PMCID: PMC11040559 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The anticancer therapeutic effects of usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary metabolite, have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of UA remains to be clarified. In this study, the target protein of UA was identified using a UA-linker-Affi-Gel molecule, which showed that UA binds to the 14-3-3 protein. UA binds to 14-3-3, causing the degradation of proteasomal and autophagosomal proteins. The interaction of UA with 14-3-3 isoforms modulated cell invasion, cell cycle progression, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the Akt/mTOR, JNK, STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. A peptide inhibitor of 14-3-3 blocked or regressed the activity of UA and inhibited its effects. The results suggest that UA binds to 14-3-3 isoforms and suppresses cancer progression by affecting 14-3-3 targets and phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh R. Bhosle
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 146 Chosundae-gil, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
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4
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Koopaie M, Karimi H, Sohrabi M, Norouzi H. Cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic evaluation of Ramalina sinensis (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes), lichenized fungus on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line; in-vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37608377 PMCID: PMC10463489 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientists and medical professionals are actively striving to improve the efficacy of treatment methods for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most frequently occurring cancer within the oral cavity, by exploring the potential of natural products. The active pharmacological compounds found in lichenized fungi have shown potential for aiding in cancer treatment. Recent research aims to evaluate the impact of the lichenized fungus Ramalina sinensis (R. sinensis) on the cell viability and apoptosis of OSCC cell lines, considering the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer capabilities of lichens. METHODS Ramalina sinensis (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) was selected for investigation of its effects on a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Acetone and methanol extracts of R. sinensis on an OSCC cell line (KB cell line, NCBI Code: C152) were investigated. Viability was assessed by MTT assay analysis, and apoptotic cells were measured using flow cytometry analysis. Scratch assay was used to assess cell migration. The chemical composition and metabolic profiling of R. sinensis were investigated. RESULTS The growth and multiplication of KB cells were observed to undergo a gradual but remarkable inhibition when exposed to various concentrations. Specifically, concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL exhibited a significant suppressive effect on the proliferation of KB cells. The inhibition of cell proliferation exhibited a statistically significant difference between the extracts obtained from acetone and methanol. Flow cytometry results show an increase in apoptosis of OSCC cells by acetone extract. R. sinensis exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the migration of OSCC cells. The chemical composition of R. sinensis was investigated using liquid chromatography positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and 33 compounds in the acetone and methanol extracts of R. sinensis were detected. CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence supporting the beneficial effects of R. sinensis extract on inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells and exerting anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O. Box: 14395 -433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O. Box: 14395 -433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sohrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Former graduate student of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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5
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Effects of Usnic Acid to Prevent Infections by Creating a Protective Barrier in an In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043695. [PMID: 36835105 PMCID: PMC9958797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal sprays are medical devices useful for preventing infection and the subsequent spread of airborne pathogens. The effectiveness of these devices depends on the activity of chosen compounds which can create a physical barrier against viral uptake as well as incorporate different substances with antiviral activity. Among antiviral compounds, UA, a dibenzofuran derived from lichens, has the mechanical ability to modify its structure by creating a branch capable of forming a protective barrier. The mechanical ability of UA to protect cells from virus infection was investigated by analyzing the branching capacity of UA, and then the protection mechanism in an in vitro model was also studied. As expected, UA at 37 °C was able to create a barrier confirming its ramification property. At the same time, UA was able to block the infection of Vero E6 and HNEpC cells by interfering with a biological interaction between cells and viruses as revealed also by the UA quantification. Therefore, UA can block virus activity through a mechanical barrier effect without altering the physiological nasal homeostasis. The findings of this research could be of great relevance in view of the growing alarm regarding the spread of airborne viral diseases.
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6
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Varlı M, Pham HT, Kim SM, Taş İ, Gamage CDB, Zhou R, Pulat S, Park SY, Sesal NC, Hur JS, Kang KB, Kim H. An acetonic extract and secondary metabolites from the endolichenic fungus Nemania sp. EL006872 exhibit immune checkpoint inhibitory activity in lung cancer cell. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986946. [PMID: 36160406 PMCID: PMC9495263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endolichenic fungi (ELF), which live the inside the lichen thallus, contain many secondary metabolites that show various biological activities. Recent studies show that lichen and ELF secondary metabolites have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities. Purpose: Here, the effects of an ELF extract and its bioactive compounds were investigated on the H1975 cell line focusing on immune checkpoint marker inhibition. Methods: An ELF was isolated from the host lichen Bryoria fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo and D. Hawksw and identified the species as Nemania sp. EL006872. The fungus was cultured on agar medium and acetonic extracts were obtained. Secondary metabolites radianspenes C and D, and dahliane D, were isolated from the crude extract. The biological effects of both the crude extract and the isolated secondary metabolites were evaluated in cell viability, qRT-PCR assays, flow cytometry analysis and western blotting. Results: The cell viability assay revealed that extracts from Nemania sp. EL006872 and the isolated secondary compounds had low cytotoxicity. The crude extract, radianspenes C and D, and dahliane D, suppressed expression of mRNA encoding PD-L1 and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and surface expression of PD-L1 protein by cells exposed to benzo[a] pyrene. Radianspenes C and D, and dahliane D, reduced expression of AhR, PD-L1, ICOSL, and GITRL proteins by H1975 lung cancer cells, as well as exerting anti-proliferative effects. Conclusion: Radianspenes C and D, and dahliane D, bioactive compounds isolated from Nemania sp. EL006872 ELF, have the potential for use as immunotherapy and immunoncology treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Huong T. Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | | | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Nüzhet Cenk Sesal
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hangun Kim,
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7
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(+)-Usnic acid and its salts, inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, identified by using in silico methods and in vitro assay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13118. [PMID: 35908082 PMCID: PMC9338942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been ongoing for over two years, and treatment for COVID-19, other than monoclonal antibodies, is urgently required. Accordingly, we have investigated the inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protein targets by high-throughput virtual screening using a marine natural products database. Considering the calculated molecular properties and availability of the compounds, (+)-usnic acid was selected as a suitable hit. In the in vitro antiviral assay of (+)-usnic acid by the immunofluorescence method, IC50 was 7.99 μM, which is similar to that of remdesivir used as a positive control. The generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation (MM/GBSA) method was performed to find the potent target of (+)-usnic acid, and the Mpro protein showed the most prominent value, -52.05 kcal/mol, among other SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Thereafter, RMSD and protein-ligand interactions were profiled using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Sodium usnate (NaU) improved in vitro assay results with an IC50 of 5.33 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 9.38. Additionally, when (+)-usnic acid was assayed against SARS-CoV-2 variants, it showed enhanced efficacy toward beta variants with an IC50 of 2.92 μM and SI of 11.1. We report the in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of (+)-usnic acid in this study and propose that it has the potential to be developed as a COVID-19 treatment if its in vivo efficacy has been confirmed.
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8
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Le TC, Pulat S, Lee J, Kim GJ, Kim H, Lee EY, Hillman PF, Choi H, Yang I, Oh DC, Kim H, Nam SJ, Fenical W. Marine Depsipeptide Nobilamide I Inhibits Cancer Cell Motility and Tumorigenicity via Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and MMP2/9 Expression. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1722-1732. [PMID: 35071867 PMCID: PMC8771697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic depsipeptide, nobilamide I (1), along with the known peptide A-3302-B/TL-119 (2), was isolated from the saline cultivation of the marine-derived bacterium Saccharomonospora sp., strain CNQ-490. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the amino acids in 1 were assigned by using the C3 Marfey's analysis and comparing them with those of 2 based on their biosynthetic pathways. Nobilamide I (1) decreased cell motility by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in A549 (lung cancer), AGS (gastric cancer), and Caco2 (colorectal cancer) cell lines. In addition, 1 modulated the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family (MMP2 and MMP9) in the three cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Cam Le
- College
of Pharmacy, Hong Bang International University, Hoa Binh, Hoa Thanh Ward, Tan Phu
District, Ho Chi Minh City72006, Vietnam
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon-si, Jeonnam57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerin Kim
- The
Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Prima F. Hillman
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Yang
- Department
of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan49112, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural
Products Research Institute College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon-si, Jeonnam57922, Republic of Korea
- . Phone: +82
53 810 2824
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
- . Phone: +82 2 3277 6805
| | - William Fenical
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California92093-0204, United States
- . Phone: +1 858 259 3839
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9
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Hansen PE. Structural Studies of β-Diketones and Their Implications on Biological Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111189. [PMID: 34832971 PMCID: PMC8622542 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper briefly summarizes methods to determine the structure of β-diketones with emphasis on NMR methods. Density functional calculations are also briefly treated. Emphasis is on the tautomeric equilibria of β-diketones in relation to biological effects. Relevant physical parameters such as acidity and solubility are treated. A series of biologically active molecules are treated with respect to structure (tautomerism). Characteristic molecules or groups of molecules are usnic acids, tetramic and tetronic acids, o-hydroxydibenzoylmethanes, curcumines, lupulones, and hyperforines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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10
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The Natural Compound Hydrophobic Usnic Acid and Hydrophilic Potassium Usnate Derivative: Applications and Comparisons. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195995. [PMID: 34641539 PMCID: PMC8512202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Usnic acid is the best-studied lichen metabolite, presenting several biological activities, such as antibacterial, immunostimulating, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic agents; despite these relevant properties, it is a hydrophobic and toxic molecule. In this context, scientific research has driven the development of innovative alternatives, considering usnic acid as a source of raw material in obtaining new molecules, allowing structural modifications (syntheses) from it. The purpose is to optimize biological activities and toxicity, with less concentration and/or response time. This work presents a literature review with an analogy of the hydrophobic molecule of usnic acid with its hydrophilic derivative of potassium usnate, emphasizing the elucidation and structural characteristics, biological activities, and toxicological aspects of both molecules, and the advantages of using the promising derivative hydrophilic in different in vitro and in vivo assays when compared to usnic acid.
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11
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Taş İ, Varlı M, Son Y, Han J, Kwak D, Yang Y, Zhou R, Gamage CDB, Pulat S, Park SY, Yu YH, Moon KS, Lee KH, Ha HH, Hur JS, Kim H. Physciosporin suppresses mitochondrial respiration, aerobic glycolysis, and tumorigenesis in breast cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153674. [PMID: 34333327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physciosporin (PHY) is one of the potent anticancer lichen compound. Recently, PHY was shown to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation, motility, and tumorigenesis through novel mechanisms of action. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of PHY on energy metabolism and tumorigenicity of the human breast cancer (BC) cells MCF-7 (estrogen and progesterone positive BC) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative BC). METHODS The anticancer effect of PHY on cell viability, motility, cancer metabolism and tumorigenicity was evaluated by MTT assay, migration assay, clonogenic assay, anchorage-independent colony formation assay, glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism analysis, qRT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry in vitro; and by tumorigenicity study with orthotopic breast cancer xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS PHY markedly inhibited BC cell viability. Cell-cycle profiling and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining showed that a toxic dosage of PHY triggered apoptosis in BC cell lines by regulating the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins and the activity of caspase pathway. At non-toxic concentrations, PHY potently decreased migration, proliferation, and tumorigenesis of BC cells in vitro. Metabolic studies revealed that PHY treatment significantly reduced the bioenergetic profile by decreasing respiration, ATP production, and glycolysis capacity. In addition, PHY significantly altered the levels of mitochondrial (PGC-1α) and glycolysis (GLUT1, HK2 and PKM2) markers, and downregulated transcriptional regulators involved in cancer cell metabolism, including β-catenin, c-Myc, HIF-1α, and NF-κB. An orthotopic implantation mouse model of BC confirmed that PHY treatment suppressed BC growth in vivo and target genes were consistently suppressed in tumor specimens. CONCLUSION The findings from our in vitro as well as in vivo studies exhibit that PHY suppresses energy metabolism as well as tumorigenesis in BC. Especially, PHY represents a promising therapeutic effect against hormone-insensitive BC (triple negative) by targeting energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea; Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseon Son
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Quantum chemical calculation studies toward microscopic understanding of retention mechanism of Cs radioisotopes and other alkali metals in lichens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8228. [PMID: 33859257 PMCID: PMC8050294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluate stability of cesium (Cs) and other alkali-metal cation complexes of lichen metabolites in both gas and aqueous phases to discuss why lichens can retain radioactive Cs in the thalli over several years. We focus on oxalic acid, (+)-usnic acid, atranorin, lecanoric acid, and protocetraric acid, which are common metabolite substances in various lichens including, e.g., Flavoparmelia caperata and Parmotrema tinctorum retaining Cs in Fukushima, Japan. By performing quantum chemical calculations, their gas-phase complexation energies and aqueous-solution complexation free energies with alkali-metal cations are computed for their neutral and deprotonated cases. Consequently, all the molecules are found to energetically favor cation complexations and the preference order is Li\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^+$$\end{document}+ for all conditions, indicating no specific Cs selectivity but strong binding with all alkali cations. Comparing complexation stabilities among these metabolites, lecanoric and protocetraric acids seen in medullary layer are found to keep higher affinity in their neutral case, while (+)-usnic acid and atranorin in upper cortex exhibit rather strong affinity only in deprotonated cases through forming stable six atoms’ ring containing alkali cation chelated by two oxygens. These results suggest that the medullary layer can catch all alkali cations in a wide pH range around the physiological one, while the upper cortex can effectively block penetration of metal ions when the metal stress grows. Such insights highlight a physiological role of metabolites like blocking of metal-cation migrations into intracellular tissues, and explain long-term retention of alkali cations including Cs in lichens containing enough such metabolites to bind them.
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14
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Tripathi AH, Negi N, Gahtori R, Kumari A, Joshi P, Tewari LM, Joshi Y, Bajpai R, Upreti DK, Upadhyay SK. A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:115-142. [PMID: 34225637 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are a composite consortium of fungus and alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world had knowledge about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite, found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant anti-proliferative potential as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study presents an overview of lichen derived extracts/compounds augmenting the anti-cancer (related) properties. METHOD The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichen extracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and EMT-inhibiting agents. RESULTS The review focuses on anti-cancer and related properties of lichen extracts and metabolites that include their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, cancer stemness reduction, activities and, the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is responsible for multiple drug-resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a large proportion of cases. CONCLUSION Lichens can be the repertoire of a plethora of lichen metabolites with putative bioactive potential, which is needed to be explored in order to find out novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Negi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Penny Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 0
| | - Lalit M Tewari
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Joshi
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Dalip K Upreti
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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15
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Lee J, Gamage CDB, Kim GJ, Hillman PF, Lee C, Lee EY, Choi H, Kim H, Nam SJ, Fenical W. Androsamide, a Cyclic Tetrapeptide from a Marine Nocardiopsis sp., Suppresses Motility of Colorectal Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3166-3172. [PMID: 32985880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic tetrapeptide, androsamide (1), was isolated from a marine actinomycete of the genus Nocardiopsis, strain CNT-189. The planar structure of 1 was assigned by the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of constituent amino acids of 1 were determined by application of the Marfey's and advanced Marfey's methods. Androsamide (1) strongly suppressed the motility of Caco2 cells caused by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Laboratories of Marine New Drugs, REDONE Seoul, Seoul 08594, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chathurika D B Gamage
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Yeungnam, Gyeongsangbukdo 38531, Republic of Korea
| | - Prima F Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo 38541, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Yeungnam, Gyeongsangbukdo 38531, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204, United States
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16
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Cytotoxicity of Potassium Salts of (+)- and (-) Usnic Acid for Paramecium caudatum. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:110-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Samuelsen L, Hansen PE, Vang O. Derivatives of usnic acid cause cytostatic effect in Caco-2 cells. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4953-4959. [PMID: 32352327 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1756796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Usnic acid has anti-cancer activity, however, low solubility and toxicity limit the potential. To investigate biological activity of usnic acid derivatives, enantiopure derivatives were synthesised by reacting usnic acid with ethylenediamine, which yielded one dimer product ((+)-1), and two tetra cyclic compounds ((+)-2 and (-)-2). The products were characterised with NMR, and evaluated in vitro in human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 by cell count, phase-contrast microscopy, MTT-assay, measurement of DNA content and cell cycle distribution. All compounds tested showed cytostatic effect in Caco-2 cells, but each compound had a distinct cellular effect. Compound (+)-1 showed anti-proliferative activity by increasing the percentage of cells in S-phase with 25% compared to the control. Compounds (+)-2 and (-)-2 induced paraptosis, but only compound (+)-2 modulated cell cycle distribution by accumulating cells in G2/M-phase by 47% and reduced DNA content by 60%. All compounds express interesting cellular and potential anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Samuelsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Vang
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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18
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Anticancer Potential of Lichens' Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010087. [PMID: 31948092 PMCID: PMC7022966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce different classes of phenolic compounds, including anthraquinones, xanthones, dibenzofuranes, depsides and depsidones. Many of them have revealed effective biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotics, antifungal, and anticancer. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating anticancer effects of lichen metabolites. The main goal of our work was to review most recent published papers dealing with anticancer activities of secondary metabolites of lichens and point out to their perspective clinical use in cancer management.
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Shi CJ, Peng W, Zhao JH, Yang HL, Qu LL, Wang C, Kong LY, Wang XB. Usnic acid derivatives as tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111961. [PMID: 31865017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of tau protein aggregation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Uncontrollable neuroinflammation and tau pathology form a vicious circle that further aggravates AD progression. Herein, we reported the synthesis of usnic acid derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory activities against tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation. The inhibitory activity of the derivatives against the self-fibrillation of the hexapeptide AcPHF6 was initially screened by ThT fluorescence assay. Using circular dichroism and transmission electron microscopy, compound 30 showed the most potent inhibitory activity against AcPHF6 self-fibrillation. Compound 30 was further confirmed to inhibit the aggregation of full-length 2N4R tau protein by a heparin-induced mechanism. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 30, and showed that compared with sodium usnate, it reduced NO release in LPS-stimulated mouse microglia BV2 cells. More importantly, 30 showed significant protective effects against okadaic acid-induced memory impairment in rats. Thus, 30 was a novel tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation inhibitor that represented a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Jian Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua-Li Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lai-Liang Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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20
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Kuhn V, Geisberger T, Huber C, Beck A, Eisenreich W. A facile in vivo procedure to analyze metabolic pathways in intact lichens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1657-1667. [PMID: 31135955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichen secondary metabolites show important biological activities as well as pharmaceutical and chemotaxonomic potential. In order to utilize such substances of interest, detailed knowledge of their biosynthetic pathways is essential. 13 CO2 -pulse/chase experiments using intact thalli of the lichen Usnea dasopoga resulted in multiple 13 C-labeled isotopologs in amino acids, but not in the dibenzofuran derivative usnic acid - one of the best-studied lichen metabolites, with considerable and renewed interest for pharmaceutical and lifestyle applications. Spraying an aqueous solution of [U-13 C6 ]glucose onto the thalli of U. dasopoga afforded a specific mixture of multiple 13 C-labeled isotopologs in usnic acid. One- and two-dimensional NMR analysis of the crude lichen extract corroborated the polyketide biosynthetic pathway via methylphloroacetophenone but not via phloroacetophenone. With usnic acid as an exemplar, we provide proof-of-principle experiments that can be used in general to study metabolic pathways and fluxes in intact lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kuhn
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Geisberger
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Department of Lichenology and Bryology, Botanische Staatssammlung München, SNSB-BSM, Menzinger Str. 67, Munich, D-80638, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
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Usnic Acid Potassium Salt: Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity and Antinociceptive Effect in Murine Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112042. [PMID: 31142045 PMCID: PMC6600509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain usnic acid potassium salt (PS-UA), the usnic acid (UA) was extracted and purified from the lichen Cladonia substellata, and modified to produce PS-UA. The structure was determined by 1H-NMR, IR and elemental analysis, ratified through computational models, as well as identification the site of K+ insertion in the molecule. Antinociceptive activity was detected through contortions in mice induced by acetic acid and formalin (phases I and II) after treatments with 10 and 20 mg/kg of PS-UA, indicating interference in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory pain. After oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, no deaths of mice with treatments below 2000 mg/kg were observed. Except for body weight gain, food and water consumption decreased with treatments of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, and the number of segmented leukocytes was higher for both treatments. Regarding serum levels, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased, however, there was an increase in hepatic transaminases with both treatments. Liver and kidney histological changes were detected in treatments of 2000 mg/kg, while the spleen was preserved. The PS-UA demonstrated antinociceptive activity while the acute toxicity at the concentration of 2000 mg/kg was the only dose that presented morphological changes in the liver and kidney.
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Gamage CDB, Park SY, Yang Y, Zhou R, Taş İ, Bae WK, Kim KK, Shim JH, Kim E, Yoon G, Kim H. Deoxypodophyllotoxin Exerts Anti-Cancer Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Induction of Apoptosis and Suppression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2612. [PMID: 31141929 PMCID: PMC6601030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) is a cyclolignan compound that exerts anti-cancer effects against various types of cancers. DPT induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of breast, brain, prostate, gastric, lung, and cervical tumors. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of DPT on cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and tumorigenesis of three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines: HT29, DLD1, and Caco2. DPT inhibited the proliferation of these cells. Specifically, the compound-induced mitotic arrest in CRC cells by destabilizing microtubules and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins (increasing Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) and decreasing B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL)) ultimately led to caspase-mediated apoptosis. In addition, DPT inhibited tumorigenesis in vitro, and in vivo skin xenograft experiments revealed that DPT significantly decreased tumor size and tumor weight. Taken together, our results suggest DPT to be a potent compound that is suitable for further exploration as a novel chemotherapeutic for human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika D B Gamage
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaeutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaeutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaeutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaeutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaeutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Philmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Goo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaeutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
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