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Amorim AS, Arnaut ZA, Mata AI, Pucelik B, Barzowska A, da Silva GJ, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Efficient and Selective, In Vitro and In Vivo, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with a Dicationic Chlorin in Combination with KI. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3368-3377. [PMID: 39150769 PMCID: PMC11406520 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Various cationic photosensitizers employed in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have the ability to photoinactivate planktonic bacteria under conditions of low phototoxicity to mammalian cells and without generating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, the photoinactivation of biofilms requires orders-of-magnitude higher photosensitizer concentrations, which become toxic to host cells. Remarkably, the bactericidal effect of a dicationic di-imidazolyl chlorin toward planktonic S. aureus and E. coli was observed in this work for concentrations below 400 nM under illumination at 660 nm and below 50 μM for the corresponding biofilms. At the latter concentrations, the chlorin is phototoxic toward human keratinocyte cells. However, in the presence of 50 mM KI, bactericidal concentrations are reduced to less than 50 nM for planktonic bacteria and to less than 1 μM for biofilms. It is shown that the potentiation with KI involves the triiodide anion. This potentiation elicits a bactericidal effect without appreciable cytotoxicity to keratinocytes. It becomes possible to selectively inactivate biofilms with aPDT. An exploratory study treating mice with wounds infected with E. coli expressing GFP with 20 μM chlorin and 120 J cm-2 at 652 nm confirmed the potential of this chlorin to control localized infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Amorim
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Zoe A Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Ana I Mata
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Kraków Institute of Technology, Kraków 30-418, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Kraków Institute of Technology, Kraków 30-418, Poland
| | - Gabriela J da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
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Kulišová M, Rabochová M, Lorinčík J, Maťátková O, Brányik T, Hrudka J, Scholtz V, Jarošová Kolouchová I. Comparative assessment of UV-C radiation and non-thermal plasma for inactivation of foodborne fungal spores suspension in vitro. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16835-16845. [PMID: 38784412 PMCID: PMC11114098 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination poses a persistent challenge to industries, particularly in food, healthcare, and clinical sectors, due to the remarkable resilience of fungi in withstanding conventional control methods. In this context, our research delves into the comparative efficacy of UV radiation and non-thermal plasma (NTP) on key foodborne fungal contaminants - Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium graminearum. The study examined the impact of varying doses of UV radiation on the asexual spores of all mentioned fungal strains. Simultaneously, the study compared the effects of UV radiation and NTP on the metabolic activity of cells after spore germination and their subsequent germination ability. The results revealed that UV-C radiation (254 nm) did not significantly suppress the metabolic activity of cells after spore germination. In contrast, NTP exhibited almost 100% effectiveness on both selected spores and their subsequent germination, except for A. niger. In the case of A. niger, the effectiveness of UV-C and NTP was nearly comparable, showing only a 35% decrease in metabolic activity after 48 hours of germination, while the other strains (A. alternata, F. culmorum, F. graminearum) exhibited a reduction of more than 95%. SEM images illustrate the morphological changes in structure of all tested spores after both treatments. This study addresses a crucial gap in existing literature, offering insights into the adaptation possibilities of treated cells and emphasizing the importance of considering exposure duration and nutrient conditions (introduction of fresh medium). The results highlighted the promising antimicrobial potential of NTP, especially for filamentous fungi, paving the way for enhanced sanitation processes with diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kulišová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Biotechnology Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Rabochová
- Research Centre Rez, Department of Material Analysis Hlavní 130, 250 68, Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering nám. Sítná 3105 272 01 Kladno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lorinčík
- Research Centre Rez, Department of Material Analysis Hlavní 130, 250 68, Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Olga Maťátková
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Biotechnology Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Brányik
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting Lípová 15 120 44 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrudka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Physics and Measurements Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Scholtz
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Physics and Measurements Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Irena Jarošová Kolouchová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Biotechnology Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 Prague Czech Republic
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Luo Q, Liu C, Zhang A, Zhang D. Research progress in photodynamic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13068. [PMID: 38497573 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogenic microorganism that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and can lead to various gastric disorders, including gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori has prompted the search for alternative treatment options. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a potential alternative therapy, thus offering the advantage of avoiding some of the side effects associated with antibiotics and effectively targeting drug-resistant strains. In the postantibiotic era, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as a novel treatment for H. pylori infection. This review focused on elucidating the mechanism of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of H. pylori. Additionally, we present an overview of the current research on photodynamic therapy by examining both standalone photodynamic therapy and combination therapies for H. pylori infection treatment. Furthermore, the safety profile of photodynamic therapy was also evaluated. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this innovative technology, with an aim to provide new insights and methodologies for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Sensor Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sensor and Sensing Technology of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Du M, Li F, Hu Y. A Uniform Design Method Can Optimize the Combinatorial Parameters of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Including the Concentrations of Methylene Blue and Potassium Iodide, Light Dose, and Methylene Blue's Incubation Time, to Improve Fungicidal Effects on Candida Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2557. [PMID: 37894215 PMCID: PMC10609332 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against Candida species have never been defined. This study aimed to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT, including the concentrations of MB (X1, 0.1-1.0 mM) and KI (X2, 100-400 mM), light dose (X3, 10-70 J/cm2), and MB's incubation time (X4, 5-35 min) for three Candida species. The best MB + KI-aPDT fungicidal effects (Y) against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (YCa), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (YCp), and Candida glabrata ATCC 2950 (YCg) were investigated using a uniform design method. The regression models deduced using this method were YCa = 7.126 + 1.199X1X3 - 1.742X12 + 0.206X22 - 0.361X32; YCp = 10.724 - 0.867X1 - 1.497X2 + 0.560X3 + 1.298X22; and YCg = 0.892 - 0.956X1 + 2.296X3 + 1.299X42 - 3.316X3X4. The optimal combinatorial parameters inferred from the regression equations were MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 20 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida albicans; MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 70 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida parapsilosis; MB 0.1 mM, KI 100 mM, a light dose of 10 J/cm2, and a 35-minute incubation time of MB for Candida glabrata. The uniform design method can optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT mediated by MB plus KI to obtain the best aPDT fungicidal effects on Candida species, providing a new method to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT for different pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
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Shi YG, Chen WX, Zheng MZ, Zhao YX, Wang YR, Chu YH, Du ST, Shi ZY, Gu Q, Chen JS. Ultraefficient OG-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation Mechanism for Ablation of Bacteria and Biofilms in Water Augmented by Potassium Iodide under Blue Light Irradiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13672-13687. [PMID: 37671932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
While photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel sterilization strategy for drinking water treatment that recently attracted tremendous attention, its efficiency needs to be further improved. In this study, we aimed to clarify the ultraefficient mechanism by which potassium iodide (KI) potentiates octyl gallate (OG)-mediated PDI against bacteria and biofilms in water. When OG (0.15 mM) and bacteria were exposed to blue light (BL, 420 nm, 210 mW/cm2), complete sterilization (>7.5 Log cfu/mL of killing) was achieved by the addition of KI (250 mM) within only 5 min (63.9 J/cm2). In addition, at lower doses of OG (0.1 mM) with KI (100 mM), the biofilm was completely eradicated within 10 min (127.8 J/cm2). The KI-potentiated mechanism involves in situ rapid photogeneration of a multitude of reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radicals (•OH), reactive iodine species, and new photocytocidal substances (quinone) by multiple photochemical pathways, which led to the destruction of cell membranes and membrane proteins, the cleavage of genomic DNA and extracellular DNA within biofilms, and the degradation of QS signaling molecules. This multitarget synergistic strategy provided new insights into the development of an environmentally friendly, safe, and ultraefficient photodynamic drinking water sterilization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Shi
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Zhi Zheng
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Xin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102 Taiwan, China
| | - Shao-Ting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ze-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-She Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035 Zhejiang, China
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Santamarina SC, Alvarez MG, Heredia DA, Durantini EN. Porphycenes as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers. Potentiation with potassium iodide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gricajeva A, Buchovec I, Kalėdienė L, Badokas K, Vitta P. Riboflavin- and chlorophyllin-based antimicrobial photoinactivation of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1006723. [PMID: 36262183 PMCID: PMC9575555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1006723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Brevundimonas spp. are globally emerging opportunistic pathogens that can be dangerous to individuals with underlying medical conditions and for those who are immunocompromised. Gram-negative Brevundimonas spp. can form resilient sessile biofilms and are found not only in different confined terrestrial settings (e.g., hospitals) but are also frequently detected in spacecraft which is inhabited by astronauts that can have altered immunity. Therefore, Brevundimonas spp. pose a serious health hazard in different environments, especially in its biofilm form. Conventional antimicrobials applied to disrupt, inactivate, or prevent biofilm formation have limited efficiency and applicability in different closed-loop systems. Therefore, new, effective, and safe biofilm control technologies are in high demand. The present work aimed to investigate antimicrobial photoinactivation (API) of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 monocultural biofilms mediated by non-toxic, natural photosensitizers such as riboflavin (RF) and chlorophyllin (Chl) with an emphasis of this technology as an example to be safely used in closed-loop systems such as spacecraft. The present study showed that Chl-based API had a bactericidal effect on Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms at twice the lower irradiation doses than was needed when applying RF-based API. Long-term API based on RF and Chl using 450 nm low irradiance plate has also been studied in this work as a more practically applicable API method. The ability of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms to reduce alamarBlue™ and regrowth analysis have revealed that after the applied photoinactivation, bacteria can enter a viable but non-culturable state with no ability to resuscitate in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazimieras Badokas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pranciškus Vitta
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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López-Fernández AM, Moisescu EE, de Llanos R, Galindo F. Development of a Polymeric Film Entrapping Rose Bengal and Iodide Anion for the Light-Induced Generation and Release of Bactericidal Hydrogen Peroxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710162. [PMID: 36077560 PMCID: PMC9478968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) thin films entrapping photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) have been synthetized. The materials have been characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and UV-vis Absorption spectroscopy. Irradiation of the materials with white light led to the generation of several bactericidal species, including singlet oxygen (1O2), triiodide anion (I3-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 1O2 production was demonstrated spectroscopically by reaction with the chemical trap 2,2'-(anthracene-9,10-diylbis(methylene))dimalonic acid (ABDA). In addition, the reaction of iodide anion with 1O2 yielded I3- inside the polymeric matrix. This reaction is accompanied by the formation of H2O2, which diffuses out the polymeric matrix. Generation of both I3- and H2O2 was demonstrated spectroscopically (directly in the case of triiodide by the absorption at 360 nm and indirectly for H2O2 using the xylenol orange test). A series of photodynamic inactivation assays were conducted with the synthesized polymers against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Complete eradication (7 log10 CFU/mL) of both bacteria occurred after only 5 min of white light irradiation (400-700 nm; total energy dose 24 J/cm2) of the polymer containing both RB and TBAI. The control polymer without embedded iodide (only RB) showed only marginal reductions of ca. 0.5 log10 CFU/mL. The main novelty of the present investigation is the generation of three bactericidal species (1O2, I3- and H2O2) at the same time using a single polymeric material containing all the elements needed to produce such a bactericidal cocktail, although the most relevant antimicrobial activity is shown by H2O2. This experimental approach avoids multistep protocols involving a final step of addition of I-, as described previously for other assays in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. López-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Evelina E. Moisescu
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- Unidad Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.L.); (F.G.)
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Bispo M, Suhani S, van Dijl JM. Empowering antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infections with potassium iodide. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112334. [PMID: 34678616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), impose a great burden on global healthcare systems. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to fight staphylococcal infections, such as targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). We recently reported that targeted aPDT with the S. aureus-specific immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX can be effectively applied to eradicate MRSA. Nonetheless, the efficacy of aPDT in the human body may be diminished by powerful antioxidant activities. In particular, we observed that the efficacy of aPDT with 1D9-700DX towards MRSA was reduced in human plasma. Here we show that this antagonistic effect can be attributed to human serum albumin, which represents the largest pool of free thiols in plasma for trapping reactive oxygen species. Importantly, we also show that our targeted aPDT approach with 1D9-700DX can be empowered by the non-toxic inorganic salt potassium iodide (KI), which reacts with the singlet oxygen produced upon aPDT, resulting in the formation of free iodine. The targeted iodine formation allows full eradication of MRSA (more than 6-log reduction) without negatively affecting other non-targeted bacterial species or human cells. Altogether, we show that the addition of KI allows a drastic reduction of both the amount of the immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX and the irradiation time needed for effective elimination of MRSA by aPDT in the presence of human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bispo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Suhani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Du M, Xuan W, Zhen X, He L, Lan L, Yang S, Wu N, Qin J, Zhao R, Qin J, Lan J, Lu H, Liang C, Li Y, R Hamblin M, Huang L. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for oral Candida infection in adult AIDS patients: A pilot clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102310. [PMID: 33901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI) has been shown to be effective in killing Candida albicans in many in vitro and in vivo studies, however, there are limited reports of clinical investigations. This study aimed to explore the clinical application of aPDT with MB plus KI for the treatment of oral infection caused by C. albicans in adult acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS A total of 21 adult AIDS patients with C. albicans oral candidiasis were divided into two groups according to MB concentration and received two consecutive aPDT treatments. Immediately before and after the aPDT treatments, C. albicans yeast isolates were recovered to measure the colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL), biofilm formation, and to analyze the 25S rDNA genotype. Patients were assessed for the clinical recovery of oral lesions and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS The Log10 CFU/mL of C. albicans decreased significantly after the second aPDT but not the first aPDT. There was no significant difference between the two MB concentrations. Both aPDT protocols decreased the oral lesions and clinical symptoms with no significant difference after 2-fraction aPDT. The biofilm formation of C. albicans isolates did not change before and after aPDT. The killing efficiency of 2-fraction-aPDT was not associated with either biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Two-fraction-aPDT with MB plus KI could reduce the number of viable C. albicans fungal cells and improve the clinical symptoms of oral candidiasis in adult AIDS patients, regardless of the biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype of infected C. albicans isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530201, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lina Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Nianning Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jinmei Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jianglong Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Cuijin Liang
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Santos MRE, Mendonça PV, Branco R, Sousa R, Dias C, Serra AC, Fernandes JR, Magalhães FD, Morais PV, Coelho JFJ. Light-Activated Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Industrial Varnish Formulations to Mitigate the Incidence of Nosocomial Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7567-7579. [PMID: 33538168 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that hospital surfaces are one of the major vehicles of nosocomial infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Smart surface coatings presenting multiple antimicrobial activity mechanisms have emerged as an advanced approach to safely prevent this type of infection. In this work, industrial waterborne polyurethane varnish formulations containing for the first time cationic polymeric biocides (SPBs) combined with photosensitizer curcumin were developed to afford contact-active and light-responsive antimicrobial surfaces. SPBs were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which allows control over the polymer features that influence antimicrobial efficiency (e.g., molecular weight), while natural curcumin was employed to impart photodynamic activity to the surface. Antibacterial testing against Gram-negative Escherichia coli revealed that glass surfaces coated with the new formulations displayed photokilling effect under white-light (42 mW/cm2) irradiation within only 15 min of exposure. In addition, it was observed a combined antimicrobial effect between the two biocides (cationic SPB and curcumin), with a higher reduction in the number of viable bacteria observed for the surfaces containing cationic SPB/curcumin mixtures in comparison with the one obtained for surfaces only with polymer or without biocides. The waterborne industrial varnish formulations allowed the formation of homogeneous films without the need for addition of a coalescing agent, which can be potentially applied in diverse surface substrates to reduce bacterial transmission infections in healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson R E Santos
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Branco
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ruben Sousa
- LEPABE Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José R Fernandes
- Centre for Chemistry, Vila Real (CQVR), Physics Department, School of Science and Technology (ECT), University of Trás-dos-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- LEPABE Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Morais
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Bispo M, Anaya-Sanchez A, Suhani S, Raineri EJM, López-Álvarez M, Heuker M, Szymański W, Romero Pastrana F, Buist G, Horswill AR, Francis KP, van Dam GM, van Oosten M, van Dijl JM. Fighting Staphylococcus aureus infections with light and photoimmunoconjugates. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139512. [PMID: 33048846 PMCID: PMC7710284 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Resistant lineages were previously confined to hospitals but are now also causing infections among healthy individuals in the community. It is therefore imperative to explore therapeutic avenues that are less prone to raise drug resistance compared with today’s antibiotics. An opportunity to achieve this ambitious goal could be provided by targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which relies on the combination of a bacteria-specific targeting agent and light-induced generation of ROS by an appropriate photosensitizer. Here, we conjugated the near-infrared photosensitizer IRDye700DX to a fully human mAb, specific for the invariantly expressed staphylococcal antigen immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A (IsaA). The resulting immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX was characterized biochemically and in preclinical infection models. As demonstrated in vitro, in vivo, and in a human postmortem orthopedic implant infection model, targeted aPDT with 1D9-700DX is highly effective. Importantly, combined with the nontoxic aPDT-enhancing agent potassium iodide, 1D9-700DX overcomes the antioxidant properties of human plasma and fully eradicates high titers of MRSA. We show that the developed immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX targets MRSA and kills it upon illumination with red light, without causing collateral damage to human cells. An immunoconjugate for targeted photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infections kills MRSA with high efficacy upon illumination with red light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wiktor Szymański
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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13
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De Silva P, Saad MA, Thomsen HC, Bano S, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy, priming and optical imaging: Potential co-conspirators in treatment design and optimization - a Thomas Dougherty Award for Excellence in PDT paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020; 24:1320-1360. [PMID: 37425217 PMCID: PMC10327884 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a photochemistry-based approach, approved for the treatment of several malignant and non-malignant pathologies. It relies on the use of a non-toxic, light activatable chemical, photosensitizer, which preferentially accumulates in tissues/cells and, upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light, confers cytotoxicity by generation of reactive molecular species. The preferential accumulation however is not universal and, depending on the anatomical site, the ratio of tumor to normal tissue may be reversed in favor of normal tissue. Under such circumstances, control of the volume of light illumination provides a second handle of selectivity. Singlet oxygen is the putative favorite reactive molecular species although other entities such as nitric oxide have been credibly implicated. Typically, most photosensitizers in current clinical use have a finite quantum yield of fluorescence which is exploited for surgery guidance and can also be incorporated for monitoring and treatment design. In addition, the photodynamic process alters the cellular, stromal, and/or vascular microenvironment transiently in a process termed photodynamic priming, making it more receptive to subsequent additional therapies including chemo- and immunotherapy. Thus, photodynamic priming may be considered as an enabling technology for the more commonly used frontline treatments. Recently, there has been an increase in the exploitation of the theranostic potential of photodynamic therapy in different preclinical and clinical settings with the use of new photosensitizer formulations and combinatorial therapeutic options. The emergence of nanomedicine has further added to the repertoire of photodynamic therapy's potential and the convergence and co-evolution of these two exciting tools is expected to push the barriers of smart therapies, where such optical approaches might have a special niche. This review provides a perspective on current status of photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer and anti-microbial therapies and it suggests how evolving technologies combined with photochemically-initiated molecular processes may be exploited to become co-conspirators in optimization of treatment outcomes. We also project, at least for the short term, the direction that this modality may be taking in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanna C. Thomsen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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14
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Castro KADF, Brancini GTP, Costa LD, Biazzotto JC, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A, Hamblin MR, da Silva RS, Braga GÚL. Efficient photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans by porphyrin and potassium iodide co-encapsulation in micelles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1063-1071. [PMID: 32613213 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of bacterial and fungal pathogens is a promising alternative to the extensive use of conventional single-target antibiotics and antifungal agents. The combination of photosensitizers and adjuvants can improve the photodynamic inactivation efficiency. In this regard, it has been shown that the use of potassium iodide (KI) as adjuvant increases pathogen killing. Following our interest in this topic, we performed the co-encapsulation of a neutral porphyrin photosensitizer (designated as P1) and KI into micelles and tested the obtained nanoformulations against the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The results of this study showed that the micelles containing P1 and KI displayed a better photodynamic performance towards C. albicans than P1 and KI in solution. It is noteworthy that higher concentrations of KI within the micelles resulted in increased killing of C. albicans. Subcellular localization studies by confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that P1 was localized in the cell cytoplasm, but not in the nuclei or mitochondria. Overall, our results show that a nanoformulation containing a photosensitizer plus an adjuvant is a promising approach for increasing the efficiency of photodynamic treatment. Actually, the use of this strategy allows a considerable decrease in the amount of both photosensitizer and adjuvant required to achieve pathogen killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leticia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graca P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, 2028, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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15
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Biofunctionalization of Textile Materials. 3. Fabrication of Poly(lactide)-Potassium Iodide Composites with Antifungal Properties. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a method of obtaining poly(lactide) (PLA) nonwoven fabrics with antifungal properties using potassium iodide as a nonwoven modifying agent. PLA nonwoven fabrics were obtained by the melt-blown technique and subsequently surface modified (PLA→PLA-SM-KI) by the dip-coating method. The analysis of these PLA-SM-KI (0.1%–2%) composites included Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV/VIS transmittance, FTIR spectrometry and air permeability. The nonwovens were subjected to microbial activity tests against Aspergillus niger fungal mold species, exhibiting substantial antifungal activity. The studies showed that PLA-KI hybrids containing 2% KI have appropriate mechanical properties, morphology and demanded antimicrobial properties to be further developed as a potential antimicrobial, biodegradable material.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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17
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Jiang Q, E F, Tian J, Yang J, Zhang J, Cheng Y. Light-Excited Antibiotics for Potentiating Bacterial Killing via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16150-16158. [PMID: 32202405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The irrational or excessive use of antibiotics causes the emergence of bacterial resistance, making antibiotics less effective or ineffective. As the number of resistant antibiotics increases, it is crucial to develop new strategies and innovative approaches to potentiate the efficacy of existing antibiotics. In this paper, we report that some existing antibiotics can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly under light irradiation. Thus, a novel antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) strategy is proposed by using existing antibiotics for which the activities are potentiated via light-activation. This antibiotic-based PDT strategy can achieve efficient bacteria killing with a low dosage of antibiotics, indicating that bacterial killing can be enhanced by the light-irradiated antibiotics. Moreover, the specific types of ROS produced by different antibiotics under light irradiation were studied for better elucidation of the antibacterial mechanism. The findings can extend the application of existing antibiotics and provide a promising strategy for treatment of bacterial infections and even cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Fangjie E
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jingxiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
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18
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Oxygen-Independent Antimicrobial Photoinactivation: Type III Photochemical Mechanism? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020053. [PMID: 32023978 PMCID: PMC7168166 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the early work of the 1900s it has been axiomatic that photodynamic action requires the presence of sufficient ambient oxygen. The Type I photochemical pathway involves electron transfer reactions leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals), while the Type II pathway involves energy transfer from the PS (photosensitizer) triplet state, leading to production of reactive singlet oxygen. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the possibility of oxygen-independent photoinactivation leading to the killing of pathogenic bacteria, which may be termed the "Type III photochemical pathway". Psoralens can be photoactivated by ultraviolet A (UVA) light to produce DNA monoadducts and inter-strand cross-links that kill bacteria and may actually be more effective in the absence of oxygen. Tetracyclines can function as light-activated antibiotics, working by a mixture of oxygen-dependent and oxygen independent pathways. Again, covalent adducts may be formed in bacterial ribosomes. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by addition of several different inorganic salts, and in the case of potassium iodide and sodium azide, bacterial killing can be achieved in the absence of oxygen. The proposed mechanism involves photoinduced electron transfer that produces reactive inorganic radicals. These new approaches might be useful to treat anaerobic infections or infections in hypoxic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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19
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Yuan L, Lyu P, Huang YY, Du N, Qi W, Hamblin MR, Wang Y. Potassium iodide enhances the photobactericidal effect of methylene blue on Enterococcus faecalis as planktonic cells and as biofilm infection in teeth. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111730. [PMID: 31855718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effectiveness, biosafety, photobleaching and mechanism of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI), for root canal infections. METHODS Different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI and 660 nm LED light were used against E. faecalis in planktonic and in biofilm states by colony-forming unit (CFU), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were used for safety testing by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and fluorescence microscopy (FLM). The photobleaching effect and mechanisms were analyzed. RESULTS KI could not only enhance MB aPDT on E. faecalis in both planktonic and biofilm states even in a hypoxic environment, but also produced a long-lasting bactericidal effect after end of the illumination. KI could accelerate photobleaching to reduce tooth staining by MB, and the mixture was harmless for HGFs. Mechanistic studies showed the generation of hydrogen peroxide and free iodine, and iodine radicals may be formed in hypoxia. CONCLUSION aPDT with MB plus KI could be used for root canal disinfection and clinical studies are worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintian Yuan
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peijun Lyu
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ning Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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20
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Alam ST, Le TAN, Park JS, Kwon HC, Kang K. Antimicrobial Biophotonic Treatment of Ampicillin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Hypericin and Ampicillin Cotreatment Followed by Orange Light. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E641. [PMID: 31805742 PMCID: PMC6956302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an alarming global issue that requires alternative antimicrobial methods to which there is no resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a well-known method to combat this problem for many pathogens, especially Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Hypericin and orange light APDT efficiently kill Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and the yeast Candida albicans. Although Gram-positive bacteria and many fungi are readily killed with APDT, Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to kill due to their different cell wall structures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic, life-threatening Gram-negative pathogens. However, it cannot be killed successfully by hypericin and orange light APDT. P. aeruginosa is ampicillin resistant, but we hypothesized that ampicillin could still damage the cell wall, which can promote photosensitizer uptake into Gram-negative cells. Using hypericin and ampicillin cotreatment followed by orange light, a significant reduction (3.4 log) in P. aeruginosa PAO1 was achieved. P. aeruginosa PAO1 inactivation and gut permeability improvement by APDT were successfully shown in a Caenorhabditis elegans model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemi Tasnim Alam
- Natural Products Informatics Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; (S.T.A.); (T.A.N.L.); (J.-S.P.); (H.C.K.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
| | - Tram Anh Ngoc Le
- Natural Products Informatics Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; (S.T.A.); (T.A.N.L.); (J.-S.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Natural Products Informatics Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; (S.T.A.); (T.A.N.L.); (J.-S.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- Natural Products Informatics Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; (S.T.A.); (T.A.N.L.); (J.-S.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Natural Products Informatics Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; (S.T.A.); (T.A.N.L.); (J.-S.P.); (H.C.K.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
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21
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Tetracyclines: light-activated antibiotics? Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2427-2445. [PMID: 31544504 PMCID: PMC6785754 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines are well established antibiotics but show phototoxicity as a side effect. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation uses nontoxic dyes combined with harmless light to destroy microbial cells by reactive oxygen species. Tetracyclines (demeclocycline and doxycycline) can act as light-activated antibiotics by binding to bacterial cells and killing them only upon illumination. The remaining tetracyclines can prevent bacterial regrowth after illumination has ceased. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by potassium iodide. Azide quenched the formation of iodine, but not hydrogen peroxide. Demeclotetracycline (but not doxycycline) iodinated tyrosine after light activation in the presence of potassium iodide. Bacteria are killed by photoactivation of tetracyclines in the absence of oxygen. Since topical tetracyclines are already used clinically, blue light activation may increase the bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
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22
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Sułek A, Pucelik B, Kuncewicz J, Dubin G, Dąbrowski JM. Sensitization of TiO2 by halogenated porphyrin derivatives for visible light biomedical and environmental photocatalysis. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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