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Nedospasov SA, Kruglov AA, Tumanov AV, Drutskaya MS, Astrakhantseva IV, Kuprash DV. Reverse Genetics Applied to Immunobiology of Tumor Necrosis Factor, a Multifunctional Cytokine. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:853-861. [PMID: 38880646 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of many cytokines - protein molecules responsible for communication between the cells of immune system. TNF was discovered and given its grand name because of its striking antitumor effects in experimental systems, but its main physiological functions in the context of whole organism turned out to be completely unrelated to protection against tumors. This short review discusses "man-made" mouse models generated by early genome-editing technologies, which enabled us to establish true functions of TNF in health and certain diseases as well as to unravel potential strategies for improving therapy of TNF-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Nedospasov
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Kruglov
- Laboratory of Systems Rheumatology, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 79229, USA
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Irina V Astrakhantseva
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuprash
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Chowkwale M, Lindsey ML, Saucerman JJ. Intercellular model predicts mechanisms of inflammation-fibrosis coupling after myocardial infarction. J Physiol 2022:10.1113/JP283346. [PMID: 35862254 PMCID: PMC9859968 DOI: 10.1113/jp283346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac cells work together to regulate wound healing of the infarct. The pathological response to MI yields cardiac remodelling comprising inflammatory and fibrosis phases, and the interplay of cellular dynamics that underlies these phases has not been elucidated. This study developed a computational model to identify cytokine and cellular dynamics post-MI to predict mechanisms driving post-MI inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and scar formation. Additionally, this study evaluated the interdependence between inflammation and fibrosis. Our model bypassed limitations of in vivo approaches in achieving cellular specificity and performing specific perturbations such as global knockouts of chemical factors. The model predicted that inflammation is a graded response to initial infarct size that is amplified by a positive feedback loop between neutrophils and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Resolution of inflammation was driven by degradation of IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), as well as apoptosis of neutrophils. Inflammation regulated TGFβ secretion directly through immune cell recruitment and indirectly through upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis. Lastly, we found that mature collagen deposition was an ultrasensitive switch in response to inflammation, which was amplified primarily by cardiac fibroblast proliferation. These findings describe the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis and highlight how the two responses work together post-MI. This model revealed that post-MI inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, which provides rationale for designing novel anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving or anti-fibrotic therapies that may improve the response to MI. KEY POINTS: Inflammation and matrix remodelling are two processes involved in wound healing after a heart attack. Cardiac cells work together to facilitate these processes; this is done by secreting cytokines that then regulate the cells themselves or other cells surrounding them. This study developed a computational model of the dynamics of cardiac cells and cytokines to predict mechanisms through which inflammation and matrix remodelling is regulated. We show the roles of various cytokines and signalling motifs in driving inflammation, resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. The novel concept of inflammation-fibrosis coupling, based on the model prediction that inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, provides rationale for future studies and for designing therapeutics to improve the response after a heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukti Chowkwale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN,Research Service, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Critical Considerations in Bioluminescence Imaging of Transplanted Islets: Dynamic Signal Change in Early Posttransplant Phase and Signal Absorption by Tissues. Pancreas 2022; 51:234-242. [PMID: 35584380 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In pancreatic islet transplantation studies, bioluminescence imaging enables quantitative and noninvasive tracking of graft survival. Amid the recent heightened interest in extrahepatic sites for islet and stem cell-derived beta-like cell transplantations, proper understanding the nature of bioluminescence imaging in these sites is important. METHODS Islets isolated from Firefly rats ubiquitously expressing luciferase reporter gene in Lewis rats were transplanted into subcutaneous or kidney capsule sites of wild-type Lewis rats or immunodeficient mice. Posttransplant changes of bioluminescence signal curves and absorption of bioluminescence signal in transplantation sites were examined. RESULTS The bioluminescence signal curve dynamically changed in the early posttransplantation phase; the signal was low within the first 5 days after transplantation. A substantial amount of bioluminescence signal was absorbed by tissues surrounding islet grafts, correlating to the depth of the transplanted site from the skin surface. Grafts in kidney capsules were harder to image than those in the subcutaneous site. Within the kidney capsule, locations that minimized depth from the skin surface improved the graft detectability. CONCLUSIONS Posttransplant phase and graft location/depth critically impact the bioluminescence images captured in islet transplantation studies. Understanding these parameters is critical for reducing experimental biases and proper interpretation of data.
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Papoutsopoulou S, Pollock L, Walker C, Tench W, Samad SS, Bergey F, Lenzi L, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Rosenstiel P, Alam MT, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Müller W, Campbell BJ. Impact of Interleukin 10 Deficiency on Intestinal Epithelium Responses to Inflammatory Signals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690817. [PMID: 34220850 PMCID: PMC8244292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic, anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role in the intestine. Although its production by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has been extensively studied, its intrinsic role in intestinal epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, we utilised both ATAC sequencing and RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional response of murine enteroids to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). We identified that the key early phase drivers of the transcriptional response to TNF within intestinal epithelium were NFκB transcription factor dependent. Using wild-type and Il10-/- enteroid cultures, we showed an intrinsic, intestinal epithelium specific effect of IL-10 deficiency on TNF-induced gene transcription, with significant downregulation of identified NFκB target genes Tnf, Ccl20, and Cxcl10, and delayed overexpression of NFκB inhibitor encoding genes, Nfkbia and Tnfaip3. IL-10 deficiency, or immunoblockade of IL-10 receptor, impacted on TNF-induced endogenous NFκB activity and downstream NFκB target gene transcription. Intestinal epithelium-derived IL-10 appears to play a crucial role as a positive regulator of the canonical NFκB pathway, contributing to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. This is particularly important in the context of an inflammatory environment and highlights the potential for future tissue-targeted IL-10 therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Liam Pollock
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Walker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William Tench
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sakim Shakh Samad
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research (CGR), Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Phillip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tauqeer Alam
- Warwick Medical School, Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform (RTP), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vitor A. P. Martins Dos Santos
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Werner Müller
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J. Campbell
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Lloyd K, Papoutsopoulou S, Smith E, Stegmaier P, Bergey F, Morris L, Kittner M, England H, Spiller D, White MHR, Duckworth CA, Campbell BJ, Poroikov V, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Kel A, Muller W, Pritchard DM, Probert C, Burkitt MD. Using systems medicine to identify a therapeutic agent with potential for repurposing in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044040. [PMID: 32958515 PMCID: PMC7710021 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Aberrant NF-κB signalling is strongly associated with these conditions, and several established drugs influence the NF-κB signalling network to exert their effect. This study aimed to identify drugs that alter NF-κB signalling and could be repositioned for use in IBD. The SysmedIBD Consortium established a novel drug-repurposing pipeline based on a combination of in silico drug discovery and biological assays targeted at demonstrating an impact on NF-κB signalling, and a murine model of IBD. The drug discovery algorithm identified several drugs already established in IBD, including corticosteroids. The highest-ranked drug was the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin, which has previously been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in aseptic conditions. The effects of clarithromycin effects were validated in several experiments: it influenced NF-κB-mediated transcription in murine peritoneal macrophages and intestinal enteroids; it suppressed NF-κB protein shuttling in murine reporter enteroids; it suppressed NF-κB (p65) DNA binding in the small intestine of mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide; and it reduced the severity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Clarithromycin also suppressed NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation in human intestinal enteroids. These findings demonstrate that in silico drug repositioning algorithms can viably be allied to laboratory validation assays in the context of IBD, and that further clinical assessment of clarithromycin in the management of IBD is required.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lloyd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Emily Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hazel England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dave Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mike H R White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | | | | | | | - Werner Muller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris Probert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Espaladori MC, Diniz JMB, de Brito LCN, Tavares WLF, Kawai T, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Selenium intracanal dressing: effects on the periapical immune response. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2951-2958. [PMID: 33026524 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the selenium (Se) behavior when used as an endodontic dressing in teeth with pulp necrosis. Additionally, its effects was also compared with the calcium hydroxide (C.H.), which is used globally as a root canal dressing, and the combination of the C.H. with Se (C.H. + Se). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 60 patients requiring endodontic treatment who were divided into groups, i.e., without intracanal medication (empty) and with medications as follows: selenium (Se), calcium hydroxide (C.H.), and calcium hydroxide + selenium (C.H. + Se) (n = 15). After the coronary opening, three absorbent paper points were placed in the RCS and maintained for 2 min for microbial evaluation. Following the cleaning and shaping procedures, new paper points were introduced into the root canal system, passing passively through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 2 min, for immune evaluation. The collections were performed again 15 days later. Real-time PCR quantified the expression of the prokaryotic 16S ribosomal RNA. The 16S mRNA was evaluated before the cleaning and shaping procedures and 15 days later in the groups treated with or without medication. RESULTS A significant reduction in the microbial load was observed only in the groups that received endodontic dressing (p < 0.05). The cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-17A, IL-10, IL-6 and MCP-1, were also quantified by real-time PCR. There was an increase in the gene expression level of the cytokines (T15) TNF-α and IL-10 in the C.H. group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The IFN-γ mRNA expression was reduced in the groups treated with the medications (Se, C.H., and C.H. + Se). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that in the case of treatment over multiple sessions, the use of root canal dressing is essential to avoid the root canal system (RCS) microbial recolonization. Selenium potentiated the effects of calcium hydroxide inducing an anti-inflammatory response in periapical tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Se is a mineral essential for the formation of the amino acid selenocysteine, which is directly involved in the maintenance of the immune response. Selenium has been widely used in the medical field in the treatment of cancer, as an activator of bone metabolism, and as a stimulator of the immune system. In this study, it was shown that the incorporation of Se, whether as intracanal medication alone or in conjunction with other medications, may potentiate periapical tissue repair after RCS cleaning and shaping procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Mourão Braga Diniz
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Toshihisa Kawai
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Fischer A, Manske K, Seissler J, Wohlleber D, Simm N, Wolf-van Buerck L, Knolle P, Schnieke A, Fischer K. Cytokine-inducible promoters to drive dynamic transgene expression: The "Smart Graft" strategy. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12634. [PMID: 32808410 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitous expression of T-cell regulatory transgenes such as the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) or the high-affinity variant LEA29Y improves xeno graft survival. Such donor pigs are however immunocompromised and susceptible to infection. Continous high expression of CTLA4 or LEA29Y in the graft could also compromise the health status of recipients. The novel "Smart Graft" strategy is likely to avoid these problems by controlling the expression of T-cell regulatory transgenes as and when required. METHODS Candidate promoters inducible by inflammatory cytokines were identified by in silico screening for potential NF-κB binding sites. Basal promoter levels and responsiveness to TNFα and IL1ß were quantified by expression of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase in cultured cells. Promoters were modified to increase responsiveness by removing regulatory elements or adding SP-1 or NF-κB binding sites and again tested in vitro. The most promising promoters were then assessed in vivo. Porcine cells expressing inducible Renilla luciferase constructs were transplanted into immunodeficient NOD-Scid-IL2 receptor gammanull (NSG) mice. Following engraftment, the recipient's immune system was reconstituted by splenocyte transfer raising an immune response to the porcine xenograft. The resulting induction of promoter activity was detected by in vivo bioimaging. RESULTS Three human (hTNFAIP1, hVCAM1 and hCCL2), and one porcine promoter (pA20) were chosen for in vitro tests. In all experiments, the semi-synthetic and inducible ELAM promoter as well as the CAG promoter were used as references. In contrast to hTNFAIP1 and hVCAM1 the ELAM, hCCL2 and pA20 promoters showed significant induction after cytokine challenge. The hCCL2 and pA20 promoters were further optimized, resulting in increased responsiveness to TNFα and IL1ß. Cytokine-dependent upregulation of promoter activity was tested in vivo, where the ELAM and the optimized hCCL2 promoters showed a 2-fold upregulation, while one of the improved A20 promoters showed almost 10-fold upregulation. Our results also revealed more than 4-fold cytokine inducibility of the CAG promoter. CONCLUSION This is the first in vivo comparison of existing and newly designed cytokine-inducible promoters. Optimization of promoter structure resulted in almost 10-fold inducibility of promoter activity. Such a rapid and dynamically regulated response to inflammation and cell damage could reduce initial graft rejection, making the "Smart Graft" approach a useful means of modulating the expression of immune regulatory transgenes to avoid deleterious effects on porcine and human health. Expressing transgenes in this fashion could provide a safer organ for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fischer
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Katrin Manske
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Center, Medizinische Klinik und Polyklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Simm
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Lelia Wolf-van Buerck
- Diabetes Center, Medizinische Klinik und Polyklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Konrad Fischer
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Minshawi F, Lanvermann S, McKenzie E, Jeffery R, Couper K, Papoutsopoulou S, Roers A, Muller W. The Generation of an Engineered Interleukin-10 Protein With Improved Stability and Biological Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1794. [PMID: 32849644 PMCID: PMC7431522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in modulating inflammation. IL-10 has inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokine production and function in vitro and in vivo; as such, IL-10 is viewed as a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases. However, a significant drawback of using IL-10 in clinical application is the fact that the biologically active form of IL-10 is an unstable homodimer, which has a short half-life and is easily degraded in vivo. Consequently, IL-10 therapy using recombinant native IL-10 has had only limited success in the treatment of human disease. To improve the therapeutic potential of IL-10, we have generated a novel form of IL-10, which consists of two IL-10 monomer subunits linked in a head to tail fashion by a flexible linker. We show that the linker length per se did not affect the expression and biological activity of the stable IL-10 molecule, which was more active than natural IL-10, both in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed that the new form of IL-10 had a much-improved temperature- and pH-dependent biological stability compared to natural IL-10. The IL-10 dimer protein binds to the IL-10 receptor similarly to the natural IL-10 protein, as shown by antibody blocking and through the genetic modifications of one monomer in the IL-10 dimer specifically at the IL-10 receptor binding site. Finally, we showed that stable IL-10 is more effective at suppressing LPS-induced-inflammation in vivo compared to the natural IL-10. In conclusion, we have developed a new stable dimer version of the IL-10 protein with improved stability and efficacy to suppress inflammation. We propose that this novel stable IL-10 dimer could serve as the basis for the development of targeted anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Lanvermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edward McKenzie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Jeffery
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Couper
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner Muller
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Ngamsri KC, Jans C, Putri RA, Schindler K, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Eggstein C, Köhler D, Konrad FM. Inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR7 Is Protective in Acute Peritoneal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32210974 PMCID: PMC7076176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed a pivotal role of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on migratory behavior of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) in pulmonary inflammation. Thereby, the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis was linked with adenosine signaling. However, the role of the SDF-1 receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in acute inflammatory peritonitis and peritonitis-related sepsis still remained unknown. The presented study provides new insight on the mechanism of a selective inhibition of CXCR4 (AMD3100) and CXCR7 (CCX771) in two models of peritonitis and peritonitis-related sepsis by injection of zymosan and fecal solution. We observed an increased expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in peritoneal tissue and various organs during acute inflammatory peritonitis. Selective inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR7 reduced PMN accumulation in the peritoneal fluid and infiltration of neutrophils in lung and liver tissue in both models. Both inhibitors had no anti-inflammatory effects in A2B knockout animals (A2B–/–). AMD3100 and CCX771 treatment reduced capillary leakage and increased formation of tight junctions as a marker for microvascular permeability in wild type animals. In contrast, both inhibitors failed to improve capillary leakage in A2B–/– animals, highlighting the impact of the A2B-receptor in SDF-1 mediated signaling. After inflammation, the CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonist induced an enhanced expression of the protective A2B adenosine receptor and an increased activation of cAMP (cyclic adenosine mono phosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB), as downstream signaling pathway of A2B. The CXCR4- and CXCR7-inhibitor reduced the release of cytokines in wild type animals via decreased intracellular phosphorylation of ERK and NFκB p65. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism diminished the chemokine release of human cells and increased cellular integrity by enhancing the expression of tight junctions. These protective effects were linked with functional A2B-receptor signaling, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study revealed new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis during acute peritoneal inflammation in terms of the two hallmarks PMN migration and barrier integrity. Both anti-inflammatory effects were linked with functional adenosine A2B-receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rizki A Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Eggstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska M Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Papoutsopoulou S, Burkitt MD, Bergey F, England H, Hough R, Schmidt L, Spiller DG, White MHR, Paszek P, Jackson DA, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Sellge G, Pritchard DM, Campbell BJ, Müller W, Probert CS. Macrophage-Specific NF-κB Activation Dynamics Can Segregate Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2168. [PMID: 31572379 PMCID: PMC6749845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents challenges, particularly when choosing therapy. Activation of the NF-κB transcription factor is a highly regulated, dynamic event in IBD pathogenesis. Using a lentivirus approach, NF-κB-regulated luciferase was expressed in patient macrophages, isolated from frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples. Following activation, samples could be segregated into three clusters based on the NF-κB-regulated luciferase response. The ulcerative colitis (UC) samples appeared only in the hypo-responsive Cluster 1, and in Cluster 2. Conversely, Crohn's disease (CD) patients appeared in all Clusters with their percentage being higher in the hyper-responsive Cluster 3. A positive correlation was seen between NF-κB-induced luciferase activity and the concentrations of cytokines released into medium from stimulated macrophages, but not with serum or biopsy cytokine levels. Confocal imaging of lentivirally-expressed p65 activation revealed that a higher proportion of macrophages from CD patients responded to endotoxin lipid A compared to controls. In contrast, cells from UC patients exhibited a shorter duration of NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear localization compared to healthy controls, and CD donors. Analysis of macrophage cytokine responses and patient metadata revealed a strong correlation between CD patients who smoked and hyper-activation of p65. These in vitro dynamic assays of NF-κB activation in blood-derived macrophages have the potential to segregate IBD patients into groups with different phenotypes and may therefore help determine response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hazel England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Hough
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David G Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H R White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris S Probert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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11
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Tawfik A, Knight P, Duckworth CA, Pritchard DM, Rhodes JM, Campbell BJ. Replication of Crohn's Disease Mucosal E. coli Isolates inside Macrophages Correlates with Resistance to Superoxide and Is Dependent on Macrophage NF-kappa B Activation. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020074. [PMID: 31181736 PMCID: PMC6630736 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated Escherichia coli are increased in Crohn’s disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). CD isolates replicate within macrophages but the specificity of this effect for CD and its mechanism are unclear. Gentamicin exclusion assay was used to assess E. coli replication within J774.A1 murine macrophages. E. coli growth was assessed following acid, low-nutrient, nitrosative, oxidative and superoxide stress, mimicking the phagolysosome. Twelve of 16 CD E. coli isolates replicated >2-fold within J774.A1 macrophages; likewise for isolates from 6/7 urinary tract infection (UTI), 8/9 from healthy subjects, compared with 2/6 ulcerative colitis, 2/7 colorectal cancer and 0/3 laboratory strains. CD mucosal E. coli were tolerant of acidic, low-nutrient, nitrosative and oxidative stress. Replication within macrophages correlated strongly with tolerance to superoxide stress (rho = 0.44, p = 0.0009). Exemplar CD E. coli HM605 and LF82 were unable to survive within Nfκb1-/- murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. In keeping with this, pre-incubation of macrophages with hydrocortisone (0.6 µM for 24 h) caused 70.49 ± 12.11% inhibition of intra-macrophage replication. Thus, CD mucosal E. coli commonly replicate inside macrophages, but so do some UTI and healthy subject strains. Replication correlates with resistance to superoxide and is highly dependent on macrophage NF-κB signalling. This may therefore be a good therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
- Gastroenterology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Paul Knight
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Wythenshawe M23 9LT, UK.
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Rhodes
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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