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Hewedy WA, Darwish IE. Activation of bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) protects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity: Could ghrelin have a role? Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176802. [PMID: 38945288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) and their downstream signaling pathways are expressed not only in the oral tissues but also in extraoral tissues. Emerging data has demonstrated the beneficial effect of ghrelin in neurodegenerative diseases. Gaining more insight into the interaction between TAS2Rs and gut hormones may expand their therapeutic applications. Herein, we aimed to assess the possible effect of TAS2R activation by denatonium benzoate (DB) in modulating functional and neurobiochemical alterations in a model of Parkinson's disease (PD). MAIN METHODS PD model was induced by daily injection of rotenone (2 mg/kg). Rats received DB (5 mg/kg), atenolol (10 mg/kg), or both concomitantly with rotenone, daily for 28 days. Evaluation of the motor abnormalities and histological examination of brain tissues were conducted. In addition, striatal dopamine contents, immunohistochemical expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, plasma ghrelin level, and biochemical analysis of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with DB increased serum levels of ghrelin and striatal dopamine contents with consequent amelioration of oxidative stress and attenuation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, DB treatment significantly ameliorated motor disturbance and histological abnormalities compared to untreated rats. Atenolol inhibited ghrelin release and abolished the positive effect of DB suggesting the involvement of ghrelin on such effects. SIGNIFICANCE The current study suggests that TAS2Rs agonists are promising candidates for ameliorating rotenone-induced PD pathology in rats, an action that could be linked to the enhancement of ghrelin release with consequent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Hewedy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Inas E Darwish
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Sevilla A, Grichnik J. Therapeutic modulation of KIT ligand in melanocytic disorders with implications for mast cell diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15091. [PMID: 38711220 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
KIT ligand and its associated receptor KIT serve as a master regulatory system for both melanocytes and mast cells controlling survival, migration, proliferation and activation. Blockade of this pathway results in cell depletion, while overactivation leads to mastocytosis or melanoma. Expression defects are associated with pigmentary and mast cell disorders. KIT ligand regulation is complex but efficient targeting of this system would be of significant benefit to those suffering from melanocytic or mast cell disorders. Herein, we review the known associations of this pathway with cutaneous diseases and the regulators of this system both in skin and in the more well-studied germ cell system. Exogenous agents modulating this pathway will also be presented. Ultimately, we will review potential therapeutic opportunities to help our patients with melanocytic and mast cell disease processes potentially including vitiligo, hair greying, melasma, urticaria, mastocytosis and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sevilla
- Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - James Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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3
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Chen S, Yu R, Zhao F, Sun L, Yin Y, Zhang G, Chen Q, Shu Q. Network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the mechanism of a clinical proved recipe for external use of clearing heat and removing dampness in the treatment of immune-related cutaneous adverse events. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37504. [PMID: 38489696 PMCID: PMC10939542 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune-related cutaneous adverse events (ircAEs) will undermine the patients' quality of lives, and interrupt the antitumor therapy. A clinical proved recipe for external use of clearing heat and removing dampness (Qing-Re-Li-Shi Formula, hereinafter referred to as "QRLSF") is beneficial to the treatment of ircAEs in clinical practice. Our study will elucidate the mechanism of QRLSF against ircAEs based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components and corresponding targets of QRLSF were collected through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database. GeneCards, online Mendelian inheritance in man, and pharmacogenomics knowledgebase were used to screen the targets of ircAEs. The intersecting targets between drug and disease were acquired by venn analysis. Cytoscape software was employed to construct "components-targets" network. Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins database was applied to establish the protein-protein interaction network and then its core targets were identified. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis was performed to predict the mechanism. The molecular docking verification of key targets and related phytomolecules was accomplished by AutoDock Vina software. Thirty-nine intersecting targets related to QRLSF against ircAEs were recognized. The analysis of network clarified 5 core targets (STAT3, RELA, TNF, TP53, and NFKBIA) and 4 key components (quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and ursolic acid). The activity of QRLSF against ircAEs could be attributed to the regulation of multiple biological effects via multi-pathways (PI3K-Akt pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT pathway, chemokine pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 pathway, TNF pathway, and Toll-like receptor pathway). The binding activities were estimated as good level by molecular docking. These discoveries disclosed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of QRLSF against ircAEs, providing a new strategy for such medical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangmin Zhao
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yudan Yin
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaochenxi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunwei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qijin Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Das N, Addanki PK. Biochemical Examination of Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Individuals Afflicted With Chronic Periodontal Disease: A Comparative Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56536. [PMID: 38646303 PMCID: PMC11027441 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intended to assess plasma ghrelin levels in individuals with chronic periodontitis and analyze potential associations with bone turnover indicators, serum cytokines, and periodontal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research contained 80 patients each with 40 individuals with periodontally healthy controls (C) (28 males, 12 females) and 40 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients (29 males, 11 females). The blood samples were analyzed for soluble receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (sRANKL), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), total and acylated ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), osteocalcin (OSC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and periodontal parameters were recorded. RESULTS The CP group had considerably higher plasma concentrations of both acylated and total ghrelin than the C group (p<0.05). Gender-based investigation showed substantial differences only among men in both groups (p<0.05). Hence, no significant modifications were identified in serum sRANKL, TNFα, and ALP levels between the groups. However, there was a notable difference in serum OSC and IL-1β levels in the CP group (p<0.05). Furthermore, total ghrelin/acylated ghrelin and total ghrelin/ALP revealed positive correlations. No significant association was found between symptoms and ghrelin levels. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate elevated levels of ghrelin and acylated ghrelin in male CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Das
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur, IND
| | - Pavan Kumar Addanki
- Department of Periodontology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, IND
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5
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Zhang X, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Liu D. Emerging Relevance of Ghrelin in Programmed Cell Death and Its Application in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17254. [PMID: 38139082 PMCID: PMC10743592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, comprising 28 amino acids, was initially discovered as a hormone that promotes growth hormones. The original focus was on the effects of ghrelin on controlling hunger and satiation. As the research further develops, the research scope of ghrelin has expanded to a wide range of systems and diseases. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In recent years, substantial studies have demonstrated that ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and other effects, which could affect the signaling pathways of various kinds of programmed cell death (PCD) in treating diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the function of ghrelin in different kinds of PCD have not been thoroughly illuminated. This review describes the relationship between ghrelin and four kinds of PCD (apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) and then introduces the clinical applications based on the different features of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaning Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Naguib G, Maghrabi AA, Mira AI, Mously HA, Hajjaj M, Hamed MT. Influence of inorganic nanoparticles on dental materials' mechanical properties. A narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:897. [PMID: 37990196 PMCID: PMC10662115 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating nanoparticles in dental materials in different specialties could have a positive effect on reinforcing the mechanical properties of those materials; however, there was no consensus on the effectiveness of using nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties of dental materials, due to the variety of the properties of nanoparticles itself and their effect on the mechanical properties. This article attempted to analytically review all the studies that assessed the effect of different types of inorganic nanoparticles on the most commonly used dental materials in dental specialties such as polymethyl methacrylate, glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin adhesive, orthodontic adhesive, and endodontic sealer. The results had shown that those inorganic nanoparticles demonstrated positive potential in improving those mechanical properties in most of the dental materials studied. That potential was attributed to the ultra-small sizes and unique physical and chemical qualities that those inorganic nanoparticles possess, together with the significant surface area to volume ratio. It was concluded from this comprehensive analysis that while a definitive recommendation cannot be provided due to the variety of nanoparticle types, shapes, and incorporated dental material, the consensus suggests using nanoparticles in low concentrations less than 1% by weight along with a silane coupling agent to minimize agglomeration issues and benefit from their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Naguib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Oral Biology, Cairo University School of Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Abdulghani I Mira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Mously
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T Hamed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University School of Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Mohamed Haris NH, Krishnasamy S, Chin KY, Mariappan V, Arumugam M. Metabolic Syndrome Screening and Nutritional Status of Patients with Psoriasis: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2707. [PMID: 37375611 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with plaque psoriasis have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. However, no studies have assessed the nutritional status or screening methods of this population. Aims: This review aimed to identify and summarise metabolic syndrome screening criteria and the tools/methods used in nutrition assessment in patients with plaque psoriasis. Data synthesis: PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2023, following the Arkensey and O'Malley framework, to identify articles that report nutritional assessment methods/tools and metabolic screening criteria. Twenty-one studies were identified. Overall, these studies used four different screening criteria to define metabolic syndrome. Patients with psoriasis had a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and had a poor nutritional status compared to controls. However, only anthropometric measures such as weight, height and waist circumference were employed to determine the nutritional status. Only two studies assessed the vitamin D status. Conclusions: Patients with psoriasis have a poor nutritional status, and they are at risk of nutrient deficiencies. However, these health aspects are not routinely assessed and may increase the risk of malnutrition among these patients. Therefore, additional assessments, such as body composition and dietary assessment, are needed to determine the nutritional status to provide a suitable intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hanisah Mohamed Haris
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Shanthi Krishnasamy
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Mohan Arumugam
- Internal Medicine & Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Barrio-Hernandez I, Schwartzentruber J, Shrivastava A, Del-Toro N, Gonzalez A, Zhang Q, Mountjoy E, Suveges D, Ochoa D, Ghoussaini M, Bradley G, Hermjakob H, Orchard S, Dunham I, Anderson CA, Porras P, Beltrao P. Network expansion of genetic associations defines a pleiotropy map of human cell biology. Nat Genet 2023; 55:389-398. [PMID: 36823319 PMCID: PMC10011132 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Interacting proteins tend to have similar functions, influencing the same organismal traits. Interaction networks can be used to expand the list of candidate trait-associated genes from genome-wide association studies. Here, we performed network-based expansion of trait-associated genes for 1,002 human traits showing that this recovers known disease genes or drug targets. The similarity of network expansion scores identifies groups of traits likely to share an underlying genetic and biological process. We identified 73 pleiotropic gene modules linked to multiple traits, enriched in genes involved in processes such as protein ubiquitination and RNA processing. In contrast to gene deletion studies, pleiotropy as defined here captures specifically multicellular-related processes. We show examples of modules linked to human diseases enriched in genes with known pathogenic variants that can be used to map targets of approved drugs for repurposing. Finally, we illustrate the use of network expansion scores to study genes at inflammatory bowel disease genome-wide association study loci, and implicate inflammatory bowel disease-relevant genes with strong functional and genetic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anjali Shrivastava
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Noemi Del-Toro
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Asier Gonzalez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qian Zhang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Mountjoy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Suveges
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ochoa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Glyn Bradley
- Computational Biology, Genomic Sciences, GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Orchard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Porras
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Krajewski PK, Matusiak Ł, Szepietowski JC. Adipokines as an important link between hidradenitis suppurativa and obesity: a narrative review. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:320-327. [PMID: 36641766 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although its pathophysiology is not fully explained, inflammation seems to play an essential role in the development of HS. A link between obesity - often considered a state of chronic inflammation - and a higher prevalence of HS has been described. Nevertheless, the exact association is not well understood. Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that produces and secretes a variety of metabolically and immunologically active molecules called adipokines. The imbalances in concentrations of several adipokines in patients with HS have already been described. A shift towards the overproduction of proinflammatory adipokines (including leptin, resistin and visfatin) with the suppression of anti-inflammatory ones (adiponectin) has been noted. We conducted a review of the available data on adipokines in HS, concentrating on the described imbalances in adipokine concentrations, as well as possible implications in HS pathogenesis. Moreover, new, unstudied adipokines with possible implications in the development of HS are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Krajewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Burger B, Sagiorato RN, Cavenaghi I, Rodrigues HG. Abnormalities of Sphingolipids Metabolic Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020291. [PMID: 36837912 PMCID: PMC9968075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is immune-mediated skin disorder affecting thousands of people. Sphingolipids (SLs) are bioactive molecules present in the epidermis, involved in the following cellular processes: proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Alterations in SLs synthesis have been observed in psoriatic skin. To investigate if the imbalance in lipid skin metabolism could be related to psoriasis, we analyzed the gene expression in non-lesioned and lesioned skin of patients with psoriasis available in two datasets (GSE161683 and GSE136757) obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were searched for using NCBI analysis, and Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analyses were performed using the Database of Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. Venn diagrams were done with InteractiVenn tool and heatmaps were constructed using Morpheus software. We observed that the gene expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4D), glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 (GDP3), arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase R type (ALOX12B), phospholipase B-like 1 (PLBD1), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A), and serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 2 (SPTLC2) was up-regulated in lesioned skin psoriasis when compared with the non-lesioned skin. These genes are related to lipid metabolism and more specifically to sphingolipids. So, in the present study, the role of sphingolipids in psoriasis pathogenesis is summarized. These genes could be used as prognostic biomarkers of psoriasis and could be targets for the treatment of patients who suffer from the disease.
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11
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Tectorigenin inhibits inflammation in keratinocytes by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome regulated by the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:82-89. [PMID: 36916091 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i2.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tectorigenin is an active ingredient in traditional medicines and has anti-inflammatory activity. This research explored the effects of tectorigenin on the anti-inflammatory property, autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms in M5 ([IL-22, IL-17A, oncostatin M, IL-1α, and TNF-α])-stimulated HaCaT cells. METHODS The in vitro model of mixed M5 cytokines-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes was established to investigate the phenotypic features in psoriasis. Cell viability was assessed by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, cell proliferative rate by EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) assay, and autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence staining. After M5 exposure, the proliferative rate, protein expression of autophagy, and signaling activities of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured. The latter were quantitated using quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. The inflammatory response was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Tectorigenin exerted a protective effect in ameliorating the hyperproliferation and inflammation of HaCaT keratinocytes induced by M5 cytokines. Furthermore, tectorigenin on keratinocytes seemed to inactivate NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibit cell proliferation and inflammation response via suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION This study proves that tectorigenin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for psoriasis treatment in future.
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Wu Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Han X, Sun L, Chen H, Chen Q. Effect of Bifidobacterium on osteoclasts: TNF-α/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway-mediated mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1109296. [PMID: 36967748 PMCID: PMC10034056 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic multifactorial bone disease characterized by low bone quality and density and bone microstructure damage, increasing bone fragility and fracture vulnerability. Increased osteoclast differentiation and activity are important factors contributing to bone loss, which is a common pathological manifestation of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. TNF-a/NF-κB is an inflammatory signaling pathway with a key regulatory role in regulating osteoclast formation, and the classical pathway RANKL/RANK/OPG assists osteoclast formation. Activation of this inflammatory pathway promotes the formation of osteoclasts and accelerates the process of osteoporosis. Recent studies and emerging evidence have consistently demonstrated the potential of probiotics to modulate bone health. Secretions of Bifidobacterium, a genus of probiotic bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria, such as short-chain fatty acids, equol, and exopolysaccharides, have indicated beneficial effects on bone health. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of the TNF-a/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in regulating osteoclast formation and describes the secretions produced by Bifidobacterium and their potential effects on bone health through this pathway, opening up new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuke Han
- College of Acupuncture & Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu Chen,
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Go MJ, Kim JM, Kang JY, Park SK, Lee CJ, Kim MJ, Lee HR, Kim TY, Joo SG, Kim DO, Heo HJ. Korean Red Pine ( Pinus densiflora) Bark Extract Attenuates Aβ-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1154-1167. [PMID: 36039041 PMCID: PMC9628973 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-amnesic effect of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract (KRPBE) against amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. We found that treatment with KRPBE improved the behavioral function in Aβ-induced mice, and also boosted the antioxidant system in mice by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and reducing glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, KRPBE improved the cholinergic system by suppressing reduced acetylcholine (ACh) content while also activating acetylcholinesterase (AChE), regulating the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin. KRPBE also showed an ameliorating effect on cerebral mitochondrial deficit by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels. Moreover, KRPBE modulated the expression levels of neurotoxicity indicators Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, p-IκB-α, and IL-1β. Furthermore, we found that KRPBE improved the expression levels of neuronal apoptosis-related markers BAX and BCl-2 and increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Therefore, this study suggests that KRPBE treatment has an anti-amnestic effect by modulating cholinergic system dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyum Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-55-772-1907 Fax: +82-55-772-1909 E-mail:
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14
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Ghrelin and leptin regulating wound healing. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:777-779. [PMID: 36028447 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recent article by Kratofil et al. investigated the immune inflammatory response against Staphylococcus aureus-contaminated foreign bodies placed under mouse skin. In this model, neutrophils are indispensable for bacterial clearance, while monocyte-derived macrophages are required for optimal wound healing. Intriguingly, ghrelin produced by macrophages favors, and leptin produced by hypodermal adipocytes inhibits, an adequate foreign body response.
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15
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Pavić T, Pelajić S, Blažević N, Kralj D, Milošević M, Mikolasevic I, Lerotic I, Hrabar D. Gut peptide changes in patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing biliary drainage: A prospective case control study. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5551-5565. [PMID: 35979104 PMCID: PMC9258356 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary obstruction is a relatively common condition that affects approximately 5 in 1000 people annually. Malnutrition is very common in patients with biliary obstruction and since it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify factors and mechanisms involved in its development.
AIM To determine the influence of obstructive jaundice on the hormones controlling appetite and nutritive status.
METHODS This was a prospective case control study performed in a tertiary center in Zagreb, Croatia. Patients with biliary obstruction undergoing internal biliary drainage from September 2012 until August 2013 were enrolled. After excluding patients who developed procedure related complications or were lost in the follow-up, out of initial 73 patients, 55 patients were included in the analysis, including 34 with benign and 21 with malignant disease. Meanwhile, 40 non-jaundiced controls were also included. Appetite, nutritional status, and serum ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined at admission, 48 h and 28 d after internal biliary drainage. Chi square test was used for categorical variables. Continuous variables were analysed for normality by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and relevant non-parametric (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Friedman) or parametric (t-test and analysis of variance) tests were used.
RESULTS Patients with obstructive jaundice were significantly malnourished compared to controls, regardless of disease etiology. Plasma ghrelin and CCK levels were significantly higher in patients with obstructive jaundice. Serum bilirubin concentrations were negatively correlated with ghrelin levels and positively correlated with TNF-α, but had no correlation with CCK concentrations. After internal biliary drainage, a significant improvement of nutritional status was observed although serum concentrations of ghrelin, IL-6, and TNF-α remained significantly elevated even 28 d after the procedure. CCK levels in patients without malnutrition remained elevated 28 d after the procedure, but in patients with malnutrition, CCK levels decreased to levels comparable with those in the control group. We have not established any correlation between appetite and serum levels of ghrelin, CCK, IL-6, and TNF-α before and after biliary drainage.
CONCLUSION Possible abnormalities in ghrelin and CCK regulation may be associated with the development of malnutrition during the inflammatory response in patients with biliary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajana Pavić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Stipe Pelajić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nina Blažević
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dominik Kralj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Milan Milošević
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health WHO Collaborative Centre for Occupational Health, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Lerotic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Davor Hrabar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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16
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Jeong H, Chong HJ, So J, Jo Y, Yune TY, Ju BG. Ghrelin Represses Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Gene Expression through Activation of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Protein Kinase C Delta in Inflamed Skin Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073977. [PMID: 35409338 PMCID: PMC8999772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted from enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, has anti-inflammatory activity in skin diseases, including dermatitis and psoriasis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of ghrelin on skin inflammation is not clear. In this study, we found that ghrelin alleviates atopic dermatitis (AD)-phenotypes through suppression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) gene activation. Knockdown or antagonist treatment of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), the receptor for ghrelin, suppressed ghrelin-induced alleviation of AD-like phenotypes and suppression of TSLP gene activation. We further found that ghrelin induces activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), leading to the binding of GR with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) NCoR corepressor to negative glucocorticoid response element (nGRE) on the TSLP gene promoter. In addition, ghrelin-induced protein kinase C δ (PKCδ)-mediated phosphorylation of p300 at serine 89 (S89), which decreased the acetylation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) p65 to the TSLP gene promoter. Knockdown of PKCδ abolished ghrelin-induced suppression of TSLP gene activation. Our study suggests that ghrelin may help to reduce skin inflammation through GR and PKCδ-p300-NF-κB-mediated suppression of TSLP gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayan Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Chong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jangho So
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yejin Jo
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tae-Young Yune
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-705-8455
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17
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Effect of Bacterial Infection on Ghrelin Receptor Regulation in Periodontal Cells and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063039. [PMID: 35328456 PMCID: PMC8950409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of bacterial infection on the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) was investigated in periodontal cells and tissues, and the actions of ghrelin were evaluated. GHS-R was assessed in periodontal tissues of rats with and without periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence and absence of ghrelin. GHS-R expression was determined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, wound healing, cell viability, proliferation, and migration were evaluated. GHS-R expression was significantly higher at periodontitis sites as compared to healthy sites in rat tissues. F. nucleatum significantly increased the GHS-R expression and protein level in HGFs. Moreover, ghrelin significantly abrogated the stimulatory effects of F. nucleatum on CCL2 and IL-6 expressions in HGFs and did not affect cell viability and proliferation significantly. Ghrelin stimulated while F. nucleatum decreased wound closure, probably due to reduced cell migration. Our results show original evidence that bacterial infection upregulates GHS-R in rat periodontal tissues and HGFs. Moreover, our study shows that ghrelin inhibited the proinflammatory actions of F. nucleatum on HGFs without interfering with cell viability and proliferation, suggesting that ghrelin and its receptor may act as a protective molecule during bacterial infection on periodontal cells.
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18
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Amar Y, Schneider E, Köberle M, Seeholzer T, Musiol S, Hölge IM, Gschwendtner S, Krappmann D, Steiger K, Biedermann T, Schmidt-Weber CB, Alessandrini F. Microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis mimics shifts in human microbiome and correlates with the key pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-33 and TSLP. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:705-716. [PMID: 35015907 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous bacterial dysbiosis is a characteristic hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD) and it decisively influences the severity of the disease. Despite this, frequently used murine models of AD have not been characterized regarding the changes in skin microbiome communities. OBJECTIVE To analyze the skin microbiome of two frequently used murine models for AD for assessing their applicability in translational research. METHODS AD was induced in mice by topical application of calcipotriol, or oxazolone. Following comparable elicitation of AD-like dermatitis, including IgE induction, the skin microbial communities were analyzed and compared with human AD. RESULTS We detected critical differences in the microbiota composition of diseased skin. In contrast to calcipotriol treatment, application of oxazolone induced significant changes of the cutaneous microbiota and a drastic drop of bacterial richness. Furthermore, an expansion of Staphylococci, particularly S. xylosus was observed in the oxazolone group, also displaying positive correlations with AD key markers including pH, TEWL, IL-4, TSLP and IL-33. CONCLUSIONS In this article we show that i) the model of choice to investigate AD needs to be characterized for the cutaneous microbiota if applicable and ii) the oxazolone-mediated mixed Th1-Th2 immune response triggers microbiota-induced alterations which share similarities to dysbiosis in human AD and represents therefore a suitable model for translational research on AD if alterations of the microbiome are in the focus of the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Amar
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Schneider
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Seeholzer
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Musiol
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Eurofins BioPharma Product Testing Munich GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - I M Hölge
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Gschwendtner
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Center München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - F Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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19
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Zeng L, Huang F, Zhang Q, Liu J, Quan D, Song W. Molecular perspective of efficiency and safety problems of chemical enhancers: bottlenecks and recent advances. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1376-1394. [PMID: 34476765 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical penetration enhancer (CPE) is a preferred approach to improve drug permeability through the skin, due to its unique advantages of simple use and high compatibility. However, CPEs efficiency and safety problems frequently arise, which greatly restrains the further application in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). To get access to the root of problems, the efficiency and safety of CPEs are reviewed especially from molecular perspectives, which include (1) the possible factors of CPEs low efficiency; (2) the possible contribution of CPEs in the evolution of safety problems such as skin irritation and allergic reaction; (3) the interactive relationship between CPEs efficiency and safety, as well as the bottlenecks of achieving their balance. More importantly, based on these, recent advances are summarized in improving efficiency or safety of CPEs, which offers a guidance of rationally selecting CPEs in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China
| | - Danyi Quan
- Institute of Advanced Drug Delivery Technology, No. 10 Xinghuo Ave Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210032, P.R. China.
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P.R. China.
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20
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Balgoon MJ, Al-Zahrani MH, Jaouni SA, Ayuob N. Combined Oral and Topical Application of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Alleviates Contact Dermatitis Associated With Depression Through Downregulation Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663417. [PMID: 34040528 PMCID: PMC8141732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and contact dermatitis (CD) are considered relatively common health problems that are linked with psychological stress. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities of pumpkin were previously reported. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combined topical and oral application of pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) extract (PE) in relieving CD associated with chronic stress-induced depression and compare it to the topical pumpkin extract alone and to the standard treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks for induction of depression and then exposed to (1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) for 2 weeks for induction of CD. Those rats were assigned into 4 groups (n = 10 each); untreated, betamethasone-treated, PE-treated and pumpkin extract cream, and oral-treated groups. Treatments were continued for 2 weeks. All groups were compared to the negative control group (n = 10). Depression was behaviorally and biochemically confirmed. Serum and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, were assessed. Oxidant/antioxidant profile was assessed in the serum and skin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of affected skin samples were performed. Results: Pumpkin extract, used in this study, included a large amount of oleic acid (about 56%). The combined topical and oral administration of PE significantly reduced inflammatory and oxidative changes induced by CD and depression compared to the CD standard treatment and to the topical PE alone. PE significantly alleviated CD signs and the histopathological score (p < 0.001) mostly through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the upregulation of antioxidants. Conclusion: Pumpkin extract, applied topically and orally, could be an alternative and/or complementary approach for treating contact dermatitis associated with depression. Further studies on volunteer patients of contact dermatitis are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Jameal Balgoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasra Ayuob
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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21
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Potential Antioxidative, Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Peptide from the Stomach in SARS-CoV2 Infection. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1875-1883. [PMID: 33880115 PMCID: PMC8050636 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The respiratory effects of this disease include acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic inflammation, cytokine storm, and pulmonary fibrosis. Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by the stomach. Interestingly, ghrelin possesses promising antioxidant, anti-and inflammatory effects, making it an attractive agent to reduce the complications of the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, ghrelin exerts a wide range of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and can mitigate the uncontrolled cytokine production responsible for acute lung injury by upregulating PPARγ and down-regulating NF-κB expression. Ghrelin has also been reported to enhance Nrf2 expression in inflammatory conditions which led to the suppression of oxidative stress. The current opinion summarizes the evidence for the possible pharmacological benefits of ghrelin in the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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22
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Ochiai T, Sasaki Y, Kuwata H, Nakatani Y, Yokoyama C, Hara S. Coordinated action of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and prostacyclin synthase on contact hypersensitivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 546:124-129. [PMID: 33582554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin (PG) E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PGIS) are PG terminal synthases that work downstream of cyclooxygenase and synthesize PGE2 and PGI2, respectively. Although the involvement of PG receptors in acquired cutaneous immune responses was recently shown, the roles of these PG terminal synthases remain unclear. To identify the pathophysiological roles of mPGES-1 and PGIS in cutaneous immune systems, we applied contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to mPGES-1 and PGIS knockout (KO) mice as a model of acquired immune responses. Mice were treated with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) and evaluated for ear thickness and histopathological features. The results showed that the severity of ear swelling in both gene-deficient mice was much lower than that in wild-type (WT) mice. Histological examination of DNFB-treated ears showed that inflammatory cell infiltration and edema in the dermis were also less apparent in both genotypic mice. LC-MS analysis further showed that the increment in PGE2 levels in DNFB-treated ear tissue was reduced in mPGES-1 KO mice, and that 6-keto PGF1α (a stable metabolite of PGI2) was not detected in PGIS KO mice. Furthermore, we made bone marrow (BM) chimera and found that transplantation of WT mouse-derived BM cells restored the impaired CHS response in mPGES-1 KO mice but did not restore the response in PGIS KO mice. These results indicated that mPGES-1 in BM-derived cells and PGIS in non-BM-derived cells might play critical roles in DNFB-induced CHS. mPGES-1-derived PGE2 and PGIS-derived PGI2 might coordinately promote acquired cutaneous immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Ochiai
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Popescu I, Turtoi M, Suflet DM, Dinu MV, Darie-Nita RN, Anghelache M, Calin M, Constantin M. Alginate/poloxamer hydrogel obtained by thiol-acrylate photopolymerization for the alleviation of the inflammatory response of human keratinocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:418-431. [PMID: 33737187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based wound dressings have been intensively studied as promising materials for wound healing and care. The mixed-mode thiol-acrylate photopolymerization is used in this paper for alginate/poloxamer hydrogels formation. First, the alginate was modified with thiol groups using the esterification reaction with cysteamine, and second, the terminal hydroxyl groups of poloxamer were esterified with acryloyl chloride to introduce polymerizable acrylate groups. Finally, the cross-linking reaction between the two macromers was performed to produce degradable alginate/poloxamer hydrogels. The optimum conditions for the photo-initiated reaction were studied in order to obtain high gel fractions. The resulting hydrogels have high swelling capacity in simulated physiological conditions, good elasticity and strength, and appropriate porosity, some of the physico-chemical properties required for their applications as wound dressings/patches. The biological assays show that the alginate/poloxamer hydrogels induce proliferation of human keratinocyte and have an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated keratinocytes by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/ nuclear factor (NF)-kB/ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signalling pathway. Taken together, the results showed that the chemical cross-linked alginate/poloxamer hydrogels may function as a dressing/patch applied directly on the skin lesion to heal the wound by reducing the exacerbated inflammation, the main cause of wound healing delay and local infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Popescu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Turtoi
- "Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies" Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, B.P. Hasdeu 8, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Mihaela Suflet
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Valentina Dinu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Maria Anghelache
- "Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies" Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, B.P. Hasdeu 8, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- "Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies" Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, B.P. Hasdeu 8, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Constantin
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487, Iasi, Romania
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Kwak SY, Shim S, Park S, Kim H, Lee SJ, Kim MJ, Jang WS, Kim YH, Jang H. Ghrelin reverts intestinal stem cell loss associated with radiation-induced enteropathy by activating Notch signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153424. [PMID: 33278782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Exposure to high-dose radiation, such as after a nuclear accident or radiotherapy, elicits severe intestinal damage and is associated with a high mortality rate. In treating patients exhibiting radiation-induced intestinal dysfunction, countermeasures to radiation are required. In principle, the cellular event underlying radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome is intestinal stem cell (ISC) apoptosis in the crypts. High-dose irradiation induces the loss of ISCs and impairs intestinal barrier function, including epithelial regeneration and integrity. Notch signaling plays a critical role in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium and regulates ISC self-renewal. Ghrelin, a hormone produced mainly by enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, has diverse physiological and biological functions. PURPOSE We investigate whether ghrelin mitigates radiation-induced enteropathy, focusing on its role in maintaining epithelial function. METHODS To investigate the effect of ghrelin in radiation-induced epithelial damage, we analyzed proliferation and Notch signaling in human intestinal epithelial cell. And we performed histological analysis, inflammatory response, barrier functional assays, and expression of notch related gene and epithelial stem cell using a mouse model of radiation-induced enteritis. RESULTS In this study, we found that ghrelin treatment accelerated the reversal of radiation-induced epithelial damage including barrier dysfunction and defective self-renewing property of ISCs by activating Notch signaling. Exogenous injection of ghrelin also attenuated the severity of radiation-induced intestinal injury in a mouse model. CONCLUSION These data suggest that ghrelin may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for radiation-induced enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Kwak
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Heon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhou W, Hu M, Zang X, Liu Q, Du J, Hu J, Zhang L, Du Z, Xiang Z. Luteolin attenuates imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice via suppression of inflammation response. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Inhibition of interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase causes reduction in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation through reduction of Th17 cells and enhancement of Treg cells in mice. Biochimie 2020; 179:146-156. [PMID: 33007409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a debilitating chronic skin disease with a worldwide prevalence. Its main features include well-marked silvery scales on the skin of hands and feet and back which arise due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells in the skin. Multiple interactions exist between adaptive immune cells such as T cells and innate immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages which are key players in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) plays a key role in Th17 cell development through control of several transcription factors. ITK has been shown to control NFATc1, NFkB and STAT3 in CD4+ T cells. Effect of ITK inhibitor in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform inflammation remains to be explored. In the current examination, role of ITK signaling and its inhibition blockade were evaluated on NFATc1, NFkB and STAT3, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, Foxp3, IL-10 in CD4+ T cells in IMQ model. Our data display that ITK signaling is involved in IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation as paralleled by enhancement of p-ITK, NFATc1, p-NFkB and p-STAT3 in CD4+ T cells. It was associated with enhancement of Th17/Th1 cells and neutrophilic inflammation in the skin. Preventive treatment with ITK inhibitor led to a reduction in Th17/Th1 cells and enhancement of Treg cells. Overall, this study suggests that ITK signaling is an important modulator of transcription factor signaling in CD4+ T cells which is associated with Th17/Th1 cells and psoriasiform inflammation in mice. ITK signaling blockade could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriatic inflammation.
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Decoding active components in a formulation of multiple herbs for treatment of psoriasis based on three cell lines fishing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113331. [PMID: 32380350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine formula (CMF) usually contains multiple herbs and its components are very complicated, which therapeutic effects are derived from the integrative activity of multiple components. Therefore, the screening of bioactive compounds in the formula is necessary, though it is very difficult, not only for elucidating the therapeutic components but also for developing the quality control method. In this work, three cell lines fishing combined with LC-MS analysis was developed for screening the potential bioactive compounds in Fuzhengzhiyanghefuzhiyang decoction (FZHFZY), a CMF for the treatment of psoriasis in clinic. Nineteen potential active compounds were discovered and thirteen of them were identified as rehmannioside D, melittoside or rehmannioside A, tufulingoside, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, engeletin, isoengeletin, spinosin, cnidimoside A, rutaevin and limonin, respectively. The effects of identified components were also analyzed in vitro. The results showed that IL-1β expression of RAW 264.7 cells treated with spinosin and melittoside as well as the TNF-α level of RAW 264.7 cells treated with rehmannioside D and melittoside were not significantly different compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells. Though all identified potential active components had no apoptosis effect to HaCaT cells, rehmannioside D, rehmannioside A, astilbin and neoisoastilbin could significantly suppress HUVEC cells migration compared with control. These results indicated that the target cell fishing combined with LC-MS analysis is a useful tool for screening bioactive compounds from complicated CMF, and the identified active components may mainly contribute to the therapeutic effects of FZHFZY.
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Anderson K, Ryan N, Siddiqui A, Pero T, Volpedo G, Cooperstone JL, Oghumu S. Black Raspberries and Protocatechuic Acid Mitigate DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity by Down-Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation and Inhibiting Mediators of Effector Responses. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061701. [PMID: 32517233 PMCID: PMC7352349 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is the most common occupational dermatological disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the sensitization stage of CHS, while T-cells facilitate the effector mechanisms that drive CHS. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BRB) and BRB phytochemicals possess immunomodulatory properties, but their dietary effects on CHS are unknown. We examined the effects of diets containing BRB and protocatechuic acid (PCA, a constituent of BRB and an anthocyanin metabolite produced largely by gut microbes), on CHS, using a model induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenze (DNFB). Mice were fed control diet or diets supplemented with BRB or PCA. In vitro bone-marrow derived DCs and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with BRB extract and PCA. Mice fed BRB or PCA supplemented diets displayed decreased DNFB-induced ear swelling, marked by decreased splenic DC accumulation. BRB extract diminished DC maturation associated with reduced Cd80 expression and Interleukin (IL)-12 secretion, and PCA reduced IL-12. Dietary supplementation with BRB and PCA induced differential decreases in IL-12-driven CHS mediators, including Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. BRB extracts and PCA directly attenuated CHS-promoting macrophage activity mediated by nitric oxide and IL-12. Our results demonstrate that BRB and PCA mitigate CHS pathology, providing a rationale for CHS alleviation via dietary supplementation with BRB or BRB derived anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arham Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Travis Pero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-685-7556
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Kang MR, Jo SA, Lee H, Yoon YD, Kwon JH, Yang JW, Choi BJ, Park KH, Lee MY, Lee CW, Lee KR, Kang JS. Inhibition of Skin Inflammation by Scytonemin, an Ultraviolet Sunscreen Pigment. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060300. [PMID: 32512874 PMCID: PMC7344946 DOI: 10.3390/md18060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scytonemin is a yellow-green ultraviolet sunscreen pigment present in different genera of aquatic and terrestrial blue-green algae, including marine cyanobacteria. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activities of scytonemin were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Topical application of scytonemin inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear swelling in BALB/c mice. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also suppressed by scytonemin treatment in the TPA-treated ear of BALB/c mice. In addition, scytonemin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-a and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, and the mRNA expressions of TNF-a and iNOS were also suppressed by scytonemin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that LPS-induced NF-kB activity was significantly suppressed by scytonemin treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results also showed that the degradation of IkBa and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit were blocked by scytonemin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that scytonemin inhibits skin inflammation by blocking the expression of inflammatory mediators, and the anti-inflammatory effect of scytonemin is mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of NF-kB activity. Our results also suggest that scytonemin might be used as a multi-function skin care ingredient for UV protection and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Rim Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
- Ractigen Therapeutics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226400, China
| | - Sun Ah Jo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Yeo Dae Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Joo-Hee Kwon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Jeong-Wook Yang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Byeong Jo Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Ki Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Myeong Youl Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.R.K.); (S.A.J.); (H.L.); (Y.D.Y.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (B.J.C.); (K.H.P.); (M.Y.L.); (C.W.L.); (K.-R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-240-6524; Fax: +82-43-240-6529
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Kaneda K, Yu A, Tanizaki H, Kurokawa T, Yamamoto Y, Furukawa F, Moriwaki S. Ghrelin attenuates imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Kaneda
- Department of Dermatology Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan
| | - Akitoshi Yu
- Department of Dermatology Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan
| | | | - Teruo Kurokawa
- Department of Dermatology Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology Japanese Red Cross Society Takatsuki Hospital Takatsuki Japan
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Jeon SG, Hong SB, Nam Y, Tae J, Yoo A, Song EJ, Kim KI, Lee D, Park J, Lee SM, Kim JI, Moon M. Ghrelin in Alzheimer's disease: Pathologic roles and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100945. [PMID: 31434007 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, which has many important physiological roles, such as stimulating food intake, regulating energy homeostasis, and releasing insulin, has recently been studied for its roles in a diverse range of neurological disorders. Despite the several functions of ghrelin in the central nervous system, whether it works as a therapeutic agent for neurological dysfunction has been unclear. Altered levels and various roles of ghrelin have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins resulting in synaptic loss and cognitive decline. Interestingly, treatment with ghrelin or with the agonist of ghrelin receptor showed attenuation in several cases of AD-related pathology. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic implications of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present review, we summarized the roles of ghrelin in AD pathogenesis, amyloid beta (Aβ) homeostasis, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial deficit, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. The findings from this review suggest that ghrelin has a novel therapeutic potential for AD treatment. Thus, rigorously designed studies are needed to establish an effective AD-modifying strategy.
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Wang Y, Cao L, Liu X. Ghrelin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation-mediated reproductive dysfunction induced by stress. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2357-2366. [PMID: 31650454 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological stress exists widely in modern society and results in the disruption of testicular tight junctions, germ cell apoptosis, and the disorder of fertility hormones and even causes infertility. Ghrelin (GHRL), a 28-amino acid peptide secreted mainly by the stomach and pancreas, has been reported to alleviate male reproductive injury through inhibiting apoptosis. However, whether GHRL has a beneficial effect on psychological stress-induced testicular injury and the possible mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Male mice were immobilized in Decapicone bags for 3 h daily for 14 days treated with or without GHRL (i.p. 100 mg/kg body weight). Body weight and testicular weight were measured. Histological alterations and apoptosis were examined by H.E. staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the testes was investigated. RESULTS Exposure to stress caused testicular histological alterations, an elevation of the Johnsen score, and germ cell apoptosis, while GHRL partially alleviated the adverse effects. The expression of ER stress marker proteins, including GRP78, CHOP, ATF6, p-JNK, and XBP-1, was upregulated in the stress group; however, GHRL treatment significantly suppressed the activation of ER stress in the testes. GHRL also inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TLR4, and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS GHRL alleviated testicular injury induced by ER stress and inflammation which is associated with the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and these findings may provide a novel strategy for preventing and treating reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, No. 6, Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, 272000, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Longqiao Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, No. 6, Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, 272000, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Institute of Precision and Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133, Hehua Road, Rencheng District, 272067, Jining, People's Republic of China.
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He Y, Kim BG, Kim HE, Sun Q, Shi S, Ma G, Kim Y, Kim OS, Kim OJ. The Protective Role of Feruloylserotonin in LPS-Induced HaCaT Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173064. [PMID: 31443581 PMCID: PMC6749254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal inflammation is caused by various bacterial infectious diseases that impair the skin health. Feruloylserotonin (FS) belongs to the hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin, which mainly exists in safflower seeds and has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Human epidermis mainly comprises keratinocytes whose inflammation causes skin problems. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on the keratinocyte with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced human HaCaT cells and elucidated its underlying mechanisms of action. The mechanism was investigated by analyzing cell viability, PGE2 levels, cell apoptosis, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The anti-inflammatory effects of FS were assessed by inhibiting the inflammation via down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, FS promoted Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, indicating that FS showed anti-oxidative activities. Furthermore, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of FS were found to benefit each other, but were independent. Thus, FS can be used as a component to manage epidermal inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu He
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Byung-Gook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qiaochu Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuhan Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ok-Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Abels C, Soeberdt M. Can we teach old drugs new tricks?—Repurposing of neuropharmacological drugs for inflammatory skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld Germany
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35
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Qu R, Chen X, Yuan Y, Wang W, Qiu C, Liu L, Li P, Zhang Z, Vasilev K, Liu L, Hayball J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li W. Ghrelin Fights Against Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammatory Osteolysis Through Activation of β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2019; 42:1652-1665. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Priming of Hypothalamic Ghrelin Signaling and Microglia Activation Exacerbate Feeding in Rats' Offspring Following Maternal Overnutrition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061241. [PMID: 31159189 PMCID: PMC6627862 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy leads to metabolic alterations, including obesity, hyperphagia, and inflammation in the offspring. Nutritional priming of central inflammation and its role in ghrelin sensitivity during fed and fasted states have not been analyzed. The current study aims to identify the effect of maternal programming on microglia activation and ghrelin-induced activation of hypothalamic neurons leading to food intake response. We employed a nutritional programming model exposing female Wistar rats to a cafeteria diet (CAF) from pre-pregnancy to weaning. Food intake in male offspring was determined daily after fasting and subcutaneous injection of ghrelin. Hypothalamic ghrelin sensitivity and microglia activation was evaluated using immunodetection for Iba-1 and c-Fos markers, and Western blot for TBK1 signaling. Release of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β after stimulation with palmitic, oleic, linoleic acid, or C6 ceramide in primary microglia culture were quantified using ELISA. We found that programmed offspring by CAF diet exhibits overfeeding after fasting and peripheral ghrelin administration, which correlates with an increase in the hypothalamic Iba-1 microglia marker and c-Fos cell activation. Additionally, in contrast to oleic, linoleic, or C6 ceramide stimulation in primary microglia culture, stimulation with palmitic acid for 24 h promotes TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β release and TBK1 activation. Notably, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) palmitic acid or LPS inoculation for five days promotes daily increase in food intake and food consumption after ghrelin administration. Finally, we found that i.c.v. palmitic acid substantially activates hypothalamic Iba-1 microglia marker and c-Fos. Together, our results suggest that maternal nutritional programing primes ghrelin sensitivity and microglia activation, which potentially might mirror hypothalamic administration of the saturated palmitic acid.
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