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Abel TR, Kosarek NN, Parvizi R, Jarnagin H, Torres GM, Bhandari R, Huang M, Toledo DM, Smith A, Popovich D, Mariani MP, Yang H, Wood T, Garlick J, Pioli PA, Whitfield ML. Single-cell epigenomic dysregulation of Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts via CREB1/EGR1 axis in self-assembled human skin equivalents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586316. [PMID: 38585776 PMCID: PMC10996484 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by skin fibrosis, internal organ involvement and vascular dropout. We previously developed and phenotypically characterized an in vitro 3D skin-like tissue model of SSc, and now analyze the transcriptomic (scRNA-seq) and epigenetic (scATAC-seq) characteristics of this model at single-cell resolution. SSc 3D skin-like tissues were fabricated using autologous fibroblasts, macrophages, and plasma from SSc patients or healthy control (HC) donors. SSc tissues displayed increased dermal thickness and contractility, as well as increased α-SMA staining. Single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses identified keratinocytes, macrophages, and five populations of fibroblasts (labeled FB1 - 5). Notably, FB1 APOE-expressing fibroblasts were 12-fold enriched in SSc tissues and were characterized by high EGR1 motif accessibility. Pseudotime analysis suggests that FB1 fibroblasts differentiate from a TGF-β1-responsive fibroblast population and ligand-receptor analysis indicates that the FB1 fibroblasts are active in macrophage crosstalk via soluble ligands including FGF2 and APP. These findings provide characterization of the 3D skin-like model at single cell resolution and establish that it recapitulates subsets of fibroblasts and macrophage phenotypes observed in skin biopsies.
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Yousof TR, Mejia-Benitez A, Morrison KM, Austin RC. Reduced plasma GDF10 levels are positively associated with cholesterol impairment and childhood obesity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1805. [PMID: 38245533 PMCID: PMC10799949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global health concern affecting over 150 million children worldwide, with projections of a rise to 206 million by 2025. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this epidemic is crucial for developing effective interventions. In this study, we investigated circulating levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 10 (GDF10), a novel regulator of adipogenesis. Previous studies report diminished circulating GDF10 levels contribute to obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice. To further understand the role of plasma GDF10 in childhood obesity, a prospective case-control study was conducted. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, plasma GDF10 levels were measured in children aged 5-17 years of age with normal (n = 36) and increased (n = 56) body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, plasma GDF10 levels were compared to various cardio-metabolic parameters. Children with increased BMI exhibit significantly lower levels of plasma GDF10 compared to children with normal BMI (p < 0.05). This study not only supports previous mouse data but is the first to report that lower levels of GDF10 is associated with childhood obesity, providing an important human connection for the relevance of GDF10 in obesity. Furthermore, this study revealed a significant correlation between low plasma GDF10 levels and elevated LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels dependent on BMI (95% CI, p < 0.05). This study supports the hypothesis that children with obesity display lower plasma levels of GDF10, which correlates with elevated cholesterol levels. These insights shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to childhood obesity and may lead to future therapeutic interventions targeting GDF10 to mitigate adverse effects of adipogenesis in cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamana R Yousof
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejia-Benitez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, 50 Charlton Ave. E., Rm. T-3313, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Song MK, Kim JE, Kim JT, Kang YE, Han SJ, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ, Lee JH. GDF10 is related to obesity as an adipokine derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159515. [PMID: 37529611 PMCID: PMC10390302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines are proteins that are secreted by the adipose tissue. Although they are associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders, most studies have focused on adipokines expressed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to identify the adipokine potentially derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its clinical significance. Methods Samples of SAT and VAT were obtained from six adult male patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for benign gall bladder disease. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by subjecting the samples to RNA sequencing. The serum concentration of selected proteins according to body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 58 individuals. Results GDF10 showed significantly higher expression in the SAT, as per RNA sequencing (fold change = 5.8, adjusted P value = 0.009). Genes related to insulin response, glucose homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism were suppressed when GDF10 expression was high in SAT, as per genotype-tissue expression data. The serum GDF10 concentration was higher in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 35, 2674 ± 441 pg/mL) than in those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 23, 2339 ± 639 pg/mL; P = 0.022). There was a positive correlation between BMI and serum GDF10 concentration (r = 0.308, P = 0.019). Conclusions GDF10 expression was higher in SAT than in VAT. Serum GDF10 concentration was high in patients with obesity. Therefore, GDF10 could be a SAT-derived protein related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jong Han
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Madsen S, Nelson ME, Deshpande V, Humphrey SJ, Cooke KC, Howell A, Diaz-Vegas A, Burchfield JG, Stöckli J, James DE. Deep Proteome Profiling of White Adipose Tissue Reveals Marked Conservation and Distinct Features Between Different Anatomical Depots. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100508. [PMID: 36787876 PMCID: PMC10014311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is deposited mainly as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), often associated with metabolic protection, and abdominal/visceral adipose tissue, which contributes to metabolic disease. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of these differences, we conducted comprehensive proteomics profiling of whole tissue and isolated adipocytes from these two depots across two diets from C57Bl/6J mice. The adipocyte proteomes from lean mice were highly conserved between depots, with the major depot-specific differences encoded by just 3% of the proteome. Adipocytes from SAT (SAdi) were enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial complex I and beiging, whereas visceral adipocytes (VAdi) were enriched in structural proteins and positive regulators of mTOR presumably to promote nutrient storage and cellular expansion. This indicates that SAdi are geared toward higher catabolic activity, while VAdi are more suited for lipid storage. By comparing adipocytes from mice fed chow or Western diet (WD), we define a core adaptive proteomics signature consisting of increased extracellular matrix proteins and decreased fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial Coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Relative to SAdi, VAdi displayed greater changes with WD including a pronounced decrease in mitochondrial proteins concomitant with upregulation of apoptotic signaling and decreased mitophagy, indicating pervasive mitochondrial stress. Furthermore, WD caused a reduction in lipid handling and glucose uptake pathways particularly in VAdi, consistent with adipocyte de-differentiation. By overlaying the proteomics changes with diet in whole adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes, we uncovered concordance between adipocytes and tissue only in the visceral adipose tissue, indicating a unique tissue-specific adaptation to sustained WD in SAT. Finally, an in-depth comparison of isolated adipocytes and 3T3-L1 proteomes revealed a high degree of overlap, supporting the utility of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. These deep proteomes provide an invaluable resource highlighting differences between white adipose depots that may fine-tune their unique functions and adaptation to an obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Madsen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Howell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Ahn J, Suh Y, Lee K. Chordin-like 1, a Novel Adipokine, Markedly Promotes Adipogenesis and Lipid Accumulation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040624. [PMID: 36831292 PMCID: PMC9953935 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue serves as a metabolically dynamic organ that can synthesize and secrete biologically active compounds such as adipokines as well as a caloric reservoir for maintaining energy homeostasis. Adipokines are involved in diverse biological and physiological processes and there have been extensive attempts to characterize the effects of over two dozen adipokines. However, many of these adipokines are produced by not only adipose tissue, but also other tissues. Therefore, investigations into the effects of adipokines on physiological functions have been challenged. In this regard, we aimed to identify a new secreted protein that is encoded by genes specifically expressed in white adipose tissue through analysis of multi-tissue transcriptome and protein expression. As a result, we report a novel adipokine that is encoded by the adipose-specific gene, chordin-like 1 (Chrdl1), which is specifically expressed in white adipose tissue in mice; this expression pattern was conserved in the human orthologous CHRDL1 gene. The expression of Chrdl1 was enriched in fat cells and developmentally regulated in vitro and in vivo, and moreover, its retrovirus-mediated overexpression and recombinant protein treatment led to markedly increased adipogenesis. Further pathway enrichment analysis revealed enriched pathways related to lipogenesis and adipogenic signaling. Our findings support a pro-adipogenic role of CHRDL1 as a new adipokine and pave the way toward animal studies and future research on its clinical implications and development of anti-obesity therapy.
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Michelotti TC, Kisby BR, Flores LS, Tegeler AP, Fokar M, Crasto C, Menarim BC, Loux SC, Strieder-Barboza C. Single-nuclei analysis reveals depot-specific transcriptional heterogeneity and depot-specific cell types in adipose tissue of dairy cows. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1025240. [PMID: 36313560 PMCID: PMC9616121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1025240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ with a central role on whole-body energy metabolism and development of metabolic diseases. Single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, respectively) analyses in mice and human AT have revealed vast cell heterogeneity and functionally distinct subtypes that are potential therapeutic targets to metabolic disease. In periparturient dairy cows, AT goes through intensive remodeling and its dysfunction is associated with metabolic disease pathogenesis and decreased productive performance. The contributions of depot-specific cells and subtypes to the development of diseases in dairy cows remain to be studied. Our objective was to elucidate differences in cellular diversity of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) AT in dairy cows at the single-nuclei level. We collected matched SAT and VAT samples from three dairy cows and performed snRNA-seq analysis. We identified distinct cell types including four major mature adipocytes (AD) and three stem and progenitor cells (ASPC) subtypes, along with endothelial cells (EC), mesothelial cells (ME), immune cells, and pericytes and smooth muscle cells. All major cell types were present in both SAT and VAT, although a strong VAT-specificity was observed for ME, which were basically absent in SAT. One ASPC subtype was defined as adipogenic (PPARG+) while the other two had a fibro-adipogenic profile (PDGFRA+). We identified vascular and lymphatic EC subtypes, and different immune cell types and subtypes in both SAT and VAT, i.e., macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and natural killer cells. Not only did VAT show a greater proportion of immune cells, but these visceral immune cells had greater activation of pathways related to immune and inflammatory response, and complement cascade in comparison with SAT. There was a substantial contrast between depots for gene expression of complement cascade, which were greatly expressed by VAT cell subtypes compared to SAT, indicating a pro-inflammatory profile in VAT. Unprecedently, our study demonstrated cell-type and depot-specific heterogeneity in VAT and SAT of dairy cows. A better understanding of depot-specific molecular and cellular features of SAT and VAT will aid in the development of AT-targeted strategies to prevent and treat metabolic disease in dairy cows, especially during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainara C. Michelotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brent R. Kisby
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Lauryn S. Flores
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Alexandra P. Tegeler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Mohamed Fokar
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Chiquito Crasto
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of University Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Bruno C. Menarim
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shavahn C. Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Clarissa Strieder-Barboza,
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Ahn J, Kim DH, Park MR, Suh Y, Lee H, Hwang S, Mamuad LL, Lee SS, Lee K. A novel testis-enriched gene, Samd4a, regulates spermatogenesis as a spermatid-specific factor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:978343. [PMID: 36274854 PMCID: PMC9579339 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.978343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the highly orchestrated process involving expression of a series of testicular genes. Testis-enriched genes are critical for cellular processes during spermatogenesis whose disruption leads to impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Nevertheless, among poorly investigated testicular genes are the mouse Samd4a and human SAMD4A which were identified in the current study as novel testis-enriched genes through transcriptomic analyses. In particular, as orthologous alternative splicing isoforms, mouse Samd4a E-form and human SAMD4AC-form containing the SAM domain were specific to testes. Western blot analyses revealed that the murine SAMD4AE-form was predominantly found in the testis. Analyses on GEO2R and single-cell RNA-seq datasets revealed that the Samd4a/SAMD4A expression was enriched in spermatids among various types of cells in adult testes. To investigate in vivo functions of Samd4a, Samd4a knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The Samd4a deficiency resulted in lower testis weight, absence of elongated spermatids, and an increased number of apoptotic cells. Profiling of gene expression in human testis samples revealed that the SAMD4A expression was comparable between obstructive azoospermia patients and normal controls, but significantly lowered in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Among three subgroups of NOA, pre-meiotic arrest (NOA-pre), meiotic arrest (NOA-mei), and post-meiotic arrest (NOA-post), expression level of SAMD4A was higher in the NOA-post than the NOA-mei, but there was no difference between the NOA-pre and NOA-mei. The current studies demonstrated spermatid stage-specific expression of Samd4a/SAMD4A, and impairment of the late stages of spermatogenesis by disruption of the mouse Samd4a gene. These data suggest that Samd4a/SAMD4A plays an essential role in normal spermatogenesis, and SAMD4A, as a spermatid specific marker, can be used for subcategorizing NOA patients. Further understanding the molecular role of SAMD4A will advance our knowledge on genetic regulations in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Haesun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang Suk Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Sang Suk Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
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Kim DH, Ahn J, Suh Y, Ziouzenkova O, Lee JW, Lee K. Retinol Binding Protein 7 Promotes Adipogenesis in vitro and Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Retinol Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876031. [PMID: 35493071 PMCID: PMC9047791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol is an essential nutrient in animals. Its metabolites, specifically retinoic acid (RA), are crucial for cell differentiation, including adipogenesis. Retinol binding protein 7 (Rbp7) is under the control of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the role of RBP7 in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study showed that Rbp7 was abundantly expressed in white and brown mouse adipose tissues and had a higher expression in adipocytes than in stromal vascular fraction. Rbp7 overexpression promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with increased triglyceride accumulation and up-regulation of Pparγ, Fabp4, C/ebpα, and AdipoQ. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression, which were rescued by RA supplementation. Indirect assessment of relative nuclear RA levels using RAR response element (RARE)-Luc reporter assay demonstrated that Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased RARE-Luc reporter activity. Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression of those genes involved in retinol metabolism. These data suggest that RBP7 increases transcriptional activity of RARE that may induce negative feedback responses via regulation of the gene expression for retinol homeostasis. Our data indicate critical RBP7 functions in adipocytes: regulation of transcriptional activity of RARE and adipocytes differentiation, potentially providing a new target for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
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Zhang H, Ding Y, Zeng Q, Wang D, Liu G, Hussain Z, Xiao B, Liu W, Deng T. Characteristics of mesenteric adipose tissue attached to different intestinal segments and their roles in immune regulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G310-G326. [PMID: 34984923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) plays a critical role in the intestinal physiological ecosystems. Small and large intestines have evidently intrinsic and distinct characteristics. However, whether there exist any mesenteric differences adjacent to the small and large intestines (SMAT and LMAT) has not been properly characterized. We studied the important facets of these differences, such as morphology, gene expression, cell components, and immune regulation of MATs, to characterize the mesenteric differences. The SMAT and LMAT of mice were used for comparison of tissue morphology. Paired mesenteric samples were analyzed by RNA-seq to clarify gene expression profiles. MAT partial excision models were constructed to illustrate the immune regulation roles of MATs, and 16S-seq was applied to detect the subsequent effect on microbiota. Our data show that different segments of mesenteries have different morphological structures. SMAT not only has smaller adipocytes but also contains more fat-associated lymphoid clusters than LMAT. The gene expression profile is also discrepant between these two MATs in mice. B-cell markers were abundantly expressed in SMAT, whereas development-related genes were highly expressed in LMAT. Adipose-derived stem cells of LMAT exhibited higher adipogenic potential and lower proliferation rates than those of SMAT. In addition, SMAT and LMAT play different roles in immune regulation and subsequently affect microbiota components. Finally, our data clarified the described differences between SMAT and LMAT in humans. There were significant differences in cell morphology, gene expression profiles, cell components, biological characteristics, and immune and microbiota regulation roles between regional MATs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results change the paradigm of how we regard MAT as a contiguous and homogeneous tissue to an intensely heterogeneous tissue. Appreciation of the differences between regional MATs will guide future research to investigate the specialized roles of different MATs in intestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yujin Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ganglei Liu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zain Hussain
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Boen Xiao
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pereira MJ, Andersson‐Assarsson JC, Jacobson P, Kamble P, Taube M, Sjöholm K, Carlsson LMS, Svensson P. Human adipose tissue gene expression of solute carrier family 19 member 3 ( SLC19A3); relation to obesity and weight-loss. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:21-31. [PMID: 35127120 PMCID: PMC8804923 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is a specialized endocrine organ that is involved in modulating whole-body energy homeostasis and expresses a specific subset of genes, which may play a role in adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of this study was to search for novel adipose tissue-specific genes using a tissue panel of RNAseq expression profiles. METHODS RNAseq expression profiles from 53 human tissues were downloaded from the GTex database. SLC19A3 expression was analyzed by microarray or real-time PCR in two sets of paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue samples, in two studies with adipose tissue from persons with high or low body mass index (BMI), in adipose tissue from patients who underwent weight loss with a very-low caloric diet and during preadipocyte-adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS The RNAseq-based tissue distribution expression screen identified SLC19A3 (encoding the thiamine transporter 2) as adipose tissue-specific. SLC19A3 expression was higher in subcutaneous compared with omental adipose tissue in both sample sets (p = 0.043 and p < 0.001). Preadipocyte differentiation towards adipocytes resulted in increased SLC19A3 gene expression (p = 0.018 or less at all-time points). Subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of SLC19A3 was lower in persons with high BMI in both cohorts (p = 0.008, and p < 0.001) and increased during a weight-loss intervention (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The specific adipose tissue expression pattern of SLC19A3, together with its regulation in obesity and during weight loss, indicate that it plays a key role in adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical SciencesClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Johanna C. Andersson‐Assarsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Prasad Kamble
- Department of Medical SciencesClinical Diabetes and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Magdalena Taube
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kajsa Sjöholm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lena M. S. Carlsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Per‐Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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11
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Novo LC, Cavani L, Pinedo P, Melendez P, Peñagaricano F. Genomic Analysis of Visceral Fat Accumulation in Holstein Cows. Front Genet 2022; 12:803216. [PMID: 35058972 PMCID: PMC8764383 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.803216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat is related to important metabolic processes, including insulin sensitivity and lipid mobilization. The goal of this study was to identify individual genes, pathways, and molecular processes implicated in visceral fat deposition in dairy cows. Data from 172 genotyped Holstein cows classified at slaughterhouse as having low (n = 77; omental fold <5 mm in thickness and minimum fat deposition in omentum) or high (n = 95; omental fold ≥20 mm in thickness and marked fat deposition in omentum) omental fat were analyzed. The identification of regions with significant additive and non-additive genetic effects was performed using a two-step mixed model-based approach. Genomic scans were followed by gene-set analyses in order to reveal the genetic mechanisms controlling abdominal obesity. The association mapping revealed four regions located on BTA19, BTA20 and BTA24 with significant additive effects. These regions harbor genes, such as SMAD7, ANKRD55, and the HOXB family, that are implicated in lipolysis and insulin tolerance. Three regions located on BTA1, BTA13, and BTA24 showed marked non-additive effects. These regions harbor genes MRAP, MIS18A, PRNP and TSHZ1, that are directly implicated in adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. The gene-set analysis revealed functional terms related to cell arrangement, cell metabolism, cell proliferation, cell signaling, immune response, lipid metabolism, and membrane permeability, among other functions. We further evaluated the genetic link between visceral fat and two metabolic disorders, ketosis, and displaced abomasum. For this, we analyzed 28k records of incidence of metabolic disorders from 14k cows across lactations using a single-step genomic BLUP approach. Notably, the region on BTA20 significantly associated with visceral fat deposition was also associated with the incidence of displaced abomasum. Overall, our findings suggest that visceral fat deposition in dairy cows is controlled by both additive and non-additive effects. We detected at least one region with marked pleiotropic effects affecting both visceral fat accumulation and displaced abomasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Novo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ligia Cavani
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Pedro Melendez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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12
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Recent innovations and in-depth aspects of post-genome wide association study (Post-GWAS) to understand the genetic basis of complex phenotypes. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:485-497. [PMID: 34689168 PMCID: PMC8626474 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the high throughput and low cost of sequencing/genotyping approaches have led to the accumulation of a large amount of data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The first aim of this review is to highlight how post-GWAS analysis can be used make sense of the obtained associations. Novel directions for integrating GWAS results with other resources, such as somatic mutation, metabolite-transcript, and transcriptomic data, are also discussed; these approaches can help us move beyond each individual data point and provide valuable information about complex trait genetics. In addition, cross-phenotype association tests, when the loci detected by GWASs have significant associations with multiple traits, are reviewed to provide biologically informative results for use in real-time applications. This review also discusses the challenges of identifying interactions between genetic mutations (epistasis) and mutations of loci affecting more than one trait (pleiotropy) as underlying causes of cross-phenotype associations; these challenges can be overcome using post-GWAS analysis. Genetic similarities between phenotypes that can be revealed using post-GWAS analysis are also discussed. In summary, different methodologies of post-GWAS analysis are now available, enhancing the value of information obtained from GWAS results, and facilitating application in both humans and nonhuman species. However, precise methods still need to be developed to overcome challenges in the field and uncover the genetic underpinnings of complex traits.
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13
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Masip G, Foraita R, Silventoinen K, Adan RAH, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Hebestreit A, Keski-Rahkonen A, Lissner L, Mehlig K, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Pigeot I, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Bogl LH, Kaprio J. The temporal relationship between parental concern of overeating and childhood obesity considering genetic susceptibility: longitudinal results from the IDEFICS/I.Family study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:139. [PMID: 34732214 PMCID: PMC8567680 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genes and molecular pathways are associated with obesity, but the mechanisms from genes to obesity are less well known. Eating behaviors represent a plausible pathway, but because the relationships of eating behaviors and obesity may be bi-directional, it remains challenging to resolve the underlying pathways. A longitudinal approach is needed to assess the contribution of genetic risk during the development of obesity in childhood. In this study we aim to examine the relationships between the polygenic risk score for body mass index (PRS-BMI), parental concern of overeating and obesity indices during childhood. METHODS The IDEFICS/I.Family study is a school-based multicenter pan-European cohort of children observed for 6 years (mean ± SD follow-up 5.8 ± 0.4). Children examined in 2007/2008 (wave 1) (mean ± SD age: 4.4 ± 1.1, range: 2-9 years), in 2009/2010 (wave 2) and in 2013/2014 (wave 3) were included. A total of 5112 children (49% girls) participated at waves 1, 2 and 3. For 2656 children with genome-wide data we constructed a PRS based on 2.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Z-score BMI and z-score waist circumference (WC) were assessed and eating behaviors and relevant confounders were reported by parents via questionnaires. Parental concern of overeating was derived from principal component analyses from an eating behavior questionnaire. RESULTS In cross-lagged models, the prospective associations between z-score obesity indices and parental concern of overeating were bi-directional. In mediation models, the association between the PRS-BMI and parental concern of overeating at wave 3 was mediated by baseline z-BMI (β = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.21) and baseline z-WC (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.23). To a lesser extent, baseline parental concern of overeating also mediated the association between the PRS-BMI and z-BMI at wave 3 (β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.13) and z-WC at wave 3 (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the prospective associations between obesity indices and parental concern of overeating are likely bi-directional, but obesity indices have a stronger association with future parental concern of overeating than vice versa. The findings suggest parental concern of overeating as a possible mediator in the genetic susceptibility to obesity and further highlight that other pathways are also involved. A better understanding of the genetic pathways that lead to childhood obesity can help to prevent weight gain. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry number: ISRCTN62310987 Retrospectively registered 17 September 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Masip
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dénés Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Leonie H Bogl
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Xiao Y, Liu D, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Chronic stress, epigenetics, and adipose tissue metabolism in the obese state. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:88. [PMID: 33088334 PMCID: PMC7574417 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, endocrine and metabolic perturbations, including those induced by chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, are associated with the accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation. Such changes are attributable to a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that are influenced by the environment and exacerbated by chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stress exposure at different life stages can alter adipose tissue metabolism directly through epigenetic modification or indirectly through the manipulation of hypothalamic appetite regulation, and thereby contribute to endocrine changes that further disrupt whole-body energy balance. This review synthesizes current knowledge, with an emphasis on human clinical trials, to describe metabolic changes in adipose tissue and associated endocrine, genetic and epigenetic changes in the obese state. In particular, we discuss epigenetic changes induced by stress exposure and their contribution to appetite and adipocyte dysfunction, which collectively promote the pathogenesis of obesity. Such knowledge is critical for providing future directions of metabolism research and targets for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
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15
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Sodhi K, Denvir J, Liu J, Sanabria JR, Chen Y, Silverstein R, Xie Z, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI. Oxidant-Induced Alterations in the Adipocyte Transcriptome: Role of the Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165923. [PMID: 32824688 PMCID: PMC7460641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recently we have noted that adipocyte specific expression of the peptide, NaKtide, which was developed to attenuate the Na,K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop, could ameliorate the phenotypical features of uremic cardiomyopathy. We performed this study to better characterize the cellular transcriptomes that are involved in various biological pathways associated with adipocyte function occurring with renal failure. (2) Methods: RNAseq was performed on the visceral adipose tissue of animals subjected to partial nephrectomy. Specific expression of NaKtide in adipocytes was achieved using an adiponectin promoter. To better understand the cause of gene expression changes in vivo, 3T3L1 adipocytes were exposed to indoxyl sulfate (IS) or oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), with and without pNaKtide (the cell permeant form of NaKtide). RNAseq was also performed on these samples. (3) Results: We noted a large number of adipocyte genes were altered in experimental renal failure. Adipocyte specific NaKtide expression reversed most of these abnormalities. High correlation with some cardiac specific phenotypical features was noted amongst groups of these genes. In the murine adipocytes, both IS and oxLDL induced similar pathway changes as were noted in vivo, and pNaKtide appeared to reverse these changes. Network analysis demonstrated tremendous similarities between the network revealed by gene expression analysis with IS compared with oxLDL, and the combined in vitro dataset was noted to also have considerable similarity to that seen in vivo with experimental renal failure. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that the myriad of phenotypical features seen with experimental renal failure may be fundamentally linked to oxidant stress within adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - James Denvir
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Juan R. Sanabria
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Roy Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Zijian Xie
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704
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16
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Ahn J, Wu H, Lee K. Integrative Analysis Revealing Human Heart-Specific Genes and Consolidating Heart-Related Phenotypes. Front Genet 2020; 11:777. [PMID: 32903789 PMCID: PMC7438927 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating expression patterns of heart-specific genes is crucial for understanding developmental, physiological, and pathological processes of the heart. The aim of the present study is to identify functionally and pathologically important heart-specific genes by performing the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Through a median-based analysis of tissue-specific gene expression based on the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, we identified 56 genes with heart-specific or elevated expressions in the heart (heart-specific/enhanced), among which three common heart-specific/enhanced genes and four atrial appendage-specific/enhanced genes were unreported regarding the heart. Differential expression analysis further revealed 225 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between atrial appendage and left ventricle. Our integrative analyses of those heart-specific/enhanced genes and DEGs with IPA revealed enriched heart-related traits and diseases, consolidating evidence of relationships between these genes and heart function. Our reports on comprehensive identification of heart-specific/enhanced genes and DEGs and their relation to pathways associated with heart-related traits and diseases provided molecular insights into essential regulators of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology and potential new therapeutic targets for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Huiguang Wu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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17
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M, Kehr S, Klöting N, Krohn K, Adams K, Stadler PF, Mendham AE, Goedecke JH. Distinct abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue transcriptome signatures are altered by exercise training in African women with obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10240. [PMID: 32581226 PMCID: PMC7314771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential associations of adipose depots with metabolic risk during obesity have been proposed to be controlled by environmental and genetic factors. We evaluated the regional differences in transcriptome signatures between abdominal (aSAT) and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (gSAT) in obese black South African women and tested the hypothesis that 12-week exercise training alters gene expression patterns in a depot-specific manner. Twelve young women performed 12-weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), whole-body composition and unbiased gene expression analysis of SAT depots. VO2peak increased, body weight decreased, and body fat distribution improved with exercise training (p < 0.05). The expression of 15 genes, mainly associated with embryonic development, differed between SAT depots at baseline, whereas 318 genes were differentially expressed post-training (p < 0.05). Four developmental genes were differentially expressed between these depots at both time points (HOXA5, DMRT2, DMRT3 and CSN1S1). Exercise training induced changes in the expression of genes associated with immune and inflammatory responses, and lipid metabolism in gSAT, and muscle-associated processes in aSAT. This study showed differences in developmental processes regulating SAT distribution and expandability of distinct depots, and depot-specific adaptation to exercise training in black South African women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Adams
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Sudhakaran M, Doseff AI. The Targeted Impact of Flavones on Obesity-Induced Inflammation and the Potential Synergistic Role in Cancer and the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2020; 25:E2477. [PMID: 32471061 PMCID: PMC7321129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world's total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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