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Hadeiy SK, Gholami N, McDonald R, Rezaei O, Kolahi AA, Zamani N, Shamsi-Lahijani A, Noghrehchi F, Carter G, Hassanian-Moghaddam H. Hospital-treated intentional self-poisoning events and in-hospital mortality in Tehran before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35637762 PMCID: PMC9132605 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hospital-treated intentional self-poisoning is common. The possibility of changed (increased) suicidal behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic has been raised. To compare frequencies in self-poisoning events (SPEs) and the proportions with in-hospital mortality, in the year prior to and following the official onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in a population of hospital-treated self-poisoning patients in Iran. All self-poisoned patients admitted to Loghman-Hakim Hospital, a clinical toxicology specialty hospital in Tehran, were included. The frequency of SPEs was compared between the one-year periods immediately before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic using Poisson regression. Differences in proportions of in-hospital mortality were also compared using logistic regression. A total of 14,478 patients with 15,391 SPEs (8,863 [61.2%] females) were evaluated in the study. There was no difference in the overall frequency of SPEs (relative risk [RR] of 0.99 [CI95% 0.96-1.03]), but a small increase in males (RR 1.07; 1.02-1.13) and a minor decrease in females (RR 0.95; 0.91-0.99). In total, 330 patients died (2.3% of all SPEs). There was no difference in overall in-hospital mortality odds ratio (OR: 0.98 [0.79-1.22]), in females (OR = 1.14 [0.80-1.60]) or males (OR = 0.92 [0.69-1.23]). There was no change in the frequency of SPEs and no difference in the in-hospital mortality proportions, suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic had little or no effect on these aspects of suicidal behavior in Iran. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03248-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kaveh Hadeiy
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Gholami
- Department of Pediatrics, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rebecca McDonald
- SERAF, Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Omidvar Rezaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, South Karegar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Zamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Firouzeh Noghrehchi
- Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology Research Group, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics & Digital Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Gregory Carter
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gardiner E, Baumgart A, Tong A, Elliott JH, Azevedo LC, Bersten A, Cervantes L, Chew DP, Cho Y, Crowe S, Douglas IS, Evangelidis N, Flemyng E, Horby P, Howell M, Lee J, Lorca E, Lynch D, Marshall JC, Gonzalez AM, McKenzie A, Manera K, Mehta S, Mer M, Morris AC, Nseir S, Povoa P, Reid M, Sakr Y, Shen N, Smyth AR, Snelling T, Strippoli GFM, Teixeira-Pinto A, Torres A, Viecelli AK, Webb S, Williamson PR, Woc-Colburn L, Zhang J, Craig JC. Perspectives of patients, family members, health professionals and the public on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. J Ment Health 2022; 31:524-533. [PMID: 34983279 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has seen a global surge in anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and stress. AIMS This study aimed to describe the perspectives of patients with COVID-19, their family, health professionals, and the general public on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. METHODS A secondary thematic analysis was conducted using data from the COVID-19 COS project. We extracted data on the perceived causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health from an international survey and seven online consensus workshops. RESULTS We identified four themes (with subthemes in parenthesis): anxiety amidst uncertainty (always on high alert, ebb and flow of recovery); anguish of a threatened future (intense frustration of a changed normality, facing loss of livelihood, trauma of ventilation, a troubling prognosis, confronting death); bearing responsibility for transmission (fear of spreading COVID-19 in public; overwhelming guilt of infecting a loved one); and suffering in isolation (severe solitude of quarantine, sick and alone, separation exacerbating grief). CONCLUSION We found that the unpredictability of COVID-19, the fear of long-term health consequences, burden of guilt, and suffering in isolation profoundly impacted mental health. Clinical and public health interventions are needed to manage the psychological consequences arising from this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Baumgart
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian H Elliott
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Bersten
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lilia Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, United States
| | - Derek P Chew
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yeoungjee Cho
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Ivor S Douglas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, School of Medicine Denver, Denver Health and University of Colorado Anschutz, United States
| | - Nicole Evangelidis
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ella Flemyng
- Editorial and Methods Department, Cochrane, London, UK
| | - Peter Horby
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Howell
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eduardo Lorca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - John C Marshall
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea Matus Gonzalez
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Karine Manera
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mervyn Mer
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care and Pulmonology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Saad Nseir
- Critical Care Centre, CHU Lille, and Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Pedro Povoa
- Nova Medical School, CHRC, Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, Sao Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, OUH Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mark Reid
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, United States
| | - Yasser Sakr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Alan R Smyth
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tom Snelling
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giovanni F M Strippoli
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pulmonology, Respiratory Intitute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona (UB), CIBERES, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea K Viecelli
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steve Webb
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Laila Woc-Colburn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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3
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Impact of Covid-19 on research and training in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 165:283-305. [PMID: 36208905 PMCID: PMC9066297 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic and the consequent restrictions imposed worldwide have posed an unprecedented challenge to research and training in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pandemic has caused loss of productivity, reduced access to funding, an oft-acute switch to digital platforms, and changes in daily work protocols, or even redeployment. Frequently, clinical and research appointments were suspended or changed as a solution to limit the risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread and infection, but since the care and research in the field of movement disorders had traditionally been performed at in-person settings, the repercussions of the pandemic have even been more keenly felt in these areas. In this chapter, we review the implications of this impact on neurological research and training, with an emphasis on PD, as well as highlight lessons that can be learnt from how the Covid-19 pandemic has been managed in terms of restrictions in these crucial aspects of the neurosciences. One of the solutions brought to the fore has been to replace the traditional way of performing research and training with remote, and therefore socially distanced, alternatives. However, this has introduced fresh challenges in international collaboration, contingency planning, study prioritization, safety precautions, artificial intelligence, and various forms of digital technology. Nonetheless, in the long-term, these strategies will allow us to mitigate the adverse impact on PD research and training in future crises.
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Vignoles VL, Jaser Z, Taylor F, Ntontis E. Harnessing Shared Identities to Mobilize Resilient Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:817-826. [PMID: 33821062 PMCID: PMC8013210 DOI: 10.1111/pops.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Shared social identifications (family, community, nation, humanity) predict normative actions and psychological well-being and can be invoked discursively by leaders to mobilize their followers. We illustrate the potential for harnessing shared identities to mobilize resilient public responses against COVID-19. Study 1 explored which patterns of social identification predicted protective behaviors (personal hygiene, physical distancing), prosocial actions (helping proximal and distal others), and psychological well-being (mental well-being, depressive symptoms, anxiety) among 560 U.K. adults surveyed during lockdown. Study 2 contrasted Prime Minister Ardern's use of identity-based rhetoric to mobilize New Zealanders, with Prime Minister Johnson's use of individualistic appeals to the U.K. public. Our findings suggest how political leaders might beneficially use social identities in communications about extreme events.
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Vignoles VL, Jaser Z, Taylor F, Ntontis E. Harnessing Shared Identities to Mobilize Resilient Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:817-826. [PMID: 33821062 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/g9q5u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shared social identifications (family, community, nation, humanity) predict normative actions and psychological well-being and can be invoked discursively by leaders to mobilize their followers. We illustrate the potential for harnessing shared identities to mobilize resilient public responses against COVID-19. Study 1 explored which patterns of social identification predicted protective behaviors (personal hygiene, physical distancing), prosocial actions (helping proximal and distal others), and psychological well-being (mental well-being, depressive symptoms, anxiety) among 560 U.K. adults surveyed during lockdown. Study 2 contrasted Prime Minister Ardern's use of identity-based rhetoric to mobilize New Zealanders, with Prime Minister Johnson's use of individualistic appeals to the U.K. public. Our findings suggest how political leaders might beneficially use social identities in communications about extreme events.
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6
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Kandeğer A, Aydın M, Altınbaş K, Cansız A, Tan Ö, Tomar Bozkurt H, Eğilmez Ü, Tekdemir R, Şen B, Aktuğ Demir N, Sümer Ş, Ural O, Yormaz B, Ergün D, Tülek B, Kanat F. Evaluation of the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 2021; 56:240-254. [PMID: 33356704 DOI: 10.1177/0091217420982085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients by comparing them with a matched control group in terms of age, gender, and education level. METHOD The patient group (n = 84) and the healthy controls (HCs, n = 92) filled in the questionnaire including the socio-demographic form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced through the online survey link. RESULTS The COVID-19 patients had higher perceived social support and coping strategies scores than the HCs. However, anxiety and depression scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. In logistic regression analysis performed in COVID-19 patients, the presence of chest CT finding (OR = 4.31; 95% CI = 1.04-17.95) was a risk factor for anxiety and the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73-0.99) had a negative association with anxiety. In addition, the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79-0.98) and high perceived social support (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.93- 0,99) had a negative association with depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal studies involving the return to normality phase of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to investigate the effects of factors such as coping strategies and perceived social support that could increase the psychological adjustment and resilience of individuals on anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kandeğer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Memduha Aydın
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Altınbaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Cansız
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özge Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hazan Tomar Bozkurt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ümran Eğilmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Tekdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Barış Şen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nazlım Aktuğ Demir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şua Sümer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Onur Ural
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Burcu Yormaz
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ergün
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Baykal Tülek
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fikret Kanat
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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7
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Development of the Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126311. [PMID: 34200858 PMCID: PMC8296124 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an instrument for measuring the attitudes that reflect the characteristics of the pandemic (Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS)) and verifying its validity and reliability. This study used a methodological research design and was conducted with a development step and an evaluation step. The development step included development of preliminary items, content validity, face validity, and preliminary investigation. The evaluation step included item analysis, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, factor naming, reliability, and completion of the final instrument. The A-PAS developed in this study consisted of a total of 20 items in five dimensions. The internal consistency of 20 items of the A-PAS, Cronbach’s α was 0.92 for 20 items, Cronbach’s α for each factor, a subscale of instrument, was 0.61~0.87 and Raykov’s p coefficient of each factor, which is a subscale of the tool, was found to be 0.60 to 0.88. Analysis of construct validity showed the results as follows: χ2 (p) = 134.05 (p < 0.001), RMSEA = 0.02, RMR = 0.02, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.99. The study findings suggest that the developed instrument can be utilized to measure the attitudes of adults toward pandemics, and reflect the reality of the pandemic situation. The outcomes can be used as valuable data for intervention, prevention activities, and policy preparation. The instrument will be applied in the event of a pandemic, such as COVID-19, and will be helpful in promoting the health of the people.
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Muehlschlegel PA, Parkinson EA, Chan RY, Arden MA, Armitage CJ. Learning from previous lockdown measures and minimising harmful biopsychosocial consequences as they end: A systematic review. J Glob Health 2021; 11:05008. [PMID: 34055328 PMCID: PMC8141332 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious outbreaks, most recently coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have required pervasive public health strategies, termed lockdown measures, including quarantine, social distancing, and closure of workplaces and educational establishments. Although evidence analysing immediate effects is expanding, repercussions following lockdown measures remain poorly understood. This systematic review aims to analyse biopsychosocial consequences after lockdown measures end according to short, medium, and long-term impacts. Methods PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to January 12, 2021. Reference lists were manually reviewed. Eligible studies analysed biopsychosocial functioning after lockdown measures secondary to recent infectious outbreaks ended. Lockdown measures were defined as quarantine, isolation, workplace or educational closures, social or physical distancing, and national or local closure of public institutions deemed non-essential. Studies exclusively researching outcomes during lockdown measures, examined infectious participants, or analysed lockdown measures not pertaining to an infectious outbreak were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed bias with a third resolving discrepancies. Data was extracted from published reports with further information requested from authors where necessary. The mixed methods appraisal tool assessed study quality, languages were restricted to English, German, Italian, and French and narrative synthesis was applied. Results Of 5149 identified studies, 40 were eligible for inclusion. Psychological distress, economic repercussions, social, biological, and behavioural ramifications were observed. Short to medium-term effects comprised reactions relating to early trauma processing whereas medium to long-term repercussions manifested in maladaptive behaviours and mental health deterioration. Increased alcohol intake, stigmatisation, and economic effects were also identified consequences. High-risk groups included health care workers, children, elderly, inpatients, those with pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses, and socially isolated individuals. Conclusions Supporting vulnerable groups and offering education, workplace modifications, financial, and social assistance may mitigate negative repercussions. Establishing a rapid and comprehensive evidence base appraising the efficacy of such interventions and identifying areas for development is essential. This review was limited by study heterogeneity and lack of randomisation in available literature. Given the unprecedented nature and progression of COVID-19, the relevance of previous outcomes remains uncertain. Protocol registration PROSPERO registration CRD42020181134
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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9
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Hakim MP, Zanetta LD, da Cunha DT. Should I stay, or should I go? Consumers' perceived risk and intention to visit restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110152. [PMID: 33642018 PMCID: PMC7834331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify how consumers’ intention to visit restaurants during the pandemic is affected by consumers’ risk perception and different types of trust. The sample was composed of 546 consumers from 89 different cities in Brazil. An adapted 43 items questionnaire with 5-point scales was administered, and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that consumers' trust in a restaurant and brand, fair price, solidarity with the restaurant sector, disease denial, and health surveillance trust predict intention to visit a restaurant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Age has significant moderated effects, reducing disease denial effects. The trust in restaurants and brands was the factor with the largest effect size. In a multigroup analysis, it was found that solidarity with the sector does not affect the intention to visit restaurants for consumers without formal work. It is discussed the implications of an increased consumers' risk perception, directly affecting their intentions. Special attention to consumers’ trust and fair price perception is fundamental, given consumers’ solidary inclination toward helping the restaurant sector. These aspects must be recognized by restaurant owners and managers to be improved and be used to attract consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piton Hakim
- Multidisciplinary Food and Health Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Luis D'Avoglio Zanetta
- Multidisciplinary Food and Health Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Thimoteo da Cunha
- Multidisciplinary Food and Health Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
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10
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Beato AF, da Costa LP, Nogueira R. "Everything Is Gonna Be Alright with Me": The Role of Self-Compassion, Affect, and Coping in Negative Emotional Symptoms during Coronavirus Quarantine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042017. [PMID: 33669661 PMCID: PMC7923103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-compassion has been associated with less distress, particularly when people face stressful and negative events. This study analyzed the mediation role of coping and affect in the relation between self-compassion and negative emotional symptoms during the quarantine decreed by Portuguese Health Authorities in the first phase of the coronavirus outbreak. A total of 428 Portuguese adults (75% women; Mage = 40.8, SD = 11.6) completed an online survey comprised by the Self-Compassion Scale (predictor); Short Version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (outcomes); The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; and Brief-COPE. These instruments were adapted to COVID 19’s epidemic. Parallel mediation analyses demonstrated that self-compassionate participants were at less risk of suffering from symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress during the quarantine. Plus, the relation between self-compassion and depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms were mediated by negative affect and dysfunctional coping style, but only for symptoms of depression. The findings support coping strategies and affect as links between self-compassion and distress but also the importance of separately analyzing the role of self-compassion, negative affect, and coping on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Low self-compassion might increase negative affect, maintaining stress responses to face demanding events during the COVID-19 epidemic. Results were discussed in the context of the pandemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Beato
- HEI-Lab, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Clinical Center of Development PIN-Em Todas as Fases da Vida, 2770-022 Paço de Arcos, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Rita Nogueira
- Clinical Center of Development PIN-Em Todas as Fases da Vida, 2770-022 Paço de Arcos, Portugal;
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11
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Yang Y, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Shan C, Chang S, Jen PHS. Mental Health and Psychological Impact on Students with or without Hearing Loss during the Recurrence of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1421. [PMID: 33546488 PMCID: PMC7913727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the mental health and psychological response of students with or without hearing loss during the recurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing, the capital of China. It explores the relevant factors affecting mental health and provides evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We used the Chinese version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 (DASS-21) to assess the mental health and the impact of events scale-revised (IES-R) to assess the COVID-19 psychological impact. RESULTS The students with hearing loss are frustrated with their disability and particularly vulnerable to stress symptoms, but they are highly endurable in mitigating this negative impact on coping with their well-being and responsibilities. They are also more resilient psychologically but less resistant mentally to the pandemic impacts than the students with normal hearing. Their mental and psychological response to the pandemic is associated with more related factors and variables than that of the students with normal hearing is. CONCLUSIONS To safeguard the welfare of society, timely information on the pandemic, essential services for communication disorders, additional assistance and support in mental counseling should be provided to the vulnerable persons with hearing loss that are more susceptible to a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Yanan Xiao
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Yulu Liu
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Changshuo Shan
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shulin Chang
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Philip H.-S. Jen
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (C.S.); (S.C.)
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, MO 65211, USA
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12
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Tsipropoulou V, Nikopoulou VA, Holeva V, Nasika Z, Diakogiannis I, Sakka S, Kostikidou S, Varvara C, Spyridopoulou E, Parlapani E. Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of FCV-19S. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 19:2279-2288. [PMID: 32837420 PMCID: PMC7250285 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 delivered a devastating blow around Europe, unprecedented mental health issues have arisen. This study outlines the Greek translation and validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in the general population. A sample of 3029 Greek-speaking individuals completed the FCV-19S, as part of a large online survey reporting on the aftermath of the coronavirus on the psychological health of Greeks. A total of 2970 participants completed all items without missing values, and their responses were included in the statistical analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested an acceptable model fit. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha = .87 for the whole scale. All hypothesized correlations were as expected, confirming the construct validity of the scale. The results of the analyses suggest that the psychometric properties of the Greek FCV-19S are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Tsipropoulou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V. A. Nikopoulou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Holeva
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Z. Nasika
- 1st Acute Ward, Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. Diakogiannis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S. Sakka
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S. Kostikidou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C. Varvara
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Spyridopoulou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Parlapani
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Khan MI, Saleem HAR, Anwar MF, Chang YC. Novel Coronavirus and Emerging Mental Health Issues—A Timely Analysis of Potential Consequences and Legal Policies Perspective. FUDAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021; 14. [PMCID: PMC7841381 DOI: 10.1007/s40647-020-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swiftly crossed borders, and inflicted the global mental health issues. It is also affecting peoples’ daily behaviours, economics, prevention strategies and decision-making among policymakers, healthcare organisations and medical centres that may unintentionally weaken COVID-19 control strategies and lead to increased morbidity, as well as mental health care needs globally. Ultimately, this outbreak is leading to further health complications worldwide, such as stress, fear of the unknown, anger, anxiety, denial, depression symptoms, and insomnia. Notwithstanding all the resources used to counter the spread of the virus, further universal strategies are desirable to address the associated mental health problems. The present study uses the qualitative means to investigate the potential impact of COVID-19, the consequences and legal aspects, then recommend policy implications, in an attempt to cover any apparent loopholes. It presents a unique analysis of its kind on the policy and legal aspects of the ongoing pandemic, as regards mental health. It concludes that there is an acute need to prioritising the health care and curative issues, strengthen awareness and address the psychological syndromes or similar complications afflicting members of the general public during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Idris Khan
- School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning Province China
- Business Administration Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, ILMA University, Karachi, 75190 Sindh Province Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Fahad Anwar
- Department of Law, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000 Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Yen-Chiang Chang
- School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning Province China
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14
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Rodríguez S, Valle A, Piñeiro I, Rodríguez-Llorente C, Guerrero E, Martins L. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Stress of People from Spain Confined by COVID-19. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:1095-1105. [PMID: 34542438 PMCID: PMC8314322 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study responds to the need to explore the individual characteristics that may help us to understand the levels of stress involved in the significant COVID-19-related restrictions to people's daily lives. In order to understand levels of stress and stress control during the COVID-19 confinement, 1269 people from Spain (17.5% men) aged between 18 and 70 completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The results indicated that people aged under 40, and especially those under 25, women, and those on low incomes reported higher rates of confinement stress. The nature of where people live, and their working situation during confinement also contributed to people's stress response, although with lower levels of impact. In this context, our study suggests that the levels of stress in those who combine remote working with in situ working were lower than those who had other working conditions. Our study contributes significant information to understanding the effects of confinement, and its results may be used to inform intervention tools and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Rodríguez-Llorente
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (S.R.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (E.G.); (L.M.)
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15
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Chang YR, Kim KM, Kim HJ, Kim DH, Kim J, Noh D, Ma DS, Yun J, Yun JH, Lee SW, Choi SH, Heo Y, Chang SW. Impacts of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreaks in Korea: Level 1 Trauma Center Data of Domestic Incidents and Intentional Injury. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:345-350. [PMID: 33403197 PMCID: PMC7752146 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.6.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a protective measure to slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea, social distancing was implemented from February 29th, 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of domestic incidents and intentional injury during March 2020 when social distancing was in effect. METHODS There were 12,638 patients who visited the Level 1 trauma center of Chungnam province with injuries from domestic incidents, familial discord, and intentional injury. The prevalence of injuries during March 2020 was compared with the average of the previous 5 years, and the average for every March between 2015 and 2019. RESULTS The prevalence of domestic incidents in March 2020 was significantly higher than the 5-year average, and the average for every March from 2015 to 2019 (p < 0.001). Familial discord (p = 0.002) and intentional injury (p = 0.031) were more frequently observed in March 2020. Adolescents showed a markedly higher level of intentional injury in March 2020 than in both the 5-year average (p = 0.031), and average for every March over the previous 5 years (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION The prevalence of domestic incidents and intentional injury were significantly higher during the period of social distancing in Korea. There is a need for social consensus, better policies, and psychological support services, especially if faced with a second or third wave of coronavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Rim Chang
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyo Joung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jeonsang Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dongsub Noh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dae Sung Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jeongseok Yun
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seok Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Heo
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Trauma Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in enormous losses in terms of human lives and economy in United States. The outbreak has been continuing to heavily impact the mental health of people. Developing key strategies to prevent mental illnesses is extremely important for the well-being of people. A survey conducted during the last week of March 2020 showed that 72% of Americans felt that their lives were impacted by the outbreak, which was a 32% increase from the survey conducted only 2 weeks earlier. The results show a positive correlation between COVID-19 infections/casualties and growing public concern. These observations suggest possible increase in mental health illnesses in United States as a consequence of the pandemic. The authors review a recently published model on COVID-19 related fear among the people. The fear of being infected or dying from the disease is one of the most significant causes of mental health disorders. Loss of employment or the fear of losing employment is another major concern leading to mental illnesses. Several unique strategies to prevent or mitigate mental illnesses are discussed.
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17
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Schippers MC. For the Greater Good? The Devastating Ripple Effects of the Covid-19 Crisis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:577740. [PMID: 33132987 PMCID: PMC7550468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the crisis around Covid-19 evolves, it becomes clear that there are numerous negative side-effects of the lockdown strategies implemented by many countries. Currently, more evidence becomes available that the lockdowns may have more negative effects than positive effects. For instance, many measures taken in a lockdown aimed at protecting human life may compromise the immune system, and purpose in life, especially of vulnerable groups. This leads to the paradoxical situation of compromising the immune system and physical and mental health of many people, including the ones we aim to protect. Also, it is expected that hundreds of millions of people will die from hunger and postponed medical treatments. Other side effects include financial insecurity of billions of people, physical and mental health problems, and increased inequalities. The economic and health repercussions of the crisis will be falling disproportionately on young workers, low-income families and women, and thus exacerbate existing inequalities. As the virus outbreak and media coverage spread fear and anxiety, superstition, cognitive dissonance reduction and conspiracy theories are ways to find meaning and reduce anxiety. These behavioral aspects may play a role in the continuance of lockdown decisions. Based on theories regarding agnotology (i.e., the ways ignorance or doubt about certain topics is created by means of withholding or presenting information in a certain way), social influence, superstition and stress and coping, I seek to explain the social and behavioral aspects of human behavior in times of crises. Both the Covid-19 crisis itself as well as the resulting economic and (mental) health crisis are global problems that may require global solutions. I present a model of drivers and outcomes of lockdown behaviors and offer suggestions and a tool to counteract the negative psychological effects by means of online life crafting therapeutic writing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaéla C. Schippers
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Kim K, Jung SW, Cho WH, Moon H, Jeong KH, Kim JS, Lee SH, Ahn SY, Yang DH, Lee HJ, Lee DY, Moon JY, Kim YG. Associations between Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Inflammation, and Their Clinical Implications for Patients on Hemodialysis: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Blood Purif 2020; 50:214-221. [PMID: 32862176 DOI: 10.1159/000510088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) has recently been in the spotlight as an endogenously produced danger molecule that can potentially elicit inflammation. However, its clinical and prognostic implications are uncertain in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS We examined the association of baseline cf-mtDNA categorized as tertiles with health-related quality of life (HRQOL), inflammatory cytokines, and mortality in a multicenter prospective cohort of 334 patients on hemodialysis. To better understand cf-mtDNA-mediated inflammation, we measured cytokine production after in vitro stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with mtDNA. RESULTS The higher cf-mtDNA tertile had a longer dialysis vintage, a greater comorbidity burden, and increased levels of inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CXCL16, and osteoprotegerin. In particular, mtDNA augmented inflammatory cytokine release from BMDMs by lipopolysaccharide, the levels of which are reported to be increased in hemodialysis patients. Although the patients with higher levels of cf-mtDNA generally had lower (poorer) scores for HRQOL, cf-mtDNA was not associated with all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. CONCLUSION cf-mtDNA was correlated with poor clinical status and modestly associated with impaired quality of life in patients on hemodialysis. In proinflammatory milieu in end-stage renal disease, these associations may be attributed to the boosting effects of cf-mtDNA on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipyo Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Woong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Cho
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haena Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Ahn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Joo Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Healthcare System Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Subramaney U, Kim AW, Chetty I, Chetty S, Jayrajh P, Govender M, Maharaj P, Pak E. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Psychiatric Sequelae in South Africa: Anxiety and Beyond. WITS JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 2:115-122. [PMID: 34056576 PMCID: PMC8162198 DOI: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2n2a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the health sector nationwide and internationally. Across all disciplines, unique and novel modes of presentation with substantial morbidity and mortality are being encountered, and growing evidence suggests that psychiatric comorbidity is likely among COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVE This article aims to broaden the current discussion on the psychiatric sequalae of COVID-19, which has largely focused on anxiety, and examine the recently documented psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 infection, the secondary effects of the pandemic on public mental health, and future psychiatric conditions that may arise due to COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an in-depth review of the current global psychiatric literature and describe the wide range of psychopathological presentations reported among past COVID-19 patients worldwide and those that are expected to emerge. RESULTS Current discussions in the psychiatric literature on COVID-19 report anxiety and anxiety disorders as a predominant set of clinical presentations during the pandemic. The impacts of direct COVID-19 infection, associated psychopathological sequelae, and drastic lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, are associated with a broad range of psychopathologies and other neuropsychiatric presentations. Pre-existing societal conditions and burdens on the health system in South Africa prompt healthcare providers and public health planners to accordingly prepare for the expected rise in new psychiatric presentations. CONCLUSION Greater awareness of the various psychiatric conditions attributed to COVID-19 infection may allow for earlier screening, more effective treatment, and greater positive health outcomes and better prepare health systems to address the growing pandemic in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugasvaree Subramaney
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Indhrin Chetty
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Shren Chetty
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Preethi Jayrajh
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Mallorie Govender
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Pralene Maharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - EungSok Pak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
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20
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van Agteren J, Bartholomaeus J, Fassnacht DB, Iasiello M, Ali K, Lo L, Kyrios M. Using Internet-Based Psychological Measurement to Capture the Deteriorating Community Mental Health Profile During COVID-19: Observational Study. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e20696. [PMID: 32490845 PMCID: PMC7294997 DOI: 10.2196/20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is expected to have widespread and pervasive implications for mental health in terms of deteriorating outcomes and increased health service use, leading to calls for empirical research on mental health during the pandemic. Internet-based psychological measurement can play an important role in collecting imperative data, assisting to guide evidence-based decision making in practice and policy, and subsequently facilitating immediate reporting of measurement results to participants. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to use an internet-based mental health measurement platform to compare the mental health profile of community members during COVID-19 with community members assessed before the pandemic. METHODS This study uses an internet-based self-assessment tool to collect data on psychological distress, mental well-being, and resilience in community cohorts during (n=673) and prior to the pandemic (two cohorts, n=1264 and n=340). RESULTS Our findings demonstrate significantly worse outcomes on all mental health measures for participants measured during COVID-19 compared to those measured before (P<.001 for all outcomes, effect sizes ranging between Cohen d=0.32 to Cohen d=0.81. Participants who demonstrated problematic scores for at least one of the mental health outcomes increased from 58% (n=197/340) before COVID-19 to 79% (n=532/673) during COVID-19, leading to only 21% (n=141) of measured participants displaying good mental health during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly demonstrate deterioration in mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Although further research is needed, our findings support the serious mental health implications of the pandemic and highlight the utility of internet-based data collection tools in providing evidence to innovate and strengthen practice and policy during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep van Agteren
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan Bartholomaeus
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Iasiello
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathina Ali
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Laura Lo
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael Kyrios
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, Australia
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21
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Ojha R, Syed S. Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers. Internet Interv 2020; 21:100330. [PMID: 32542180 PMCID: PMC7267786 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for the devastation of hundreds of thousands of lives directly and has caused disruptions globally. Vulnerable populations, specifically those suffering from serious mental illness and homelessness, are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection resulting in medical complications and psychiatric destabilization. In addition, mental health has become increasingly relevant throughout the country given the psychological distress people have been facing due to the spread of COVID-19 and the toll of a more restricted way of living. Although the healthcare industry has quickly integrated novel ways of treating patients with mental illness with technological advances, these technologies are not applicable to different populations equally. There is a clear disparity that is represented within the public county health systems, which leads to a widening gap between those who receive adequate treatment for mental illness and those who do not. AIMS The aims of this paper were to provide a commentary on the benefits of technology-based psychiatric and psychological interventions based off experience in a public health system and based off a relevant, thorough literature review. In addition, we aim to highlight the importance of accessibility of these interventions for vulnerable populations and provide recommendations for integrating these services expeditiously. METHODS Literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. CONCLUSIONS Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. Within a public county health system, there are barriers with providing mental healthcare to vulnerable populations. These barriers, which are applicable throughout the United States, serve as a rationale for the need of innovative solutions for the integration of these services in not only emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in daily non-emergent operations to sufficiently address the needs for those needing mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Ojha
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America,Corresponding author at: David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Rochester Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States of America.
| | - Saba Syed
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center (6B-119H), 14445 Olive View Drive, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States of America
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22
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Torales J, Ríos-González C, Barrios I, O'Higgins M, González I, García O, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. Self-Perceived Stress During the Quarantine of COVID-19 Pandemic in Paraguay: An Exploratory Survey. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:558691. [PMID: 33192674 PMCID: PMC7649175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.558691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Any viral pandemic is a global health and mental health issue. The World Health Organization and mental health associations have warned that the current COVID-19 pandemic will lead to a drastic increase of stress-related conditions and mental health issues globally. Materials and Methods: An online web-based survey has been launched from 10 to 15 April 2020 in Paraguay in order to collect information regarding the stress related to the quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been spread through social media ("WhatsApp," "Twitter," and "Facebook"). Two thousand two hundred and six Paraguayan citizens, over 18 years of age, completed the survey voluntarily. Socio-demographics as well as ratings at Self-perceived Stress Scale have been collected and analyzed. Results: Two thousand two hundred and six subjects (74.12% men) aged between 18 and 75 with an average of 34 ± 11 years old completed the survey. 12.42% (276 subjects) of sample reported a preexisting diagnosis of mental disorder, and 175 participants (7.93%) reported an increase of preexisting symptoms with the onset of COVID-19 quarantine. 41.97% of them had anxiety and 54.38% did not receive any specific treatment. The general population rated 18.10 ± 5.99 at Self-perceived Stress Scale, which indicates a moderate level of self-perceived stress. Significant association was found between higher levels of stress and female sex, being single, or reporting preexisting mental disorder, above all anxiety and depression (p < 0.01). In fact, in 63.87% of mentally ill subjects (n = 175), the quarantine has worsened symptoms of preexisting mental disorders. Conclusion: This study suggests a stressful impact of COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of participants reporting a moderate level of self-perceived stress. We suggest mental health services to provide a phone-based or web-based support to the general population in order to contrast the psychological impact of the pandemic. This approach may improve the accessibility to mental healthcare services in Paraguay, especially in times of social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Carlos Ríos-González
- Research Department, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
| | - Iván Barrios
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Marcelo O'Higgins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Israel González
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Oscar García
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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23
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Park HC, Lee SH, Kim J, Kim DH, Cho AJ, Jeon HJ, Oh J, Noh JW, Jeong DW, Kim YG, Lee CH, Yoo KD, Lee YK. Effect of isolation practice on the transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among hemodialysis patients: A 2-year prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18782. [PMID: 32011472 PMCID: PMC7220504 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) patients had a high rate of infection transmission and mortality during the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. A standardized guideline on isolation technique for exposed HD patients is not available. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different isolation strategies on the prevention of secondary viral transmission and clinical outcomes among exposed HD patients.During the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea, 116 patients in 3 HD units were incidentally exposed to individuals with confirmed MERS-CoV infection and underwent different types of isolation, which were as follows: single-room isolation (n = 54, 47%), cohort isolation (n = 46, 40%), and self-imposed quarantine (n = 16, 13%). The primary outcome was rate of secondary viral transmission. The secondary outcome measures were changes in clinical and biochemical markers during the isolation period, difference in clinical and biochemical markers according to the types of isolation practice, and effect of isolation practice on patient survival.During a mean isolation period of 15 days, no further cases of secondary transmission were detected among HD patients. Plasma hemoglobin, serum calcium, and serum albumin levels and single-pool Kt/V decreased during the isolation period but normalized thereafter. Patients who were subjected to self-imposed quarantine had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lower total cholesterol level, and lower Kt/V than those who underwent single-room or cohort isolation. During the 24-month follow-up period, 12 patients died. However, none of the deaths occurred during the isolation period, and no differences were observed in patient survival rate according to different isolation strategies.Although 116 participants in 3 HD units were incidentally exposed to MERS-CoV during the 2015 outbreak in Korea, strict patient surveillance and proper isolation practice prevented secondary transmission of the virus. Thus, a renal disaster protocol, which includes proper contact surveillance and isolation practice, must be established in the future to accommodate the needs of HD patients during disasters or outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Juhee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
| | - AJin Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
| | - Hee Jung Jeon
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul
| | - Jieun Oh
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul
| | - Jung-Woo Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
| | - Da-Wun Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Yang-Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gangneung Medical Center, Gangneung
| | - Kyung Don Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute
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