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Sharma S, Kalyani N, Dutta T, Velázquez-González JS, Llamas-Garro I, Ung B, Bas J, Dubey R, Mishra SK. Optical Devices for the Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:296. [PMID: 38920599 PMCID: PMC11201428 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the central nervous system, the spinal cord plays a very important role, namely, transmitting sensory and motor information inwardly so that it can be processed by the brain. There are many different ways this structure can be damaged, such as through traumatic injury or surgery, such as scoliosis correction, for instance. Consequently, damage may be caused to the nervous system as a result of this. There is no doubt that optical devices such as microscopes and cameras can have a significant impact on research, diagnosis, and treatment planning for patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Additionally, these technologies contribute a great deal to our understanding of these injuries, and they are also essential in enhancing the quality of life of individuals with spinal cord injuries. Through increasingly powerful, accurate, and minimally invasive technologies that have been developed over the last decade or so, several new optical devices have been introduced that are capable of improving the accuracy of SCI diagnosis and treatment and promoting a better quality of life after surgery. We aim in this paper to present a timely overview of the various research fields that have been conducted on optical devices that can be used to diagnose spinal cord injuries as well as to manage the associated health complications that affected individuals may experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Sharma
- Department of Physics, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Neeti Kalyani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Denmark Technical University, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Taposhree Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howarh 711103, West Bengal, India;
| | - Jesús Salvador Velázquez-González
- Navigation and Positioning, Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain; (J.S.V.-G.); (I.L.-G.)
| | - Ignacio Llamas-Garro
- Navigation and Positioning, Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain; (J.S.V.-G.); (I.L.-G.)
| | - Bora Ung
- Electrical Engineering Department, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
| | - Joan Bas
- Space and Resilient Communications and Systems (SRCOM), Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
| | - Rakesh Dubey
- Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Satyendra K. Mishra
- Space and Resilient Communications and Systems (SRCOM), Center Technologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Avinguda Carl Friedrich Gauss, 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
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Cornelssen C, Payne A, Parker DL, Alexander M, Merrill R, Senthilkumar S, Christensen J, Wilcox KS, Odéen H, Rolston JD. Development of an MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Lesioning Approach for the Fornix in the Rat Brain. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:920-926. [PMID: 38521695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-intensity magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive therapy to lesion brain tissue, used clinically in patients and pre-clinically in several animal models. Challenges with focused ablation in rodent brains can include skull and near-field heating and accurately targeting small and deep brain structures. We overcame these challenges by creating a novel method consisting of a craniectomy skull preparation, a high-frequency transducer (3 MHz) with a small ultrasound focal spot, a transducer positioning system with an added manual adjustment of ∼0.1 mm targeting accuracy, and MR acoustic radiation force imaging for confirmation of focal spot placement. METHODS The study consisted of two main parts. First, two skull preparation approaches were compared. A skull thinning approach (n = 7 lesions) was compared to a craniectomy approach (n = 22 lesions), which confirmed a craniectomy was necessary to decrease skull and near-field heating. Second, the two transducer positioning systems were compared with the fornix chosen as a subcortical ablation target. We evaluated the accuracy of targeting using histologic methods from a high-frequency transducer with a small ultrasound focal spot and MR acoustic radiation force imaging. RESULTS Comparing a motorized adjustment system (∼1 mm precision, n = 17 lesions) to the motorized system with an added micromanipulator (∼0.1 mm precision, n = 14 lesions), we saw an increase in the accuracy of targeting the fornix by 133%. CONCLUSIONS The described work allows for repeatable and accurate targeting of small and deep structures in the rodent brain, such as the fornix, enabling the investigation of neurological disorders in chronic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena Cornelssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dennis L Parker
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Alexander
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robb Merrill
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sharayu Senthilkumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jacob Christensen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Henrik Odéen
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wu KC, Freedman BR, Kwon PS, Torre M, Kent DO, Bi WL, Mooney DJ. A tough bioadhesive hydrogel supports sutureless sealing of the dural membrane in porcine and ex vivo human tissue. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj0616. [PMID: 38507468 PMCID: PMC11145396 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Complete sequestration of central nervous system tissue and cerebrospinal fluid by the dural membrane is fundamental to maintaining homeostasis and proper organ function, making reconstruction of this layer an essential step during neurosurgery. Primary closure of the dura by suture repair is the current standard, despite facing technical, microenvironmental, and anatomic challenges. Here, we apply a mechanically tough hydrogel paired with a bioadhesive for intraoperative sealing of the dural membrane in rodent, porcine, and human central nervous system tissue. Tensile testing demonstrated that this dural tough adhesive (DTA) exhibited greater toughness with higher maximum stress and stretch compared with commercial sealants in aqueous environments. To evaluate the performance of DTA in the range of intracranial pressure typical of healthy and disease states, ex vivo burst pressure testing was conducted until failure after DTA or commercial sealant application on ex vivo porcine dura with a punch biopsy injury. In contrast to commercial sealants, DTA remained adhered to the porcine dura through increasing pressure up to 300 millimeters of mercury and achieved a greater maximum burst pressure. Feasibility of DTA to repair cerebrospinal fluid leak in a simulated surgical context was evaluated in postmortem human dural tissue. DTA supported effective sutureless repair of the porcine thecal sac in vivo. Biocompatibility and adhesion of DTA was maintained for up to 4 weeks in rodents after implantation. The findings suggest the potential of DTA to augment or perhaps even supplant suture repair and warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Phoebe S. Kwon
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew Torre
- Department of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel O. Kent
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Sergeev K, Semenova N, Slepnev A, Karavaev A, Hramkov A, Prokhorov M, Borovkova E, Blokhina I, Fedosov I, Shirokov A, Dubrovsky A, Terskov A, Manzhaeva M, Krupnova V, Dmitrenko A, Zlatogorskaya D, Adushkina V, Evsukova A, Tuzhilkin M, Elizarova I, Ilyukov E, Myagkov D, Tuktarov D, Kurths J. Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain's Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1605. [PMID: 38002287 PMCID: PMC10669477 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia enables the painless performance of complex surgical procedures. However, the effects of anesthesia on the brain may not be limited only by its duration. Also, anesthetic agents may cause long-lasting changes in the brain. There is growing evidence that anesthesia can disrupt the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. However, there are no widely used methods for real-time BBB monitoring during surgery. The development of technologies for an express diagnosis of the opening of the BBB (OBBB) is a challenge for reducing post-surgical/anesthesia consequences. In this study on male rats, we demonstrate a successful application of machine learning technology, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), to recognize the OBBB induced by isoflurane, which is widely used in surgery. The ANNs were trained on our previously presented data obtained on the sound-induced OBBB with an 85% testing accuracy. Using an optical and nonlinear analysis of the OBBB, we found that 1% isoflurane does not induce any changes in the BBB, while 4% isoflurane caused significant BBB leakage in all tested rats. Both 1% and 4% isoflurane stimulate the brain's drainage system (BDS) in a dose-related manner. We show that ANNs can recognize the OBBB induced by 4% isoflurane in 57% of rats and BDS activation induced by 1% isoflurane in 81% of rats. These results open new perspectives for the development of clinically significant bedside technologies for EEG-monitoring of OBBB and BDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Sergeev
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Nadezhda Semenova
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Andrey Slepnev
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Anatoly Karavaev
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Zelenaya Str. 38, 410019 Saratov, Russia
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachaya Str. 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey Hramkov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Zelenaya Str. 38, 410019 Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail Prokhorov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Zelenaya Str. 38, 410019 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Borovkova
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Zelenaya Str. 38, 410019 Saratov, Russia
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachaya Str. 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Inna Blokhina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Dubrovsky
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Andrey Terskov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Maria Manzhaeva
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Valeria Krupnova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Alexander Dmitrenko
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Daria Zlatogorskaya
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Viktoria Adushkina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Arina Evsukova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Matvey Tuzhilkin
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Inna Elizarova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Egor Ilyukov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Dmitry Myagkov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Dmitry Tuktarov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (K.S.); (N.S.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (I.F.); (A.D.); (E.I.); (D.T.)
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (A.D.); (D.Z.); (V.A.); (A.E.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (J.K.)
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 2, Building 4, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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Kim SJ, Affan RO, Frostig H, Scott BB, Alexander AS. Advances in cellular resolution microscopy for brain imaging in rats. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044304. [PMID: 38076724 PMCID: PMC10704261 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rats are used in neuroscience research because of their physiological similarities with humans and accessibility as model organisms, trainability, and behavioral repertoire. In particular, rats perform a wide range of sophisticated social, cognitive, motor, and learning behaviors within the contexts of both naturalistic and laboratory environments. Further progress in neuroscience can be facilitated by using advanced imaging methods to measure the complex neural and physiological processes during behavior in rats. However, compared with the mouse, the rat nervous system offers a set of challenges, such as larger brain size, decreased neuron density, and difficulty with head restraint. Here, we review recent advances in in vivo imaging techniques in rats with a special focus on open-source solutions for calcium imaging. Finally, we provide suggestions for both users and developers of in vivo imaging systems for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rifqi O. Affan
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hadas Frostig
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Scott
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center and Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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Madarász M, Fedor FZ, Fekete Z, Rózsa B. Immunohistological responses in mice implanted with Parylene HT - ITO ECoG devices. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1209913. [PMID: 37746144 PMCID: PMC10513038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1209913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparent epidural devices that facilitate the concurrent use of electrophysiology and neuroimaging are arising tools for neuroscience. Testing the biocompatibility and evoked immune response of novel implantable devices is essential to lay down the fundamentals of their extensive application. Here we present an immunohistochemical evaluation of a Parylene HT/indium-tin oxide (ITO) based electrocorticography (ECoG) device, and provide long-term biocompatibility data at three chronic implantation lengths. We implanted Parylene HT/ITO ECoG devices epidurally in 5 mice and evaluated the evoked astroglial response, neuronal density and cortical thickness. We found increased astroglial response in the superficial cortical layers of all mice compared to contralateral unimplanted controls. This difference was largest at the first time point and decreased over time. Neuronal density was lower on the implanted side only at the last time point, while cortical thickness was smaller in the first and second time points, but not at the last. In this study, we present data that confirms the feasibility and chronic use of Parylene HT/ITO ECoG devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Madarász
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai PhD Program of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Z. Fedor
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Sleep Oscillation Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Research Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Femtonics Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Wang X, Liisberg MB, Vonlehmden GL, Fu X, Cerretani C, Li L, Johnson LA, Vosch T, Richards CI. DNA-AgNC Loaded Liposomes for Measuring Cerebral Blood Flow Using Two-Photon Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:12862-12874. [PMID: 37341451 PMCID: PMC11065323 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the transport of drugs and nanocarriers in cerebrovascular networks is important for pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic studies but is challenging due to the complexity of sensing individual particles within the circulatory system of a live animal. Here, we demonstrate that a DNA-stabilized silver nanocluster (DNA-Ag16NC) that emits in the first near-infrared window upon two-photon excitation in the second NIR window can be used for multiphoton in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for the measurement of cerebral blood flow rates in live mice with high spatial and temporal resolution. To ensure bright and stable emission during in vivo experiments, we loaded DNA-Ag16NCs into liposomes, which served the dual purposes of concentrating the fluorescent label and protecting it from degradation. DNA-Ag16NC-loaded liposomes enabled the quantification of cerebral blood flow velocities within individual vessels of a living mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Mikkel B. Liisberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgia L. Vonlehmden
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xu Fu
- Light Microscopy Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Harris WJ, Asselin MC, Hinz R, Parkes LM, Allan S, Schiessl I, Boutin H, Dickie BR. In vivo methods for imaging blood-brain barrier function and dysfunction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1051-1083. [PMID: 36437425 PMCID: PMC9931809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the interface between the central nervous system and systemic circulation. It tightly regulates what enters and is removed from the brain parenchyma and is fundamental in maintaining brain homeostasis. Increasingly, the BBB is recognised as having a significant role in numerous neurological disorders, ranging from acute disorders (traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures) to chronic neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, small vessel disease). Numerous approaches have been developed to study the BBB in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The complex multicellular structure and effects of disease are difficult to recreate accurately in vitro, and functional aspects of the BBB cannot be easily studied ex vivo. As such, the value of in vivo methods to study the intact BBB cannot be overstated. This review discusses the structure and function of the BBB and how these are affected in diseases. It then discusses in depth several established and novel methods for imaging the BBB in vivo, with a focus on MRI, nuclear imaging, and high-resolution intravital fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William James Harris
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Michelle Parkes
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ben Robert Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Karavaev A, Prokhorov M, Runnova A, Borovkova E, Yu.M. I, Hramkov A, Kulminskiy D, Semenova N, Sergeev K, Slepnev A, Yu. SE, Zhuravlev M, Fedosov I, Shirokov A, Blokhina I, Dubrovski A, Terskov A, Khorovodov A, Ageev V, Elovenko D, Evsukova A, Adushkina V, Telnova V, Postnov D, Penzel T, Kurths J. EEG biomarkers of activation of the lymphatic drainage system of the brain during sleep and opening of the blood-brain barrier. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:758-768. [PMID: 36698965 PMCID: PMC9841170 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic drainage system of the brain (LDSB) is the removal of metabolites and wastes from its tissues. A dysfunction of LDSB is an important sign of aging, brain oncology, the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The development of new strategies for diagnosis of LDSB injuries can improve prevention of age-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. There are two conditions, such as deep sleep and opening of the blood-brain-barrier (OBBB) associated with the LDSB activation. A promising candidate for measurement of LDSB could be electroencephalography (EEG). In this pilot study on rats, we tested the hypothesis, whether deep sleep and OBBB can be an informative platform for an effective extracting of information about the LDSB functions. Using the nonlinear analysis of EEG dynamics and machine learning technology, we discovered that the LDSB activation during OBBB and sleep is associated with similar changes in the EEG θ-activity. The OBBB causes the higher LDSB activation vs. sleep that is accompanied by specific changes in the low frequency EEG activity extracted by the power spectra analysis of the EEG dynamics combined with the coherence function. Thus, our findings demonstrate a link between neural activity associated with the LDSB activation during sleep and OBBB that is an important informative platform for extraction of the EEG-biomarkers of the LDSB activity. These results open new perspectives for the development of technology for the LDSB diagnostics that would open a novel era in the prognosis of brain diseases caused by the LDSB disorders, including OBBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.V. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany,Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Corresponding author at: Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - A.S. Karavaev
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Saratov Branchof the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya, 38, Saratov, 410019, Russia,Saratov State Medical University, B.Kazachaya str., 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, (IHNA&NPh RAS), 5AButlerova St., Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - M.D. Prokhorov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Saratov Branchof the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya, 38, Saratov, 410019, Russia
| | - A.E. Runnova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Saratov State Medical University, B.Kazachaya str., 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - E.I. Borovkova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Saratov State Medical University, B.Kazachaya str., 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Ishbulatov Yu.M.
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Saratov Branchof the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya, 38, Saratov, 410019, Russia,Saratov State Medical University, B.Kazachaya str., 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.N. Hramkov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - D.D. Kulminskiy
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - N.I. Semenova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - K.S. Sergeev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.V. Slepnev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Sitnikova E. Yu.
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, (IHNA&NPh RAS), 5AButlerova St., Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - M.O. Zhuravlev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Saratov State Medical University, B.Kazachaya str., 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - I.V. Fedosov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.A. Shirokov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ProspektEntuziastov13, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - I.A. Blokhina
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.I. Dubrovski
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.V. Terskov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.P. Khorovodov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - V.B. Ageev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - D.A. Elovenko
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A.S. Evsukova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - V.V. Adushkina
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - V.V. Telnova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - D.E. Postnov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - T.U. Penzel
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.G. Kurths
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany,Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia,Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Tournissac M, Boido D, Omnès M, Houssen YG, Ciobanu L, Charpak S. Cranial window for longitudinal and multimodal imaging of the whole mouse cortex. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:031921. [PMID: 36159711 PMCID: PMC9500537 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.031921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All functional brain imaging methods have technical drawbacks and specific spatial and temporal resolution limitations. Unraveling brain function requires bridging the data acquired with cellular and mesoscopic functional imaging. This imposes the access to animal preparations, allowing longitudinal and multiscale investigations of brain function in anesthetized and awake animals. Such preparations are optimal to study normal and pathological brain functions while reducing the number of animals used. AIM To fulfill these needs, we developed a chronic and stable preparation for a broad set of imaging modalities and experimental design. APPROACH We describe the detailed protocol for a chronic cranial window, transparent to light and ultrasound, devoid of BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) artifact and allowing stable and longitudinal multimodal imaging of the entire mouse cortex. RESULTS The inexpensive, transparent, and curved polymethylpentene cranial window preparation gives access to the entire mouse cortex. It is compatible with standard microscopic and mesoscopic neuroimaging methods. We present examples of data on the neurovascular unit and its activation using two-photon, functional ultrasound imaging, and BOLD fMRI. CONCLUSION This preparation is ideal for multimodal imaging in the same animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
- Address all correspondence to Marine Tournissac, ; Davide Boido, ; Serge Charpak,
| | - Davide Boido
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Address all correspondence to Marine Tournissac, ; Davide Boido, ; Serge Charpak,
| | - Manon Omnès
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Luisa Ciobanu
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Serge Charpak
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Address all correspondence to Marine Tournissac, ; Davide Boido, ; Serge Charpak,
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11
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Yeon C, Im JM, Kim M, Kim YR, Chung E. Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:131-146. [PMID: 35786637 PMCID: PMC9272117 DOI: 10.5607/en22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical neuroimaging provides an effective neuroscience tool for multi-scale investigation of the neural structures and functions, ranging from molecular, cellular activities to the inter-regional connectivity assessment. Amongst experimental preparations, the implementation of an artificial window to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily required for optical visualization of the CNS and associated brain activities through the opaque skin and bone. Either thinning down or removing portions of the skull or spine is necessary for unobstructed long-term in vivo observations, for which types of the cranial and spinal window and applied materials vary depending on the study objectives. As diversely useful, a window can be designed to accommodate other experimental methods such as electrophysiology or optogenetics. Moreover, auxiliary apparatuses would allow the recording in synchrony with behavior of large-scale brain connectivity signals across the CNS, such as olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Such advancements in the cranial and spinal window have resulted in a paradigm shift in neuroscience, enabling in vivo investigation of the brain function and dysfunction at the microscopic, cellular level. This Review addresses the types and classifications of windows used in optical neuroimaging while describing how to perform in vivo studies using rodent models in combination with other experimental modalities during behavioral tests. The cranial and spinal window has enabled longitudinal examination of evolving neural mechanisms via in situ visualization of the brain. We expect transformable and multi-functional cranial and spinal windows to become commonplace in neuroscience laboratories, further facilitating advances in optical neuroimaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Yeon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jeong Myo Im
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Minsung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.,AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.,Research Center for Photon Science Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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12
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Gellner AK, Reis J, Fiebich BL, Fritsch B. Electrified microglia: Impact of direct current stimulation on diverse properties of the most versatile brain cell. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1248-1258. [PMID: 34411753 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation [(t)DCS], modulates cortical excitability and promotes neuroplasticity. Microglia has been identified to respond to electrical currents as well as neuronal activity, but its response to DCS is mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE This study addresses effects of DCS applied in vivo to the sensorimotor cortex on physiological microglia properties and neuron-microglia communication. METHODS Time lapse in vivo 2-photon microscopy in anaesthetized mice was timely coupled with DCS of the sensorimotor cortex to observe microglia dynamics on a population-based and single cell level. Neuron-microglia communication during DCS was investigated in mice with a functional knock out of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. Moreover, the role of voltage gated microglial channels and DCS effects on phagocytosis were studied. RESULTS DCS promoted several physiological microglia properties, depending on the glial activation state and stimulation intensity. On a single cell level, process motility was predominantly enhanced in ramified cells whereas horizontal soma movement and galvanotaxis was pronounced in reactive microglia. Blockage of voltage sensitive microglial channels suppressed DCS effects in vivo and in vitro. Microglial motility changes were partially driven by the fractalkine signaling pathway. Moreover, phagocytosis increased after DCS in vitro. CONCLUSION Microglia dynamics are rapidly influenced by DCS. This is the first in vivo demonstration of a direct effect of electrical currents on microglia and indirect effects potentially driven by neuronal activity via the fractalkine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Gellner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Reis
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brita Fritsch
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Zhang W, Davis CM, Zeppenfeld DM, Golgotiu K, Wang MX, Haveliwala M, Hong D, Li Y, Wang RK, Iliff JJ, Alkayed NJ. Role of endothelium-pericyte signaling in capillary blood flow response to neuronal activity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1873-1885. [PMID: 33853406 PMCID: PMC8327110 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211007957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Local blood flow in the brain is tightly coupled to metabolic demands, a phenomenon termed functional hyperemia. Both capillaries and arterioles contribute to the hyperemic response to neuronal activity via different mechanisms and timescales. The nature and specific signaling involved in the hyperemic response of capillaries versus arterioles, and their temporal relationship are not fully defined. We determined the time-dependent changes in capillary flux and diameter versus arteriolar velocity and flow following whisker stimulation using optical microangiography (OMAG) and two-photon microscopy. We further characterized depth-resolved responses of individual capillaries versus capillary networks. We hypothesized that capillaries respond first to neuronal activation, and that they exhibit a coordinated response mediated via endothelial-derived epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) acting on pericytes. To visualize peri-capillary pericytes, we used Tie2-GFP/NG2-DsRed mice, and to determine the role of endothelial-derived EETs, we compared cerebrovascular responses to whisker stimulation between wild-type mice and mice with lower endothelial EETs (Tie2-hsEH). We found that capillaries respond immediately to neuronal activation in an orchestrated network-level manner, a response attenuated in Tie2-hsEH and inhibited by blocking EETs action on pericytes. These results demonstrate that capillaries are first responders during functional hyperemia, and that they exhibit a network-level response mediated via endothelial-derived EETs' action on peri-capillary pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas M Zeppenfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kirsti Golgotiu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marie X Wang
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariya Haveliwala
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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14
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Chornyy S, Das A, Borovicka JA, Patel D, Chan HH, Hermann JK, Jaramillo TC, Machado AG, Baker KB, Dana H. Cellular-resolution monitoring of ischemic stroke pathologies in the rat cortex. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4901-4919. [PMID: 34513232 PMCID: PMC8407830 DOI: 10.1364/boe.432688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the Western world. Current post-stroke rehabilitation treatments are only effective in approximately half of the patients. Therefore, there is a pressing clinical need for developing new rehabilitation approaches for enhancing the recovery process, which requires the use of appropriate animal models. Here, we demonstrate the use of nonlinear microscopy of calcium sensors in the rat brain to study the effects of ischemic stroke injury on cortical activity patterns. We longitudinally recorded from thousands of neurons labeled with a genetically-encoded calcium indicator before and after an ischemic stroke injury in the primary motor cortex. We show that this injury has an effect on the activity patterns of neurons not only in the motor and somatosensory cortices, but also in the more distant visual cortex, and that these changes include modified firing rates and kinetics of neuronal activity patterns in response to a sensory stimulus. Changes in neuronal population activity provided animal-specific, circuit-level information on the post-stroke cortical reorganization process, which may be essential for evaluating the efficacy of new approaches for enhancing the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Chornyy
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Aniruddha Das
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Julie A. Borovicka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Davina Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hugh H. Chan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - John K. Hermann
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Thomas C. Jaramillo
- Rodent Behavioral Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andre G. Machado
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Baker
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hod Dana
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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15
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Initial Histological Evaluation of a Novel Dura Mater Graft Based on Capsule Granulation Harvested from Subcutaneous Tissue: Experimental Model. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:710-712. [PMID: 34260462 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autografts are useful but unfortunately are limited in big dural defects, in such cases, synthetic implants have been recommended. Extensive evidence in the literature suggests that sometimes synthetic implants had high rates of complications like infections. This paper aims to present a novel dura matter graft based on capsule granulation tissue harvested from subcutaneous space as a dura substitute and its histological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats between 240 and 430 grams of both genders were included. First stage procedure introducing silicon spheres in the subcutaneous tissue. Second stage procedure 4 weeks later harvested de capsule granulation tissue that contain them. Then a craniectomy was performed to create a dura mater defect. This defect was reconstructed with the granulation tissue was placed onlay the defect. After another 4 weeks the subjects were euthanized and sent to an external pathology unit for analysis with validated integration scales. RESULTS A total of 5 subjects were included (3 males and 2 females) with weight between 240 and 430 grams. Only 2 outcome out of 6 scales had significance difference between the samples: adhesions P = 0.011 and integration P = 0.006. CONCLUSIONS The histological findings shown that capsule granulation graft is a compatible, autologous compatible substitute for dura mater. It has a great potential of full integration and an acceptable grade of adhesions.
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16
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Jeong UJ, Lee J, Chou N, Kim K, Shin H, Chae U, Yu HY, Cho IJ. A minimally invasive flexible electrode array for simultaneous recording of ECoG signals from multiple brain regions. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2383-2397. [PMID: 33955442 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The minimal invasiveness of electrocorticography (ECoG) enabled its widespread use in clinical areas as well as in neuroscience research. However, most existing ECoG arrays require that the entire surface area of the brain that is to be recorded be exposed through a large craniotomy. We propose a device that overcomes this limitation, i.e., a minimally invasive, polyimide-based flexible array of electrodes that can enable the recording of ECoG signals in multiple regions of the brain with minimal exposure of the surface of the brain. Magnetic force-assisted positioning of a flexible electrode array enables recording from distant brain regions with a small cranial window. Also, a biodegradable organic compound used for attaching a magnet on the electrodes allows simple retrieval of the magnet. We demonstrate with an in vivo chronic recording that an implanted ECoG electrode array can record ECoG signals from the visual cortex and the motor cortex during a rat's free behavior. Our results indicate that the proposed device induced minimal damage to the animal. We expect the proposed device to be utilized for experiments for large-scale brain circuit analyses as well as clinical applications for intra-operative monitoring of epileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Jin Jeong
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. and School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungpyo Lee
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Namsun Chou
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kanghwan Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. and Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uikyu Chae
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. and School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. and Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea and School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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18
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Cramer SW, Carter RE, Aronson JD, Kodandaramaiah SB, Ebner TJ, Chen CC. Through the looking glass: A review of cranial window technology for optical access to the brain. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 354:109100. [PMID: 33600850 PMCID: PMC8100903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering neurologic function is a daunting task, requiring understanding the neuronal networks and emergent properties that arise from the interactions among single neurons. Mechanistic insights into neuronal networks require tools that simultaneously assess both single neuron activity and the consequent mesoscale output. The development of cranial window technologies, in which the skull is thinned or replaced with a synthetic optical interface, has enabled monitoring neuronal activity from subcellular to mesoscale resolution in awake, behaving animals when coupled with advanced microscopy techniques. Here we review recent achievements in cranial window technologies, appraise the relative merits of each design and discuss the future research in cranial window design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo D429, MMC 96, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA
| | - Justin D Aronson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA.
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo D429, MMC 96, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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19
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Cellular correlates of gray matter volume changes in magnetic resonance morphometry identified by two-photon microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4234. [PMID: 33608622 PMCID: PMC7895945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain combined with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in various disorders. However, the cellular basis of GMV changes has remained largely unclear. We correlated changes in GMV with cellular metrics by imaging mice with MRI and two-photon in vivo microscopy at three time points within 12 weeks, taking advantage of age-dependent changes in brain structure. Imaging fluorescent cell nuclei allowed inferences on (i) physical tissue volume as determined from reference spaces outlined by nuclei, (ii) cell density, (iii) the extent of cell clustering, and (iv) the volume of cell nuclei. Our data indicate that physical tissue volume alterations only account for 13.0% of the variance in GMV change. However, when including comprehensive measurements of nucleus volume and cell density, 35.6% of the GMV variance could be explained, highlighting the influence of distinct cellular mechanisms on VBM results.
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20
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Quick S, Moss J, Rajani RM, Williams A. A Vessel for Change: Endothelial Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:289-305. [PMID: 33308877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood vessels of the brain are lined with endothelial cells and it has been long known that these help to regulate blood flow to the brain. However, there is increasing evidence that these cells also interact with the surrounding brain tissue. These interactions change when the endothelial cells become dysfunctional and have an impact in diseases such as cerebral small vessel disease, the leading cause of vascular dementia. In this review, we focus on what endothelial dysfunction is, what causes it, how it leads to surrounding brain pathology, how researchers can investigate it with current models, and where this might lead in the future for dementia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rikesh M Rajani
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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21
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Dolezyczek H, Rapolu M, Niedzwiedziuk P, Karnowski K, Borycki D, Dzwonek J, Wilczynski G, Malinowska M, Wojtkowski M. Longitudinal in-vivo OCM imaging of glioblastoma development in the mouse brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5003-5016. [PMID: 33014596 PMCID: PMC7510867 DOI: 10.1364/boe.400723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present in-vivo imaging of the mouse brain using custom made Gaussian beam optical coherence microscopy (OCM) with 800nm wavelength. We applied new instrumentation to longitudinal imaging of the glioblastoma (GBM) tumor microvasculature in the mouse brain. We have introduced new morphometric biomarkers that enable quantitative analysis of the development of GBM. We confirmed quantitatively an intensive angiogenesis in the tumor area between 3 and 14 days after GBM cells injection confirmed by considerably increased of morphometric parameters. Moreover, the OCM setup revealed heterogeneity and abnormality of newly formed vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Dolezyczek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- both authors contributed equally
| | - Mounika Rapolu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- both authors contributed equally
| | - Paulina Niedzwiedziuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Karnowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Borycki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Dzwonek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wilczynski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Malinowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wojtkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Baltic Institute of Technology, Al. Zwycięstwa 96/98, 81-451 Gdynia, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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22
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Wang Y, Liang G, Liu F, Chen Q, Xi L. A Long-Term Cranial Window for High-Resolution Photoacoustic Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:706-711. [PMID: 32746074 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3012663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we introduce the design, fabrication, and assessment of an optically and acoustically transparent, long-term and biocompatible cranial window for high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy of rat cerebral cortex. METHODS The cranial window is fabricated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer bonded with a glass ring (outer diameter: 8 mm, inner diameter: 5 mm) via air plasma cleaning. A detailed comparison of image quality was performed with the implantation of cranial windows using different thicknesses of the PDMS film, and the cover glass. In addition, long-term in vivo monitoring of rat cerebral cortex was conducted to evaluate the stability of the cranial window. Furthermore, we successfully applied this window for longitudinal photoacoustic imaging in freely moving rats. RESULTS Based on a detailed evaluation, the cranial window fabricated with PDMS has a better imaging quality compared with a conventional cover-glass-based cranial window. The optimal film thickness is 50 μm considering the elastic deforming capability of PDMS. The cranial window maintained good quality for 21 and 12 days in anesthetized and free moving rats, respectively. CONCLUSION The cranial window has a good imaging quality for both anesthetized and behaving rats, enabling long-term, high-resolution, and steady photoacoustic imaging of cerebral vasculatures. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the studies of both anesthetized and behaving rats, the proposed cranial window has the potential to be used in the longitudinal in vivo study of chronic brain diseases in freely moving rodents.
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23
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Ma J, Ma Y, Shuaib A, Winship IR. Improved collateral flow and reduced damage after remote ischemic perconditioning during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12392. [PMID: 32709950 PMCID: PMC7381676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation through cerebral collaterals can maintain tissue viability until reperfusion is achieved. However, collateral circulation is time limited, and failure of collaterals is accelerated in the aged. Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC), which involves inducing a series of repetitive, transient peripheral cycles of ischemia and reperfusion at a site remote to the brain during cerebral ischemia, may be neuroprotective and can prevent collateral failure in young adult rats. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of RIPerC to improve blood flow through collaterals in aged (16-18 months of age) Sprague Dawley rats during a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Laser speckle contrast imaging and two-photon laser scanning microscopy were used to directly measure flow through collateral connections to ischemic tissue. Consistent with studies in young adult rats, RIPerC enhanced collateral flow by preventing the stroke-induced narrowing of pial arterioles during ischemia. This improved flow was associated with reduced early ischemic damage in RIPerC treated aged rats relative to controls. Thus, RIPerC is an easily administered, non-invasive neuroprotective strategy that can improve penumbral blood flow via collaterals. Enhanced collateral flow supports further investigation as an adjuvant therapy to recanalization therapy and a protective treatment to maintain tissue viability prior to reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Ma
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, 12-127 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonglie Ma
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, 12-127 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, 12-127 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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