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Pintarič M, Štuhec A, Tratnik E, Langerholc T. Spent Mushroom Substrate Improves Microbial Quantities and Enzymatic Activity in Soils of Different Farming Systems. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1521. [PMID: 39203364 PMCID: PMC11356570 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic fertilizers, such as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), improve soil fertility, but studies comparing their effects on different agricultural soils are limited. In this study, the effects of standard, SMS and composed fertilizers on soils from conventional-integrated, organic and biodynamic farming were investigated. Soil samples were analyzed for microorganisms and the activity of β-glucosidase (β-GLU), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), urease (URE), arylamidase (ARN), phosphatase (PHOS), acid phosphatase (PAC), alkaline phosphatase (PAH) and arylsulphatase (ARS). Biodynamic soil showed the highest microbial counts and enzyme activities, followed by organic and conventional soils. SMS significantly increased the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities, especially in biodynamic and organic soils. Seasonal variations affected all microorganisms and most enzymes in all soils, except NAG in conventional and organic soils. Biodynamic soil showed stable activity of enzymes and microorganisms throughout the year, indicating greater stability. This study concludes that soil microorganisms and enzyme activities respond differently to fertilization depending on the soil type, with SMS demonstrating beneficial effects in all tested soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Pintarič
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (E.T.); (T.L.)
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Dixon MM, Afkairin A, Davis JG, Chitwood-Brown J, Buchanan CM, Ippolito JA, Manter DK, Vivanco JM. Tomato domestication rather than subsequent breeding events reduces microbial associations related to phosphorus recovery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9934. [PMID: 38689014 PMCID: PMC11061195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Legacy phosphorus (P) is a reservoir of sparingly available P, and its recovery could enhance sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral fertilizers. Domestication has affected P acquisition, but it is unknown if subsequent breeding efforts, like the Green Revolution (GR), had a similar effect. We examined how domestication and breeding events altered P acquisition by growing wild, traditional (pre-GR), and modern (post-GR) tomato in soil with legacy P but low bioavailable P. Wild tomatoes, particularly accession LA0716 (Solanum pennellii), heavily cultured rhizosphere P solubilizers, suggesting reliance on microbial associations to acquire P. Wild tomato also had a greater abundance of other putatively beneficial bacteria, including those that produce chelating agents and antibiotic compounds. Although wild tomatoes had a high abundance of these P solubilizers, they had lower relative biomass and greater P stress factor than traditional or modern tomato. Compared to wild tomato, domesticated tomato was more tolerant to P deficiency, and both cultivated groups had a similar rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Ultimately, this study suggests that while domestication changed tomato P recovery by reducing microbial associations, subsequent breeding processes have not further impacted microbial P acquisition mechanisms. Selecting microbial P-related traits that diminished with domestication may therefore increase legacy P solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Dixon
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Antisar Afkairin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica G Davis
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Chitwood-Brown
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cassidy M Buchanan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Daniel K Manter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jorge M Vivanco
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Quijia Pillajo J, Chapin LJ, Quiroz-Moreno CD, Altland JE, Jones ML. Nutrient availability and plant phenological stage influence the substrate microbiome in container-grown Impatiens walleriana 'Xtreme Red'. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:176. [PMID: 38448825 PMCID: PMC10916185 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome plays a fundamental role in plant health and performance. Soil serves as a reservoir of microbial diversity where plants attract microorganisms via root exudates. The soil has an important impact on the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome, but greenhouse ornamental plants are commonly grown in soilless substrates. While soil microbiomes have been extensively studied in traditional agriculture to improve plant performance, health, and sustainability, information about the microbiomes of soilless substrates is still limited. Thus, we conducted an experiment to explore the microbiome of a peat-based substrate used in container production of Impatiens walleriana, a popular greenhouse ornamental plant. We investigated the effects of plant phenological stage and fertilization level on the substrate microbiome. RESULTS Impatiens plants grown under low fertilization rates were smaller and produced more flowers than plants grown under optimum and high fertilization. The top five bacterial phyla present in the substrate were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Planctomycetota. We found a total of 2,535 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) grouped into 299 genera. The substrate core microbiome was represented by only 1.8% (48) of the identified ASV. The microbiome community composition was influenced by plant phenological stage and fertilizer levels. Phenological stage exhibited a stronger influence on microbiome composition than fertilizer levels. Differential abundance analysis using DESeq2 identified more ASVs significantly affected (enriched or depleted) in the high fertilizer levels at flowering. As observed for community composition, the effect of plant phenological stage on microbial community function was stronger than fertilizer level. Phenological stage and fertilizer treatments did not affect alpha-diversity in the substrate. CONCLUSIONS In container-grown ornamental plants, the substrate serves as the main microbial reservoir for the plant, and the plant and agricultural inputs (fertilization) modulate the microbial community structure and function of the substrate. The differences observed in substrate microbiome composition across plant phenological stage were explained by pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and fluoride, and across fertilizer levels by pH and phosphate (PO4). Our project provides an initial diversity profile of the bacteria occurring in soilless substrates, an underexplored source of microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Quijia Pillajo
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Laura J Chapin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Cristian D Quiroz-Moreno
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - James E Altland
- Application Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Michelle L Jones
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
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Nasuelli M, Novello G, Gamalero E, Massa N, Gorrasi S, Sudiro C, Hochart M, Altissimo A, Vuolo F, Bona E. PGPB and/or AM Fungi Consortia Affect Tomato Native Rhizosphere Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1891. [PMID: 37630451 PMCID: PMC10458106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most important crops worldwide and also play a central role in the human diet. Microbial consortia are microorganism associations, often employed as bioinoculants, that can interact with the native rhizosphere microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a bacterial-based biostimulant (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) (PSBA) in combination, or not, with a commercial inoculum Micomix (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funnelliformis mosseae, Funnelliformis caledonium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus) (MYC) on the native rhizosphere communities and on tomato production. The trial was carried out using Solanum lycopersicum in an open field as follows: control full NPK (CFD), control reduced NPK (CRD), MYC, PSBA, PSBA + MYC. Bacterial population in the different samples were characterized using a next generation sequencing approach. The bioinocula effect on the native rhizosphere microbiota resulted in significant variation both in alpha and beta diversity and in a specific signature associated with the presence of biostimulants, especially in the presence of co-inoculation (PSBA + MYC). In particular, the high initial biodiversity shifts in the community composition occurred and consisted in the increase in the abundance of genera correlated to the soil acidification and in an enhanced density of nitrogen-fixing microbes. The results also highlighted the well-known rhizosphere effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nasuelli
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Cristina Sudiro
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Marie Hochart
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriano Altissimo
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Resendiz-Nava CN, Alonso-Onofre F, Silva-Rojas HV, Rebollar-Alviter A, Rivera-Pastrana DM, Stasiewicz MJ, Nava GM, Mercado-Silva EM. Tomato Plant Microbiota under Conventional and Organic Fertilization Regimes in a Soilless Culture System. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1633. [PMID: 37512805 PMCID: PMC10383152 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the main vegetable cultivated under soilless culture systems (SCSs); production of organic tomato under SCSs has increased due to consumer demands for healthier and environmentally friendly vegetables. However, organic tomato production under SCSs has been associated with low crop performance and fruit quality defects. These agricultural deficiencies could be linked to alterations in tomato plant microbiota; nonetheless, this issue has not been sufficiently addressed. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to characterize the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of tomato plants cultivated under conventional and organic SCSs. To accomplish this goal, tomato plants grown in commercial greenhouses under conventional or organic SCSs were tested at 8, 26, and 44 weeks after seedling transplantation. Substrate (n = 24), root (n = 24), and fruit (n = 24) composite samples were subjected to DNA extraction and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The present study revealed that the tomato core microbiota was predominantly constituted by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Remarkably, six bacterial families, Bacillaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, were shared among all substrate, rhizosphere, and fruit samples. Importantly, it was shown that plants under organic SCSs undergo a dysbiosis characterized by significant changes in the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erythrobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Streptomycetaceae. These results suggest that microbial alterations in substrates, roots, and fruits could be potential factors in contributing to the crop performance and fruit quality deficiencies observed in organic SCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Resendiz-Nava
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Hilda V Silva-Rojas
- Posgrado en Recursos Geneticos y Productividad, Produccion de Semillas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
| | - Angel Rebollar-Alviter
- Centro Regional Morelia, Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo, Morelia 58170, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Dulce M Rivera-Pastrana
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Matthew J Stasiewicz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1302W Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gerardo M Nava
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Edmundo M Mercado-Silva
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
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Xie P, Huang K, Deng A, Mo P, Xiao F, Wu F, Xiao D, Wang Y. The diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Cathaya argyrophylla are affected by soil physicochemical properties. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111087. [PMID: 37378294 PMCID: PMC10292655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathaya argyrophylla is an ancient Pinaceae species endemic to China that is listed on the IUCN Red List. Although C. argyrophylla is an ectomycorrhizal plant, the relationship between its rhizospheric soil microbial community and soil properties related to the natural habitat remains unknown. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS region sequences was used to survey the C. argyrophylla soil community at four natural spatially distributed points in Hunan Province, China, and functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt2 and FUNGuild. The dominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi, and the dominant genus was Acidothermus. The dominant fungal phyla were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, while Russula was the dominant genus. Soil properties were the main factors leading to changes in rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal communities, with nitrogen being the main driver of changes in soil microbial communities. The metabolic capacities of the microbial communities were predicted to identify differences in their functional profiles, including amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, and the presence of fungi, including saprotrophs and symbiotrophs. These findings illuminate the soil microbial ecology of C. argyrophylla, and provide a scientific basis for screening rhizosphere microorganisms that are suitable for vegetation restoration and reconstruction for this important threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Technology, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Kerui Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Aihua Deng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Mo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Fen Xiao
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Qingjie Mountain State Forest Farm, Chengbu, Hunan, China
| | - Dewei Xiao
- Chukou State-Owned Forest Farm, Zixing, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
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Carreras-Sempere M, Biel C, Viñas M, Guivernau M, Caceres R. The use of recovered struvite and ammonium nitrate in fertigation in a horticultural rotation: agronomic and microbiological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36453585 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2154172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen recovery from wastewater as struvite and ammonium nitrate (AN) may be viable alternative fertilizers to boost circularity in horticulture. A 2-year fertigated crop rotation in soil under greenhouse conditions was evaluated to determine the efficiency of both recovered products as raw materials for a nutrient solution (NS) manufacture. The effects of these treatments versus synthetic fertilizers were compared in terms of crop performance, plant nutrient uptake, soil chemistry and microbiota. This is the first study to implement struvite through fertigation as the sole source of P in soil crops. Results showed that both recovered products can be used as fertilizers in NS, due to the similar response to the control for different parameters and crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower). However, the AN treatment showed lower yield in the first tomato crop, which results may depend on the cultivar ammonium tolerance. Besides, the concentration of heavy metals in fruits/leaves was below the permissible limits. Total and Olsen phosphorus soil analysis revealed no differences among treatments, resulting in a similar performance of P-struvite to commercial phosphate. Bulk soil bacteria structure, richness and relative dominance were increased over time, while archaea only showed lower evenness, both despite the fertilization strategy. Shannon diversity was not significantly affected. A predominance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) versus archaea (AOA) was observed, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), dominated by Nitrospira, increased with fertigation. Our results demonstrate that fertilizer blends for NS containing recovered nutrients are a feasible alternative to synthetic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Carreras-Sempere
- Sustainable Plant Protection Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Cabrils, Spain
- Sustainability in Biosystems Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Carmen Biel
- Sustainable Plant Protection Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Cabrils, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Sustainability in Biosystems Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Miriam Guivernau
- Sustainability in Biosystems Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Rafaela Caceres
- Sustainable Plant Protection Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Cabrils, Spain
- Sustainability in Biosystems Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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Jacquiod S, Raynaud T, Pimet E, Ducourtieux C, Casieri L, Wipf D, Blouin M. Wheat Rhizosphere Microbiota Respond to Changes in Plant Genotype, Chemical Inputs, and Plant Phenotypic Plasticity. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.903008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern wheat varieties that were selected since the Green Revolution are generally grown with synthetic chemical inputs, and ancient varieties released before1960 without. Thus, when changes occur in rhizosphere microbiota structure, it is not possible to distinguish if they are due to (i) changes in wheat genotypes by breeding, (ii) modifications of the environment via synthetic chemical inputs, or (iii) phenotypic plasticity, the interaction between wheat genotype and the environment. Using a crossed factorial design in the field, we evaluated the effects of either modern or ancient wheat varieties grown with or without chemical inputs (a N fertilizer, a fungicide, and an herbicide) on “microbiome as a phenotype.” We analyzed the rhizosphere microbiota by bacterial and fungal amplicon sequencing, coupled with microscope observations of mycorrhizal associations. We found that plant genotype and phenotypic plasticity had the most influence on rhizosphere microbiota, whereas inputs had only marginal effects. Phenotypic plasticity was particularly important in explaining diversity variations in bacteria and fungi but had no impact on the mycorrhizal association. Our results show an interest in considering the interaction between wheat genotype and the environment in breeding programs, by focusing on genes involved in the phenotypic plasticity of plant-microbe interactions.
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Root-Associated Bacterial Community Shifts in Hydroponic Lettuce Cultured with Urine-Derived Fertilizer. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061326. [PMID: 34207399 PMCID: PMC8233860 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of nutrients from source-separated urine can truncate our dependency on synthetic fertilizers, contributing to more sustainable food production. Urine-derived fertilizers have been successfully applied in soilless cultures. However, little is known about the adaptation of the plant to the nutrient environment. This study investigated the impact of urine-derived fertilizers on plant performance and the root-associated bacterial community of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Shoot biomass, chlorophyll, phenolic, antioxidant, and mineral content were associated with shifts in the root-associated bacterial community structures. K-struvite, a high-performing urine-derived fertilizer, supported root-associated bacterial communities that overlapped most strongly with control NPK fertilizer. Contrarily, lettuce performed poorly with electrodialysis (ED) concentrate and hydrolyzed urine and hosted distinct root-associated bacterial communities. Comparing the identified operational taxonomic units (OTU) across the fertilizer conditions revealed strong correlations between specific bacterial genera and the plant physiological characteristics, salinity, and NO3−/NH4+ ratio. The root-associated bacterial community networks of K-struvite and NPK control fertilized plants displayed fewer nodes and node edges, suggesting that good plant growth performance does not require highly complex ecological interactions in hydroponic growth conditions.
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Muys M, Phukan R, Brader G, Samad A, Moretti M, Haiden B, Pluchon S, Roest K, Vlaeminck SE, Spiller M. A systematic comparison of commercially produced struvite: Quantities, qualities and soil-maize phosphorus availability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143726. [PMID: 33307495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) from waste streams is increasingly implemented to recover phosphorus (P), which is listed as a critical raw material in the European Union (EU). To facilitate EU-wide trade of P-containing secondary raw materials such as struvite, the EU issued a revised fertilizer regulation in 2019. A comprehensive overview of the supply of struvite and its quality is presently missing. This study aimed: i) to determine the current EU struvite production volumes, ii) to evaluate all legislated physicochemical characteristics and pathogen content of European struvite against newly set regulatory limits, and iii) to compare not-regulated struvite characteristics. It is estimated that in 2020, between 990 and 1250 ton P are recovered as struvite in the EU. Struvite from 24 European production plants, accounting for 30% of the 80 struvite installations worldwide was sampled. Three samples failed the physicochemical legal limits; one had a P content of <7% and three exceeded the organic carbon content of 3% dry weight (DW). Mineralogical analysis revealed that six samples had a struvite content of 80-90% DW, and 13 samples a content of >90% DW. All samples showed a heavy metal content below the legal limits. Microbiological analyses indicated that struvite may exceed certain legal limits. Differences in morphology and particle size distribution were observed for struvite sourced from digestate (rod shaped; transparent; 82 mass% < 1 mm), dewatering liquor (spherical; opaque; 65 mass% 1-2 mm) and effluent from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor processing potato wastewater (spherical; opaque; 51 mass% < 1 mm and 34 mass% > 2 mm). A uniform soil-plant P-availability pattern of 3.5-6.5 mg P/L soil/d over a 28 days sampling period was observed. No differences for plant biomass yield were observed. In conclusion, the results highlight the suitability of most struvite to enter the EU fertilizer market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Rishav Phukan
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Günter Brader
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Abdul Samad
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Michele Moretti
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Barbara Haiden
- Timac AGRO Düngemittelproduktions- und Handels Gmbh, Industriegelände Pischelsdorf, 3435 Zwentendorf, Austria
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation Roullier - Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 18 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 35400 Saint-Malo, France
| | - Kees Roest
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review pays attention to the newest insights on the soil microbiome in plant disease-suppressive soil (DSS) for sustainable plant health management from the perspective of a circular economy that provides beneficial microbiota by recycling agro-wastes into the soil. In order to increase suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens, the main goal of this paper is to critically discuss and compare the potential use of reshaped soil microbiomes by assembling different agricultural practices such as crop selection; land use and conservative agriculture; crop rotation, diversification, intercropping and cover cropping; compost and chitosan application; and soil pre-fumigation combined with organic amendments and bio-organic fertilizers. This review is seen mostly as a comprehensive understanding of the main findings regarding DSS, starting from the oldest concepts to the newest challenges, based on the assumption that sustainability for soil quality and plant health is increasingly viable and supported by microbiome-assisted strategies based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods that characterize in depth the soil bacterial and fungal communities. This approach, together with the virtuous reuse of agro-wastes to produce in situ green composts and organic bio-fertilizers, is the best way to design new sustainable cropping systems in a circular economy system. The current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiota is summarized. How microbiota determine soil suppression and what NGS strategies are available to understand soil microbiomes in DSS are presented. Disturbance of soil microbiota based on combined agricultural practices is deeply considered. Sustainable soil microbiome management by recycling in situ agro-wastes is presented. Afterwards, how the resulting new insights can drive the progress in sustainable microbiome-based disease management is discussed.
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Growing Medium Type Affects Organic Fertilizer Mineralization and CNPS Microbial Enzyme Activities. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Managing plant fertilization is a major concern of greenhouse growers to achieve sustainable production with growing media (GM). Organic fertilization is popular but is more difficult to control, since organic compounds need first to be mineralized by microbes. After 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of incubation, we investigated the response of microbial activities and nutrient releases from three frequently used organic fertilizers (horn and two plant-based fertilizers) in three frequently employed GM types (peat, coir, and bark). We measured pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient contents (NH4+-N, NO3−-N, PO43−-P, SO42−-S), and enzyme activities (β-1.4-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase). After fertilization, microbes in coir expressed all the C, N, P, and S functions studied, making related nutrients available. In peat and bark, some C, N, P, and S-related pathways were locked. Peat presented high NH4+-N and PO43−-P releases linked to high acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities, while bark showed high nitrification rates but weak enzyme activities. Fertilizer types modulated these responses with lower activities and nutrient releases with horn. Our results contributed to better understanding mineralization processes in GM, showing different microbial responses to fertilization. This study pointed out the necessity to look deeper into microbial functions in GM optimizing biological and physicochemical properties.
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Grunert O, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Buysens S, De Neve S, Van Labeke MC, Reheul D, Boon N. In-Depth Observation on the Microbial and Fungal Community Structure of Four Contrasting Tomato Cultivation Systems in Soil Based and Soilless Culture Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:520834. [PMID: 33224155 PMCID: PMC7674179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.520834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As soil and soilless culture systems are highly dynamic environments, the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities is consistently adapting. There is a knowledge gap between the microbial community structure of soil based and soilless culture systems and thus we aimed at surveying their impact on diversity and composition of bacterial communities across a 10-month period in a tomato cultivation system. We compared community metrics between an soil based culture system fertilized with malt sprouts and blood meal, known for its slow and high mineralization rate, respectively and a soilless culture system fertilized with fish effluent or supplemented with an liquid organic fertilizer. Bacterial and fungal community composition was followed over time using two complementary techniques, phospholipid fatty acid analysis and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Nitrogen dynamics and plant performance were assessed to provide insight on how bacterial diversity of soil and soilless microbial communities ultimately impacts productivity. Similar plant performance was observed in soilless culture systems and soil based system and yield was the highest with the aquaponics-derived fertilizer. Soil and soilless cultivating systems supplemented with different nitrogen-rich fertilizers differed on its characteristics throughout the experimental period. Fast-paced fluctuations in pH(H2O) and nutrient cycling processes were observed in growing medium. Physicochemical characteristics changed over time and interacted with bacterial community metrics. Multivariate analysis showed that plant length, pH, Flavisolibacter, phosphorus, chloride, ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, electrical conductivity, nitrate, sulfate, and the bacterial genera Desulfotomaculum, Solirubrobacter, Dehalococcoides, Bythopirellula, Steroidobacter, Litorilinea, Nonomuraea were the most significant factors discriminating between natural soils supplemented with animal and plant by-products. Long-term fertilizer regimes significantly changed the PLFA fingerprints in both the soilless culture and soil based culture system. The use of these by-products in the soil was positively associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which may influence rhizosphere communities through root exudates and C translocation. Community structure was distinct and consistently different over time, despite the fertilizer supplementation. The fungal microbial community composition was less affected by pH, while the composition of the bacterial communities (Actinomycetes, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria) was closely defined by soil pH, demonstrating the significance of pH as driver of bacterial community composition. Fertilizer application may be responsible for variations over time in the ecosystem. Knowledge about the microbial interactions in tomato cultivating systems opens a window of opportunity for designing targeted fertilizers supporting sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard, Skaldenstraat 7a, Desteldonk, Belgium
- Agaris, Desteldonk, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- VIB – KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Rega Institute Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan De Neve
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Reheul
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Greenyard, Skaldenstraat 7a, Desteldonk, Belgium
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Spanoghe J, Grunert O, Wambacq E, Sakarika M, Papini G, Alloul A, Spiller M, Derycke V, Stragier L, Verstraete H, Fauconnier K, Verstraete W, Haesaert G, Vlaeminck SE. Storage, fertilization and cost properties highlight the potential of dried microbial biomass as organic fertilizer. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1377-1389. [PMID: 32180337 PMCID: PMC7415357 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to sustainable agriculture and horticulture is a societal challenge of global importance. Fertilization with a minimum impact on the environment can facilitate this. Organic fertilizers can play an important role, given their typical release pattern and production through resource recovery. Microbial fertilizers (MFs) constitute an emerging class of organic fertilizers and consist of dried microbial biomass, for instance produced on effluents from the food and beverage industry. In this study, three groups of organisms were tested as MFs: a high-rate consortium aerobic bacteria (CAB), the microalga Arthrospira platensis ('Spirulina') and a purple non-sulfur bacterium (PNSB) Rhodobacter sp. During storage as dry products, the MFs showed light hygroscopic activity, but the mineral and organic fractions remained stable over a storage period of 91 days. For biological tests, a reference organic fertilizer (ROF) was used as positive control, and a commercial organic growing medium (GM) as substrate. The mineralization patterns without and with plants were similar for all MFs and ROF, with more than 70% of the organic nitrogen mineralized in 77 days. In a first fertilization trial with parsley, all MFs showed equal performance compared to ROF, and the plant fresh weight was even higher with CAB fertilization. CAB was subsequently used in a follow-up trial with petunia and resulted in elevated plant height, comparable chlorophyll content and a higher amount of flowers compared to ROF. Finally, a cost estimation for packed GM with supplemented fertilizer indicated that CAB and a blend of CAB/PNSB (85%/15%) were most cost competitive, with an increase of 6% and 7% in cost compared to ROF. In conclusion, as bio-based fertilizers, MFs have the potential to contribute to sustainable plant nutrition, performing as good as a commercially available organic fertilizer, and to a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Spanoghe
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard Horticulture Belgium NVSkaldenstraat 7a9042GentBelgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GentBelgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Gustavo Papini
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Abbas Alloul
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Veerle Derycke
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GentBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Willy Verstraete
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122P9032WondelgemBelgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GentBelgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GentBelgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
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Robles-Aguilar AA, Grunert O, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Mysara M, Meers E, Boon N, Jablonowski ND. Effect of Applying Struvite and Organic N as Recovered Fertilizers on the Rhizosphere Dynamics and Cultivation of Lupine ( Lupinus angustifolius). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572741. [PMID: 33329631 PMCID: PMC7717983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture and horticulture heavily rely on the input of fertilizers to sustain food (and feed) production. However, high carbon footprint and pollution are associated with the mining processes of P and K, and the artificial nitrogen fixation for the production of synthetic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers or recovered nutrients from different waste sources can be used to reduce the environmental impact of fertilizers. We tested two recovered nutrients with slow-release patterns as promising alternatives for synthetic fertilizers: struvite and a commercially available organic fertilizer. Using these fertilizers as a nitrogen source, we conducted a rhizotron experiment to test their effect on plant performance and nutrient recovery in lupine plants. Plant performance was not affected by the fertilizer applied; however, N recovery was higher from the organic fertilizer than from struvite. As root architecture is fundamental for plant productivity, variations in root structure and length as a result of soil nutrient availability driven by plant-bacteria interactions were compared showing also no differences between fertilizers. However, fertilized plants were considerably different in the root length and morphology compared with the no fertilized plants. Since the microbial community influences plant nitrogen availability, we characterized the root-associated microbial community structure and functionality. Analyses revealed that the fertilizer applied had a significant impact on the associations and functionality of the bacteria inhabiting the growing medium used. The type of fertilizer significantly influenced the interindividual dissimilarities in the most abundant genera between treatments. This means that different plant species have a distinct effect on modulating the associated microbial community, but in the case of lupine, the fertilizer had a bigger effect than the plant itself. These novel insights on interactions between recovered fertilizers, plant, and associated microbes can contribute to developing sustainable crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Robles-Aguilar
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Greenyard Horticulture, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, VIB – KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie⋅Centre d’étude de l’Energie Nucléaire (SCK⋅CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Nico Boon,
| | - Nicolai D. Jablonowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Nicolai D. Jablonowski,
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