1
|
Avenel ICN, Ewald JD, Ariey-Bonnet J, Kristensen IH, Petterson SA, Thesbjerg MN, Burton M, Thomassen M, Wennerberg K, Michaelsen SR, Kristensen BW. GDNF/GFRA1 signaling contributes to chemo- and radioresistance in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17639. [PMID: 39085346 PMCID: PMC11292001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by an inherent aggressivity and resistance to treatment leading to poor prognoses. While some resistance mechanisms have been elucidated, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms is needed to increase therapeutic efficacy. In this study we first discovered glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to be upregulated in patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures after chemotherapeutic temozolomide treatment, through RNA-Seq experiments. Therefore, we investigated the role of the GDNF/GDNF receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1) signaling pathway as a resistance mechanism to chemotherapy with temozolomide and lomustine, as well as irradiation using patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures. With qPCR experiments we showed a consistent upregulation of GDNF and its primary receptor GFRA1 following all three lines of treatment. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-outs of GDNF in two patient-derived models sensitized these cells to chemotherapy treatment, but not radiotherapy. The increased sensitivity was completely reversed by the addition of exogeneous GDNF, confirming the key role of this factor in chemoresistance. Finally, a CRISPR KO of GFRA1 demonstrated a similar increased sensitivity to temozolomide and lomustine treatment, as well as radiotherapy. Together, our findings support the role of the GDNF/GFRA1 signaling pathway in glioblastoma chemo and radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inès C N Avenel
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper D Ewald
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jérémy Ariey-Bonnet
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DCCC Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida H Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine A Petterson
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin N Thesbjerg
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DCCC Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe R Michaelsen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DCCC Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- DCCC Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park J, Koh I, Cha J, Oh Y, Shim JK, Kim H, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Kim P, Kang SG. Comparison of Glioblastoma Cell Culture Platforms Based on Transcriptional Similarity with Paired Tissue. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:529. [PMID: 38675489 PMCID: PMC11054899 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
No standardized in vitro cell culture models for glioblastoma (GBM) have yet been established, excluding the traditional two-dimensional culture. GBM tumorspheres (TSs) have been highlighted as a good model platform for testing drug effects and characterizing specific features of GBM, but a detailed evaluation of their suitability and comparative performance is lacking. Here, we isolated GBM TSs and extracellular matrices (ECM) from tissues obtained from newly diagnosed IDH1 wild-type GBM patients and cultured GBM TSs on five different culture platforms: (1) ordinary TS culture liquid media (LM), (2) collagen-based three-dimensional (3D) matrix, (3) patient typical ECM-based 3D matrix, (4) patient tumor ECM-based 3D matrix, and (5) mouse brain. For evaluation, we obtained transcriptome data from all cultured GBM TSs using microarrays. The LM platform exhibited the most similar transcriptional program to paired tissues based on GBM genes, stemness- and invasiveness-related genes, transcription factor activity, and canonical signaling pathways. GBM TSs can be cultured via an easy-to-handle and cost- and time-efficient LM platform while preserving the transcriptional program of the originating tissues without supplementing the ECM or embedding it into the mouse brain. In addition to applications in basic cancer research, GBM TSs cultured in LM may also serve as patient avatars in drug screening and pre-clinical evaluation of targeted therapy and as standardized and clinically relevant models for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilkyoo Koh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (I.K.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (I.K.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoojung Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (I.K.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (I.K.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.O.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park J, Shim JK, Lee M, Kim D, Yoon SJ, Moon JH, Kim EH, Park JY, Chang JH, Kang SG. Classification of IDH wild-type glioblastoma tumorspheres into low- and high-invasion groups based on their transcriptional program. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1061-1070. [PMID: 37558923 PMCID: PMC10539507 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most lethal tumors, exhibits a highly infiltrative phenotype. Here, we identified transcription factors (TFs) that collectively modulate invasion-related genes in GBM. METHODS The invasiveness of tumorspheres (TSs) were quantified using collagen-based 3D invasion assays. TF activities were quantified by enrichment analysis using GBM transcriptome, and confirmed by cell-magnified analysis of proteome imaging. Invasion-associated TFs were knocked down using siRNA or shRNA, and TSs were orthotopically implanted into mice. RESULTS After classifying 23 patient-derived GBM TSs into low- and high-invasion groups, we identified active TFs in each group-PCBP1 for low invasion, and STAT3 and SRF for high invasion. Knockdown of these TFs reversed the phenotype and invasion-associated-marker expression of GBM TSs. Notably, MRI revealed consistent patterns of invasiveness between TSs and the originating tumors, with an association between high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Compared to controls, mice implanted with STAT3- or SRF-downregulated GBM TSs showed reduced normal tissue infiltration and tumor growth, and prolonged survival, indicating a therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative transcriptome analysis revealed three invasion-associated TFs in GBM. Based on the relationship among the transcriptional program, invasive phenotype, and prognosis, we suggest these TFs as potential targets for GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyeong Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan J, Liu B, Dai Z. The Role of a Lung Vascular Endothelium Enriched Gene TMEM100. Biomedicines 2023; 11:937. [PMID: 36979916 PMCID: PMC10045937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) is a crucial factor in the development and maintenance of the vascular system. The protein is involved in several processes such as angiogenesis, vascular morphogenesis, and integrity. Furthermore, TMEM100 is a downstream target of the BMP9/10 and BMPR2/ALK1 signaling pathways, which are key regulators of vascular development. Our recent studies have shown that TMEM100 is a lung endothelium enriched gene and plays a significant role in lung vascular repair and regeneration. The importance of TMEM100 in endothelial cells' regeneration was demonstrated when Tmem100 was specifically deleted in endothelial cells, causing an impairment in their regenerative ability. However, the role of TMEM100 in various conditions and diseases is still largely unknown, making it an interesting area of research. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TMEM100, including its expression pattern, function, molecular signaling, and clinical implications, which could be valuable in the development of novel therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Pan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park J, Lee D, Shim JK, Yoon SJ, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Lee SJ, Kang SG. Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells Derived from the Ventricle More Effectively Enhance Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Than Those Derived from the Tumor. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:157-166. [PMID: 36825341 PMCID: PMC9971438 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal human tumors with a highly infiltrative phenotype. Our previous studies showed that GBM originates in the subventricular zone, and that tumor-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (tMSLCs) promote the invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Here, we extend these studies in terms of ventricles using several types of GBM patient-derived cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The invasiveness of GBM TSs and ventricle spheres (VSs) were quantified via collagen-based 3D invasion assays. Gene expression profiles were obtained from microarray data. A mouse orthotopic xenograft model was used for in vivo experiments. RESULTS After molecular and functional characterization of ventricle-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (vMSLCs), we investigated the effects of these cells on the invasiveness of GBM TSs. We found that vMSLC-conditioned media (CM) significantly accelerated the invasiveness of GBM TSs and VSs, compared to the control and even tMSLC-CM. Transcriptome analyses revealed that vMSLC secreted significantly higher levels of several invasiveness-associated cytokines. Moreover, differentially expressed genes between vMSLCs and tMSLCs were enriched for migration, adhesion, and chemotaxis-related gene sets, providing a mechanistic basis for vMSLC-induced invasion of GBM TSs. In vivo experiments using a mouse orthotopic xenograft model confirmed vMSLC-induced increases in the invasiveness of GBM TSs. CONCLUSION Although vMSLCs are non-tumorigenic, this study adds to our understanding of how GBM cells acquire infiltrative features by vMSLCs, which are present in the region where GBM genesis originates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Fibrosis and Cancer Targeting Biotechnology, FNCT Biotech, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang G, Xu X, Zhu L, Li S, Chen R, Lv N, Li Z, Wang J, Li Q, Zhou W, Yang P, Liu J. A Novel Molecular Classification Method for Glioblastoma Based on Tumor Cell Differentiation Trajectories. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2826815. [PMID: 37964983 PMCID: PMC10643041 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2826815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest 2021 WHO classification redefines glioblastoma (GBM) as the hierarchical reporting standard by eliminating glioblastoma, IDH-mutant and only retaining the tumor entity of "glioblastoma, IDH-wild type." Knowing that subclassification of tumors based on molecular features is supposed to facilitate the therapeutic choice and increase the response rate in cancer patients, it is necessary to carry out molecular classification of the newly defined GBM. Although differentiation trajectory inference based on single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data holds great promise for identifying cell heterogeneity, it has not been used in the study of GBM molecular classification. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing data from 10 GBM samples were used to identify molecular classification based on differentiation trajectories. The expressions of identified features were validated by public bulk RNA-sequencing data. Clinical feasibility of the classification system was examined in tissue samples by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and immunofluorescence, and their clinical significance was investigated in public cohorts and clinical samples with complete clinical follow-up information. By analyzing scRNA-seq data of 10 GBM samples, four differentiation trajectories from the glioblastoma stem cell-like (GSCL) cluster were identified, based on which malignant cells were classified into five characteristic subclusters. Each cluster exhibited different potential drug sensitivities, pathways, functions, and transcriptional modules. The classification model was further examined in TCGA and CGGA datasets. According to the different abundance of five characteristic cell clusters, the patients were classified into five groups which we named Ac-G, Class-G, Neo-G, Opc-G, and Undiff-G groups. It was found that the Undiff-G group exhibited the worst overall survival (OS) in both TCGA and CGGA cohorts. In addition, the classification model was verified by IHC staining in 137 GBM samples to further clarify the difference in OS between the five groups. Furthermore, the novel biomarkers of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) were also described. In summary, we identified five classifications of GBM and found that they exhibited distinct drug sensitivities and different prognoses, suggesting that the new grouping system may be able to provide important prognostic information and have certain guiding significance for the treatment of GBM, and identified the GSCL cluster in GBM tissues and described its characteristic program, which may help develop new potential therapeutic targets for GSCs in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luojiang Zhu
- Neurosurgery Department, 922th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rundong Chen
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zifu Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bezawork-Geleta A, Dimou J, Watt MJ. Lipid droplets and ferroptosis as new players in brain cancer glioblastoma progression and therapeutic resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1085034. [PMID: 36591531 PMCID: PMC9797845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary brain tumor glioblastoma is the most lethal of all cancers and remains an extremely challenging disease. Apparent oncogenic signaling in glioblastoma is genetically complex and raised at any stage of the disease's progression. Many clinical trials have shown that anticancer drugs for any specific oncogene aberrantly expressed in glioblastoma show very limited activity. Recent discoveries have highlighted that alterations in tumor metabolism also contribute to disease progression and resistance to current therapeutics for glioblastoma, implicating an alternative avenue to improve outcomes in glioblastoma patients. The roles of glucose, glutamine and tryptophan metabolism in glioblastoma pathogenesis have previously been described. This article provides an overview of the metabolic network and regulatory changes associated with lipid droplets that suppress ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of nonapoptotic programmed cell death induced by excessive lipid peroxidation. Although few studies have focused on potential correlations between tumor progression and lipid droplet abundance, there has recently been increasing interest in identifying key players in lipid droplet biology that suppress ferroptosis and whether these dependencies can be effectively exploited in cancer treatment. This article discusses how lipid droplet metabolism, including lipid synthesis, storage, and use modulates ferroptosis sensitivity or tolerance in different cancer models, focusing on glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta,
| | - James Dimou
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glioblastoma Molecular Classification Tool Based on mRNA Analysis: From Wet-Lab to Subtype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415875. [PMID: 36555518 PMCID: PMC9784712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most glioblastoma studies incorporate the layer of tumor molecular subtype based on the four-subtype classification system proposed in 2010. Nevertheless, there is no universally recognized and convenient tool for glioblastoma molecular subtyping, and each study applies a different set of markers and/or approaches that cause inconsistencies in data comparability and reproducibility between studies. Thus, this study aimed to create an applicable user-friendly tool for glioblastoma classification, with high accuracy, while using a significantly smaller number of variables. The study incorporated a TCGA microarray, sequencing datasets, and an independent cohort of 56 glioblastomas (LUHS cohort). The models were constructed by applying the Agilent G4502 dataset, and they were tested using the Affymetrix HG-U133a and Illumina Hiseq cohorts, as well as the LUHS cases. Two classification models were constructed by applying a logistic regression classification algorithm, based on the mRNA levels of twenty selected genes. The classifiers were translated to a RT-qPCR assay and validated in an independent cohort of 56 glioblastomas. The classification accuracy of the 20-gene and 5-gene classifiers varied between 90.7-91% and 85.9-87.7%, respectively. With this work, we propose a cost-efficient three-class (classical, mesenchymal, and proneural) tool for glioblastoma molecular classification based on the mRNA analysis of only 5-20 genes, and we provide the basic information for classification performance starting from the wet-lab stage. We hope that the proposed classification tool will enable data comparability between different research groups.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Glioblastoma Stem Cells May Mostly Involve GPR55 and TRPV1 Signalling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235918. [PMID: 36497400 PMCID: PMC9738061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers, comprising 60-70% of all gliomas. The large G-protein-coupled receptor family includes cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and non-specific ion receptor protein transporters TRPs. First, we found up-regulated CNR1, GPR55, and TRPV1 expression in glioma patient-derived tissue samples and cell lines compared with non-malignant brain samples. CNR1 and GPR55 did not correlate with glioma grade, whereas TRPV1 negatively correlated with grade and positively correlated with longer overall survival. This suggests a tumour-suppressor role of TRPV1. With respect to markers of GBM stem cells, preferred targets of therapy, TRPV1 and GPR55, but not CNR1, strongly correlated with different sets of stemness gene markers: NOTCH, OLIG2, CD9, TRIM28, and TUFM and CD15, SOX2, OCT4, and ID1, respectively. This is in line with the higher expression of TRPV1 and GPR55 genes in GSCs compared with differentiated GBM cells. Second, in a panel of patient-derived GSCs, we found that CBG and CBD exhibited the highest cytotoxicity at a molar ratio of 3:1. We suggest that this mixture should be tested in experimental animals and clinical studies, in which currently used Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is replaced with efficient and non-psychoactive CBG in adjuvant standard-of-care therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
C5α secreted by tumor mesenchymal stem-like cells mediates resistance to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04347-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
11
|
Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162530. [PMID: 36010607 PMCID: PMC9406959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly lethal type of brain tumor, with poor survival despite advances in understanding its complexity. After current standard therapeutic treatment, including tumor resection, radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, the median overall survival of patients with this type of tumor is less than 15 months. Thus, there is an urgent need for new insights into GBM molecular characteristics and progress in targeted therapy in order to improve clinical outcomes. The literature data revealed that a number of different signaling pathways are dysregulated in GBM. In this review, we intended to summarize and discuss current literature data and therapeutic modalities focused on targeting dysregulated signaling pathways in GBM. A better understanding of opportunities for targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of GBM cells might open the way for the development of novel GBM-targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zolotovskaia MA, Kovalenko MA, Tkachev VS, Simonov AM, Sorokin MI, Kim E, Kuzmin DV, Karademir-Yilmaz B, Buzdin AA. Next-Generation Grade and Survival Expression Biomarkers of Human Gliomas Based on Algorithmically Reconstructed Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7330. [PMID: 35806337 PMCID: PMC9266372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In gliomas, expression of certain marker genes is strongly associated with survival and tumor type and often exceeds histological assessments. Using a human interactome model, we algorithmically reconstructed 7494 new-type molecular pathways that are centered each on an individual protein. Each single-gene expression and gene-centric pathway activation was tested as a survival and tumor grade biomarker in gliomas and their diagnostic subgroups (IDH mutant or wild type, IDH mutant with 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT promoter methylated or unmethylated), including the three major molecular subtypes of glioblastoma (proneural, mesenchymal, classical). We used three datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, which in total include 527 glioblastoma and 1097 low grade glioma profiles. We identified 2724 such gene and 2418 pathway survival biomarkers out of total 17,717 genes and 7494 pathways analyzed. We then assessed tumor grade and molecular subtype biomarkers and with the threshold of AUC > 0.7 identified 1322/982 gene biomarkers and 472/537 pathway biomarkers. This suggests roughly two times greater efficacy of the reconstructed pathway approach compared to gene biomarkers. Thus, we conclude that activation levels of algorithmically reconstructed gene-centric pathways are a potent class of new-generation diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna A. Zolotovskaia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.M.S.); (M.I.S.); (D.V.K.)
| | - Max A. Kovalenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.M.S.); (M.I.S.); (D.V.K.)
| | | | - Alexander M. Simonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.M.S.); (M.I.S.); (D.V.K.)
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA;
| | - Maxim I. Sorokin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.M.S.); (M.I.S.); (D.V.K.)
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA 91789, USA;
- Laboratory of Clinical and Genomic Bioinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ella Kim
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Experimental Neurooncology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Centre, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55124 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Denis V. Kuzmin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.M.S.); (M.I.S.); (D.V.K.)
| | - Betul Karademir-Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine/Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
| | - Anton A. Buzdin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- PathoBiology Group, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shafi O, Siddiqui G. Tracing the origins of glioblastoma by investigating the role of gliogenic and related neurogenic genes/signaling pathways in GBM development: a systematic review. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35538578 PMCID: PMC9087910 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors. The etiology and the factors determining its onset are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the origins of GBM, and for this purpose, it focuses primarily on developmental gliogenic processes. It also focuses on the impact of the related neurogenic developmental processes in glioblastoma oncogenesis. It also addresses why glial cells are at more risk of tumor development compared to neurons. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving glioblastoma, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, stemness, neural stem cells, gliogenic signaling and pathways, neurogenic signaling and pathways, and astrocytogenic genes. Results The origin of GBM is dependent on dysregulation in multiple genes and pathways that accumulatively converge the cells towards oncogenesis. There are multiple layers of steps in glioblastoma oncogenesis including the failure of cell fate-specific genes to keep the cells differentiated in their specific cell types such as p300, BMP, HOPX, and NRSF/REST. There are genes and signaling pathways that are involved in differentiation and also contribute to GBM such as FGFR3, JAK-STAT, and hey1. The genes that contribute to differentiation processes but also contribute to stemness in GBM include notch, Sox9, Sox4, c-myc gene overrides p300, and then GFAP, leading to upregulation of nestin, SHH, NF-κB, and others. GBM mutations pathologically impact the cell circuitry such as the interaction between Sox2 and JAK-STAT pathway, resulting in GBM development and progression. Conclusion Glioblastoma originates when the gene expression of key gliogenic genes and signaling pathways become dysregulated. This study identifies key gliogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis in glioblastoma cells, including p300, BMP, PAX6, HOPX, NRSF/REST, LIF, and TGF beta. It also identifies key neurogenic genes having the ability to control oncogenesis including PAX6, neurogenins including Ngn1, NeuroD1, NeuroD4, Numb, NKX6-1 Ebf, Myt1, and ASCL1. This study also postulates how aging contributes to the onset of glioblastoma by dysregulating the gene expression of NF-κB, REST/NRSF, ERK, AKT, EGFR, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Impair Glioblastoma Cell Motility and Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081897. [PMID: 35454804 PMCID: PMC9027190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the deadliest brain tumor; with patients displaying a high incidence of relapse and a 3-year survival of only 3–5%. For these reasons, investigation of the molecular basis of the disease could provide novel targets for therapy and improve patient prognoses. Based on our previous data, demonstrating that high levels of the transcription factor TCF4 (TCF7L2) sustain the aggressiveness and the stem cell features of these tumors, in this study we tested the ability of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) Trichostatin-A and Vorinostat to suppress TCF4 levels. We demonstrated that HDI treatment impairs proliferation and viability of GBM cells. Moreover, molecular analysis of HDI effects disclosed their ability to counteract tumor cell motility by affecting the RhoA-GTPase and the interferon pathways, supporting their further characterization as potential anti-GBM agents. Abstract Despite being subjected to high-dose chemo and radiotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) patients still encounter almost inevitable relapse, due to the capability of tumor cells to disseminate and invade normal brain tissues. Moreover, the presence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation, already demonstrated to better resist and evade treatments, further frustrates potential therapeutic approaches. In this context, we previously demonstrated that GBM is characterized by a tightly-regulated balance between the β-catenin cofactors TCF1 and TCF4, with high levels of TCF4 responsible for sustaining CSC in these tumors; thus, supporting their aggressive features. Since histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) have been reported to strongly reduce TCF4 levels in colon cancer cells, we hypothesized that they could also exert a similar therapeutic action in GBM. Here, we treated primary GBM cultures with Trichostatin-A and Vorinostat, demonstrating their ability to strongly suppress the Wnt-dependent pathways; thus, promoting CSC differentiation and concomitantly impairing GBM cell viability and proliferation. More interestingly, analysis of their molecular effects suggested a prominent HDI action against GBM cell motility/migration, which we demonstrated to rely on the inhibition of the RhoA-GTPase and interferon intracellular cascades. Our results suggest HDI as potential therapeutic agents in GBM, through their action on multiple cancer hallmarks.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ganser K, Eckert F, Riedel A, Stransky N, Paulsen F, Noell S, Krueger M, Schittenhelm J, Beck-Wödl S, Zips D, Ruth P, Huber SM, Klumpp L. Patient-individual phenotypes of glioblastoma stem cells are conserved in culture and associate with radioresistance, brain infiltration and patient prognosis. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1722-1733. [PMID: 35085407 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Identification of prognostic or predictive molecular markers in glioblastoma resection specimens may lead to strategies for therapy stratification and personalized treatment planning. Here, we analyzed in primary glioblastoma stem cell (pGSC) cultures the mRNA abundances of 7 stem cell (MSI1, Notch1, nestin, Sox2, Oct4, FABP7, ALDH1A3), and 3 radioresistance or invasion markers (CXCR4, IKCa , BKCa ). From these abundances, an mRNA signature was deduced which describes the mesenchymal-to-proneural expression profile of an individual GSC culture. To assess its functional significance, we associated the GSC mRNA signature with the clonogenic survival after irradiation with 4 Gy and the fibrin matrix invasion of the GSC cells. In addition, we compared the molecular pGSC mRNA signature with the tumor recurrence pattern and the overall survival of the glioblastoma patients from whom the pGSC cultures were derived. As a result, the molecular pGSC mRNA signature correlated positively with the pGSC radioresistance and matrix invasion capability in vitro. Moreover, patients with a mesenchymal (> median) mRNA signature in their pGSC cultures exhibited predominantly a multifocal tumor recurrence and a significantly (univariate log rank test) shorter overall survival than patients with proneural (≤ median mRNA signature) pGSCs. The tumors of the latter recurred predominately unifocally. We conclude that our pGSC cultures induce/select those cell subpopulations of the heterogeneous brain tumor that determine disease progression and therapy outcome. In addition, we further postulate a clinically relevant prognostic/predictive value for the 10 mRNAs-based mesenchymal-to-proneural signature of the GSC subpopulations in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ganser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Riedel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Stransky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susan Noell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krueger
- Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Calwerstr. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- Institute of Medical Genetics und Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stevanovic M, Kovacevic-Grujicic N, Mojsin M, Milivojevic M, Drakulic D. SOX transcription factors and glioma stem cells: Choosing between stemness and differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1417-1445. [PMID: 34786152 PMCID: PMC8567447 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, most aggressive and deadliest brain tumor. Recently, remarkable progress has been made towards understanding the cellular and molecular biology of gliomas. GBM tumor initiation, progression and relapse as well as resistance to treatments are associated with glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs exhibit a high proliferation rate and self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into diverse cell types, generating a range of distinct cell types within the tumor, leading to cellular heterogeneity. GBM tumors may contain different subsets of GSCs, and some of them may adopt a quiescent state that protects them against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. GSCs enriched in recurrent gliomas acquire more aggressive and therapy-resistant properties, making them more malignant, able to rapidly spread. The impact of SOX transcription factors (TFs) on brain tumors has been extensively studied in the last decade. Almost all SOX genes are expressed in GBM, and their expression levels are associated with patient prognosis and survival. Numerous SOX TFs are involved in the maintenance of the stemness of GSCs or play a role in the initiation of GSC differentiation. The fine-tuning of SOX gene expression levels controls the balance between cell stemness and differentiation. Therefore, innovative therapies targeting SOX TFs are emerging as promising tools for combatting GBM. Combatting GBM has been a demanding and challenging goal for decades. The current therapeutic strategies have not yet provided a cure for GBM and have only resulted in a slight improvement in patient survival. Novel approaches will require the fine adjustment of multimodal therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target numerous hallmarks of cancer cells to win the battle against GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
- Chair Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Natasa Kovacevic-Grujicic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojsin
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| | - Milena Milivojevic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| | - Danijela Drakulic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gavrish GE, Chistyakov DV, Sergeeva MG. ARGEOS: A New Bioinformatic Tool for Detailed Systematics Search in GEO and ArrayExpress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1026. [PMID: 34681124 PMCID: PMC8533512 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conduct a reanalysis of transcriptome data for studying intracellular signaling or solving other experimental problems is becoming increasingly popular. Gene expression data are archived as microarray or RNA-seq datasets mainly in two public databases: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress (AE). These databases were not initially intended to systematically search datasets, making it challenging to conduct a secondary study. Therefore, we have created the ARGEOS service, which has the following advantages that facilitate the search: (1) Users can simultaneously send several requests that are supposed to be used for systematic searches, and it is possible to correct the requests; (2) advanced analysis of information about the dataset is available. The service collects detailed protocols, information on the number of datasets, analyzes the availability of raw data, and provides other reference information. All this contributes to both rapid data analysis with the search for the most relevant datasets and to the systematic search with detailed analysis of the information of the datasets. The efficiency of the service is shown in the example of analyzing transcriptome data of activated (polarized) cells. We have performed a systematic search of studies of cell polarization (when cells are exposed to different immune stimuli). The web interface for ARGEOS is user-friendly and straightforward. It can be used by a person who is not familiar with database searching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleb E. Gavrish
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xia Q, Liu L, Li Y, Zhang P, Han D, Dong L. Therapeutic Perspective of Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma Treatment. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:627-644. [PMID: 34254870 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1952595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal form of primary brain neoplasm. TMZ is the first-line standard treatment, but the strong resistance constrains the efficacy in clinical use. GB contains glioma stem cells (GSCs), which contribute to TMZ resistance, promote cell survival evolvement, and repopulate the tumor mass. This review summarizes the TMZ-resistance mechanisms and discusses several potential therapies from the conservative opinion of GSC-targeted therapy orientation to the current view of TMZ resistance-aimed efficacy, which will provide an understanding of the role of heterogeneity in drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Da Han
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lah Turnšek T, Jiao X, Novak M, Jammula S, Cicero G, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Pestell RG. An Update on Glioblastoma Biology, Genetics, and Current Therapies: Novel Inhibitors of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor CCR5. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4464. [PMID: 33923334 PMCID: PMC8123168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms governing therapeutic resistance of the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma, have increasingly focused on tumor stem cells. These cells, protected by the periarteriolar hypoxic GSC niche, contribute to the poor efficacy of standard of care treatment of glioblastoma. Integrated proteogenomic and metabolomic analyses of glioblastoma tissues and single cells have revealed insights into the complex heterogeneity of glioblastoma and stromal cells, comprising its tumor microenvironment (TME). An additional factor, which isdriving poor therapy response is the distinct genetic drivers in each patient's tumor, providing the rationale for a more individualized or personalized approach to treatment. We recently reported that the G protein-coupled receptor CCR5, which contributes to stem cell expansion in other cancers, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells. Overexpression of the CCR5 ligand CCL5 (RANTES) in glioblastoma completes a potential autocrine activation loop to promote tumor proliferation and invasion. CCL5 was not expressed in glioblastoma stem cells, suggesting a need for paracrine activation of CCR5 signaling by the stromal cells. TME-associated immune cells, such as resident microglia, infiltrating macrophages, T cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, possibly release CCR5 ligands, providing heterologous signaling between stromal and glioblastoma stem cells. Herein, we review current therapies for glioblastoma, the role of CCR5 in other cancers, and the potential role for CCR5 inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA;
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Sriharsha Jammula
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Gina Cicero
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Philadelphia, 100 East Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA 19069, USA
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA;
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Involvement of the Catecholamine Pathway in Glioblastoma Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030549. [PMID: 33806345 PMCID: PMC7998903 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The standard of care improves the overall survival of patients only by a few months. Explorations of new therapeutic targets related to molecular properties of the tumor are under way. Even though neurotransmitters and their receptors normally function as mediators of interneuronal communication, growing data suggest that these molecules are also involved in modulating the development and growth of GBM by acting on neuronal and glioblastoma stem cells. In our previous DNA CpG methylation studies, gene ontology analyses revealed the involvement of the monoamine pathway in sequential GBM. In this follow-up study, we quantitated the expression levels of four selected catecholamine pathway markers (alpha 1D adrenergic receptor-ADRA1D; adrenergic beta receptor kinase 1 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-ADRBK1/GRK2; dopamine receptor D2-DRD2; and synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter-SLC18A2) by immunohistochemistry, and compared the histological scores with the methylation levels within the promoters + genes of these markers in 21 pairs of sequential GBM and in controls. Subsequently, we also determined the promoter and gene methylation levels of the same markers in an independent database cohort of sequential GBM pairs. These analyses revealed partial inverse correlations between the catecholamine protein expression and promoter + gene methylation levels, when the tumor and control samples were compared. However, we found no differences in the promoter + gene methylation levels of these markers in either our own or in the database primary-recurrent GBM pairs, despite the higher protein expression of all markers in the primary samples. This observation suggests that regulation of catecholamine expression is only partially related to CpG methylation within the promoter + gene regions, and additional mechanisms may also influence the expression of these markers in progressive GBM. These analyses underscore the involvement of certain catecholamine pathway markers in GBM development and suggest that these molecules mediating or modulating tumor growth merit further exploration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Supplitt S, Karpinski P, Sasiadek M, Laczmanska I. Current Achievements and Applications of Transcriptomics in Personalized Cancer Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1422. [PMID: 33572595 PMCID: PMC7866970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, transcriptome profiling emerged as one of the most powerful approaches in oncology, providing prognostic and predictive utility for cancer management. The development of novel technologies, such as revolutionary next-generation sequencing, enables the identification of cancer biomarkers, gene signatures, and their aberrant expression affecting oncogenesis, as well as the discovery of molecular targets for anticancer therapies. Transcriptomics contribute to a change in the holistic understanding of cancer, from histopathological and organic to molecular classifications, opening a more personalized perspective for tumor diagnostics and therapy. The further advancement on transcriptome profiling may allow standardization and cost reduction of its analysis, which will be the next step for transcriptomics to become a canon of contemporary cancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Supplitt
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Pawel Karpinski
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sasiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Izabela Laczmanska
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao L, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xuan S, Zhao P. Comprehensive Characterization of Alternative mRNA Splicing Events in Glioblastoma: Implications for Prognosis, Molecular Subtypes, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling. Front Oncol 2021; 10:555632. [PMID: 33575206 PMCID: PMC7870873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.555632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA has been widely reported to be associated with the progression of malignant tumors. However, a systematic investigation into the prognostic value of AS events in glioblastoma (GBM) is urgently required. The gene expression profile and matched AS events data of GBM patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) and TCGA SpliceSeq database, respectively. 775 AS events were identified as prognostic factors using univariate Cox regression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox model was performed to narrow down candidate AS events, and a risk score model based on several AS events were developed subsequently. The risk score-based signature was proved as an efficient predictor of overall survival and was closely related to the tumor purity and immunosuppression in GBM. Combined similarity network fusion and consensus clustering (SNF-CC) analysis revealed two distinct GBM subtypes based on the prognostic AS events, and the associations between this novel molecular classification and clinicopathological factors, immune cell infiltration, as well as immunogenic features were further explored. We also constructed a regulatory network to depict the potential mechanisms that how prognostic splicing factors (SFs) regulate splicing patterns in GBM. Finally, a nomogram incorporating AS events signature and other clinical-relevant covariates was built for clinical application. This comprehensive analysis highlights the potential implications for predicting prognosis and clinical management in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shurui Xuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoon SJ, Son HY, Shim JK, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Teo WY, Kim SH, Park SW, Huh YM, Kang SG. Co-expression of cancer driver genes: IDH-wildtype glioblastoma-derived tumorspheres. J Transl Med 2020; 18:482. [PMID: 33317554 PMCID: PMC7734785 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driver genes of GBM may be crucial for the onset of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype (WT) glioblastoma (GBM). However, it is still unknown whether the genes are expressed in the identical cluster of cells. Here, we have examined the gene expression patterns of GBM tissues and patient-derived tumorspheres (TSs) and aimed to find a progression-related gene. METHODS We retrospectively collected primary IDH-WT GBM tissue samples (n = 58) and tumor-free cortical tissue samples (control, n = 20). TSs are isolated from the IDH-WT GBM tissue with B27 neurobasal medium. Associations among the driver genes were explored in the bulk tissue, bulk cell, and a single cell RNAsequencing techniques (scRNAseq) considering the alteration status of TP53, PTEN, EGFR, and TERT promoter as well as MGMT promoter methylation. Transcriptomic perturbation by temozolomide (TMZ) was examined in the two TSs. RESULTS We comprehensively compared the gene expression of the known driver genes as well as MGMT, PTPRZ1, or IDH1. Bulk RNAseq databases of the primary GBM tissue revealed a significant association between TERT and TP53 (p < 0.001, R = 0.28) and its association increased in the recurrent tumor (p < 0.001, R = 0.86). TSs reflected the tissue-level patterns of association between the two genes (p < 0.01, R = 0.59, n = 20). A scRNAseq data of a TS revealed the TERT and TP53 expressing cells are in a same single cell cluster. The driver-enriched cluster dominantly expressed the glioma-associated long noncoding RNAs. Most of the driver-associated genes were downregulated after TMZ except IGFBP5. CONCLUSIONS GBM tissue level expression patterns of EGFR, TERT, PTEN, IDH1, PTPRZ1, and MGMT are observed in the GBM TSs. The driver gene-associated cluster of the GBM single cells were enriched with the glioma-associated long noncoding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang P, Xia Q, Liu L, Li S, Dong L. Current Opinion on Molecular Characterization for GBM Classification in Guiding Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:562798. [PMID: 33102518 PMCID: PMC7506064 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.562798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly invasive and the deadliest brain tumor in adults. It is characterized by inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, short patient survival, and lack of effective treatment. Prognosis and therapy selection is driven by molecular data from gene transcription, genetic alterations and DNA methylation. The four GBM molecular subtypes are proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal. More effective personalized therapy heavily depends on higher resolution molecular subtype signatures, combined with gene therapy, immunotherapy and organoid technology. In this review, we summarize the principal GBM molecular classifications that guide diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oh S, Yeom J, Cho HJ, Kim JH, Yoon SJ, Kim H, Sa JK, Ju S, Lee H, Oh MJ, Lee W, Kwon Y, Li H, Choi S, Han JH, Chang JH, Choi E, Kim J, Her NG, Kim SH, Kang SG, Paek E, Nam DH, Lee C, Kim HS. Integrated pharmaco-proteogenomics defines two subgroups in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma with prognostic and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3288. [PMID: 32620753 PMCID: PMC7335111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic and therapeutic relevance of molecular subtypes for the most aggressive isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) is currently limited due to high molecular heterogeneity of the tumors that impedes patient stratification. Here, we describe a distinct binary classification of IDH wild-type GBM tumors derived from a quantitative proteomic analysis of 39 IDH wild-type GBMs as well as IDH mutant and low-grade glioma controls. Specifically, GBM proteomic cluster 1 (GPC1) tumors exhibit Warburg-like features, neural stem-cell markers, immune checkpoint ligands, and a poor prognostic biomarker, FKBP prolyl isomerase 9 (FKBP9). Meanwhile, GPC2 tumors show elevated oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins, differentiated oligodendrocyte and astrocyte markers, and a favorable prognostic biomarker, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). Integrating these proteomic features with the pharmacological profiles of matched patient-derived cells (PDCs) reveals that the mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor AZD2014 is cytotoxic to the poor prognostic PDCs. Our analyses will guide GBM prognosis and precision treatment strategies. The heterogeneity of IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma limits its prognosis and therapy. Here, the authors show a binary stratification, based on quantitative proteomic analysis of samples from patients with glioblastoma, with different prognosis and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hwa Kim
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinyeong Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwanho Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Joon Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonyeop Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumi Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyuk Choi
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsuk Choi
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayeon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Gu Her
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunok Paek
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delgado‐Martín B, Medina MÁ. Advances in the Knowledge of the Molecular Biology of Glioblastoma and Its Impact in Patient Diagnosis, Stratification, and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902971. [PMID: 32382477 PMCID: PMC7201267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They arise in the glial tissue and primarily occur in the brain. Low-grade tumors of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tend to progress to high-grade gliomas of WHO grade III and, eventually, glioblastoma of WHO grade IV, which is the most common and deadly glioma, with a median survival of 12-15 months after final diagnosis. Knowledge of the molecular biology and genetics of glioblastoma has increased significantly in the past few years, giving rise to classification methods that can help in management and stratification of glioblastoma patients. However, glioblastoma remains an incurable disease. Glioblastoma cells have acquired genetic and metabolic adaptations in order to sustain tumor growth and progression, including changes in energetic metabolism, invasive capacity, migration, and angiogenesis, that make it very difficult to find suitable therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients is surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Although progress in glioblastoma therapies in recent years has been more limited than in other tumors, numerous drugs and targets are being proposed and many clinical trials are underway to develop effective subtype-specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Delgado‐Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)MálagaE‐29071Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MálagaE‐29071Spain
| |
Collapse
|