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Zhu S, Li W, Yu S, Komatsu N, Baydin A, Wang F, Sun F, Wang C, Chen W, Tan CS, Liang H, Yomogida Y, Yanagi K, Kono J, Wang QJ. Extreme Polarization Anisotropy in Resonant Third-Harmonic Generation from Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304082. [PMID: 37391190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extremely anisotropic electronic, thermal, and optical properties owing to their 1D character. While their linear optical properties have been extensively studied, nonlinear optical processes, such as harmonic generation for frequency conversion, remain largely unexplored in CNTs, particularly in macroscopic CNT assemblies. In this work, macroscopic films of aligned and type-separated (semiconducting and metallic) CNTs are synthesized and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG) from the films with fundamental wavelengths ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 µm is studied. Both films exhibited strongly wavelength-dependent, intense THG signals, enhanced through exciton resonances, and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of 2.50 × 10-19 m2 V-2 (semiconducting CNTs) and 1.23 × 10-19 m2 V-2 (metallic CNTs), respectively are found, for 1.8 µm excitation. Further, through systematic polarization-dependent THG measurements, the values of all elements of the susceptibility tensor are determined, verifying the macroscopically 1D nature of the films. Finally, polarized THG imaging is performed to demonstrate the nonlinear anisotropy in the large-size CNT film with good alignment. These findings promise applications of aligned CNT films in mid-infrared frequency conversion, nonlinear optical switching, polarized pulsed lasers, polarized long-wave detection, and high-performance anisotropic nonlinear photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shengjie Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chuan Seng Tan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Houkun Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Piccotti D, Trevisani M, Pirruccio G, Kalinic B, Cesca T, Mattei G. Polarized coherent emission outside high-symmetry points of dye-coupled plasmonic lattices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8641-8650. [PMID: 36891948 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing intense, coherent and ultra-fast light sources with nanoscale dimensions is a crucial issue for many applications in nanophotonics. To date, plasmonic nanolasers represent one of the most promising nanophotonic devices capable of this remarkable feature. In the present work we report on the emission properties of two-dimensional Au hexagonal nanodome arrays, fabricated by nanosphere lithography, coupled with a dye liquid solution used as the gain medium. Low-threshold stimulated emission at room temperature is demonstrated by spectral and angle-resolved photoluminescence measurements performed as a function of the pump fluence. The emission arises with narrow angular divergence in off-normal direction, out of high-symmetry points of the plasmonic lattice. The polarization properties of the stimulated emission are investigated, revealing a strong linear polarization character controlled by the polarization orientation of the pumping beam, while the first-order temporal coherence properties are measured by using a tilted-mirrors Michelson interferometer. Finally, by comparing the results obtained for the plasmonic Au nanodomes arrays with those of purely dielectric nanoarrays, the role of the plasmonic modes and the photonic lattice modes in the emission process is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piccotti
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mirko Trevisani
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pirruccio
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 20-364, Mexico D.F. 01000, Mexico
| | - Boris Kalinic
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ali RF, Gates BD. Lithium niobate particles with a tunable diameter and porosity for optical second harmonic generation. RSC Adv 2021; 12:822-833. [PMID: 35425117 PMCID: PMC8979055 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniform, porous particles of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) can be used as contrast agents in bioimaging, drug delivery carriers, nonlinear optical emitters, biosensors, photocatalysts and electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries. In this article, we introduce a hydrothermal method to prepare uniform, mesoporous LiNbO3 particles with a tunable diameter and porosity. These properties are each tuned by adjusting the reaction times of the hydrothermal process. This approach forms mesoporous LiNbO3 particles without the addition of organic additives (e.g., surfactants) or hard templates (e.g., silica). Formation of these LiNbO3 particles proceeds through an aqueous sol-gel reaction in which niobium hydroxide species are generated in situ and undergo a condensation reaction in the presence of lithium hydroxide to form a colloidal solution. A hydrothermal reaction using this solution resulted in the formation of uniform, solid, and semi-crystalline particles. A post-calcination step induces crystallinity in the product and transforms the particles into mesoporous materials composed of a rhombohedral LiNbO3 phase. An increase in reaction time results in an increase in the diameter of these particles from 580 to 1850 nm, but also decreases their porosity. These LiNbO3 particles were active towards second harmonic generation (SHG), and their SHG response resembled that of larger crystals of rhombohedral LiNbO3. This work also offers a viable strategy for manufacturing other materials (e.g., tantalates, titanates, niobates) with tunable dimensions and porosity that enable a broad range of applications in photonics, energy, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Faryad Ali
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Byron D Gates
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Tou TY, Ng SW. SHG in a centrosymmetric crystal - can it be possible? ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 77:586-590. [PMID: 34607980 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621009293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present report lists selected publications on centrosymmetric compounds that manifest second harmonic generation responses in a laser, along with a few publications that dispute the laser outcomes. Two studies provide a plausible explanation for this apparent contradiction between second-order nonlinear susceptibility and inversion symmetry: the crystals are noncentrosymmetric and are twinned by inversion. If crystal structures of SHG-active compounds are presented in centrosymmetric settings, the authors of the publications may consider stipulating that the true space group is likely to be one of the noncentrosymmetric sub-space groups.
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Lu F, Bai D, Xue T, Meng C, Liu M, Mao D, Gao F, Mei T. Plasmon-enhanced nonlinear nanofocusing of gold nanoprisms driven via an ultrafast azimuthal vector beam. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7045-7050. [PMID: 32154544 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09710d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the plasmon-enhanced nonlinear nanofocusing of a gold (Au) nanoprism array substrate (ANAS) driven via an ultrafast azimuthal vector beam (AVB). Theoretical calculations show that the electric-field intensity of the ANAS vertically excited via the femtosecond AVB is higher than that of LPB excitation. In this experiment, the second-order surface nonlinear optical response of the ANAS is adopted to examine the nonlinear plasmonic nanofocusing of the ANAS, and it was observed that the second harmonic (SH) intensity of the ANAS excited via the femtosecond AVB is ∼3.8 times higher than that of LPB excitation, revealing that the ANAS under AVB excitation has a better nonlinear plasmonic nanofocusing characteristic than that under LPB excitation. Furthermore, the GaSe nanosheets are transferred on the ANAS to examine the nonlinear plasmonic nanofocusing of the ANAS. The SH intensity of the GaSe nanosheets deposited on the ANAS via the femtosecond AVB excitation has been enhanced ∼4.7 times than that of LPB excitation, indicating that the ANAS via AVB excitation has better nonlinear plasmonic nanofocusing than that of LPB excitation. This method may be used as a nonlinear nanofocusing light source to increase the light-matter nonlinear interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wending Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physics Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Cesca T, Genchi D, Rangel-Rojo R, Reyes-Esqueda JA, Mattei G. Broadband tunable nonlinear optical response in plasmonic metamaterials -INVITED. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023811001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured materials with tunable nonlinear optical response are of great interest for different applications in nanophotonics. In this work we report the results of a comprehensive study on the nonlinear optical properties of two kinds of plasmonic metamaterials, i.e., honeycomb nanoprism arrays and multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials, which proved to have a very rich spectrum of parameters (as metamaterials morphology and composition, wavelength and polarization of an input beam) to exploit for controlling their nonlinear response over a broad spectral range.
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