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Zhu S, Li W, Yu S, Komatsu N, Baydin A, Wang F, Sun F, Wang C, Chen W, Tan CS, Liang H, Yomogida Y, Yanagi K, Kono J, Wang QJ. Extreme Polarization Anisotropy in Resonant Third-Harmonic Generation from Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304082. [PMID: 37391190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extremely anisotropic electronic, thermal, and optical properties owing to their 1D character. While their linear optical properties have been extensively studied, nonlinear optical processes, such as harmonic generation for frequency conversion, remain largely unexplored in CNTs, particularly in macroscopic CNT assemblies. In this work, macroscopic films of aligned and type-separated (semiconducting and metallic) CNTs are synthesized and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG) from the films with fundamental wavelengths ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 µm is studied. Both films exhibited strongly wavelength-dependent, intense THG signals, enhanced through exciton resonances, and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of 2.50 × 10-19 m2 V-2 (semiconducting CNTs) and 1.23 × 10-19 m2 V-2 (metallic CNTs), respectively are found, for 1.8 µm excitation. Further, through systematic polarization-dependent THG measurements, the values of all elements of the susceptibility tensor are determined, verifying the macroscopically 1D nature of the films. Finally, polarized THG imaging is performed to demonstrate the nonlinear anisotropy in the large-size CNT film with good alignment. These findings promise applications of aligned CNT films in mid-infrared frequency conversion, nonlinear optical switching, polarized pulsed lasers, polarized long-wave detection, and high-performance anisotropic nonlinear photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shengjie Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chuan Seng Tan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Houkun Liang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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