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Koniar H, Wharton L, Ingham A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Kunz P, Radchenko V, Yang H, Rahmim A, Uribe C, Schaffer P. In vivoquantitative SPECT imaging of actinium-226: feasibility and proof-of-concept. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:155003. [PMID: 38925140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad5c37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective.225Ac radiopharmaceuticals have tremendous potential for targeted alpha therapy, however,225Ac (t1/2= 9.9 d) lacks direct gamma emissions forin vivoimaging.226Ac (t1/2= 29.4 h) is a promising element-equivalent matched diagnostic radionuclide for preclinical evaluation of225Ac radiopharmaceuticals.226Ac has two gamma emissions (158 keV and 230 keV) suitable for SPECT imaging. This work is the first feasibility study forin vivoquantitative226Ac SPECT imaging and validation of activity estimation.Approach.226Ac was produced at TRIUMF (Vancouver, Canada) with its Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) facility. [226Ac]Ac3+was radiolabelled with the bioconjugate crown-TATE developed for therapeutic targeting of neuroendocrine tumours. Mice with AR42J tumour xenografts were injected with either 2 MBq of [226Ac]Ac-crown-TATE or 4 MBq of free [226Ac]Ac3+activity and were scanned at 1, 2.5, 5, and 24 h post injection in a preclinical microSPECT/CT. Quantitative SPECT images were reconstructed from the 158 keV and 230 keV photopeaks with attenuation, background, and scatter corrections. Image-based226Ac activity measurements were assessed from volumes of interest within tumours and organs of interest. Imaging data was compared withex vivobiodistribution measured via gamma counter.Main results. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first everin vivoquantitative SPECT images of226Ac activity distributions. Time-activity curves derived from SPECT images quantify thein vivobiodistribution of [226Ac]Ac-crown-TATE and free [226Ac]Ac3+activity. Image-based activity measurements in the tumours and organs of interest corresponded well withex vivobiodistribution measurements.Significance. Here in, we established the feasibility ofin vivo226Ac quantitative SPECT imaging for accurate measurement of actinium biodistribution in a preclinical model. This imaging method could facilitate more efficient development of novel actinium labelled compounds by providing accurate quantitativein vivopharmacokinetic information essential for estimating toxicities, dosimetry, and therapeutic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Koniar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Aidan Ingham
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter Kunz
- Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Carlos Uribe
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
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Liubchenko G, Böning G, Zacherl M, Rumiantcev M, Unterrainer LM, Gildehaus FJ, Brendel M, Resch S, Bartenstein P, Ziegler SI, Delker A. Image-based dosimetry for [ 225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy and the effect of daughter-specific pharmacokinetics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2504-2514. [PMID: 38512484 PMCID: PMC11178588 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although 221Fr and 213Bi have sufficient gamma emission probabilities, quantitative SPECT after [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy remains challenging due to low therapeutic activities. Furthermore, 221Fr and 213Bi may underlie a different pharmacokinetics due to alpha recoil. We conducted a quantitative SPECT study and a urine analysis to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 221Fr and 213Bi and the impact on image-based lesion and kidney dosimetry. METHODS Five patients (7.7 ± 0.2 MBq [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T) underwent an abdominal SPECT/CT (1 h) at 24 and 48 h (Siemens Symbia T2, high-energy collimator, 440 keV/218 keV (width 20%), 78 keV (width 50%)). Quantitative SPECT was reconstructed using MAP-EM with attenuation and transmission-dependent scatter corrections and resolution modelling. Time-activity curves for kidneys (CT-based) and lesions (80% isocontour 24 h) were fitted mono-exponentially. Urine samples collected along with each SPECT/CT were measured in a gamma counter until secular equilibrium was reached. RESULTS Mean kidney and lesion effective half-lives were as follows: 213Bi, 27 ± 6/38 ± 10 h; 221Fr, 24 ± 6/38 ± 11 h; 78 keV, 23 ± 7/39 ± 13 h. The 213Bi-to-221Fr kidney SUV ratio increased by an average of 9% from 24 to 48 h. Urine analysis revealed an increasing 213Bi-to-225Ac ratio (24 h, 0.98 ± 0.15; 48 h, 1.08 ± 0.09). Mean kidney and lesion absorbed doses were 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.36 ± 0.1 Sv RBE = 5 /MBq using 221Fr and 213Bi SPECT images, compared to 0.16 ± 0.05/0.18 ± 0.06 and 0.36 ± 0.1/0.38 ± 0.1 Sv RBE = 5 /MBq considering either the 221Fr or 213Bi SPECT. CONCLUSION SPECT/CT imaging and urine analysis showed minor differences of up to 10% in the daughter-specific pharmacokinetics. These variances had a minimal impact on the lesion and kidney dosimetry which remained within 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Liubchenko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Zacherl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikhail Rumiantcev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena M Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Franz Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- SyNergy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Resch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle I Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Delker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Zannoni EM, Sankar P, Jin Y, Liu C, Sinusas AJ, Metzler SD, Meng LJ. Design and development of the DE-SPECT system: a clinical SPECT system for broadband multi-isotope imaging of peripheral vascular disease. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:125016. [PMID: 38815617 PMCID: PMC11167601 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) affects more than 230 million people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of disability among people over age 60. Nowadays, PVD remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated, and requires the development of tailored diagnostic approaches. We present the full design of the Dynamic Extremity SPECT (DE-SPECT) system, the first organ-dedicated SPECT system for lower extremity imaging, based on 1 cm thick Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) spectrometers and a dynamic dual field-of-view (FOV) synthetic compound-eye (SCE) collimator.Approach. The proposed DE-SPECT detection system consists of 48 1 cm thick 3D-position-sensitive CZT spectrometers arranged in a partial ring of 59 cm in diameter in a checkerboard pattern. The detection system is coupled with a compact dynamic SCE collimator that allows the user to select between two different FOVs at any time during an imaging study: a wide-FOV (28 cm diameter) configuration for dual-leg or scout imaging or a high-resolution and high-sensitivity (HR-HS) FOV (16 cm diameter) for single-leg or focused imaging.Main results.The preliminary experimental data show that the CZT spectrometer achieves a 3D intrinsic spatial resolution of <0.75 mm FWHM and an excellent energy resolution over a broad energy range (2.6 keV FWHM at 218, 3.3 keV at 440 keV). From simulations, the wide-FOV configuration offers a 0.034% averaged sensitivity at 140 keV and <8 mm spatial resolution, whereas the HR-HS configuration presents a peak central sensitivity of 0.07% at 140 keV and a ∼5 mm spatial resolution. The dynamic SCE collimator enables the capability to perform joint reconstructions that would ensure an overall improvement in imaging performance.Significance. The DE-SPECT system is a stationary and high-performance SPECT system that offers an excellent spectroscopic performance with a unique computer-controlled dual-FOV imaging capability, and a relatively high sensitivity for multi-tracer and multi-functional SPECT imaging of the extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Zannoni
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - P Sankar
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - C Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - A J Sinusas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - S D Metzler
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - L J Meng
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advance Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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Lall R, Lee K, Chopra S, Kandala A, Evans M, Seo Y, Niknejad A, Anwar M. Low cost, high temporal resolution optical fiber-based γ-photon sensor for real-time pre-clinical evaluation of cancer-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115956. [PMID: 38145595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs) have demonstrated great promise in the treatment of neuroendocrine and prostate cancer, giving hope to late-stage metastatic cancer patients with currently very few treatment options. These therapies have sparked a large amount of interest in pre-clinical research due to their ability to target metastatic disease, with many research efforts focused towards developing and evaluating targeted RPTs for different cancer types in in vivo models. Here we describe a method for monitoring real-time in vivo binding kinetics for the pre-clinical evaluation of cancer RPTs. Recognizing the significant heterogeneity in biodistribution of RPTs among even genetically identical animal models, this approach offers long-term monitoring of the same in vivo organism without euthanasia in contrast to ex vivo tissue dosimetry, while providing high temporal resolution with a low-cost, easily assembled platform, that is not present in small-animal SPECT/CTs. The method utilizes the developed optical fiber-based γ-photon biosensor, characterized to have a wide linear dynamic range with Lutetium-177 (177Lu) activity (0.5-500 μCi/mL), a common radioisotope used in cancer RPT. The probe's ability to track in vivo uptake relative to SPECT/CT and ex vivo dosimetry techniques was verified by administering 177Lu-PSMA-617 to mouse models bearing human prostate cancer tumors (PC3-PIP, PC3-flu). With this method for monitoring RPT uptake, it is possible to evaluate changes in tissue uptake at temporal resolutions <1 min to determine RPT biodistribution in pre-clinical models and better understand dose relationships with tumor ablation, toxicity, and recurrence when attempting to move therapies towards clinical trial validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Lall
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Kyoungtae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Shalini Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Averal Kandala
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Ali Niknejad
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mekhail Anwar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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Hooijman EL, Radchenko V, Ling SW, Konijnenberg M, Brabander T, Koolen SLW, de Blois E. Implementing Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals: practical considerations and (pre-)clinical perspectives. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38319526 PMCID: PMC10847084 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past years, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding targeted alpha therapy using Ac-225, driven by the observed promising clinical anti-tumor effects. As the production and technology has advanced, the availability of Ac-225 is expected to increase in the near future, making the treatment available to patients worldwide. MAIN BODY Ac-225 can be labelled to different biological vectors, whereby the success of developing a radiopharmaceutical depends heavily on the labelling conditions, purity of the radionuclide source, chelator, and type of quenchers used to avoid radiolysis. Multiple (methodological) challenges need to be overcome when working with Ac-225; as alpha-emission detection is time consuming and highly geometry dependent, a gamma co-emission is used, but has to be in equilibrium with the mother-nuclide. Because of the high impact of alpha emitters in vivo it is highly recommended to cross-calibrate the Ac-225 measurements for used quality control (QC) techniques (radio-TLC, HPLC, HP-Ge detector, and gamma counter). More strict health physics regulations apply, as Ac-225 has a high toxicity, thereby limiting practical handling and quantities used for QC analysis. CONCLUSION This overview focuses specifically on the practical and methodological challenges when working with Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals, and underlines the required infrastructure and (detection) methods for the (pre-)clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline L Hooijman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sui Wai Ling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Meyer C, Stuparu A, Lueckerath K, Calais J, Czernin J, Slavik R, Dahlbom M. Tandem Isotope Therapy with 225Ac- and 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a Murine Model of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1772-1778. [PMID: 37797974 PMCID: PMC10626377 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide therapy targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising option for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical experience using 177Lu or 225Ac has demonstrated encouraging treatment responses; however, responses are not durable. Dual-isotope combinations, or "tandem" approaches, may improve tolerability while retaining a high tumor dose. In this study, we directly compared α- versus β-particle treatment, as well as a combination thereof, at different stages of disease in a murine model of disseminated prostate cancer. Methods: First, to determine comparable injected activities from 177Lu- and 225Ac-PSMA-617, ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed at 5 time points after treatment of C4-2 subcutaneous tumor-bearing NSG mice. To establish a more representative model of metastatic prostate cancer, NSG mice were inoculated with luciferase-expressing C4-2 cells in the left ventricle, leading to disseminated visceral and bone lesions. At either 3 or 5 wk after inoculation, the mice were treated with equivalent tumor dose-depositing activities of 177Lu- or 225Ac-PSMA-617 alone or in combination (35 MBq of 177Lu, 40 kBq of 225Ac, or 17 MBq of 177Lu + 20 kBq 225Ac; 10/group). Disease burden was assessed by weekly bioluminescence imaging. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using whole-body tumor burden and overall survival. Results: The ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed that 35 MBq of 177Lu and 40 kBq of 225Ac yield equivalent absorbed tumor doses in a subcutaneous C4-2 model. The disease burden of mice treated at 3 wk after inoculation (microscopic disease) with 177Lu was not significantly different from that of untreated mice. However, 225Ac-PSMA-617 both as a single agent and in combination with 177Lu (17 MBq of 177Lu + 20 kBq of 225Ac) were associated with significant whole-body tumor growth retardation and survival benefit (overall survival, 8.3 wk for nontreatment, 9.4 wk for 177Lu, 15.3 wk for 225Ac alone, and 14.1 wk for tandem therapy). When treated at 5 wk after inoculation (macroscopic disease), all treatment groups showed retarded tumor growth and improved survival, with no significant differences between 225Ac alone and administration of half the 225Ac activity in tandem with 177Lu (overall survival, 7.9 wk for nontreatment, 10.3 wk for 177Lu, 14.6 wk for 225Ac alone, and 13.2 wk for tandem therapy). Conclusion: Treatment of a disseminated model of prostate cancer with simultaneous 225Ac- and 177Lu-PSMA-617 results in significantly decreased tumor growth compared with 177Lu, which was ineffective as a single agent against microscopic lesions. Mice treated later in the disease progression and bearing macroscopic, millimeter-sized lesions experienced significant tumor growth retardation and survival benefit in both monoisotopic and tandem regimens of 177Lu and 225Ac. Although the greatest benefits were observed with the single agent 225Ac, the tandem arm experienced no significant difference in disease burden or survival benefit, suggesting that the reduced activity of 225Ac was adequately compensated in the tandem arm. The superior therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac in this model suggests a preference for α-emitters alone, or possibly in combination, in the microscopic disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Meyer
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Andreea Stuparu
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Katharina Lueckerath
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Roger Slavik
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Magnus Dahlbom
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
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7
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Bobba KN, Bidkar AP, Meher N, Fong C, Wadhwa A, Dhrona S, Sorlin A, Bidlingmaier S, Shuere B, He J, Wilson DM, Liu B, Seo Y, VanBrocklin HF, Flavell RR. Evaluation of 134Ce/ 134La as a PET Imaging Theranostic Pair for 225Ac α-Radiotherapeutics. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1076-1082. [PMID: 37201957 PMCID: PMC10315697 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
225Ac-targeted α-radiotherapy is a promising approach to treating malignancies, including prostate cancer. However, α-emitting isotopes are difficult to image because of low administered activities and a low fraction of suitable γ-emissions. The in vivo generator 134Ce/134La has been proposed as a potential PET imaging surrogate for the therapeutic nuclides 225Ac and 227Th. In this report, we detail efficient radiolabeling methods using the 225Ac-chelators DOTA and MACROPA. These methods were applied to radiolabeling of prostate cancer imaging agents, including PSMA-617 and MACROPA-PEG4-YS5, for evaluation of their in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics and comparison to the corresponding 225Ac analogs. Methods: Radiolabeling was performed by mixing DOTA/MACROPA chelates with 134Ce/134La in NH4OAc, pH 8.0, at room temperature, and radiochemical yields were monitored by radio-thin-layer chromatography. In vivo biodistributions of 134Ce-DOTA/MACROPA.NH2 complexes were assayed through dynamic small-animal PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies over 1 h in healthy C57BL/6 mice, compared with free 134CeCl3 In vivo, preclinical imaging of 134Ce-PSMA-617 and 134Ce-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5 was performed on 22Rv1 tumor-bearing male nu/nu-mice. Ex vivo biodistribution was performed for 134Ce/225Ac-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5 conjugates. Results: 134Ce-MACROPA.NH2 demonstrated near-quantitative labeling with 1:1 ligand-to-metal ratios at room temperature, whereas a 10:1 ligand-to-metal ratio and elevated temperatures were required for DOTA. Rapid urinary excretion and low liver and bone uptake were seen for 134Ce/225Ac-DOTA/MACROPA. NH2 conjugates in comparison to free 134CeCl3 confirmed high in vivo stability. An interesting observation during the radiolabeling of tumor-targeting vectors PSMA-617 and MACROPA-PEG4-YS5-that the daughter 134La was expelled from the chelate after the decay of parent 134Ce-was confirmed through radio-thin-layer chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Both conjugates, 134Ce-PSMA-617 and 134Ce-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5, displayed tumor uptake in 22Rv1 tumor-bearing mice. The ex vivo biodistribution of 134Ce-MACROPA.NH2, 134Ce-DOTA and 134Ce-MACROPA-PEG4-YS5 corroborated well with the respective 225Ac-conjugates. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the PET imaging potential for 134Ce/134La-labeled small-molecule and antibody agents. The similar 225Ac and 134Ce/134La-chemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics suggest that the 134Ce/134La pair may act as a PET imaging surrogate for 225Ac-based radioligand therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cyril Fong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alex Sorlin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Becka Shuere
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California; and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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8
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Mdanda S, Ngema LM, Mdlophane A, Sathekge MM, Zeevaart JR. Recent Innovations and Nano-Delivery of Actinium-225: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1719. [PMID: 37376167 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The actinium-225 (225Ac) radioisotope exhibits highly attractive nuclear properties for application in radionuclide therapy. However, the 225Ac radionuclide presents multiple daughter nuclides in its decay chain, which can escape the targeted site, circulate in plasma, and cause toxicity in areas such as kidneys and renal tissues. Several ameliorative strategies have been devised to circumvent this issue, including nano-delivery. Alpha-emitting radionuclides and nanotechnology applications in nuclear medicine have culminated in major advancements that offer promising therapeutic possibilities for treating several cancers. Accordingly, the importance of nanomaterials in retaining the 225Ac daughters from recoiling into unintended organs has been established. This review expounds on the advancements of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) as an alternative anticancer treatment. It discusses the recent developments in the preclinical and clinical investigations on 225Ac as a prospective anticancer agent. Moreover, the rationale for using nanomaterials in improving the therapeutic efficacy of α-particles in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) with an emphasis on 225Ac is discussed. Quality control measures in the preparation of 225Ac-conjugates are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipho Mdanda
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle M Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform (WADDP) Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Amanda Mdlophane
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Hartbeespoort 0240, South Africa
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9
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Bidkar AP, Wang S, Bobba KN, Chan E, Bidlingmaier S, Egusa EA, Peter R, Ali U, Meher N, Wadhwa A, Dhrona S, Dasari C, Beckford-Vera D, Su Y, Tang R, Zhang L, He J, Wilson DM, Aggarwal R, VanBrocklin HF, Seo Y, Chou J, Liu B, Flavell RR. Treatment of Prostate Cancer with CD46-targeted 225Ac Alpha Particle Radioimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1916-1928. [PMID: 36917693 PMCID: PMC10183825 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiopharmaceutical therapy is changing the standard of care in prostate cancer and other malignancies. We previously reported high CD46 expression in prostate cancer and developed an antibody-drug conjugate and immunoPET agent based on the YS5 antibody, which targets a tumor-selective CD46 epitope. Here, we present the preparation, preclinical efficacy, and toxicity evaluation of [225Ac]DOTA-YS5, a radioimmunotherapy agent based on the YS5 antibody. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 was developed, and its therapeutic efficiency was tested on cell-derived (22Rv1, DU145), and patient-derived (LTL-545, LTL484) prostate cancer xenograft models. Biodistribution studies were carried out on 22Rv1 tumor xenograft models to confirm the targeting efficacy. Toxicity analysis of the [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 was carried out on nu/nu mice to study short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) toxicity. RESULTS Biodistribution study shows that [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 agent delivers high levels of radiation to the tumor tissue (11.64% ± 1.37%ID/g, 28.58% ± 10.88%ID/g, 29.35% ± 7.76%ID/g, and 31.78% ± 5.89%ID/g at 24, 96, 168, and 408 hours, respectively), compared with the healthy organs. [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 suppressed tumor size and prolonged survival in cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. Toxicity analysis revealed that the 0.5 μCi activity levels showed toxicity to the kidneys, likely due to redistribution of daughter isotope 213Bi. CONCLUSIONS [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 suppressed the growth of cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts, including prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive and prostate-specific membrane antigen-deficient models. Overall, this preclinical study confirms that [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 is a highly effective treatment and suggests feasibility for clinical translation of CD46-targeted radioligand therapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P. Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily A. Egusa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Robin Peter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Umama Ali
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Chandrashekhar Dasari
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Denis Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California
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10
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Delker A, Schleske M, Liubchenko G, Berg I, Zacherl MJ, Brendel M, Gildehaus FJ, Rumiantcev M, Resch S, Hürkamp K, Wenter V, Unterrainer LM, Bartenstein P, Ziegler SI, Beyer L, Böning G. Biodistribution and dosimetry for combined [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T/[ 225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy using multi-isotope quantitative SPECT imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1280-1290. [PMID: 36629878 PMCID: PMC10027798 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative SPECT for patient-specific dosimetry is a valuable tool in the scope of radionuclide therapy, although its clinical application for 225Ac-based treatments may be limited due to low therapeutic activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of clinical quantitative low-count SPECT imaging during [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T/[225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T treatment. METHODS Eight prostate cancer patients (1000 MBq/8 MBq [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T/[225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T) received a single-bed quantitative 177Lu/225Ac SPECT/CT acquisition (1 h) at 24 h post treatment (high-energy collimator, 16 projections p. head à 3.5 min, 128 × 128 pixel). The gamma peak at 440 keV (width: 10%) of the progeny 213Bi was imaged along with the peak at 208 keV (width: 15%) of 177Lu. Quantification included CT-based attenuation and window-based scatter correction plus resolution modelling. Gaussian post-filtering with a full-width-half-maximum of 30 mm and 40-45 mm was employed to match the signal-to-noise ratio of 225Ac and 177Lu, respectively. RESULTS Kidney (r = 0.96, p < 0.01) and lesion (r = 0.94, p < 0.01) SUV for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T and [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T showed a strong and significant correlation. Kidney SUV were significantly higher (p < 0.01) for [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T (2.5 ± 0.8 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9), while for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T lesion SUV were significantly higher (p = 0.03; 1.8 ± 1.1 vs. 2.1 ± 1.5). For absorbed dose estimates, significant differences regarding the kidneys remained, while no significant differences for lesion dosimetry were found. CONCLUSION Quantitative low-count SPECT imaging of the peak at 440 keV during [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy is feasible. Multi-isotope imaging for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T/[225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T therapy indicates accumulation of free 213Bi in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Delker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mirjam Schleske
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Grigory Liubchenko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabella Berg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- SyNergy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail Rumiantcev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Resch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hürkamp
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vera Wenter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena M Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle I Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Rubira L, Deshayes E, Santoro L, Kotzki PO, Fersing C. 225Ac-Labeled Somatostatin Analogs in the Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors: From Radiochemistry to Clinic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041051. [PMID: 37111537 PMCID: PMC10146019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) represents a major therapeutic breakthrough in nuclear medicine, particularly since the introduction of 177Lu-radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. These radiopharmaceuticals have especially improved progression-free survival and quality of life in patients with inoperable metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors. In the case of aggressive or resistant disease, the use of somatostatin derivatives radiolabeled with an alpha-emitter could provide a promising alternative. Among the currently available alpha-emitting radioelements, actinium-225 has emerged as the most suitable candidate, especially regarding its physical and radiochemical properties. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical studies on these radiopharmaceuticals are still few and heterogeneous, despite the growing momentum for their future use on a larger scale. In this context, this report provides a comprehensive and extensive overview of the development of 225Ac-labeled somatostatin analogs; particular emphasis is placed on the challenges associated with the production of 225Ac, its physical and radiochemical properties, as well as the place of 225Ac-DOTATOC and 225Ac-DOTATATE in the management of patients with advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Lore Santoro
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Kotzki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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12
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Bastiaannet R, Liatsou I, F Hobbs R, Sgouros G. Large-scale in vitro microdosimetry via live cell microscopy imaging: implications for radiosensitivity and RBE evaluations in alpha-emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:144. [PMID: 36829143 PMCID: PMC9951424 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy (αRPT) has shown promising outcomes in metastatic disease. However, the short range of the alpha particles necessitates dosimetry on a near-cellular spatial scale. Current knowledge on cellular dosimetry is primarily based on in vitro experiments using cell monolayers. The goal of such experiments is to establish cell sensitivity to absorbed dose (AD). However, AD cannot be measured directly and needs to be modeled. Current models, often idealize cells as spheroids in a regular grid (geometric model), simplify binding kinetics and ignore the stochastic nature of radioactive decay. It is unclear what the impact of such simplifications is, but oversimplification results in inaccurate and non-generalizable results, which hampers the rigorous study of the underlying radiobiology. METHODS We systematically mapped out 3D cell geometries, clustering behavior, agent binding, internalization, and subcellular trafficking kinetics for a large cohort of live cells under representative experimental conditions using confocal microscopy. This allowed for realistic Monte Carlo-based (micro)dosimetry. Experimentally established surviving fractions of the HER2 + breast cancer cell line treated with a 212Pb-labelled anti-HER2 conjugate or external beam radiotherapy, anchored a rigorous statistical approach to cell sensitivity and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) estimation. All outcomes were compared to a reference geometric model, which allowed us to determine which aspects are crucial model components for the proper study of the underlying radiobiology. RESULTS In total, 567 cells were measured up to 26 h post-incubation. Realistic cell clustering had a large (2x), and cell geometry a small (16.4% difference) impact on AD, compared to the geometric model. Microdosimetry revealed that more than half of the cells do not receive any dose for most of the tested conditions, greatly impacting cell sensitivity estimates. Including these stochastic effects in the model, resulted in significantly more accurate predictions of surviving fraction and RBE (permutation test; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive integration of the biological and physical aspects resulted in a more accurate method of cell survival modelling in αRPT experiments. Specifically, including realistic stochastic radiation effects and cell clustering behavior is crucial to obtaining generalizable radiobiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Bastiaannet
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Ioanna Liatsou
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Robert F Hobbs
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - George Sgouros
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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13
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Castillo Seoane D, De Saint-Hubert M, Ahenkorah S, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Ooms M, Struelens L, Koole M. Gamma counting protocols for the accurate quantification of 225Ac and 213Bi without the need for a secular equilibrium between parent and gamma-emitting daughter. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:28. [PMID: 36274098 PMCID: PMC9588853 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of actinium-225 through gamma counter measurements, when there is no secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and its gamma emitting daughters bismuth-213 and/or francium-221, can provide valuable information regarding the possible relocation of recoiled daughters such that related radiotoxicity effects can be evaluated. This study proposes a multiple time-point protocol using the bismuth-213 photopeak with measurements before secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and bismuth-213, and a single time-point protocol using both the francium-221 and bismuth-213 photopeak while assuming secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and francium-221 but not between bismuth-213 and actinium-225. RESULTS Good agreement (i.e. 3% accuracy) was obtained when relying on a multiple time-points measurement of bismuth-213 to quantify both actinium-225 and excess of bismuth-213. Following scatter correction, actinium-225 can be accurately quantified using the francium-221 in a single time-point measurement within 3% of accuracy. The analysis performed on the stability data of [225Ac]Ac-DEPA and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA complexes, before secular equilibrium between bismuth-213 and actinium-225 was formed, revealed considerable amounts of unbound bismuth-213 (i.e. more than 90%) after 24 h of the radiolabeling most likely due to the recoiled daughter effect. CONCLUSION Both protocols were able to accurately estimate 225Ac-activities provided the francium-221 energy window was corrected for the down scatter of the higher-energy gamma-emissions by bismuth-213. This could prove beneficial to study the recoiled daughter effect and redistribution of free bismuth-213 by monitoring the accumulation or clearance of bismuth-213 in different tissues during biodistribution studies or in patient samples during clinical studies. On the other hand, the single gamma counter measurement protocol, although required a 30 min waiting time, is more time and cost efficient and therefore more appropriate for standardized quality control procedures of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Castillo Seoane
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Louvain, Belgium.
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Stephen Ahenkorah
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Unit of Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Louvain, Belgium
| | - Clarita Saldarriaga Vargas
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Louvain, Belgium
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14
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Tranel J, Palm S, Graves SA, Feng FY, Hope TA. Impact of radiopharmaceutical therapy ( 177Lu, 225Ac) microdistribution in a cancer-associated fibroblasts model. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:67. [PMID: 36178531 PMCID: PMC9525486 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to elucidate the difference in absorbed dose (Dabs) patterns in radiopharmaceutical therapies between alpha emitters (225Ac) and beta emitters (177Lu) when targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) or tumor cells. Five spherical models with 3 mm diameter were created, representing spherical tumor masses that contain tumor clusters, interspersed with CAFs. The mean distance from a tumor cell to the nearest CAF (Lmean) varied throughout these models from 92 to 1030 µm. Dabs calculations were performed while selecting either CAFs or tumor cells as sources, with Convolution/Superposition with 177Lu and Monte Carlo simulations (GATE) with 225Ac. Analyses were conducted with Dose Volume Histograms and efficacy ratios (ER), which represents the ratio of mean Dabs that is deposited in the target volume. Results 225Ac is the most optimal radionuclide when CAFs are both targeted and irradiating themselves, as ERs increase from 1.5 to 3.7 when Lmean increases from 92 to 1030 µm. With 177Lu, these numbers vary from 1.2 to 2.7. Conversely, when CAFs are sources and tumors are targets with 225Ac, ERs decreased from 0.8 to 0.1 when Lmean increases from 92 to 1030 µm. With 177Lu, these numbers vary from 0.9 to 0.3 Conclusion When targeting CAFs to irradiate tumors, the efficacy of using 225Ac decreases as the average size of the tumor clusters (or Lmean) increases. In such situations, 177Lu will be more effective than 225Ac when targeting CAFs due to the longer beta particle range. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40658-022-00497-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tranel
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, BH103 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, BH103 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Koniar H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Radchenko V, Yang H, Kunz P, Rahmim A, Uribe C, Schaffer P. SPECT imaging of 226Ac as a theranostic isotope for 225Ac radiopharmaceutical development. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8b5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. The development of alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals using 225Ac (t
½ = 9.92 d) benefits from the quantitative determination of its biodistribution and is not always easy to directly measure. An element-equivalent matched-pair would allow for more accurate biodistribution and dosimetry estimates. 226Ac (t
½ = 29.4 h) is a candidate isotope for in vivo imaging of preclinical 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals, given its 158 keV and 230 keV gamma emissions making it suitable for quantitative SPECT imaging. This work aimed to conduct a performance assessment for 226Ac imaging and presents the first-ever 226Ac SPECT images. Approach. To establish imaging performance with regards to contrast and noise, image quality phantoms were scanned using a microSPECT/CT system. To assess the resolution, a hot rod phantom with cylindrical rods with diameters between 0.85 and 1.70 mm was additionally imaged. Two collimators were evaluated: a high-energy ultra-high resolution (HEUHR) collimator and an extra ultra-high sensitivity (UHS) collimator. Images were reconstructed from two distinct photopeaks at 158 keV and 230 keV. Main results. The HEUHR SPECT image measurements of high activity concentration regions were consistent with values determined independently via gamma spectroscopy, within 9% error. The lower energy 158 keV photopeak images demonstrated slightly better contrast recovery. In the resolution phantom, the UHS collimator only resolved rods ≥1.30 mm and ≥1.50 mm for the 158 keV and 230 keV photopeaks, respectively, while the HEUHR collimator clearly resolved all rods, with resolution <0.85 mm. Significance. Overall, the feasibility of preclinical imaging with 226Ac was demonstrated with quantitative SPECT imaging achieved for both its 158 keV and 230 keV photopeaks. The HEUHR collimator is recommended for imaging 226Ac activity distributions in small animals due to its resolution <0.85 mm. Future work will explore the feasibility of using 226Ac both as an element-equivalent isotope for 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals, or as a standalone therapeutic isotope.
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Desai P, Rimal R, Sahnoun SEM, Mottaghy FM, Möller M, Morgenroth A, Singh S. Radiolabeled Nanocarriers as Theranostics-Advancement from Peptides to Nanocarriers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200673. [PMID: 35527333 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous targeted radiotherapy is emerging as an integral modality to treat a variety of cancer entities. Nevertheless, despite the positive clinical outcome of the treatment using radiolabeled peptides, small molecules, antibodies, and nanobodies, a high degree of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity still persist. This limits the amount of dose that can be injected. In an attempt to mitigate these side effects, the use of nanocarriers such as nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, and nanogels (NGs) is currently being explored. Nanocarriers can prolong circulation time and tumor retention, maximize radiation dosage, and offer multifunctionality for different targeting strategies. In this review, the authors first provide a summary of radiation therapy and imaging and discuss the new radiotracers that are used preclinically and clinically. They then highlight and identify the advantages of radio-nanomedicine and its potential in overcoming the limitations of endogenous radiotherapy. Finally, the review points to the ongoing efforts to maximize the use of radio-nanomedicine for efficient clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Desai
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rahul Rimal
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabri E M Sahnoun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM) and School of oncology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Tronchin S, Forster JC, Hickson K, Bezak E. Dosimetry in targeted alpha therapy. A systematic review: current findings and what is needed. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac5fe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. A systematic review of dosimetry in Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) has been performed, identifying the common issues. Approach. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the literature was searched using the Scopus and PubMed databases. Main results. From the systematic review, three key points should be considered when performing dosimetry in TAT. (1) Biodistribution/Biokinetics: the accuracy of the biodistribution data is a limit to accurate dosimetry in TAT. The biodistribution of alpha-emitting radionuclides throughout the body is difficult to image directly, with surrogate radionuclide imaging, blood/faecal sampling, and animal studies able to provide information. (2) Daughter radionuclides: the decay energy of the alpha-emissions is sufficient to break the bond to the targeting vector, resulting in a release of free daughter radionuclides in the body. Accounting for daughter radionuclide migration is essential. (3) Small-scale dosimetry and microdosimetry: due to the short path length and heterogeneous distribution of alpha-emitters at the target site, small-scale/microdosimetry are important to account for the non-uniform dose distribution in a target region, organ or cell and for assessing the biological effect of alpha-particle radiation. Significance. TAT is a form of cancer treatment capable of delivering a highly localised dose to the tumour environment while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. Dosimetry is an important part of treatment planning and follow up. Being able to accurately predict the radiation dose to the target region and healthy organs could guide the optimal prescribed activity. Detailed dosimetry models accounting for the three points mentioned above will help give confidence in and guide the clinical application of alpha-emitting radionuclides in targeted cancer therapy.
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18
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Daly SR, Bellott BJ, McAlister DR, Horwitz EP, Girolami GS. Pr(H 3BNMe 2BH 3) 3 and Pr(thd) 3 as Volatile Carriers for Actinium-225. Deposition of Actinium-Doped Praseodymium Boride Thin Films for Potential Use in Brachytherapy. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7217-7221. [PMID: 35510902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that the praseodymium N,N-dimethylaminodiboranate complex Pr(H3BNMe2BH3)3 and the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate complex Pr(thd)3 can serve as volatile carriers for 225Ac. The actinium coordination complexes Ac(H3BNMe2BH3)3 and Ac(thd)3 are the likely species subliming with the carrier material. A sample of 225Ac-doped Pr(H3BNMe2BH3)3 was used to deposit amorphous 225Ac-doped praseodymium boride films on glass and Si(100) at 300 °C. The α emission spectra of the refractory films are well-resolved, suggesting that they could be used as radioactive implants for brachytherapy and related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brian J Bellott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, 214 Currens Hall, 1 University Circle, Macomb, Illinois 61455, United States
| | - Daniel R McAlister
- Eichrom Technologies, LLC, 1955 University Lane, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
| | - E Philip Horwitz
- Eichrom Technologies, LLC, 1955 University Lane, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
| | - Gregory S Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Lee H. Relative Efficacy of 225Ac-PSMA-617 and 177Lu-PSMA-617 in Prostate Cancer Based on Subcellular Dosimetry. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2022; 31:1-6. [PMID: 35114745 PMCID: PMC8814544 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.galenos.2021.63308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Radionuclide therapy targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with alpha-emitting 225Ac-PSMA-617 has shown clinical efficacy even in cases of failed therapy with beta-emitting 177Lu-PSMA-617. We investigated the efficacy of 225Ac-PSMA-617 relative to 177Lu-PSMA-617 using subcellular dosimetry. Methods: A 3-dimensional model of prostate cancer was constructed. For each decay, the absorbed and equivalent radiation dose to the cell nuclei was calculated. The relative efficacy per administered activity was calculated by taking into account the differences in residence time and tumor uptake. Results: As the tumor size increased, the absorbed dose from 225Ac-PSMA-617 increased linearly (R2: 0.99) and reached an asymptote near the maximum alpha range (85 µm), whereas the absorbed dose from 177Lu-PSMA-617 continued to increase linearly (R2: 0.99). The equivalent dose per decay was 2,320, 2,900, and 823-fold higher in favor of 225Ac-PSMA-617 compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a single cell, 100 µm-radius micrometastasis, and macroscopic tumor, respectively. Per administered activity, the relative efficacy of 225Ac-PSMA-617 compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617 in respective tumor sizes was at least 3,480, 4,350, and 1,230-fold higher, and possibly 11,800, 14,900, and 4,200-fold higher considering differences in tumor uptake. Conclusion: At commonly administered 1,000-fold lower activity of 225Ac-PSMA-617 relative to 177Lu-PSMA-617, the equivalent radiation dose deposited by 225Ac-PSMA-617 is higher in measurable disease and much higher in microscopic disease compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Lee
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, United States
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20
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Miller C, Rousseau J, Ramogida CF, Celler A, Rahmim A, Uribe CF. Implications of physics, chemistry and biology for dosimetry calculations using theranostic pairs. Theranostics 2022; 12:232-259. [PMID: 34987643 PMCID: PMC8690938 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostics is an emerging paradigm that combines imaging and therapy in order to personalize patient treatment. In nuclear medicine, this is achieved by using radiopharmaceuticals that target identical molecular targets for both imaging (using emitted gamma rays) and radiopharmaceutical therapy (using emitted beta, alpha or Auger-electron particles) for the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer. If the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical cannot be imaged quantitatively, a “theranostic pair” imaging surrogate can be used to predict the absorbed radiation doses from the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. However, theranostic dosimetry assumes that the pharmacokinetics and biodistributions of both radiopharmaceuticals in the pair are identical or very similar, an assumption that still requires further validation for many theranostic pairs. In this review, we consider both same-element and different-element theranostic pairs and attempt to determine if factors exist which may cause inaccurate dose extrapolations in theranostic dosimetry, either intrinsic (e.g. chemical differences) or extrinsic (e.g. injecting different amounts of each radiopharmaceutical) to the radiopharmaceuticals. We discuss the basis behind theranostic dosimetry and present common theranostic pairs and their therapeutic applications in oncology. We investigate general factors that could create alterations in the behavior of the radiopharmaceuticals or the quantitative accuracy of imaging them. Finally, we attempt to determine if there is evidence showing some specific pairs as suitable for theranostic dosimetry. We show that there are a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which can significantly alter the behavior among pairs of radiopharmaceuticals, even if they belong to the same chemical element. More research is needed to determine the impact of these factors on theranostic dosimetry estimates and on patient outcomes, and how to correctly account for them.
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21
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Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Kelly JM, Amor-Coarasa A, Sweeney E, Wilson JJ, Causey PW, Babich JW. A suitable time point for quantifying the radiochemical purity of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:38. [PMID: 34928478 PMCID: PMC8688611 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals continue to show promise as targeted alpha therapeutics, there is a growing need to standardize quality control (QC) testing procedures. The determination of radiochemical purity (RCP) is an essential QC test. A significant obstacle to RCP testing is the disruption of the secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and its daughter radionuclides during labeling and QC testing. In order to accelerate translation of actinium-225 targeted alpha therapy, we aimed to determine the earliest time point at which the RCP of an 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceutical can be accurately quantified. RESULTS Six ligands were conjugated to macrocyclic metal chelators and labeled with actinium-225 under conditions designed to generate diverse incorporation yields. RCP was determined by radio thin layer chromatography (radioTLC) followed by exposure of the TLC plate on a phosphor screen either 0.5, 2, 3.5, 5, 6.5, or 26 h after the plate was developed. The dataset was used to create models for predicting the true RCP for any pre-equilibrium measurement taken at an early time point. The 585 TLC measurements span RCP values of 1.8-99.5%. The statistical model created from these data predicted an independent data set with high accuracy. Predictions made at 0.5 h are more uncertain than predictions made at later time points. This is primarily due to the decay of bismuth-213. A measurement of RCP > 90% at 2 h predicts a true RCP > 97% and guarantees that RCP will exceed 90% after secular equilibrium is reached. These findings were independently validated using NaI(Tl) scintillation counting and high resolution gamma spectroscopy on a smaller set of samples with 10% ≤ RCP ≤ 100%. CONCLUSIONS RCP of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be quantified with acceptable accuracy at least 2 h after radioTLC using various methods of quantifying particle emissions. This time point best balances the need to accurately quantify RCP with the need to safely release the batch as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kelly
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Sweeney
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - John W Babich
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, Room 1600, 413 E 69th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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23
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Trujillo-Nolasco M, Morales-Avila E, Cruz-Nova P, Katti KV, Ocampo-García B. Nanoradiopharmaceuticals Based on Alpha Emitters: Recent Developments for Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1123. [PMID: 34452084 PMCID: PMC8398190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in nuclear medicine offers attractive therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Indeed, nanoparticles-conjugated targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) would be ideal for localized cell killing due to high linear energy transfer and short ranges of alpha emitters. New approaches in radiolabeling are necessary because chemical radiolabeling techniques are rendered sub-optimal due to the presence of recoil energy generated by alpha decay, which causes chemical bonds to break. This review attempts to cover, in a concise fashion, various aspects of physics, radiobiology, and production of alpha emitters, as well as highlight the main problems they present, with possible new approaches to mitigate those problems. Special emphasis is placed on the strategies proposed for managing recoil energy. We will also provide an account of the recent studies in vitro and in vivo preclinical investigations of α-particle therapy delivered by various nanosystems from different materials, including inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymersomes, and some carbon-based systems are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maydelid Trujillo-Nolasco
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (M.T.-N.); (P.C.-N.)
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan S/N, Toluca 50120, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan S/N, Toluca 50120, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (M.T.-N.); (P.C.-N.)
| | - Kattesh V. Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (M.T.-N.); (P.C.-N.)
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24
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Pretze M, Kunkel F, Runge R, Freudenberg R, Braune A, Hartmann H, Schwarz U, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J. Ac-EAZY! Towards GMP-Compliant Module Syntheses of 225Ac-Labeled Peptides for Clinical Application. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:652. [PMID: 34358076 PMCID: PMC8308848 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of 225Ac (half-life T1/2 = 9.92 d) dramatically reduces the activity used for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy by a factor of 1000 in comparison to 90Y, 177Lu or 188Re while maintaining the therapeutic outcome. Additionally, the range of alpha particles of 225Ac and its daughter nuclides in tissue is much lower (47-85 μm for alpha energies Eα = 5.8-8.4 MeV), which results in a very precise dose deposition within the tumor. DOTA-conjugated commercially available peptides used for endoradiotherapy, which can readily be labeled with 177Lu or 90Y, can also accommodate 225Ac. The benefits are lower doses in normal tissue for the patient, dose reduction of the employees and environment and less shielding material. The low availability of 225Ac activity is preventing its application in clinical practice. Overcoming this barrier would open a broad field of 225Ac therapy. Independent which production pathway of 225Ac proves the most feasible, the use of automated synthesis and feasible and reproducible patient doses are needed. The Modular-Lab EAZY is one example of a GMP-compliant system, and the cassettes used for synthesis are small. Therefore, also the waste after the synthesis can be minimized. In this work, two different automated setups with different purification systems are presented. In its final configuration, three masterbatches were performed on the ML EAZY for DOTA-TATE and PSMA-I&T, respectively, fulfilling all quality criteria with final radiochemical yields of 80-90% for the 225Ac-labeled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pretze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kunkel
- Eckert & Ziegler Eurotope, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Roswitha Runge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Robert Freudenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Anja Braune
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Holger Hartmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Uwe Schwarz
- Eckert & Ziegler Radiopharma, 38110 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (R.F.); (A.B.); (H.H.); (C.B.)
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25
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Prasad A, Nair R, Bhatavdekar O, Howe A, Salerno D, Sempkowski M, Josefsson A, Pacheco-Torres J, Bhujwalla ZM, Gabrielson KL, Sgouros G, Sofou S. Transport-driven engineering of liposomes for delivery of α-particle radiotherapy to solid tumors: effect on inhibition of tumor progression and onset delay of spontaneous metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4246-4258. [PMID: 34117896 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Highly cytotoxic α-particle radiotherapy delivered by tumor-selective nanocarriers is evaluated on metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). On vascularized tumors, the limited penetration of nanocarriers (<50-80 μm) combined with the short range of α-particles (40-100 μm) may, however, result in only partial tumor irradiation, compromising efficacy. Utilizing the α-particle emitter Actinium-225 (225Ac), we studied how the therapeutic potential of a general delivery strategy using nanometer-sized engineered liposomes was affected by two key transport-driven properties: (1) the release from liposomes, when in the tumor interstitium, of the highly diffusing 225Ac-DOTA that improves the uniformity of tumor irradiation by α-particles and (2) the adhesion of liposomes on the tumors' ECM that increases liposomes' time-integrated concentrations within tumors and, therefore, the tumor-delivered radioactivities. METHODS On an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 TNBC murine model forming spontaneous metastases, we evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistributions, and control of tumor growth and/or spreading after administration of 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes, with different combinations of the two transport-driven properties. RESULTS At 83% of MTD, 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes with both properties (1) eliminated formation of spontaneous metastases and (2) best inhibited the progression of orthotopic xenografts, compared to liposomes lacking one or both properties. These findings were primarily affected by the extent of uniformity of the intratumoral microdistributions of 225Ac followed by the overall tumor uptake of radioactivity. At the MTD, long-term toxicities were not detected 9.5 months post administration. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the potential of a general, transport-driven strategy enabling more uniform and prolonged solid tumor irradiation by α-particles without cell-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprameya Prasad
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajiv Nair
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Omkar Bhatavdekar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alaina Howe
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dominick Salerno
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Anders Josefsson
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Sgouros
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,ChemBE, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Maryland Hall 221, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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26
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Muslimov AR, Antuganov DO, Tarakanchikova YV, Zhukov MV, Nadporojskii MA, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS. Calcium Carbonate Core-Shell Particles for Incorporation of 225Ac and Their Application in Local α-Radionuclide Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25599-25610. [PMID: 34028266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actinium-225 (225Ac) radiolabeled submicrometric core-shell particles (SPs) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coated with biocompatible polymers [tannic acid-human serum albumin (TA/HSA)] have been developed to improve the efficiency of local α-radionuclide therapy in melanoma models (B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice). The developed 225Ac-SPs possess radiochemical stability and demonstrate effective retention of 225Ac and its daughter isotopes. The SPs have been additionally labeled with zirconium-89 (89Zr) to perform the biodistribution studies using positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET/CT) imaging for 14 days after intratumoral injection. According to the PET/CT analysis, a significant accumulation of 89Zr-SPs in the tumor area is revealed for the whole investigation period, which correlates with the direct radiometry analysis after intratumoral administration of 225Ac-SPs. The histological analysis has revealed no abnormal changes in healthy tissue organs after treatment with 225Ac-SPs (e.g., no acute pathologic findings are detected in the liver and kidneys). At the same time, the inhibition of tumor growth has been observed as compared with control samples [nonradiolabeled SPs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)]. The treatment of mice with 225Ac-SPs has resulted in prolonged survival compared to the control samples. Thus, our study validates the application of 225Ac-doped core-shell submicron CaCO3 particles for local α-radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R Muslimov
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, St. Petersburg Academic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii O Antuganov
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Tarakanchikova
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, St. Petersburg Academic University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zhukov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michail A Nadporojskii
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Eryilmaz K, Kilbas B. Detailed Chemistry Studies of 225Actinium Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:76-83. [PMID: 34053430 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014666210528123936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesis of 225Actinium derivatives using PSMA-617, DOTATATE peptides and EDTMP ligand was afforded. Detailed experimental, quality control (QC) and stability studies were well described. The radiolabelling reactions were performed in mild conditions with desirable radiochemical yields and high radiochemical purities. METHODS PSMA-617, and DOTATATE were radiolabelled with 225Actinium in 0.1 M HCl in the presence of ascorbate buffer solution and passed through the C-18 light cartridge for purification and the product was eluted by ethanol-water solution. EDTMP was also radiolabelled with 225Actinium without using any stabilizer and purification step. All products were well analyzed by R-TLC and R-HPLC. The stability of those compounds was also studied within the valid time. RESULTS 225Ac-DOTATATE and 225Ac-PSMA-617 were obtained at the same condition. The radiochemical yield of 225Ac-DOTATATE was less than 225Ac-PSMA 617. Stability experiments indicated decay daughters of 225Actinium appeared after T0 +1 h due to the recoil effect radiolysis. On the other hand, 225Ac-EDTMP was more stable than DOTA-peptide radiolabelled compounds. 225Ac-EDTMP was produced with more than 95% radiochemical yield and 99% radiochemical purity. CONCLUSION A detailed chemistry study was presented for the synthesis of 225Actinium derivatives in mild conditions with absolute radiochemical purities and high yields. Experimental results showed that 225Ac-EDTMP could be a suitable alternative radiopharmaceutical for bone metastases arising from primer tumors as a cocktail therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benan Kilbas
- Moltek A. S. Gebze Organize Sanayi, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Hooijman EL, Chalashkan Y, Ling SW, Kahyargil FF, Segbers M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Seimbille Y, Koolen SLW, Brabander T, de Blois E. Development of [ 225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T for Targeted Alpha Therapy According to GMP Guidelines for Treatment of mCRPC. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050715. [PMID: 34068206 PMCID: PMC8153125 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, promising results of the antitumor effects were observed in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with 177Lu-labeled PSMA-ligands. Radionuclide therapy efficacy may even be improved by using the alpha emitter Ac-225. Higher efficacy is claimed due to high linear energy transfer specifically towards PSMA positive cells, causing more double-strand breaks. This study aims to manufacture [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T according to good manufacturing practice guidelines for the translation of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T into a clinical phase 1 dose escalation study. Quencher addition during labeling was investigated. Quality control of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T was based on measurement of Fr-221 (218 keV), in equilibrium with Ac-225 in approximately six half-lives of Fr-221 (T½ = 4.8 min). Radio-(i)TLC methods were utilized for identification of the different radiochemical forms, gamma counter for concentration determination, and HPGe-detector for the detection of the radiochemical yield. Radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC. The final patient dose was prepared and diluted with an optimized concentration of quenchers as during labeling, with an activity of 8–12 MBq (±5%), pH > 5.5, 100 ± 20 μg/dose, PSMA-I&T, radiochemical yield >95%, radiochemical purity >90% (up to 3 h), endotoxin levels of <5 EU/mL, osmolarity of 2100 mOsmol, and is produced according to current guidelines. The start of the phase I dose escalation study is planned in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline L. Hooijman
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yozlem Chalashkan
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Sui Wai Ling
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Figen F. Kahyargil
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Segbers
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (F.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (F.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Division of Life Sciences, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stijn L. W. Koolen
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Erik de Blois
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.L.H.); (Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (S.L.W.K.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-107035317
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Herrero Álvarez N, Bauer D, Hernández-Gil J, Lewis JS. Recent Advances in Radiometals for Combined Imaging and Therapy in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2909-2941. [PMID: 33792195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine is defined as the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The imaging modalities positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are based on γ-emissions of specific energies. The therapeutic technologies are based on β- -particle-, α-particle-, and Auger electron emitters. In oncology, PET and SPECT are used to detect cancer lesions, to determine dosimetry, and to monitor therapy effectiveness. In contrast, radiotherapy is designed to irreparably damage tumor cells in order to eradicate or control the disease's progression. Radiometals are being explored for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Strategies that combine both modalities (diagnostic and therapeutic), referred to as theranostics, are promising candidates for clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the basic concepts behind therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and their significance in contemporary oncology. Select radiometals that significantly impact current and upcoming cancer treatment strategies are grouped as clinically suitable theranostics pairs. The most important physical and chemical properties are discussed. Standard production methods and current radionuclide availability are provided to indicate whether a cost-efficient use in a clinical routine is feasible. Recent preclinical and clinical developments and outline perspectives for the radiometals are highlighted in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Herrero Álvarez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Javier Hernández-Gil
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Tailoring the Radionuclide Encapsulation and Surface Chemistry of La(223Ra)VO4 Nanoparticles for Targeted Alpha Therapy. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt2010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted alpha therapy (TAT) as a viable cancer treatment requires innovative solutions to challenges associated with radionuclide retention to enhance local tumor cytotoxicity and to minimize off-target effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) with high encapsulation and high retention of radionuclides have shown potential in overcoming these issues. This article shows the influence of pH on the structure of lanthanum vanadate (LaVO4) NPs and its impact on the radiochemical yield of 223Ra and subsequent retention of its decay daughters, 211Pb and 211Bi. An acidic pH (4.9) results in a high fraction of La(223Ra)VO4 NPs with tetragonal structure (44.6–66.1%) and a 223Ra radiochemical yield <40%. Adjusting the pH to 11 yields >80% of La(223Ra)VO4 NPs with monoclinic structure and increases the 223Ra radiochemical yield >85%. The leakage of decay daughters from La(223Ra)VO4 NPs (pH 11) was <5% and <0.5% when exposed to deionized water and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. Altering the surface chemistry of La(223Ra)VO4 NPs with carboxylate and phosphate compounds resulted in a threefold decrease in hydrodynamic diameter and a 223Ra radiochemical yield between 74.7% and 99.6%. These results show the importance of tailoring the synthesis parameters and surface chemistry of LaVO4 NPs to obtain high encapsulation and retention of radionuclides.
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Belli ML, Sarnelli A, Mezzenga E, Cesarini F, Caroli P, Di Iorio V, Strigari L, Cremonesi M, Romeo A, Nicolini S, Matteucci F, Severi S, Paganelli G. Targeted Alpha Therapy in mCRPC (Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer) Patients: Predictive Dosimetry and Toxicity Modeling of 225Ac-PSMA (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen). Front Oncol 2020; 10:531660. [PMID: 33251129 PMCID: PMC7674768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.531660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioligand therapy is a type of internal radiotherapy combining a short-range radioisotope labeled to a carrier with a high affinity for a specific receptor expressed on tumor cells. Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) combines a high-linear energy transfer (LET) emitter (225Ac) with a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) carrier, specifically binding tumor cells in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although the antitumor activity of 225Ac-PSMA is well-documented, this treatment is nowadays only used as salvage therapy because the high incidence of xerostomia limits the therapeutic window. Thus, methods to reduce salivary toxicity and models able to describe xerostomia incidence are needed. We recently studied the efficacy of salivary gland protectors administered in combination with 177Lu-PSMA therapy. Starting from these data, we performed a predictive dosimetric evaluation of 225Ac-PSMA to assess the impact of salivary gland protectors in TAT. 225Ac-PSMA predictive dosimetry was performed in 13 patients treated with 177Lu-PSMA. Sequential whole-body planar images were acquired 0.5–1, 16–24, 36–48, and 120 h post-injection. 177Lu time-activity curves were corrected for 225Ac physical decay and assumed in equilibrium for all daughters. The OLINDA/EXM spherical model was used for dose estimation of the parotid and submandibular glands. The dose for each daughter was calculated and summed for the total dose estimation. The biologically effective dose formalism was extended to high-LET emitters. For the total biologically effective dose formalism extended to high-LET emitters, including the contribution of all daughter isotopes, the brachytherapy formalism for a mixture of radionuclides was implemented. Equivalent doses in 2 Gy/fraction (EQD2) were then calculated and compared with the normal tissue complication probability model derived from external beam radiotherapy for grade ≥2 xerostomia induction. Median predictive doses were 0.86 BdRBE5/MBq for parotid glands and 1.05 BdRBE5/MBq for submandibular glands, with a 53% reduction compared with previously published data. The results show that the radiobiological model implemented is conservative, as it overestimates the complication rate with respect to the clinical data. Our data shows the possibility of reducing salivary gland uptake in TAT with the coadministration of organ protectors, but these results should be confirmed for TAT with 225Ac-PSMA by carrying out prospective trials with defined toxicity endpoints and dosimetry procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Belli
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Sarnelli
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Emilio Mezzenga
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Cesarini
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Caroli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- Oncology Pharmacy, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cremonesi
- Radiation Research Unit, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Nicolini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Federica Matteucci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paganelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Toro-González M, Dame AN, Mirzadeh S, Rojas JV. Encapsulation and retention of 225Ac, 223Ra, 227Th, and decay daughters in zircon-type gadolinium vanadate nanoparticles. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Unwanted targeting of healthy organs caused by the relocation of radionuclides from the target site has been one of the limiting factors in the widespread application of targeted alpha therapy in patient regimens. GdVO4 nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as platforms to encapsulate α-emitting radionuclides 223Ra, 225Ac, and 227Th, and retain their decay daughters at the target site. Polycrystalline GdVO4 NPs with different morphologies and a zircon-type tetragonal crystal structure were obtained by precipitation of GdCl3 and Na3VO4 in aqueous media at room temperature. The ability of GdVO4 crystals to host multivalent ions was initially assessed using La, Cs, Bi, Ba, and Pb as surrogates of the radionuclides under investigation. A decrease in Ba encapsulation was obtained after increasing the concentration of surrogate ions, whereas the encapsulation of La cations in GdVO4 NPs was quantitative (∼100%). Retention of radionuclides was assessed in vitro by dialyzing the radioactive GdVO4 NPs against deionized water. While 227Th was quantitatively encapsulated (100%), a partial encapsulation of 223Ra (∼75%) and 225Ac (>60%) was observed in GdVO4 NPs. The maximum leakage of 221Fr (1st decay daughter of 225Ac) was 55.4 ± 3.6%, whereas for 223Ra (1st decay daughter of 227Th) the maximum leakage was 73.0 ± 4.0%. These results show the potential of GdVO4 NPs as platforms of α-emitting radionuclides for their application in targeted alpha therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Toro-González
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN , USA
| | - Ashley N. Dame
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN , USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN , USA
| | - Jessika V. Rojas
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Silindir-Gunay M, Karpuz M, Ozer AY. Targeted Alpha Therapy and Nanocarrier Approach. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:446-458. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir-Gunay
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Karpuz
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A. Yekta Ozer
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Majkowska-Pilip A, Gawęda W, Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Wawrowicz K, Bilewicz A. Nanoparticles in Targeted Alpha Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1366. [PMID: 32668687 PMCID: PMC7408031 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology application in nuclear medicine offer the promise of better therapeutic options. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made on developing nanoconstructs that can be used as carriers for immobilising alpha (α)-emitters in targeted drug delivery. In this publication, we provide a comprehensive overview of available information on functional nanomaterials for targeted alpha therapy. The first section describes why nanoconstructs are used for the synthesis of α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Next, we present the synthesis and summarise the recent studies demonstrating therapeutic applications of α-emitting labelled radiobioconjugates in targeted therapy. Finally, future prospects and the emerging possibility of therapeutic application of radiolabelled nanomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (K.Ż.-M.); (K.W.); (A.B.)
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Castillo Seoane D, de Saint-Hubert M, Crabbe M, Struelens L, Koole M. Targeted alpha therapy: a critical review of translational dosimetry research with emphasis on actinium-225. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:265-277. [PMID: 32441067 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a general overview of the current achievements and challenges in translational dosimetry for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). The concept of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is described with an overview of its clinical applicability and the added value of TAT is discussed. For TAT, we focused on actinium-225 (225Ac) as an example for alpha particle emitting radionuclides and their features, such as limited range within tissue and high linear energy transfer, which make alpha particle emissions more effective in targeted killing of tumour cells compared to beta radiation. Starting with the state-of-the-art dosimetry for TRNT and TAT, we then describe the challenges that still need to be met in order to move to a personalized dosimetry approach for TAT. Specifically for 225Ac, we discuss the recoiled daughter effect which may provoke significant damage to healthy tissue or organs and should be considered. Next, a broad overview is given of the pre-clinical research on 225Ac-TAT with an extensive description of tools which are only available in a pre-clinical setting and their added value. In addition, we review the preclinical biodistribution and dosimetry studies that have been performed on TAT-agents and more specifically of 225Ac and its multiple progeny, and describe their potential role to better characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of TAT-agents and to optimize the use of theranostic approaches for dosimetry. Finally, we discuss the support pre-clinical studies may provide in understanding dose-effect relationships, linking radiation dose quantities to biological endpoints and even moving away from macro- to microdosimetry. As such, the translation of pre-clinical findings may provide valuable information and new approaches for improved clinical dosimetry, thus paving the way to personalized TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Castillo Seoane
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium - .,Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium -
| | - Marijke de Saint-Hubert
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Melissa Crabbe
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Research Unit in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
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The five “W”s and “How” of Targeted Alpha Therapy: Why? Who? What? Where? When? and How? RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-020-00900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Toro-González M, Dame AN, Foster CM, Millet LJ, Woodward JD, Rojas JV, Mirzadeh S, Davern SM. Quantitative encapsulation and retention of 227Th and decay daughters in core-shell lanthanum phosphate nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9744-9755. [PMID: 32324185 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) offers great promise for treating recalcitrant tumors and micrometastatic cancers. One drawback of TAT is the potential damage to normal tissues and organs due to the relocation of decay daughters from the treatment site. The present study evaluates La(227Th)PO4 core (C) and core +2 shells (C2S) nanoparticles (NPs) as a delivery platform of 227Th to minimize systemic distribution of decay daughters, 223Ra and 211Pb. In vitro retention of decay daughters within La(227Th)PO4 C NPs was influenced by the concentration of reagents used during synthesis, in which the leakage of 223Ra was between 0.4 ± 0.2% and 20.3 ± 1.1% in deionized water. Deposition of two nonradioactive LaPO4 shells onto La(227Th)PO4 C NPs increased the retention of decay daughters to >99.75%. The toxicity of the nonradioactive LaPO4 C and C2S NP delivery platforms was examined in a mammalian breast cancer cell line, BT-474. No significant decrease in cell viability was observed for a monolayer of BT-474 cells for NP concentrations below 233.9 μg mL-1, however cell viability decreased below 60% when BT-474 spheroids were incubated with either LaPO4 C or C2S NPs at concentrations exceeding 29.2 μg mL-1. La(227Th)PO4 C2S NPs exhibit a high encapsulation and in vitro retention of radionuclides with limited contribution to cellular cytotoxicity for TAT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toro-González
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, , Richmond 23284, USA. and Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA.
| | - A N Dame
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA.
| | - C M Foster
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA
| | - L J Millet
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA and Joint Research Activity, The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - J D Woodward
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA.
| | - J V Rojas
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, , Richmond 23284, USA.
| | - S Mirzadeh
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA.
| | - S M Davern
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37830, USA.
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Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Liu Y, Ooe K, Teramoto T, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Nakano T, Kanai Y, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Targeted alpha therapy using astatine ( 211At)-labeled phenylalanine: A preclinical study in glioma bearing mice. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1388-1398. [PMID: 32341757 PMCID: PMC7170498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine derivatives, which target tumors especially through L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), have elicited considerable attention. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effect of phenylalanine labeled with the alpha emitter astatine (211At-PA) in tumor bearing mice. The C6 glioma, U-87MG, and GL261 cell lines were subjected to a cellular 211At-PA uptake analysis that included an evaluation of the uptake inhibition by the system L amino acid transporter inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). BCH significantly inhibited para-211At-PA uptake in C6 glioma (12.2 ± 0.8%), U-87MG (27.6 ± 1.1%), and GL261 (12.6 ± 2.0%) cells compared to baseline, suggesting an uptake contribution by system L amino acid transporters. Subsequently, xenograft and allograft models were prepared by subcutaneously injecting C6 glioma (n = 12) or GL-261 cells (n = 12), respectively. C6 glioma mice received three 211At-PA doses (0.1, 0.5, or 1 MBq, n = 3/dose), while GL261 mice received one high dose (1 MBq, n = 7). 211At-PA exhibited a tumor growth suppression effect in C6 glioma models in a dose-dependent manner as well as in GL-261 models. This phenylalanine derivative labeled with astatine may be applicable as an alpha therapy that specifically targets system L amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hull A, Li Y, Bartholomeusz D, Hsieh W, Allen B, Bezak E. Radioimmunotherapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Review of the Current Status of Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E481. [PMID: 32092952 PMCID: PMC7072553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has long been associated with low survival rates. A lack of accurate diagnostic tests and limited treatment options contribute to the poor prognosis of PDAC. Radioimmunotherapy using α- or β-emitting radionuclides has been identified as a potential treatment for PDAC. By harnessing the cytotoxicity of α or β particles, radioimmunotherapy may overcome the anatomic and physiological factors which traditionally make PDAC resistant to most conventional treatments. Appropriate selection of target receptors and the development of selective and cytotoxic radioimmunoconjugates are needed to achieve the desired results of radioimmunotherapy. The aim of this review is to examine the growing preclinical and clinical trial evidence regarding the application of α and β radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. A systematic search of MEDLINE® and Scopus databases was performed to identify 34 relevant studies conducted on α or β radioimmunotherapy of PDAC. Preclinical results demonstrated α and β radioimmunotherapy provided effective tumour control. Clinical studies were limited to investigating β radioimmunotherapy only. Phase I and II trials observed disease control rates of 11.2%-57.9%, with synergistic effects noted for combination therapies. Further developments and optimisation of treatment regimens are needed to improve the clinical relevance of α and β radioimmunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Hull
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.L.); (W.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Yanrui Li
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.L.); (W.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Dylan Bartholomeusz
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Hsieh
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.L.); (W.H.); (E.B.)
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Barry Allen
- Faculty of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.L.); (W.H.); (E.B.)
- Department of Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Abstract
Radioisotopes can be produced artificially from stable nuclei through the interaction with particles or highly energetic photons. In combination with modern detection and counting techniques, radioisotopes and radiochemical methods uniquely contribute to the health sciences. This Collection showcases salient aspects of medical radioisotope science ranging from the production, recovery and purification of radioisotopes to the methods used to attach them to biomolecules. The Collection also presents studies that highlight the importance of radiochemistry in the assessment of environmental radioactivity.
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Pérez-Medina C, Teunissen AJ, Kluza E, Mulder WJ, van der Meel R. Nuclear imaging approaches facilitating nanomedicine translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:123-141. [PMID: 32721459 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine approaches can effectively modulate the biodistribution and bioavailability of therapeutic agents, improving their therapeutic index. However, despite the ever-increasing amount of literature reporting on preclinical nanomedicine, the number of nanotherapeutics receiving FDA approval remains relatively low. Several barriers exist that hamper the effective preclinical evaluation and clinical translation of nanotherapeutics. Key barriers include insufficient understanding of nanomedicines' in vivo behavior, inadequate translation from murine models to larger animals, and a lack of patient stratification strategies. Integrating quantitative non-invasive imaging techniques in nanomedicine development offers attractive possibilities to address these issues. Among the available imaging techniques, nuclear imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are highly attractive in this context owing to their quantitative nature and uncontested sensitivity. In basic and translational research, nuclear imaging techniques can provide critical quantitative information about pharmacokinetic parameters, biodistribution profiles or target site accumulation of nanocarriers and their associated payload. During clinical evaluation, nuclear imaging can be used to select patients amenable to nanomedicine treatment. Here, we review how nuclear imaging-based approaches are increasingly being integrated into nanomedicine development and discuss future developments that will accelerate their clinical translation.
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Roobol SJ, Hartjes TA, Slotman JA, de Kruijff RM, Torrelo G, Abraham TE, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Kanaar R, van Gent DC, Houtsmuller AB, Denkova AG, van Royen ME, Essers J. Uptake and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled polymersomes for radiotherapy. Nanotheranostics 2020; 4:14-25. [PMID: 31911891 PMCID: PMC6940201 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.37080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymersomes have the potential to be applied in targeted alpha radionuclide therapy, while in addition preventing release of recoiling daughter isotopes. In this study, we investigated the cellular uptake, post uptake processing and intracellular localization of polymersomes. Methods: High-content microscopy was used to validate polymersome uptake kinetics. Confocal (live cell) microscopy was used to elucidate the uptake mechanism and DNA damage induction. Intracellular distribution of polymersomes in 3-D was determined using super-resolution microscopy. Results: We found that altering polymersome size and concentration affects the initial uptake and overall uptake capacity; uptake efficiency and eventual plateau levels varied between cell lines; and mitotic cells show increased uptake. Intracellular polymersomes were transported along microtubules in a fast and dynamic manner. Endocytic uptake of polymersomes was evidenced through co-localization with endocytic pathway components. Finally, we show the intracellular distribution of polymersomes in 3-D and DNA damage inducing capabilities of 213Bi labeled polymersomes. Conclusion: Polymersome size and concentration affect the uptake efficiency, which also varies for different cell types. In addition, we present advanced assays to investigate uptake characteristics in detail, a necessity for optimization of nano-carriers. Moreover, by elucidating the uptake mechanism, as well as uptake extent and geometrical distribution of radiolabeled polymersomes we provide insight on how to improve polymersome design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Roobol
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Hartjes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M. de Kruijff
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guzman Torrelo
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C. van Gent
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia G. Denkova
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment Screening Facility (CTSF), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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