1
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Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Bioactive lipids in the skin barrier mediate its functionality in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108681. [PMID: 38897295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our skin protects us from external threats including ultraviolet radiation, pathogens and chemicals, and prevents excessive trans-epidermal water loss. These varied activities are reliant on a vast array of lipids, many of which are unique to skin, and that support physical, microbiological and immunological barriers. The cutaneous physical barrier is dependent on a specific lipid matrix that surrounds terminally-differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. Sebum- and keratinocyte-derived lipids cover the skin's surface and support and regulate the skin microbiota. Meanwhile, lipids signal between resident and infiltrating cutaneous immune cells, driving inflammation and its resolution in response to pathogens and other threats. Lipids of particular importance include ceramides, which are crucial for stratum corneum lipid matrix formation and therefore physical barrier functionality, fatty acids, which contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface and regulate the microbiota, as well as the stratum corneum lipid matrix, and bioactive metabolites of these fatty acids, involved in cell signalling, inflammation, and numerous other cutaneous processes. These diverse and complex lipids maintain homeostasis in healthy skin, and are implicated in many cutaneous diseases, as well as unrelated systemic conditions with skin manifestations, and processes such as ageing. Lipids also contribute to the gut-skin axis, signalling between the two barrier sites. Therefore, skin lipids provide a valuable resource for exploration of healthy cutaneous processes, local and systemic disease development and progression, and accessible biomarker discovery for systemic disease, as well as an opportunity to fully understand the relationship between the host and the skin microbiota. Investigation of skin lipids could provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and help identify new targets for interventions. Development and improvement of existing in vitro and in silico approaches to explore the cutaneous lipidome, as well as advances in skin lipidomics technologies, will facilitate ongoing progress in skin lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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2
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Yin X, Yan Y, Li J, Cao Z, Shen S, Chang Q, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang P. Nuclear receptors for epidermal lipid barrier: Advances in mechanisms and applications. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15107. [PMID: 38840418 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The skin plays an essential role in preventing the entry of external environmental threats and the loss of internal substances, depending on the epidermal permeability barrier. Nuclear receptors (NRs), present in various tissues and organs including full-thickness skin, have been demonstrated to exert significant effects on the epidermal lipid barrier. Formation of the lipid lamellar membrane and the normal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs) are crucial for the development of the epidermal permeability barrier and is regulated by specific NRs such as PPAR, LXR, VDR, RAR/RXR, AHR, PXR and FXR. These receptors play a key role in regulating KC differentiation and the entire process of epidermal lipid synthesis, processing and secretion. Lipids derived from sebaceous glands are influenced by NRs as well and participate in regulation of the epidermal lipid barrier. Furthermore, intricate interplay exists between these receptors. Disturbance of barrier function leads to a range of diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne. Targeting these NRs with agonists or antagonists modulate pathways involved in lipid synthesis and cell differentiation, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for dermatosis associated with barrier damage. This review focuses on the regulatory role of NRs in the maintenance and processing of the epidermal lipid barrier through their effects on skin lipid synthesis and KC differentiation, providing novel insights for drug targets to facilitate precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidie Yin
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandan Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhan Shen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihang Chang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Mandal N, Asuzu P, Stentz F, Wan J, Dagogo-Jack S. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as predictors of incident dysglycemia (CASPID): Design, methods, and baseline characteristics. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1393-1402. [PMID: 37452717 PMCID: PMC10657588 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231184228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ceramides and other Sphingolipids as Predictors of Incident Dysglycemia (CASPID) study tests the overall hypothesis that sphingolipids are pathophysiologic mediators of transition from normal glucose regulation (NGR) to prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and associated complications. The CASPID study utilizes two longitudinal cohorts - the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC)/Pathobiology and Reversibility of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (PROP-ABC) and the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)/DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS). Normoglycemic POP-ABC/PROP-ABC were followed for 10 years for progression to prediabetes and offered lifestyle intervention to reverse prediabetes. The DPP/DPPOS participants had prediabetes at enrollment, were randomized to placebo, lifestyle intervention, or metformin treatment, and followed for 11 years for progression to T2DM. Using a case-control design, we analyze 76 targeted plasma sphingolipids as predictors of progression from NGR to prediabetes (Aim 1), prediabetes to T2DM (Aim 2), response to interventions (Aim 3), and development of diabetes complications (Aim 4). A sample size of 600 subjects provides >80% power to detect a 20% difference in sphingolipid profiles between comparison groups (alpha = 0.01). At enrollment, POP-ABC participants had a mean age of 47.7 ± 9.00 years, body mass index (BMI) 30.4 ± 6.10 kg/m2, fasting glucose 92.9 ± 6.90 mg/dL, and 2-h glucose 130 ± 28.8 mg/dL; DPP participants had a mean age of 51.9 ± 9.44 years, BMI 33.7 ± 6.33 kg/m2, fasting glucose 106 ± 7.88 mg/dL, and 2-h glucose 164 ± 16.9 mg/dL. Among normoglycemic participants, those with parental history of T2DM had significantly higher baseline levels of total sphingomyelins, and lower levels of total ceramides and sphingosine, compared with control subjects without familial diabetes history. As the first such study in longitudinal human cohorts, CASPID will elucidate the role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of dysglycemia and facilitate the discovery of novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Peace Asuzu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Frankie Stentz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jim Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sam Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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4
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Göcebe D, Jansakun C, Zhang Y, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Altamura S, Muckenthaler MU, Merle U, Herrmann T, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid-specific fatty acid transport protein 4 deficiency induces a sex-dimorphic susceptibility for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G389-G403. [PMID: 36881564 PMCID: PMC10085558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Newborns with FATP4 mutations exhibit ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS), and adult patients show skin hyperkeratosis, allergies, and eosinophilia. We have previously shown that the polarization of macrophages is altered by FATP4 deficiency; however, the role of myeloid FATP4 in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not known. We herein phenotyped myeloid-specific Fatp4-deficient (Fatp4M-/-) mice under chow and high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from Fatp4M-/- mice showed significant reduction in cellular sphingolipids in males and females, and additionally phospholipids in females. BMDMs and Kupffer cells from Fatp4M-/- mice exhibited increased LPS-dependent activation of proinflammatory cytokines and transcription factors PPARγ, CEBPα, and p-FoxO1. Correspondingly, these mutants under chow diet displayed thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and elevated liver enzymes. After HFHC feeding, Fatp4M-/- mice showed increased MCP-1 expression in livers and subcutaneous fat. Plasma MCP-1, IL4, and IL13 levels were elevated in male and female mutants, and female mutants additionally showed elevation of IL5 and IL6. After HFHC feeding, male mutants showed an increase in hepatic steatosis and inflammation, whereas female mutants showed a greater severity in hepatic fibrosis associated with immune cell infiltration. Thus, myeloid-FATP4 deficiency led to steatotic and inflammatory NASH in males and females, respectively. Our work offers some implications for patients with FATP4 mutations and also highlights considerations in the design of sex-targeted therapies for NASH treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY FATP4 deficiency in BMDMs and Kupffer cells led to increased proinflammatory response. Fatp4M-/- mice displayed thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and elevated liver enzymes. In response to HFHC feeding, male mutants were prone to hepatic steatosis, whereas female mutants showed exaggerated fibrosis. Our study provides insights into a sex-dimorphic susceptibility to NASH by myeloid-FATP4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Göcebe
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chutima Jansakun
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsrithammarat, Thailand
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Lyu Y, Guan Y, Deliu L, Humphrey E, Frontera JK, Yang YJ, Zamler D, Kim KH, Mohanty V, Jin K, Mohanty V, Liu V, Dou J, Veillon LJ, Kumar SV, Lorenzi PL, Chen Y, McAndrews KM, Grivennikov S, Song X, Zhang J, Xi Y, Wang J, Chen K, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. KLF5 governs sphingolipid metabolism and barrier function of the skin. Genes Dev 2022; 36:gad.349662.122. [PMID: 36008138 PMCID: PMC9480852 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349662.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental units of tissue remodeling whose functions are dictated by lineage-specific transcription factors. Home to epidermal stem cells and their upward-stratifying progenies, skin relies on its secretory functions to form the outermost protective barrier, of which a transcriptional orchestrator has been elusive. KLF5 is a Krüppel-like transcription factor broadly involved in development and regeneration whose lineage specificity, if any, remains unclear. Here we report KLF5 specifically marks the epidermis, and its deletion leads to skin barrier dysfunction in vivo. Lipid envelopes and secretory lamellar bodies are defective in KLF5-deficient skin, accompanied by preferential loss of complex sphingolipids. KLF5 binds to and transcriptionally regulates genes encoding rate-limiting sphingolipid metabolism enzymes. Remarkably, skin barrier defects elicited by KLF5 ablation can be rescued by dietary interventions. Finally, we found that KLF5 is widely suppressed in human diseases with disrupted epidermal secretion, and its regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is conserved in human skin. Altogether, we established KLF5 as a disease-relevant transcription factor governing sphingolipid metabolism and barrier function in the skin, likely representing a long-sought secretory lineage-defining factor across tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lyu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Deliu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ericka Humphrey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joanna K Frontera
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Youn Joo Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Zamler
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kun Hee Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Vakul Mohanty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Vakul Mohanty
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Virginia Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Jinzhuang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lucas J Veillon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha V Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sergei Grivennikov
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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6
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PNPLA1-Mediated Acylceramide Biosynthesis and Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080685. [PMID: 35893253 PMCID: PMC9332298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The stratum corneum of the epidermis acts as a life-sustaining permeability barrier. Unique heterogeneous ceramides, especially ω-O-acylceramides, are key components for the formation of stable lamellar membrane structures in the stratum corneum and are essential for a vital epidermal permeability barrier. Several enzymes involved in acylceramide synthesis have been demonstrated to be associated with ichthyosis. The function of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 1 (PNPLA1) was a mystery until the finding that PNPLA1 gene mutations were involved in autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) patients, both humans and dogs. PNPLA1 plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of acylceramide as a CoA-independent transacylase. PNPLA1 gene mutations cause decreased acylceramide levels and impaired skin barrier function. More and more mutations in PNPLA1 genes have been identified in recent years. Herein, we describe the structural and functional specificity of PNPLA1, highlight its critical roles in acylceramide synthesis and skin barrier maintenance, and summarize the PNPLA1 mutations currently identified in ARCI patients.
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7
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Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231317. [PMID: 35583196 PMCID: PMC9160530 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a series of processes that provide structural substances, signalling molecules and energy. Ample evidence has shown that FA uptake is mediated by plasma membrane transporters including FA transport proteins (FATPs), caveolin-1, fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, and fatty-acid binding proteins. Unlike other FA transporters, the functions of FATPs have been controversial because they contain both motifs of FA transport and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). The widely distributed FATP4 is not a direct FA transporter but plays a predominant function as an ACS. FATP4 deficiency causes ichthyosis premature syndrome in mice and humans associated with suppression of polar lipids but an increase in neutral lipids including triglycerides (TGs). Such a shift has been extensively characterized in enterocyte-, hepatocyte-, and adipocyte-specific Fatp4-deficient mice. The mutants under obese and non-obese fatty livers induced by different diets persistently show an increase in blood non-esterified free fatty acids and glycerol indicating the lipolysis of TGs. This review also focuses on FATP4 role on regulatory networks and factors that modulate FATP4 expression in metabolic tissues including intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Metabolic disorders especially regarding blood lipids by FATP4 deficiency in different cell types are herein discussed. Our results may be applicable to not only patients with FATP4 mutations but also represent a model of dysregulated lipid homeostasis, thus providing mechanistic insights into obesity and development of fatty liver disease.
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8
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Rabionet M, Bernard P, Pichery M, Marsching C, Bayerle A, Dworski S, Kamani MA, Chitraju C, Gluchowski NL, Gabriel KR, Asadi A, Ebel P, Hoekstra M, Dumas S, Ntambi JM, Jacobsson A, Willecke K, Medin JA, Jonca N, Sandhoff R. Epidermal 1-O-acylceramides appear with the establishment of the water permeability barrier in mice and are produced by maturating keratinocytes. Lipids 2022; 57:183-195. [PMID: 35318678 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acylceramides (1-OACs) have a fatty acid esterified to the 1-hydroxyl of the sphingosine head group of the ceramide, and recently we identified these lipids as natural components of human and mouse epidermis. Here we show epidermal 1-OACs arise shortly before birth during the establishment of the water permeability barrier in mice. Fractionation of human epidermis indicates 1-OACs concentrate in the stratum corneum. During in vitro maturation into reconstructed human epidermis, human keratinocytes dramatically increase 1-OAC levels indicating they are one source of epidermal 1-OACs. In search of potential enzymes responsible for 1-OAC synthesis in vivo, we analyzed mutant mice with deficiencies of ceramide synthases (Cers2, Cers3, or Cers4), diacylglycerol acyltransferases (Dgat1 or Dgat2), elongase of very long fatty acids 3 (Elovl3), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (Lcat), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), or acidic ceramidase (Asah1). Overall levels of 1-OACs did not decrease in any mouse model. In Cers3 and Dgat2-deficient epidermis they even increased in correlation with deficient skin barrier function. Dagt2 deficiency reshapes 1-OAC synthesis with an increase in 1-OACs with N-linked non-hydroxylated fatty acids and a 60% decrease compared to control in levels of 1-OACs with N-linked hydroxylated palmitate. As none of the single enzyme deficiencies we examined resulted in a lack of 1-OACs, we conclude that either there is functional redundancy in forming 1-OAC and more than one enzyme is involved, and/or an unknown acyltransferase of the epidermis performs the final step of 1-OAC synthesis, the implications of which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Rabionet
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Bernard
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Melanie Pichery
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Marsching
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aline Bayerle
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaalee Dworski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina L Gluchowski
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katlyn R Gabriel
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abolfazl Asadi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Ebel
- Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Dumas
- Department of Nutritional sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Nutritional sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathalie Jonca
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Simard M, Tremblay A, Morin S, Martin C, Julien P, Fradette J, Flamand N, Pouliot R. α-Linolenic acid and linoleic acid modulate the lipidome and the skin barrier of a tissue-engineered skin model. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:261-274. [PMID: 34808417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in the establishment and the maintenance of the skin barrier function. However, the impact of their derived lipid mediators remains unclear. Skin substitutes were engineered according to the self-assembly method with a culture medium supplemented with 10 μM of both α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). The supplementation with ALA and LA decreased testosterone absorption through a tissue-engineered reconstructed skin model, thus indicating an improved skin barrier function following supplementation. The exogenously provided fatty acids were incorporated into the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions of the skin substitutes. Indeed, the dual supplementation increased the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (15-fold), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (3-fold), and LA (1.5-fold) in the epidermal phospholipids while it increased the levels of ALA (>20-fold), DPA (3-fold) and LA (1.5-fold) in the epidermal triglycerides. The bioactive lipid mediator profile of the skin substitutes, including prostaglandins, hydroxy-fatty acids, N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols, was next analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The lipid supplementation further modulated bioactive lipid mediator levels of the reconstructed skin substitutes, leading to a lipid mediator profile more representative of the one found in normal human skin. These findings show that an optimized supply of PUFAs via culture media is essential for the establishment of improved barrier function in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Supplementation of the culture medium with 10 μM of both α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) improved the skin barrier function of a tissue-engineered skin model. The exogenously provided fatty acids were incorporated into the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions of the skin substitutes and further modulated bioactive lipid mediator levels, including prostaglandins, hydroxy-fatty acids, N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols. These findings highlight the important role of ALA and LA in skin homeostasis and show that an optimized supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids via culture media is essential for the establishment of improved barrier function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Andréa Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1J 1A4, Canada.
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10
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Abstract
Ceramides are a class of sphingolipid that is the backbone structure for all sphingolipids, such as glycosphingolipids and phosphosphingolipids. While being a minor constituent of cellular membranes, ceramides are the major lipid component (along with cholesterol, free fatty acid, and other minor components) of the intercellular spaces of stratum corneum that forms the epidermal permeability barrier. These stratum corneum ceramides consist of unique heterogenous molecular species that have only been identified in terrestrial mammals. Alterations of ceramide molecular profiles are characterized in skin diseases associated with compromised permeability barrier functions, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and xerosis. In addition, hereditary abnormalities of some ichthyoses are associated with an epidermal unique ceramide species, omega-O-acylceramide. Ceramides also serve as lipid modulators to regulate cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis, and it has been demonstrated that changes in ceramide metabolism also cause certain diseases. In addition, ceramide metabolites, sphingoid bases, sphingoid base-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate are also lipid mediators that regulate cellular functions. In this review article, we describe diverse physiological and pathological roles of ceramides and their metabolites in epidermal permeability barrier function, epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cutaneous diseases. Finally, we summarize the utilization of ceramides as therapy to treat cutaneous disease.
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11
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Comprehensive Mouse Skin Ceramide Analysis on a Solid-Phase and TLC Separation with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Platform. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33954945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Lipidomic analyses by mass spectrometry (MS) of epidermal ceramides, a large family of lipids crucial to the permeability barrier of the skin, have been reported previously. To ensure the accuracy of lipid identification, we describe here the isolation of mouse newborn epidermal lipids followed by fractionation with solid-phase extraction columns, and lipidomic analyses by high-resolution MS for structural identification. We also describe here the employment of thin layer chromatography, an old but useful tool, in facilitating the structural characterization of the epidermal lipid species by MS.
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12
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Dang X, Li Y, Li X, Wang C, Ma Z, Wang L, Fan X, Li Z, Huang D, Xu J, Zhou Z. Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Differences in Sphingolipids Metabolic Pathway between Healthy Apis cerana cerana larvae and Chinese Sacbrood Disease. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080703. [PMID: 34442269 PMCID: PMC8396520 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese sacbrood disease (CSD), which is caused by Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV), is a major viral disease in Apis cerana cerana larvae. Analysis of lipid composition is critical to the study of CSBV replication. The host lipidome profiling during CSBV infection has not been conducted. This paper identified the lipidome of the CSBV-larvae interaction through high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 2164 lipids were detected and divided into 20 categories. Comparison of lipidome between healthy and CSBV infected-larvae showed that 266 lipid species were altered by CSBV infection. Furthermore, qRT-PCR showed that various sphingolipid enzymes and the contents of sphingolipids in the larvae were increased, indicating that sphingolipids may be important for CSBV infection. Importantly, Cer (d14:1 + hO/21:0 + O), DG (41:0e), PE (18:0e/18:3), SM (d20:0/19:1), SM (d37:1), TG (16:0/18:1/18:3), TG (18:1/20:4/21:0) and TG (43:7) were significantly altered in both CSBV_24 h vs. CK_24 h and CSBV_48 h vs. CK_48 h. Moreover, TG (39:6), which was increased by more than 10-fold, could be used as a biomarker for the early detection of CSD. This study provides evidence that global lipidome homeostasis in A. c. cerana larvae is remodeled after CSBV infection. Detailed studies in the future may improve the understanding of the relationship between the sphingolipid pathway and CSBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Dang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Zhengang Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Linling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Zhi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Dunyuan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Jinshan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (C.W.); (Z.M.); (L.W.); (X.F.); (Z.L.); (D.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
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13
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Knox S, O'Boyle NM. Skin lipids in health and disease: A review. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105055. [PMID: 33561467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our skin is the interface between us and our environment - a flexible barrier that has evolved for protection, immunity, regulation and sensation. Once regarded as inert, we now know that it is a dynamic environment. Skin lipids are crucial to the structure and function of skin. From deep in the hypodermis, through the ceramide-rich epidermis, to the lipids of the skin surface, there are a vast array of different lipids with important roles to play. This review firstly discusses the lipid composition of human skin and secondly, changes that have been found in skin lipid composition in different skin diseases. Further research into skin lipids facilitated by ever-improving methodologies will no doubt generate new knowledge, paving the way for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of skin disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Knox
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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14
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Abstract
Over the last few decades, MS-based lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool to study lipids in biological systems. This success is driven by the constant demand for complete and reliable data. The improvement of MS-based lipidomics will continue to be dependent on the advances in the technology of mass spectrometry and related techniques including separation and bioinformatics, and more importantly, on gaining insight into the knowledge of lipid chemistry essential to develop methodology for lipid analysis. It is hoped that the protocols in this book, collected from experts in their fields, can offer the beginner and the advanced user alike, useful tips toward successful lipidomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Al Mandhari H, Al-Musalhi B, Al Mahroqi N, Hilmarsen HT, Braathen GJ, Khnykin D. Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome in two Omani siblings, caused by homozygous c.1A > G mutation in the FATP4 gene. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:368-371. [PMID: 33319372 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS) is a rare type of syndromic autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) caused by a mutation in the SLC27A4 gene that encodes the fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), which is responsible for keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier function. IPS is characterized by a triad of prematurity, perinatal respiratory asphyxia, and thick vernix caseosa-like scales. In this report, we present the clinical and molecular characterization of IPS in two Omani siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Al Mandhari
- Neonatal Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Buthaina Al-Musalhi
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Hilde T Hilmarsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Geir J Braathen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Kawana M, Miyamoto M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:884-895. [PMID: 32265320 PMCID: PMC7269764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are the predominant lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) and are crucial components for normal skin barrier function. Although the composition of various ceramide classes in the human SC has been reported, that in mice is still unknown, despite mice being widely used as animal models of skin barrier function. Here, we performed LC/MS/MS analyses using recently available ceramide class standards to measure 25 classes of free ceramides and 5 classes of protein-bound ceramides from human and mouse SC. Phytosphingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides, which both contain an additional hydroxyl group, were abundant in the human SC (35% and 45% of total ceramides, respectively). In contrast, in mice, phytosph-ingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides were present at ∼1% and undetectable levels, respectively, and sphingosine-type ceramides accounted for ∼90%. In humans, ceramides containing α-hydroxy FA were abundant, whereas ceramides containing β-hydroxy or ω-hydroxy FA were abundant in mice. The hydroxylated β-carbon in β-hydroxy ceramides was in the (R) configuration. Genetic knockout of β-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratases in HAP1 cells increased β-hydroxy ceramide levels, suggesting that β-hydroxy acyl-CoA, an FA-elongation cycle intermediate in the ER, is a substrate for β-hydroxy ceramide synthesis. We anticipate that our methods and findings will help to elucidate the role of each ceramide class in skin barrier formation and in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kawana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Shin KO, Ha DH, Kim JO, Crumrine DA, Meyer JM, Wakefield JS, Lee Y, Kim B, Kim S, Kim HK, Lee J, Kwon HH, Park GH, Lee JH, Lim J, Park S, Elias PM, Park K, Yi YW, Cho BS. Exosomes from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Epidermal Barrier Repair by Inducing de Novo Synthesis of Ceramides in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2020; 9:E680. [PMID: 32164386 PMCID: PMC7140723 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease associated with epidermal barrier disruption and intense systemic inflammation. Previously, we showed that exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-exosomes) attenuate AD-like symptoms by reducing multiple inflammatory cytokine levels. Here, we investigated ASC-exosomes' effects on skin barrier restoration by analyzing protein and lipid contents. We found that subcutaneous injection of ASC-exosomes in an oxazolone-induced dermatitis model remarkably reduced trans-epidermal water loss, while enhancing stratum corneum (SC) hydration and markedly decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and TSLP, all in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, ASC-exosomes induced the production of ceramides and dihydroceramides. Electron microscopic analysis revealed enhanced epidermal lamellar bodies and formation of lamellar layer at the interface of the SC and stratum granulosum with ASC-exosomes treatment. Deep RNA sequencing analysis of skin lesions demonstrated that ASC-exosomes restores the expression of genes involved in skin barrier, lipid metabolism, cell cycle, and inflammatory response in the diseased area. Collectively, our results suggest that ASC-exosomes effectively restore epidermal barrier functions in AD by facilitating the de novo synthesis of ceramides, resulting in a promising cell-free therapeutic option for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jin Ock Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Debra A. Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Jason M. Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Bogyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Joon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea;
| | | | - Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, Korea;
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jihye Lim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sejeong Park
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
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18
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Molecular Mechanism of Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction as Primary Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041194. [PMID: 32054030 PMCID: PMC7072774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal barrier integrity could be influenced by various factors involved in epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell–cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Dysfunction of this barrier can cause skin disorders, including eczema. Inversely, eczema can also damage the epidermal barrier. These interactions through vicious cycles make the mechanism complicated in connection with other mechanisms, particularly immunologic responses. In this article, the molecular mechanisms concerning epidermal barrier abnormalities are reviewed in terms of the following categories: epidermal calcium gradients, filaggrin, cornified envelopes, desquamation, and skin lipids. Mechanisms linked to ichthyoses, atopic dermatitis without exacerbation or lesion, and early time of experimental irritation were included. On the other hand, the mechanism associated with epidermal barrier abnormalities resulting from preceding skin disorders was excluded. The molecular mechanism involved in epidermal barrier dysfunction has been mostly episodic. Some mechanisms have been identified in cultured cells or animal models. Nonetheless, research into the relationship between the causative molecules has been gradually increasing. Further evidence-based systematic data of target molecules and their interactions would probably be helpful for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier.
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