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Zhao W, Ma L, Deng D, Han L, Xu F, Zhang T, Wang Y, Huang S, Ding Y, Shu S, Chen X. BDNF-VGF Pathway Aggravates Incision Induced Acute Postoperative Pain via Upregulating the Neuroinflammation in Dorsal Root Ganglia. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04249-7. [PMID: 38829513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of postoperative patients are troubled by postoperative pain. Effective treatments are still lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-VGF (non-acronymic) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in postoperative pain. Pain behaviors were assessed through measurements of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). Transcriptome analysis was conducted to identify potential targets associated with postoperative pain. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were employed to further detect macrophage activation as well as the expression of BDNF, VGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Results showed that plantar incision induced both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Transcriptome analysis suggested that plantar incision caused upregulation of BDNF and VGF. The expressions of BDNF and VGF were upregulated in isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive (CGRP+) neurons, rather than neurofilament 200-positive (NF200+) neurons. The activation of BDNF-VGF pathway upregulated expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and promoted the activation of macrophages. In conclusion, BDNF-VGF pathway aggravates acute postoperative pain by promoting macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which may provide a new target for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Daling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Linlin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shaofang Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang X, Zhuang Y, Lin Z, Chen S, Chen L, Huang H, Lin H, Wu S. Research hotspots and trends on neuropathic pain-related mood disorders: a bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1233444. [PMID: 38179224 PMCID: PMC10764508 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1233444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuropathic Pain (NP) is often accompanied by mood disorders, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to analyze the hotspots and trends in NP-related mood disorder research using bibliometric methods and to provide valuable predictions for future research in this field. Methods Articles and review articles on NP-related mood disorders published from January 2003 to May 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. We used CiteSpace to analyze publications, countries, institutions, authors, cited authors, journals, cited journals, references, cited references, and keywords. We also analyzed collaborative network maps and co-occurrence network maps. Results A total of 4,540 studies were collected for analysis. The number of publications concerning NP-related mood disorders every year shows an upward trend. The United States was a major contributor in this field. The University of Toronto was the most productive core institution. C GHELARDINI was the most prolific author, and RH DWORKIN was the most frequently cited author. PAIN was identified as the journal with the highest productivity and citation rate. The current research hotspots mainly included quality of life, efficacy, double-blind methodology, gabapentin, pregabalin, postherpetic neuralgia, and central sensitization. The frontiers in research mainly focused on the mechanisms associated with microglia activation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and NP-related mood disorders. Discussion In conclusion, the present study provided insight into the current state and trends in NP-related mood disorder research over the past 20 years. Consequently, researchers will be able to identify new perspectives on potential collaborators and cooperative institutions, hot topics, and research frontiers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yueyang Zhuang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhigang Lin
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuijin Chen
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lechun Chen
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongye Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shiye Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Zeng T, Song Y, Qi S, Zhang R, Xu L, Xiao P. A comprehensive review of vine tea: Origin, research on Materia Medica, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116788. [PMID: 37343650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vine tea is a popular folk tea that has been consumed in China for more than 1200 years. It is often used in ethnic medicine by ethnic groups in southwest China with at least 35 aliases in 10 provinces. In coastal areas, vine tea is mostly used to treat heatstroke, aphtha, aphonia, toothache, etc. In contrast, in the southwest inland regions, vine tea is mostly used to clear away heat and toxic materials, antiphlogosis and relieving sore-throat, lowering blood pressure and lipid levels, and alleviating fatigue. Three main species have been used as the source of vine tea, Nekemias grossedentata, Nekemias cantonensis and Nekemias megalophylla. Among them, the leaves of Nekemias grossedentata were considered as new food resource in complicance with regulations, according to the Food Safety Standards published by the Monitoring and Evaluation Department of the National Health and Family Planning Commission in China. AIM OF THE STUDY At present, the comprehensively summary of Materia Medica on the history and source of vine tea is currently unavailable. The current article summed up the Materia Medica, species origin and pharmacological effects of all 3 major species used in vine tea to fill the knowledge gaps. We also aim to provide a reference for future research on historical textual, resource development and medicinal utilization of vine tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adhering to the literature screening methodology outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this review encompasses 148 scholarly research papers from three database, paper ancient books, local chronicles and folklore through field investigations. We then comprehensively summarized and discussed research progresses in scientific and application studies of vine tea. RESULTS The historical records indicated that vine tea could have been used as early as Southern and Northern Dynasties (AC 420-589). Nekemias grossedentata, Nekemias cantonensis and Nekemias megalophylla, were used to considered as vine tea in the ethnic medicine. The main phytochemicals found in three plants are flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids, among which dihydromyricetin (DHM) is the most important and most studied active substance. The key words "Ampelopsis grossedentata" (Synonym of Nekemias grossedentata) and "dihydromyricetin/DHM" showed the highest frequency over the last 27 year based on the research trend analysis. And the ethnopharmacology studies drawn the main activities of vine tea are antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-atherosclerosis activities. CONCLUSIONS This review systematically summarized and discussed vine tea from the following five aspects, history, genetic relationship, phytochemistry, research trend and ethnopharmacology. Vine tea has a long historical usage in Chinese ethnic medicine. Its outstanding therapeutic efficacies have attracted extensive attention in other places in the world at present. Nekemias cantonensis and Nekemias megalophylla are quite similar to Nekemias grossedentata in terms of many aspects. However, the current research has a narrow focus on mainly Nekemias grossedentata and DHM. We propose that future studies could be carried out to determine the synergistic effect of multi-components and multi-targets of vine tea including all 3 species to provide valuable knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shunyao Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Li XJ, Pang C, Peng Z, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Li W, Zhang HS, Zhang XS, Hang CH. Dihydromyricetin confers cerebroprotection against subarachnoid hemorrhage via the Nrf2-dependent Prx2 signaling cascade. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154997. [PMID: 37523836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical and experimental studies have shown that therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative damage are beneficial for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A brain-permeable flavonoid, dihydromyricetin (DHM), can modulate redox/oxidative stress and has cerebroprotective effects in several neurological disorders. The effects of DHM on post-SAH early brain injury (EBI) and the underlying mechanism have yet to be clarified. PURPOSE This work investigated a potential role for DHM in SAH, together with the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cerebroprotection by DHM was studied using a SAH rat model and primary cortical neurons. Atorvastatin (Ato) was a positive control drug in this investigation. The effects of DHM on behavior after SAH were evaluated by performing the neurological rotarod and Morris water maze tests, as well as by examining its effects on brain morphology and on the molecular and functional phenotypes of primary cortical neurons using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), immunofluorescent staining, biochemical analysis, and Western blot. RESULTS DHM was found to significantly reduce the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppress mitochondrial disruption, and increase intrinsic antioxidant enzymatic activity following SAH. DHM also significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis in SAH rats and improved short- and long-term neurological functions. DHM induced significant increases in peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, while decreasing phosphorylation of p38 and apoptotic signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1). In contrast, reduction of Prx2 expression using small interfering ribonucleic acid or by inhibiting Nrf2 with ML385 attenuated the neuroprotective effect of DHM against SAH. Moreover, DHM dose-dependently inhibited oxidative damage, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and increased the viability of primary cultured neurons in vitro. These positive effects were associated with Nrf2 activation and stimulation of Prx2 signaling, whereas ML385 attenuated the beneficial effects. CONCLUSION These results reveal that DHM protects against SAH primarily by modulating the Prx2 signaling cascade through the Nrf2-dependent pathway. Hence, DHM could be a valuable therapeutic candidate for SAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang Z, Cao Z, Yue Z, Yang Z. Research progress of dihydromyricetin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1216907. [PMID: 37732125 PMCID: PMC10507363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1216907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder disease characterized by hyperglycemia, is mainly caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion or decreased insulin sensitivity in target tissue cells. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavonoid compound of dihydroflavonol that widely exists in Ampelopsis grossedentata. This review aims to summarize the research progress of DMY in the treatment of DM. A detailed summary of related signaling induced by DMY are discussed. Increasing evidence implicates that DMY display hypoglycemic effects in DM via improving glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating inflammatory responses, and reducing oxidative stress, with the signal transduction pathways underlying the regulation of AMPK or mTOR/autophagy, and relevant downstream cascades, including PGC-1α/SIRT3, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signal pathways. Hence, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic implications of DMY in DM are still obscure. In this review, following with a brief introduction of the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion characteristics of DMY, we summarized the current pharmacological developments of DMY as well as possible molecular mechanisms in the treatment of DM, aiming to push the understanding about the protective role of DMY as well as its preclinical assessment of novel application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gamage E, Orr R, Travica N, Lane MM, Jacka F, Dissanayaka T, Kim JH, Grosso G, Godos J, Marx W. Polyphenols as novel interventions for depression: exploring the efficacy, mechanisms of action, and implications for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105225. [PMID: 37164045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal and human studies have assessed the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. However, no comprehensive synthesis of the main findings has been conducted. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the available evidence from animal and human studies on the association and the effects of dietary polyphenols on depression and provide recommendations for future research. We based our review on 163 preclinical animal, 16 observational and 44 intervention articles assessing the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. Most animal studies demonstrated that exposure to polyphenols alleviated behaviours reported to be associated with depression. However, human studies are less clear, with some studies reporting and inverse relationship between the intake of some polyphenols, and polyphenol rich foods and depression risk and symptoms, while others reporting no association or effect. Hence, while there has been extensive research conducted in animals and there is some supporting evidence in humans, further human studies are required, particularly in younger and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gamage
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca Orr
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jee H Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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Getachew B, Csoka AB, Copeland RL, Manaye KF, Tizabi Y. Dihydromyricetin Protects Against Salsolinol-Induced Toxicity in Dopaminergic Cell Line: Implication for Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:141-148. [PMID: 36585544 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although aging is the primary cause, environmental and genetic factors have also been implicated in its etiology. In fact, the sporadic nature of PD (i.e., unknown etiology) renders the uncovering of the exact pathogenic mechanism(s) or development of effective pharmacotherapies challenging. In search of novel neuroprotectants, we showed that butyrate (BUT), a short-chain fatty acid, protects against salsolinol (SALS)-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells, which are considered an in-vitro model of PD. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid derived from Asian medicinal plant, has also shown effectiveness against oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with DHM concentration-dependently prevented SALS-induced toxicity and that a combination of DHM and BUT resulted in a synergistic protection. The effects of both DHM and BUT in turn could be completely blocked by flumazenil (FLU), a GABAA antagonist acting at benzodiazepine receptor site, and by bicuculline (BIC), a GABAA antagonist acting at orthosteric site. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a free fatty acid 3 (FA3) receptor antagonist, also fully blocked the protective effect of DHM. BHB was shown previously to only partially block the protective effect of BUT. Thus, there are some overlaps and some distinct differences in protective mechanisms of DHM and BUT against SALS-induced toxicity. It is suggested that a combination of DHM and BUT may have therapeutic potential in PD. However, further in-vivo verifications are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, Washington, NWDC, 20059, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, Washington, NWDC, 20059, USA
| | - Kebreten F Manaye
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, Washington, NWDC, 20059, USA.
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Huang J, Chen B, Wang H, Hu S, Yu X, Reilly J, He Z, You Y, Shu X. Dihydromyricetin Attenuates Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice by Inhibiting the AGE-RAGE Signaling Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233730. [PMID: 36496991 PMCID: PMC9738449 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex mental disorder, affecting approximately 280 million individuals globally. The pathobiology of depression is not fully understood, and the development of new treatments is urgently needed. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural flavanone, mainly distributed in Ampelopsis grossedentata. DHM has demonstrated a protective role against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, cancer, kidney injury and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of DHM against depression in a chronic depression mouse model induced by corticosterone (CORT). Animals exposed to CORT displayed depressive-like behaviors; DHM treatment reversed these behaviors. Network pharmacology analyses showed that DHM's function against depression involved a wide range of targets and signaling pathways, among which the inflammation-linked targets and signaling pathways were critical. Western blotting showed that CORT-treated animals had significantly increased levels of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) and receptor of AGE (RAGE) in the hippocampus, implicating activation of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected a marked increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in the hippocampus of CORT-treated mice. DHM administration significantly counteracted these CORT-induced changes. These findings suggest that protection against depression by DHM is mediated by suppression of neuroinflammation, predominantly via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xudong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Zhiming He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Yong You
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (X.S.)
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (X.S.)
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9
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Pinocembrin Inhibits P2X4 Receptor–Mediated Pyroptosis in Hippocampus to Alleviate the Behaviours of Chronic Pain and Depression Comorbidity in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7119-7133. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Long L, Zhong W, Guo L, Ji J, Nie H. Effect of Bufalin-PLGA Microspheres in the Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain via the CCI Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910885. [PMID: 35770074 PMCID: PMC9234216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neuropathic pain (NPP) is considered challenging, while the search for alternative medication is striving. NPP pathology is related with the expression of both the purinergic 2X7 (P2X7) receptor and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1). Bufalin is a traditional Chinese medication derived from toad venom with pronounced antitumor, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and the knowledge gap on its pain alleviation mechanism have limited the clinical application of bufalin. Hence, the purpose of this study is to illustrate the NPP alleviation mechanism of bufalin via chronic constriction injury (CCI). To address the concern on fast metabolism, bufalin-PLGA microspheres (MS) were prepared via membrane emulsification to achieve prolonged pain-relieving effects. Western blot, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking were employed to demonstrate the therapeutic action of bufalin on NPP. The results showed enhanced thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) after the administration of both bufalin and bufalin-PLGA MS in the CCI rats. Prolonged pain-relieving effects for up to 3 days with reduced dose frequency was achieved via bufalin-PLGA MS. In the CCI rats treated with bufalin-PLGA MS, the expression levels of protein and mRNA in TRPV1 and P2X7, both localized in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), were reduced. Moreover, bufalin-PLGA MS effectively reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in the CCI group. The results from molecular docking suggested a possible mechanism of NPP alleviation of bufalin through binding to P2X7 receptors directly. The administration of bufalin-PLGA MS prepared by membrane emulsification demonstrated promising applications for sustained effect on the alleviation of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Long
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu, China
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Zhong, ; Hong Nie,
| | - Liwei Guo
- Guangzhou Bio-Green Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Processing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Innovation, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Dayuan Studio of Membrane Science and Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Zhong, ; Hong Nie,
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11
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Wang Y, Wang J, Xiang H, Ding P, Wu T, Ji G. Recent update on application of dihydromyricetin in metabolic related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112771. [PMID: 35247719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of natural flavonoids, dihydromyricetin (DMY) has attracted more and more attention. It has a series of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, antibacterial and so on, and it is almost no toxicity and with excellent safety. Therefore, even if the bioavailability is poor, it is often added to daily food, beverages and even medicines. In recent years, some researchers have found that DMY can treat some diseases by anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, promoting cell death and regulate the activity of lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition, the mechanism of DMY on these diseases was also related to the signal pathway of AMPK, PI3K/Akt, PPAR and the participation of microRNAs. This review describes the mechanism of DMY in metabolic related diseases from three aspects: metabolic diseases, liver diseases, and cancers, hoping to provide some new ideas for clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Wen J, Xu Y, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Wang W, Yang J, Wang Y, Bai Q, Li Z. The cAMP Response Element- Binding Protein/Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Pathway in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Regulates Neuropathic Pain and Anxiodepression Like Behaviors in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:831151. [PMID: 35401106 PMCID: PMC8987281 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.831151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is often accompanied by anxiety and depression-like manifestations. Many studies have shown that alterations in synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play a critical role, but the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, we showed that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) acts as a transcription factor contributing to neuropathic pain development. At the same time, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as important targets of CREB, is intricate in neuronal growth, differentiation, as well as the establishment of synaptic plasticity. Here, we found that peripheral nerve injury activated the spinal cord and ACC, and silencing the ACC resulted in significant relief of pain sensitivity, anxiety, and depression in SNI rats. In parallel, the CREB/BDNF pathway was activated in the spinal cord and ACC. Central specific knockdown and peripheral non-specific inhibition of CREB reversed pain sensitivity and anxiodepression induced by peripheral nerve injury. Consequently, we identified cingulate CREB/BDNF as an assuring therapeutic method for treating neuropathic pain as well as related anxiodepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaowei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Bai,
| | - Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhisong Li,
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13
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Chung KH, Park SB, Streckmann F, Wiskemann J, Mohile N, Kleckner AS, Colloca L, Dorsey SG, Kleckner IR. Mechanisms, Mediators, and Moderators of the Effects of Exercise on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1224. [PMID: 35267533 PMCID: PMC8909585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an adverse effect of neurotoxic antineoplastic agents commonly used to treat cancer. Patients with CIPN experience debilitating signs and symptoms, such as combinations of tingling, numbness, pain, and cramping in the hands and feet that inhibit their daily function. Among the limited prevention and treatment options for CIPN, exercise has emerged as a promising new intervention that has been investigated in approximately two dozen clinical trials to date. As additional studies test and suggest the efficacy of exercise in treating CIPN, it is becoming more critical to develop mechanistic understanding of the effects of exercise in order to tailor it to best treat CIPN symptoms and identify who will benefit most. To address the current lack of clarity around the effect of exercise on CIPN, we reviewed the key potential mechanisms (e.g., neurophysiological and psychosocial factors), mediators (e.g., anti-inflammatory cytokines, self-efficacy, and social support), and moderators (e.g., age, sex, body mass index, physical fitness, exercise dose, exercise adherence, and timing of exercise) that may illuminate the relationship between exercise and CIPN improvement. Our review is based on the studies that tested the use of exercise for patients with CIPN, patients with other types of neuropathies, and healthy adults. The discussion presented herein may be used to (1) guide oncologists in predicting which symptoms are best targeted by specific exercise programs, (2) enable clinicians to tailor exercise prescriptions to patients based on specific characteristics, and (3) inform future research and biomarkers on the relationship between exercise and CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Chung
- Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box CU 420658, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.H.C.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Susanna B. Park
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Fiona Streckmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Wiskemann
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Nimish Mohile
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Amber S. Kleckner
- Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box CU 420658, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.H.C.); (A.S.K.)
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.C.); (S.G.D.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research (CACPR), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.C.); (S.G.D.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research (CACPR), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.C.); (S.G.D.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research (CACPR), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ian R. Kleckner
- Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box CU 420658, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.H.C.); (A.S.K.)
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (L.C.); (S.G.D.)
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research (CACPR), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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14
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Zhang H, Caprioli G, Hussain H, Khoi Le NP, Farag MA, Xiao J. A multifaceted review on dihydromyricetin resources, extraction, bioavailability, biotransformation, bioactivities, and food applications with future perspectives to maximize its value. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds present a better alternative to prevent and treat chronic diseases owing to their lower toxicity and abundant resources. (+)-Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavanonol, possessing numerous interesting bioactivities with abundant resources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DMY natural resources, stereoisomerism, physicochemical properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation. Stereoisomerism of DMY should be considered for better indication of its efficacy. Biotechnological approach presents a potential tool for the production of DMY using microbial cell factories. DMY high instability is related to its powerful antioxidant capacity due to pyrogallol moiety in ring B, and whether preparation of other analogues could demonstrate improved properties. DMY demonstrates poor bioavailability based on its low solubility and permeability with several attempts to improve its pharmacokinetics and efficacy. DMY possesses various pharmacological effects, which have been proven by many in vitro and in vivo experiments, while clinical trials are rather scarce, with underlying action mechanisms remaining unclear. Consequently, to maximize the usefulness of DMY in nutraceuticals, improvement in bioavailability, and better understanding of its actions mechanisms and drug interactions ought to be examined in the future along with more clinical evidence.
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15
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Peng L, Wu B, Shi L, Zou L, Li L, Yang R, Xu X, Li G, Liu S, Zhang C, Liang S. Long Non-coding RNA Uc.48+ Small Interfering RNA Alleviates Neuroinflammatory Hyperalgesia in Gp120-Treated Rats via the P2Y12 Receptor. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663962. [PMID: 34326715 PMCID: PMC8315484 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) leads to hyperalgesia. Long non-coding RNAs are characterized by the lack of a protein-coding sequence and may contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuroinflammatory pain. Rats with neuroinflammatory pain were established by gp120 treatment, which is featured by intensified pain behaviors. Long non-coding RNA uc.48+ was increased in the dorsal root ganglia of gp120-treated rats, and small interfering RNA that targets uc.48+ markedly alleviated hyperalgesia in gp120-treated rats. Notably, uc.48+ overexpression increased P2Y12 expression in control rats dorsal root ganglia and induced hyperalgesia. Uc.48+ small interfering RNA inhibited P2Y12 expression in gp120-treated rats. Uc.48+ potentiated P2Y12 receptor functions in the neurons and heterologous cells. Therefore, uc.48+ siRNA treatment reduced the upregulation of P2Y12 expression and function in DRG neurons, and, hence, alleviated hyperalgesia in gp120-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liran Shi
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Wang A, Shi X, Yu R, Qiao B, Yang R, Xu C. The P2X 7 Receptor Is Involved in Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Hypersensitivity Mediated by TRPV1 in the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:663649. [PMID: 34163328 PMCID: PMC8215290 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.663649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic 2X7 (P2X7) receptor expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs) is involved in the inflammatory response, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) participates in the process of neurogenic inflammation, such as that in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and peripheral neuralgia. The main purpose of this study was to explore the role of the P2X7 receptor in DNP hypersensitivity mediated by TRPV1 in the rat and its possible mechanism. A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related neuropathic pain (NPP) named the DNP rat model was established in this study. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of DNP rats were increased after intrathecal injection of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079, and the mRNA and protein levels of TRPV1 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were decreased in DNP rats treated with A438079 compared to untreated DNP rats; in addition, A438079 also decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the DNP group. Based on these results, the P2X7 receptor might be involved in DNP mediated by TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangchao Shi
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruoyang Yu
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bao Qiao
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Runan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
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17
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BDNF Participates in Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Transcriptionally Activating P2X 7 in Primary Sensory Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4226-4236. [PMID: 33963520 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, resulting from the pathological changes of the somatosensory nervous system, remains a severe public health problem worldwide. The effect of treatment targeting neuropathic pain is very limited, as the underlying mechanism of neuropathic pain is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was remarkably and time-dependently increased in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. DRG microinjection of BDNF siRNA in DRG ameliorated chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced mechanical, thermal, and cold nociceptive hypersensitivities. Overexpressing BDNF through microinjection of the AAV5-BDNF in DRG caused enhanced responses to basal mechanical, thermal, and cold stimuli in mice exposed to CCI. Mechanically, the P2X7 promoter activity was enhanced by CCI-induced increase of DRG BDNF protein and was involved in the CCI-induced upregulation of DRG P2X7 protein. The overexpression of BDNF also increased P2X7 expression in DRG neurons, which was validated in in vivo and in vitro experiments. BDNF may exert crucial effect via transcriptionally activating the P2X7 gene in primary sensory neurons, since P2X7 acts as a role of endogenous agitator in neuropathic pain and BDNF largely co-expresses with P2X7 in DRG neurons. Therefore, our data provide evidence that BDNF may be a promising therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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18
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Miao B, Yin Y, Mao G, Zhao B, Wu J, Shi H, Fei S. The implication of transient receptor potential canonical 6 in BDNF-induced mechanical allodynia in rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Life Sci 2021; 273:119308. [PMID: 33667520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is vital in the pathogenesis of mechanical allodynia with a paucity of reports available regarding diabetic neuropathy pain (DNP). Herein we identified the involvement of BDNF in driving mechanical allodynia in DNP rats via the activation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DNP rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and allodynia was assessed by paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL). The expression profiles of BDNF and TRPC6 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord were illustrated by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Intrathecal administration of K252a or TrkB-Fc was performed to inhibit BNDF/TrkB expression, and respective injection of GsMTX-4, BTP2 and TRPC6 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (TRPC6-AS) was likewise conducted to inhibit TRPC6 expression in DNP rats. Calcium influx in DRG was monitored by calcium imaging. KEY FINDINGS The time-dependent increase of BDNF and TRPC6 expression in DRG and spinal cord was observed since the 7th post-STZ day, correlated with the development of mechanical allodynia in DNP rats. Intrathecal administration of K252a, TrkB-Fc, GsMTX-4 and BTP2 prevented mechanical allodynia in DNP rats. Pre-treatment of TRPC6-AS reversed the BDNF-induced pain-like responses in DNP rats rather than the naïve rats. In addition, the TRPC6-AS reversed BDNF-induced increase of calcium influx in DRG neurons in DNP rats. SIGNIFICANCE The intrathecal inhibition of TRPC6 alleviated the BDNF-induced mechanical allodynia in DNP rat model. This finding may validate the application of TRPC6 antagonists as interesting strategy for DNP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangtong Mao
- Department of Pathology, Xinyi People's Hospital, 16 Renmin Road, Xinyi 221400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Benhuo Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Fu R, Li S, Li S, Gong X, Zhou G, Wang Y, Ding R, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Li Y. P2X4 receptor in the dorsal horn contributes to BDNF/TrkB and AMPA receptor activation in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia in rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135773. [PMID: 33639220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the high incidence of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia is unclear. Also, no effective prevention method exists. Inflammatory pain-related studies showed that P2X4 purinergic receptors (P2X4Rs) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia are essential for maintaining allodynia caused by inflammation. However, little is known about its role in opioid-induced hyperalgesia. This study aimed to determine the role of P2X4R and related signaling pathways in the remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia (RIH) model. The study simulated the remifentanil infusion and surgical incision during general anesthesia. The mRNA and protein expression level of P2X4R in rats with RIH model increased from 2 h to 48 h after the surgery. The administration of P2X4R inhibitors prevented the occurrence of RIH, resulting in a reduction in mechanical and thermal pain. Moreover, P2X4R was involved in RIH in male and female rats, indicating no sex-specific difference. P2X4R also increased the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) / tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) dependent manner. The results from whole-cell patch-clamp recording suggested that P2X4R also regulated AMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and participated in the synaptic plasticity of spinal dorsal horn neurons. In summary, P2X4R was involved in AMPAR expression, electrophysiological function, and synaptic plasticity of spinal dorsal horn neurons through BDNF/TrkB signaling. This might be the mechanism underlying RIH, and hence inhibition of P2X4R might be a potential treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaojie Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ziran Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Zhang W, Yang L, Li L, Feng W. Dihydromyricetin attenuates neuropathic pain via enhancing the transition from M1 to M2 phenotype polarization by potentially elevating ALDH2 activity in vitro and vivo. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1151. [PMID: 33241000 PMCID: PMC7576025 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment for neuropathic pain as a refractory disease remains unsatisfactory and represents a significant clinical challenge. A highly effective drug is thus urgently needed for neuropathic pain treatment. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavonoid with a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of DMY on neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanism of its effect. Methods The effect of DMY was investigated in BV-2 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells. A neuropathic pain model was established via spared nerve injury (SNI) surgery in mice, and the protein expression level was detected via Western blot assay. The percent of M1 and M2 phenotype polarization cells were detected via flow cytometry assay. Immunochemical staining assay was also performed to measure the marker levels of the M1 and M2 phenotype polarization cells and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) level, and mechanical pain sensitivity was evaluated via measurement of the mechanical withdrawal threshold. Results We found that DMY promoted the transition from M1 to M2 polarization and upregulated the ALDH2 level in vitro and vitro. ALDA-1, an ALDH2 agonist, promoted the switching from M1 to M2 polarization in vivo and vitro. DMY alleviated pain hypersensitivity induced by SNI via enhancing M2 phenotype polarization by elevating ALDH2 activity in mice. After DMY- or ALDA-1-microglia were injected into SNI-induced pain hypersensitive mice, the mechanical withdrawal threshold was increased significantly when compared with the SNI group. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that DMY alleviated neuropathic pain via enhancing the polarization transition from the M1 to M2 phenotype by potentially elevating ALDH2 activity in vitro and vivo. DMY- or ALDA-1-microglia may have alleviative effects on neuropathic pain. The findings herein provide a promising avenue for neuropathic pain treatment, suggesting a new target, ALDH2, in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li H, Liu S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang K. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and μ-opioid receptor. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:823-834. [PMID: 32268802 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220918193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT There are currently approximately 425 million diabetic patients worldwide, of which approximately 90% of patients with diabetes suffer from neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetic neuropathy. Nearly half of the patients hospitalized with diabetes have pain symptoms or symptoms related to neurological injury, and the incidence increases with age and diabetic duration. Anti-DNP analgesics have either limited therapeutic effects or serious side effects or lack of clinical trials, which has limited their application. Physiopathological mechanisms and treatment of DNP remain a significant challenge. The present confirmed that inhalation of H2S may attenuate the diabetic neuropathic pain through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and μ-opioid receptor. It provides us the animal study foundation for the application of H2S on the treatment of DNP and clarifies some target molecules in the pain modulation of DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Medical Management Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Naval Medical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Pre Hospital Emergency Department, Shandong Otolaryngology Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (West Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital), Shandong 250117, China
| | - Yonglai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Kaiguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
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Liu L, He L, Yin C, Huang R, Shen W, Ge H, Sun M, Li S, Gao Y, Xiong W. Effects of palmatine on BDNF/TrkB-mediated trigeminal neuralgia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4998. [PMID: 32193501 PMCID: PMC7081188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a sudden, needle-like pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve, can seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. In chronic pain conditions including TN, increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may enhance pain transmission. This study compares the effect of palmatine administration on the expression of BDNF and its receptor TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) in trigeminal ganglion cells of Sprague-Dawley rats in a sham versus TN model group. Within 14 days of surgery, the mechanical allodynia threshold of the TN group was significantly lower than that of the sham group, while the TN + palmatine group had a higher mechanical pain sensitivity threshold than the TN group (p < 0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence showed that BDNF and TrkB expression in the TN group was higher than that in the sham group, while palmatine treatment could reverse these changes. Western blotting showed that palmatine treatment could reduce the elevated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in TN rats. Thus, the BDNF/TrkB pathway may be involved in the pain transmission process of TN, and palmatine treatment may reduce pain transmission by inhibiting the BDNF/TrkB pathway and suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingkun He
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cancan Yin
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huixiang Ge
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengyun Sun
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Second Clinic Medical College of Grade 2017, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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