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Ruan X, Lei T, Xiang X, Liu F, Shi X. Insights on Moyamoya Disease: Vascular Inflammation and Nuclear Autoschizis in Cranial Arteries. Stroke 2024; 55:e5-e7. [PMID: 38018829 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pavia, Italy (X.R.)
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital (T.L., X.X., F.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (T.L., X.S.)
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital (T.L., X.X., F.L.)
| | - Fangjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital (T.L., X.X., F.L.)
| | - Xiang'en Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (T.L., X.S.)
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Ji ZZ, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Leung KT, Jiang X, To KF, Wu Y, Tang PMK. Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1261749. [PMID: 37965573 PMCID: PMC10641386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shirozu N, Ohgidani M, Hata N, Tanaka S, Inamine S, Sagata N, Kimura T, Inoue I, Arimura K, Nakamizo A, Nishimura A, Maehara N, Takagishi S, Iwaki K, Nakao T, Masuda K, Sakai Y, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K, Kato TA. Angiogenic and inflammatory responses in human induced microglia-like (iMG) cells from patients with Moyamoya disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14842. [PMID: 37684266 PMCID: PMC10491754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic factors associated with Moyamoya disease (MMD) are overexpressed in M2 polarized microglia in ischemic stroke, suggesting that microglia may be involved in the pathophysiology of MMD; however, existing approaches are not applicable to explore this hypothesis. Herein we applied blood induced microglial-like (iMG) cells. We recruited 25 adult patients with MMD and 24 healthy volunteers. Patients with MMD were subdivided into progressive (N = 7) or stable (N = 18) group whether novel symptoms or radiographic advancement of Suzuki stage within 1 year was observed or not. We produced 3 types of iMG cells; resting, M1-, and M2-induced cells from monocytes, then RNA sequencing followed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and qPCR assay were performed. RNA sequencing of M2-induced iMG cells revealed that 600 genes were significantly upregulated (338) or downregulated (262) in patients with MMD. Inflammation and immune-related factors and angiogenesis-related factors were specifically associated with MMD in GO analysis. qPCR for MMP9, VEGFA, and TGFB1 expression validated these findings. This study is the first to demonstrate that M2 microglia may be involved in the angiogenic process of MMD. The iMG technique provides a promising approach to explore the bioactivity of microglia in cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Shirozu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunya Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Inamine
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kimura
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Koichi Arimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamizo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ataru Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soh Takagishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuma Iwaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Singh R, Bauman MMJ, Seas A, Harrison DJ, Pennington Z, Brown NJ, Gendreau J, Rahmani R, Ellens N, Catapano J, Lawton MT. Association of moyamoya vasculopathy with autoimmune disease: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:220. [PMID: 37658996 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite more than six decades of extensive research, the etiology of moyamoya disease (MMD) remains unknown. Inflammatory or autoimmune (AI) processes have been suggested to instigate or exacerbate the condition, but the data remains mixed. The objective of the present systematic review was to summarize the available literature investigating the association of MMD and AI conditions as a means of highlighting potential treatment strategies for this subset of moyamoya patients. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were queried to identify studies describing patients with concurrent diagnoses of MMD and AI disease. Data were extracted on patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and treatment. Stable or improved symptoms were considered favorable outcomes, while worsening symptoms and death were considered unfavorable. Quantitative pooled analysis was performed with individual patient-level data. Of 739 unique studies identified, 103 comprising 205 unique patients (80.2% female) were included in the pooled analysis. Most patients (75.8%) identified as Asian/Pacific Islanders, and the most commonly reported AI condition was Graves' disease (57.6%), with 55.9% of these patients presenting in a thyrotoxic state. Of the 148 patients who presented with stroke, 88.5% of cases (n = 131) were ischemic. Outcomes data was available in 152 cases. There were no significant baseline differences between patients treated with supportive therapy alone and those receiving targeted immunosuppressant therapy. Univariable logistic regression showed that surgery plus medical therapy was more likely than medical therapy alone to result in a favorable outcome. On subanalysis of operated patients, 94.1% of patients who underwent combined direct and indirect bypass reported favorable outcomes, relative to 76.2% of patients who underwent indirect bypass and 82% who underwent direct bypass (p < 0.05). On univariable analysis, the presence of multiple AI disorders was associated with worse outcomes relative to having a single AI disorder. Autoimmune diseases have been uncommonly reported in patients with MMD, but the presence of multiple AI comorbidities portends poorer prognosis. The addition of surgical intervention appears to improve outcomes and for patients deemed surgical candidates, combined direct and indirect bypass appears to offer better outcomes that direct or indirect bypass alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohin Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Megan M J Bauman
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andreas Seas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | | | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nolan J Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Julian Gendreau
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ellens
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Chen YL, Lowery AKT, Lin S, Walker AM, Chen KHE. Tumor cell-derived asymmetric dimethylarginine regulates macrophage functions and polarization. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:351. [PMID: 36376929 PMCID: PMC9664648 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is significantly elevated in the plasma of cancer patients, is formed via intracellular recycling of methylated proteins and serves as a precursor for resynthesis of arginine. However, the cause of ADMA elevation in cancers and its impact on the regulation of tumor immunity is not known. METHODS Three mouse breast cell lines (normal breast epithelial HC11, breast cancer EMT6 and triple negative breast cancer 4T1) and their equivalent 3D stem cell culture were used to analyze the secretion of ADMA using ELISA and their responses to ADMA. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and/or RAW264.7 cells were used to determine the impact of increased extracellular ADMA on macrophage-tumor interactions. Gene/protein expression was analyzed through RNAseq, qPCR and flow cytometry. Protein functional analyses were conducted via fluorescent imaging (arginine uptake, tumor phagocytosis) and enzymatic assay (arginase activity). Cell viability was measured via MTS assay and/or direct cell counting using Countess III FL system. RESULTS For macrophages, ADMA impaired proliferation and phagocytosis of tumor cells, and even caused death in cultures incubated without arginine. ADMA also led to an unusual macrophage phenotype, with increased expression of arginase, cd163 and cd206 but decreased expression of il10 and dectin-1. In contrast to the severely negative impacts on macrophages, ADMA had relatively minor effects on proliferation and survival of mouse normal epithelial HC11 cells, mouse breast cancer EMT6 and 4T1 cells, but there was increased expression of the mesenchymal markers, vimentin and snail2, and decreased expression of the epithelial marker, mucin-1 in EMT6 cells. When tumor cells were co-cultured ex vivo with tumor antigen in vivo-primed splenocytes, the tumor cells secreted more ADMA and there were alterations in the tumor cell arginine metabolic landscape, including increased expression of genes involved in arginine uptake, metabolism and methylation, and decreased expression of a gene that is responsible for arginine demethylation. Additionally, interferon-gamma, a cytokine involved in immune challenge, increased secretion of ADMA in tumor cells, a process attenuated by an autophagy inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our results suggest initial immune attack promotes autophagy in tumor cells, which then secrete ADMA to manipulate macrophage polarization favoring tumor tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - AKaychia T Lowery
- Division of Mathematics and Sciences, Delta State University, 38733, Cleveland, MS, USA
| | - Samuel Lin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ameae M Walker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Hui E Chen
- Division of Mathematics and Sciences, Delta State University, 38733, Cleveland, MS, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 79409, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Epigenome-Wide Association Study Reveals Differential Methylation Sites and Association of Gene Expression Regulation with Ischemic Moyamoya Disease in Adults. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7192060. [PMID: 35368875 PMCID: PMC8970806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7192060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The association of DNA methylation with the pathogenesis of adult ischemic moyamoya disease (MMD) is unknown. Here, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in patients with MMD and identified the genes related to the pathogenesis of MMD. Methods Whole blood samples were collected from 20 individuals, including 10 patients with ischemic moyamoya disease without any underlying disease and 10 healthy individuals. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using Illumina 850K microarrays. Transcriptional correlation was verified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In vitro experiments were used to analyze the association of functional defects with candidate epigenetic markers. Results The genome-wide methylation level in the whole blood of adults with ischemic MMD was higher than that in the healthy individuals. In total, 759 methylation probes differed significantly between the case and control. The hypermethylated regions were mostly concentrated in the gene spacer regions. Among genes with the highest degree of the differential expression, KCNMA1 and GALNT2 were upregulated, whereas SOX6 and RBM33 were downregulated. Conclusions This is the first study showing that the low expression of genes associated with epigenetic regulation, such as SOX6 and RBM33, may be related to vascular occlusion in MMD, whereas the overexpression of KCNMA1 and GALNT2 may be related to the vascular hyperplasia. The results suggest that DNA methylation was involved in the pathogenesis of MMD, and new pathogenic genes were proposed as biological markers.
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González-Jamett A, Vásquez W, Cifuentes-Riveros G, Martínez-Pando R, Sáez JC, Cárdenas AM. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Connexin Hemichannels in Muscular Dystrophies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020507. [PMID: 35203715 PMCID: PMC8962419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital neuromuscular disorders whose clinical signs include myalgia, skeletal muscle weakness, hypotonia, and atrophy that leads to progressive muscle disability and loss of ambulation. MDs can also affect cardiac and respiratory muscles, impairing life-expectancy. MDs in clude Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. These and other MDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins responsible for the structure and function of skeletal muscles, such as components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein-complex that connect the sarcomeric-actin with the extracellular matrix, allowing contractile force transmission and providing stability during muscle contraction. Consequently, in dystrophic conditions in which such proteins are affected, muscle integrity is disrupted, leading to local inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, Ca2+-dyshomeostasis and muscle degeneration. In this scenario, dysregulation of connexin hemichannels seem to be an early disruptor of the homeostasis that further plays a relevant role in these processes. The interaction between all these elements constitutes a positive feedback loop that contributes to the worsening of the diseases. Thus, we discuss here the interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress and connexin hemichannels in the progression of MDs and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Walter Vásquez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Gabriela Cifuentes-Riveros
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rafaela Martínez-Pando
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
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Zhukova OV, Arkhipova EV, Kovaleva TF, Ryabov SA, Ivanova IP, Golovacheva AA, Zykova DA, Zaitsev SD. Immunopharmacological Properties of Methacrylic Acid Polymers as Potential Polymeric Carrier Constituents of Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:4855. [PMID: 34443443 PMCID: PMC8402103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic chemotherapeutics provide a classical means to treat cancer, but conventional treatments have not increased in efficacy in the past years, warranting a search for new approaches to therapy. The aim of the study was, therefore, to obtain methacrylic acid (MAA) (co)polymers and to study their immunopharmacological properties. 4-Cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CDSPA) and 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate (CPDT) were used as reversible chain transfer agents. Experiments were carried out in Wistar rats. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the polymeric systems on peritoneal macrophages. An experimental tumor model was obtained by grafting RMK-1 breast cancer cells. Serum cytokine levels of tumor-bearing rats were analyzed. The chain transfer agents employed in classical radical polymerization substantially reduced the molecular weight of the resulting polymers, but a narrow molecular weight distribution was achieved only with CDSPA and high CPDT concentrations. Toxicity was not observed when incubating peritoneal macrophages with polymeric systems. In tumor-bearing rats, the IL-10 concentration was 1.7 times higher and the IL-17 concentration was less than half that of intact rats. Polymeric systems decreased the IL-10 concentration and normalized the IL-17 concentration in tumor-bearing rats. The maximum effect was observed for a MAA homopolymer with a high molecular weight. The anion-active polymers proposed as carrier constituents are promising for further studies and designs of carrier constituents of drug derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Zhukova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Evgenia V. Arkhipova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Tatyana F. Kovaleva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Sergey A. Ryabov
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Irina. P. Ivanova
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Anna A. Golovacheva
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Daria A. Zykova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Sergey D. Zaitsev
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
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Desando G, Bartolotti I, Cattini L, Tschon M, Martini L, Fini M, Schiavinato A, Soranzo C, Grigolo B. Prospects on the Potential In Vitro Regenerative Features of Mechanically Treated-Adipose Tissue for Osteoarthritis Care. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1362-1373. [PMID: 33469783 PMCID: PMC8316247 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gathering a better grasp on the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is demanding among clinicians for osteoarthritis (OA) care because of its promising but multifaceted clinical outcomes. The aim of this preclinical in vitro study was to test whether the mechanical approach with Hy-Tissue SVF system, a class IIa CE marked device of adipose tissue micro-fragmentation, influences the biological features and functions of SVF. We compared mechanical generated-SVF (mSVF) with the enzymatic generated-SVF (eSVF) by testing cell survival, phenotype, differentiation, and paracrine properties using ELISA assays. Both adipose SVF showed 80% viable cells and enrichment for CD-44 marker. The mSVF product preserved the functions of cell populations within the adipose tissue; however, it displayed lowered nucleated cell recovery and CFU-F than eSVF. As for multipotency, mSVF and eSVF showed similar differentiation commitment for osteochondral lineages. Both adipose SVF exhibited an increased release of VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 and PDGF-bb, involved in pathways mediating osteochondral repair and cell migration. Both mSVF and eSVF also displayed high release for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. After in vitro culture, supernatants from both mSVF and eSVF groups showed a low release of cytokines except for IL-10, thereby giving evidence of functional changes after culture expansion. In this study, mSVF showed active cell populations in the adipose tissue comparable to eSVF with excellent survival, differentiation and paracrine properties under a new mechanical adipose tissue micro-fragmentation system; thereby suggesting its potential use as a minimally invasive technique for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desando
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
| | - I Bartolotti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - L Cattini
- Laboratorio di ImmunoReumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - M Tschon
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - L Martini
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - M Fini
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italia
| | - A Schiavinato
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Abano Terme, Padova, 35031, Italy
| | - C Soranzo
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Abano Terme, Padova, 35031, Italy
| | - B Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
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Yu J, Du Q, Hu M, Zhang J, Chen J. Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Moyamoya Disease: Current Situation and Controversial Issues. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720913259. [PMID: 32193953 PMCID: PMC7444216 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720913259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of animal models and difficulty in obtaining specimens, the study of pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) almost stagnated. In recent years, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have attracted more and more attention in vascular diseases due to their important role in neovascularization. With the aid of paradigms and methods in cardiovascular diseases research, people began to explore the role of EPCs in the processing of MMD. In the past decade, studies have shown that abnormalities in cell amounts and functions of EPCs were closely related to the vascular pathological changes in MMD. However, the lack of consistent criteria, such as isolation, cultivation, and identification standards, is also blocking the way forward. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current situation and controversial issues relevant to studies about EPCs in the pathogenesis and etiology of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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