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Mac Sweeney E, Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Sanna C, Bilo F, Maccarinelli G, Popescu VS, Pucci M, Morandini S, Memo M, Uberti DL, Borgese L, Trincia S, Poli F, Mastinu A, Abate G. Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential, Metabolite Composition and Inorganic Profile of Cistus monspeliensis L. Aerial Parts and Roots. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:753. [PMID: 39061822 PMCID: PMC11273841 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on Cistus monspeliensis L. aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) extracts, investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the two organs in comparison. At dosages between 1.56 and 6.25 µg/mL, both extracts showed a protective effect against LPS inflammatory stimulus on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Interestingly, only R was able to significantly reduce both IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA gene expression in the presence of LPS. Moreover, the treatment of a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) with AP and R at 6.25 µg/mL increased the cell survival rate by nearly 20% after H2O2 insult. However, only R promoted mitochondria survival, exhibited a significantly higher production of ATP and a higher activity of the enzyme catalase than the control. Both AP and R had similar primary metabolites; in particular, they both contained 1-O-methyl-epi-inositol. Labdane and methoxylated flavonoids were the most characteristic compounds of AP, while R contained mainly catechins, gallic acid, and pyrogallol derivatives. Considering the importance of elemental composition in plants, the inorganic profile of AP and R was also investigated and compared. No potentially toxic elements, such as Pb, were detected in any sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Mac Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (S.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (S.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Fabjola Bilo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Vlad Sebastian Popescu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Stefania Morandini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Letizia Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Laura Borgese
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Simona Trincia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (S.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (S.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.S.); (G.M.); (V.S.P.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (D.L.U.); (G.A.)
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Karimi F, Karimi-Maleh H, Rouhi J, Zare N, Karaman C, Baghayeri M, Fu L, Rostamnia S, Dragoi EN, Ayati A, Krivoshapkin P. Revolutionizing cancer monitoring with carbon-based electrochemical biosensors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117368. [PMID: 37827366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer monitoring plays a critical role in improving patient outcomes by providing early detection, personalized treatment options, and treatment response tracking. Carbon-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged in recent years as a revolutionary technology with the potential to revolutionize cancer monitoring. These sensors are useful for clinical applications because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response, and compatibility with miniaturized equipment. This review paper gives an in-depth look at the latest developments and the possibilities of carbon-based electrochemical sensors in cancer surveillance. The essential principles of carbon-based electrochemical sensors are discussed, including their structure, operating mechanisms, and critical qualities that make them suited for cancer surveillance. Furthermore, we investigate their applicability in detecting specific cancer biomarkers, evaluating therapy responses, and detecting cancer recurrence early. Additionally, a comparison of carbon-based electrochemical sensor performance measures, including sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and limit of detection, is presented in contrast to existing monitoring methods and upcoming technologies. Finally, we discuss prospective tactics, future initiatives, and commercialization opportunities for improving the capabilities of these sensors and integrating them into normal clinical practice. The review highlights the potential impact of carbon-based electrochemical sensors on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, as well as the importance of ongoing research, collaboration, and validation studies to fully realize their potential in revolutionizing cancer monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jalal Rouhi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51566, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Zare
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ceren Karaman
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Electricity and Energy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Baghayeri
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, PO. B 397, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Sadegh Rostamnia
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), PO Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Niculina Dragoi
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Bld Mangeron No 73, Iasi, 700050, Romania
| | - Ali Ayati
- EnergyLab, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Pavel Krivoshapkin
- EnergyLab, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
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Vieira D, Barralet J, Harvey EJ, Merle G. Detecting the PEX Like Domain of Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) with Therapeutic Conjugated CNTs. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:884. [PMID: 36291022 PMCID: PMC9599479 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential proteins acting directly in the breakdown of the extra cellular matrix and so in cancer invasion and metastasis. Given its impact on tumor angiogenesis, monitoring MMP-14 provides strategic insights on cancer severity and treatment. In this work, we report a new approach to improve the electrochemical interaction of the MMP-14 with the electrode surface while preserving high specificity. This is based on the detection of the hemopexin (PEX) domain of MMP-14, which has a greater availability with a stable and low-cost commercial molecule, as a recognition element. This molecule, called NSC-405020, is specific of the PEX domain of MMP-14 within the binding pocket. Through the covalent grafting of the NSC-405020 molecule on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we were able to detect and quantify MMP-14 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with a linear range of detection of 10 ng⋅mL-1 to 100 ng⋅mL-1, and LOD of 7.5 ng⋅mL-1. The specificity of the inhibitory small molecule was validated against the PEX domain of MMP-1. The inhibitor loaded CNTs system showed as a desirable candidate to become an alternative to the conventional recognition bioelements for the detection of MMP-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Vieira
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada; (D.V.); (J.B.); (E.J.H.)
| | - J. Barralet
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada; (D.V.); (J.B.); (E.J.H.)
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - E. J. Harvey
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada; (D.V.); (J.B.); (E.J.H.)
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - G. Merle
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada; (D.V.); (J.B.); (E.J.H.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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How to Assess the Measurement Performance of Mobile/Wearable Point-of-Care Testing Devices? A Systematic Review Addressing Sweat Analysis. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in technologies for biosensor integration in mobile or wearable devices have highlighted the need for the definition of proper validation procedures and technical standards that enable testing, verification and validation of the overall performance of these solutions. Thus, reliable assessment—in terms of limits of detection/quantitation, linearity, range, analytical and diagnostic sensitivity/specificity, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, cross-reactivity, diagnostic efficiency, and positive/negative prediction—still represents the most critical and challenging aspect required to progress beyond the status of feasibility studies. Considering this picture, this work aims to review and discuss the literature referring to the available methods and criteria reported in the assessment of the performance of point-of-care testing (PoCT) devices within their specific applications. In particular, without losing generality, we focused on mobile or wearable systems able to analyze human sweat. In performing this review, the focus was on the main challenges and trends underlined in the literature, in order to provide specific hints that can be used to set shared procedures and improve the overall reliability of the identified solutions, addressing the importance of sample management, the sensing components, and the electronics. This review can contribute to supporting an effective validation of mobile or wearable PoCT devices and thus to spreading the use of reliable approaches outside hospitals and clinical laboratories.
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Fapanni T, Sardini E, Serpelloni M, Tonello S. 3D Electrochemical Sensor and Microstructuration Using Aerosol Jet Printing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7820. [PMID: 34883822 PMCID: PMC8659431 DOI: 10.3390/s21237820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are attracting great interest for their different applications. To improve their performances, basic research focuses on two main issues: improve their metrological characteristics (e.g., repeatability, reusability and sensitivity) and investigate innovative fabrication processes. In this work, we demonstrate an innovative microstructuration technique aimed at increasing electrochemical sensor sensitivity to improve electrode active area by an innovative fabrication technique. The process is empowered by aerosol jet printing (AJP), an additive-manufacturing and non-contact printing technique that allows depositing functional inks in precise patterns such as parallel lines and grids. The 3D printed microstructures increased the active surface area by up to 130% without changing the substrate occupancy. Further, electrochemical detection of ferro/ferri-cyanide was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the electrodes. This evaluation points out a sensitivity increase of 2.3-fold on average between bare and fully microstructured devices. The increase of surface area and sensitivity are well linearly correlated as expected, verifying the fitness of our production process. The proposed microstructuration is a viable solution for many applications that requires high sensitivity, and the proposed technique, since it does not require masks or complex procedures, turns out to be flexible and applicable to infinite construction geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Fapanni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Emilio Sardini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Serpelloni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarah Tonello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Ji W, Tang X, Du W, Lu Y, Wang N, Wu Q, Wei W, Liu J, Yu H, Ma B, Li L, Huang W. Optical/electrochemical methods for detecting mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:71-127. [PMID: 34792041 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the biological importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the applications of multiple optical/electrochemical approaches to determine energy metabolites. Mitochondria, the main sites of oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis, provide the majority of energy required by aerobic cells for maintaining their physiological activity. They also participate in cell growth, differentiation, information transmission, and apoptosis. Multiple mitochondrial diseases, caused by internal or external factors, including oxidative stress, intense fluctuations of the ionic concentration, abnormal oxidative phosphorylation, changes in electron transport chain complex enzymes and mutations in mitochondrial DNA, can occur during mitochondrial energy metabolism. Therefore, developing accurate, sensitive, and specific methods for the in vivo and in vitro detection of mitochondrial energy metabolites is of great importance. In this review, we summarise the mitochondrial structure, functions, and crucial energy metabolic signalling pathways. The mechanism and applications of different optical/electrochemical methods are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, future research directions and challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Haidong Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Calabria D, Calabretta MM, Zangheri M, Marchegiani E, Trozzi I, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Baggiani C, Mirasoli M. Recent Advancements in Enzyme-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3358. [PMID: 34065971 PMCID: PMC8150770 DOI: 10.3390/s21103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have achieved considerable commercial success and their impact in diagnostics is continuously growing. LFIA results are often obtained by visualizing by the naked eye color changes in given areas, providing a qualitative information about the presence/absence of the target analyte in the sample. However, this platform has the potential to provide ultrasensitive quantitative analysis for several applications. Indeed, LFIA is based on well-established immunological techniques, which have known in the last year great advances due to the combination of highly sensitive tracers, innovative signal amplification strategies and last-generation instrumental detectors. All these available progresses can be applied also to the LFIA platform by adapting them to a portable and miniaturized format. This possibility opens countless strategies for definitively turning the LFIA technique into an ultrasensitive quantitative method. Among the different proposals for achieving this goal, the use of enzyme-based immunoassay is very well known and widespread for routine analysis and it can represent a valid approach for improving LFIA performances. Several examples have been recently reported in literature exploiting enzymes properties and features for obtaining significative advances in this field. In this review, we aim to provide a critical overview of the recent progresses in highly sensitive LFIA detection technologies, involving the exploitation of enzyme-based amplification strategies. The features and applications of the technologies, along with future developments and challenges, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Marchegiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
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QIN S, BAI Y, LIU H. [Methods and applications of single-cell proteomics analysis based on mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2021; 39:142-151. [PMID: 34227347 PMCID: PMC9274836 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.08030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell is the smallest unit of living organisms. Although cells often assemble to serve a common function, intercellular heterogeneity often exists due to different genetic and environmental effects. Therefore, single-cell analysis has been regarded as an indispensable means to investigate cell heterogeneity, especially when researching cell differentiation, disease diagnosis, and therapy. As the chief factors influencing cell and biological activities, proteins have long been a major concern in biochemistry. However, due to their intrinsic lack of amplification characteristics, wide species variety, low abundance, and wide dynamic range, proteins are scarcely studied in single-cell research when compared with other biological macromolecules. Therefore, ultra-sensitive single-cell proteomics analysis methods are urgently required. Among all general measurement techniques, fluorescence methods possess high sensitivity and a capability of dynamic tracing, but low target numbers impose restrictions on their broad application in real "proteomic" studies. Similarly, electrochemical methods adapt to electrochemically active molecules, which miss the majority of proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS), as the core approach of proteomic studies, provides high-sensitivity and high-throughput analysis of proteins together with abundant structural information, which is unique in all the analytical instruments and has made great progress in single-cell proteomic research. Herein, the representative research methods for single-cell proteomics based on MS are reviewed. According to the different protein separation methods used prior to MS analysis, they are divided into three categories, including capillary electrophoresis (CE), liquid chromatography (LC), and direct infusion without the need for separation. First, CE has been widely used in the separation and analysis of complex biological samples owing to its low cost, high analysis speed, and high separation efficiency. Its unique feature is the extraction and transfer of contents from cellular or subcellular regions using capillaries smaller than a single cell size. This sampling method also offers less substrate interference and negligible oxidative damage to the cells. Nonetheless, single-cell analysis based on CE-MS mainly focuses on proteomic studies of large cells because of the considerable sample loss, interface instability, and reproducibility issues. Compared with CE, LC, especially nanoLC, is more widely used in single-cell proteomic research, which mainly depends on its good reproducibility, nanoliter injection volume, low flow rate, low sample loss, and good compatibility with mass spectrometry. In recent years, it has been increasingly applied in the study of large-volume embryos, germ cells, and even somatic cells. More than 1000 proteins have been identified in single HeLa cells using this state-of-the-art single-cell proteomics method. It is worth noting that the single-cell sampling volume based on LC gradually reduces to the nanoliter level, and that the sample loss can be reduced by integrating a series of proteomic sampling processes into small volumes, setting sealing conditions, and reducing washing steps. However, the adequacy of cell lysis, the completeness and efficiency of protein pretreatment, and the labeling of peptide segments are important factors affecting the number and types of protein identification. Compared with protein separation using CE or LC prior to MS analysis, the direct MS analysis, assisted by labelling and signal transformation, eliminates complicated sample pretreatment and simplifies the operation by reducing enzymatic hydrolysis and separation. It also renders higher resolution as well as multi-omics compatibility. So far, the number of proteins detected using this method is limited due to the complexity of the samples. In conclusion, the aspects of throughput, sensitivity, identified protein species, and applications are summarized for each method mentioned above, and the prospect of single-cell proteomic research based on MS in the future is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie QIN
- 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京分子科学国家研究中心, 北京 100871
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu BAI
- 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京分子科学国家研究中心, 北京 100871
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei LIU
- 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 北京分子科学国家研究中心, 北京 100871
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Lanni C, Masi M, Racchi M, Govoni S. Cancer and Alzheimer's disease inverse relationship: an age-associated diverging derailment of shared pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:280-295. [PMID: 32382138 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies show an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is debated whether this association is the consequence of biological mechanisms shared by both these conditions or may be related to the pharmacological treatments carried out on the patients. The latter hypothesis, however, is not sustained by the available evidence. Hence, the focus of this review is to analyze common biological mechanisms for both cancer and AD and to build up a biological theory useful to explain the inverse correlation between AD and cancer. The review proposes a hypothesis, according to which several molecular players, prominently PIN1 and p53, have been investigated and considered involved in complex molecular interactions putatively associated with the inverse correlation. On the other hand, p53 involvement in both diseases seems to be a consequence of the aberrant activation of other proteins. Instead, PIN1 may be identified as a novel key regulator at the crossroad between cancer and AD. PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization, thus regulating the conformation of different protein substrates after phosphorylation and modulating protein function. In particular, trans-conformations of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and tau are functional and "healthy", while cis-conformations, triggered after phosphorylation, are pathogenic. As an example, PIN1 accelerates APP cis-to-trans isomerization thus favoring the non-amyloidogenic pathway, while, in the absence of PIN1, APP is processed through the amyloidogenic pathway, thus predisposing to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, a link between PIN1 and tau regulation has been found, since when PIN1 function is inhibited, tau is hyperphosphorylated. Data from brain specimens of subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment and AD have revealed a very low PIN1 expression. Moreover, polymorphisms in PIN1 promoter correlated with an increased PIN1 expression are associated with a delay of sporadic AD age of onset, while a polymorphism related to a reduced PIN1 expression is associated with a decreased risk of multiple cancers. In the case of dementias, in particular of Alzheimer's disease, new biological markers and targets based on the discussed players can be developed based on a theoretical approach relying on different grounds compared to the past. An unbiased expansion of the rationale and of the targets may help to achieve in the field of neurodegenerative dementias similar advances to those attained in the case of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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10
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Polito L, Guaita A, Albani D, Marizzoni M, Garrafa E, Marengoni A, Forloni G, Frisoni GB, Cummings JL, Memo M, Uberti D. A Conformation Variant of p53 Combined with Machine Learning Identifies Alzheimer Disease in Preclinical and Prodromal Stages. J Pers Med 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 33375220 PMCID: PMC7823360 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crucial starting point in disease management. Blood-based biomarkers could represent a considerable advantage in providing AD-risk information in primary care settings. Here, we report new data for a relatively unknown blood-based biomarker that holds promise for AD diagnosis. We evaluate a p53-misfolding conformation recognized by the antibody 2D3A8, also named Unfolded p53 (U-p532D3A8+), in 375 plasma samples derived from InveCe.Ab and PharmaCog/E-ADNI longitudinal studies. A machine learning approach is used to combine U-p532D3A8+ plasma levels with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and apolipoprotein E epsilon-4 (APOEε4) and is able to predict AD likelihood risk in InveCe.Ab with an overall 86.67% agreement with clinical diagnosis. These algorithms also accurately classify (AUC = 0.92) Aβ+-amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) patients who will develop AD in PharmaCog/E-ADNI, where subjects were stratified according to Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD markers (Aβ42 and p-Tau). Results support U-p532D3A8+ plasma level as a promising additional candidate blood-based biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.V.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marika Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.V.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Letizia Polito
- GolgiCenci Foundation, 20081 Abbiategrasso, Italy; (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Guaita
- GolgiCenci Foundation, 20081 Abbiategrasso, Italy; (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.V.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessandra Marengoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Lombardy, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Jeffrey L. Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) and Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.V.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.V.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
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11
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Sardini E, Serpelloni M, Tonello S. Printed Electrochemical Biosensors: Opportunities and Metrological Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E166. [PMID: 33158129 PMCID: PMC7694196 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Printed electrochemical biosensors have recently gained increasing relevance in fields ranging from basic research to home-based point-of-care. Thus, they represent a unique opportunity to enable low-cost, fast, non-invasive and/or continuous monitoring of cells and biomolecules, exploiting their electrical properties. Printing technologies represent powerful tools to combine simpler and more customizable fabrication of biosensors with high resolution, miniaturization and integration with more complex microfluidic and electronics systems. The metrological aspects of those biosensors, such as sensitivity, repeatability and stability, represent very challenging aspects that are required for the assessment of the sensor itself. This review provides an overview of the opportunities of printed electrochemical biosensors in terms of transducing principles, metrological characteristics and the enlargement of the application field. A critical discussion on metrological challenges is then provided, deepening our understanding of the most promising trends in order to overcome them: printed nanostructures to improve the limit of detection, sensitivity and repeatability; printing strategies to improve organic biosensor integration in biological environments; emerging printing methods for non-conventional substrates; microfluidic dispensing to improve repeatability. Finally, an up-to-date analysis of the most recent examples of printed electrochemical biosensors for the main classes of target analytes (live cells, nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and electrolytes) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Sardini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Serpelloni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarah Tonello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Sandri M, Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111385. [PMID: 33129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several theories have been postulated, trying to explain why and how living organisms age. Despite some controversies and still huge open questions, a growing body of evidence suggest alterations of mitochondrial functionality and redox-homeostasis occur during the ageing process. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction do not represent the cause of ageing per se but they have to be analyzed within the complexity of those series of processes occurring during lifespan. The establishment of a crosstalk among them is a shared common feature of many chronic age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, for which ageing is a major risk factor. The challenge is to understand when and how the interplay between these two systems move towards from normal ageing process to a pathological phenotype. Here in this review, we discuss the crosstalk between mitochondria and cytosolic-ROS. Furthermore, through a visual data mining approach, we attempt to describe the dynamic interplay between mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to an AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory (BODaI-Lab), Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Iglesias-Mayor A, Amor-Gutiérrez O, Novelli A, Fernández-Sánchez MT, Costa-García A, de la Escosura-Muñiz A. Bifunctional Au@Pt/Au core@shell Nanoparticles As Novel Electrocatalytic Tags in Immunosensing: Application for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Detection. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7209-7217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Iglesias-Mayor
- NanoBioAnalysis Group- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez
- NanoBioAnalysis Group- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonello Novelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Doctor Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Fernández-Sánchez
- University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Doctor Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, Doctor Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín Costa-García
- NanoBioAnalysis Group- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- NanoBioAnalysis Group- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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