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Corleis B, Tzouanas CN, Wadsworth MH, Cho JL, Linder AH, Schiff AE, Zessin B, Stei F, Dorhoi A, Dickey AK, Medoff BD, Shalek AK, Kwon DS. Tobacco smoke exposure recruits inflammatory airspace monocytes that establish permissive lung niches for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg3451. [PMID: 38055798 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking doubles the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and accounts for up to 20% of all active TB cases globally. How smoking promotes lung microenvironments permissive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth remains incompletely understood. We investigated primary bronchoalveolar lavage cells from current and never smokers by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and functional assays. We observed the enrichment of immature inflammatory monocytes in the lungs of smokers compared with nonsmokers. These monocytes exhibited phenotypes consistent with recent recruitment from blood, ongoing differentiation, increased activation, and states similar to those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using integrative scRNA-seq and flow cytometry, we identified CD93 as a marker for a subset of these newly recruited smoking-associated lung monocytes and further provided evidence that the recruitment of monocytes into the lung was mediated by CCR2-binding chemokines, including CCL11. We also show that these cells exhibit elevated inflammatory responses upon exposure to Mtb and accelerated intracellular growth of Mtb compared with mature macrophages. This elevated Mtb growth could be inhibited by anti-inflammatory small molecules, providing a connection between smoking-induced pro-inflammatory states and permissiveness to Mtb growth. Our findings suggest a model in which smoking leads to the recruitment of immature inflammatory monocytes from the periphery to the lung, which results in the accumulation of these Mtb-permissive cells in the airway. This work defines how smoking may lead to increased susceptibility to Mtb and identifies host-directed therapies to reduce the burden of TB among those who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Constantine N Tzouanas
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abigail E Schiff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Björn Zessin
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Fabian Stei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Amy K Dickey
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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2
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Konwar C, Asiimwe R, Inkster AM, Merrill SM, Negri GL, Aristizabal MJ, Rider CF, MacIsaac JL, Carlsten C, Kobor MS. Risk-focused differences in molecular processes implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection: corollaries in DNA methylation and gene expression. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:54. [PMID: 34895312 PMCID: PMC8665859 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular basis of susceptibility factors to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global health imperative. It is well-established that males are more likely to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection and exhibit more severe outcomes. Similarly, exposure to air pollutants and pre-existing respiratory chronic conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD) confer an increased risk to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS We investigated molecular patterns associated with risk factors in 398 candidate genes relevant to COVID-19 biology. To accomplish this, we downloaded DNA methylation and gene expression data sets from publicly available repositories (GEO and GTEx Portal) and utilized data from an empirical controlled human exposure study conducted by our team. RESULTS First, we observed sex-biased DNA methylation patterns in autosomal immune genes, such as NLRP2, TLE1, GPX1, and ARRB2 (FDR < 0.05, magnitude of DNA methylation difference Δβ > 0.05). Second, our analysis on the X-linked genes identified sex associated DNA methylation profiles in genes, such as ACE2, CA5B, and HS6ST2 (FDR < 0.05, Δβ > 0.05). These associations were observed across multiple respiratory tissues (lung, nasal epithelia, airway epithelia, and bronchoalveolar lavage) and in whole blood. Some of these genes, such as NLRP2 and CA5B, also exhibited sex-biased gene expression patterns. In addition, we found differential DNA methylation patterns by COVID-19 status for genes, such as NLRP2 and ACE2 in an exploratory analysis of an empirical data set reporting on human COVID-9 infections. Third, we identified modest DNA methylation changes in CpGs associated with PRIM2 and TATDN1 (FDR < 0.1, Δβ > 0.05) in response to particle-depleted diesel exhaust in bronchoalveolar lavage. Finally, we captured a DNA methylation signature associated with COPD diagnosis in a gene involved in nicotine dependence (COMT) (FDR < 0.1, Δβ > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings on sex differences might be of clinical relevance given that they revealed molecular associations of sex-biased differences in COVID-19. Specifically, our results hinted at a potentially exaggerated immune response in males linked to autosomal genes, such as NLRP2. In contrast, our findings at X-linked loci such as ACE2 suggested a potentially distinct DNA methylation pattern in females that may interact with its mRNA expression and inactivation status. We also found tissue-specific DNA methylation differences in response to particulate exposure potentially capturing a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) effect-a contributor to COVID-19 susceptibility. While we identified a molecular signature associated with COPD, all COPD-affected individuals were smokers, which may either reflect an association with the disease, smoking, or may highlight a compounded effect of these two risk factors in COVID-19. Overall, our findings point towards a molecular basis of variation in susceptibility factors that may partly explain disparities in the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaini Konwar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Asiimwe
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Amy M Inkster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- The Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah M Merrill
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Gian L Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Maria J Aristizabal
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
- The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Department of Biology, Queen' University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Julie L MacIsaac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR), 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada.
- Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
- The Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Mastalerz M, Dick E, Chakraborty AA, Hennen E, Schamberger AC, Schröppel A, Lindner M, Hatz R, Behr J, Hilgendorff A, Schmid O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Validation of in vitro models for smoke exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 322:L129-L148. [PMID: 34668416 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The bronchial epithelium is constantly challenged by inhalative insults including cigarette smoke (CS), a key risk factor for lung disease. In vitro exposure of bronchial epithelial cells using CS extract (CSE) is a widespread alternative to whole CS (wCS) exposure. However, CSE exposure protocols vary considerably between studies, precluding direct comparison of applied doses. Moreover, they are rarely validated in terms of physiological response in vivo and the relevance of the findings is often unclear. METHODS We tested six different exposure settings in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs), including five CSE protocols in comparison with wCS exposure. We quantified cell-delivered dose and directly compared all exposures using expression analysis of 10 well-established smoke-induced genes in bronchial epithelial cells. CSE exposure of phBECs was varied in terms of differentiation state, exposure route, duration of exposure, and dose. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Cell type-specific expression of smoke-induced genes was analyzed by immunofluorescent analysis. RESULTS Three surprisingly dissimilar exposure types, namely chronic CSE treatment of differentiating phBECs, acute CSE treatment of submerged basal phBECs, and wCS exposure of differentiated phBECs performed best, resulting in significant upregulation of seven (chronic CSE) and six (acute wCS, acute submerged CSE exposure) out of 10 genes. Acute apical or basolateral exposure of differentiated phBECs with CSE was much less effective despite similar doses used. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide guidance for the design of human in vitro CS exposure models in experimental and translational lung research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mastalerz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ashesh Anjankumar Chakraborty
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hennen
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea C Schamberger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröppel
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Hatz
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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4
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Gordon T, Karey E, Rebuli ME, Escobar Y, Jaspers I, Chi Chen L. E-Cigarette Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:301-322. [PMID: 34555289 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-042921-084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping has surpassed conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States and beyond. This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence of e-cigarette toxicity and deleterious health effects. Adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by several factors, including e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes related to heating, and health of the e-cigarette user (e.g., asthmatic). Federal, state, and local regulations have attempted to govern e-cigarette flavors, manufacturing, distribution, and availability, particularly to underaged youths. However, the evolving e-cigarette landscape continues to impede timely toxicological studies and hinder progress made toward our understanding of the long-term health consequence of e-cigarettes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yael Escobar
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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5
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Perryman A, Speen AM, Kim HYH, Hoffman JR, Clapp PW, Rivera Martin W, Snouwaert JN, Koller BH, Porter NA, Jaspers I. Oxysterols Modify NLRP2 in Epithelial Cells, Identifying a Mediator of Ozone-induced Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:500-512. [PMID: 34126877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0032oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a prevalent air pollutant causing lung inflammation. Previous studies demonstrate that O3 oxidizes lipids, such as cholesterol, in the airway to produce oxysterols, such as secosterol-A (SecoA), which are electrophiles capable of forming covalent linkages preferentially with lysine residues and consequently modify protein function. The breadth of proteins modified by this oxysterol as well as the biological consequences in the lung are unknown. Using an alkynyl-tagged form of SecoA and shotgun proteomics, we identified 135 proteins to be modified bronchial epithelial cells. Among them was NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 2 (NLRP2) forming a SecoA-protein adduct at lysine (K1019) in the terminal leucine-rich-repeat, a known regulatory region for NLR proteins. NLRP2 expression in airway epithelial cells was characterized and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and shRNA knockdown of NLRP2 was used to determine its function in O3-induced inflammation. No evidence for NLPR2 inflammasome formation or NLRP2-dependent increase in caspase-1 activity in response to O3 was observed. O3-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression for CXCL2 and CXCL8/IL8 was further enhanced in NLRP2 knockout cells, suggesting a negative regulatory role. Reconstitution of NLRP2 KO cells with K1019R mutant NLRP2 partially blocked SecoA adduction and enhanced O3-induced IL-8 release as compared to wild type NLRP2. Together, our findings uncover NLRP2 as a highly abundant, key component of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells and as a novel mediator of O3-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Perryman
- University of North Carolina, Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Adam M Speen
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, 314974, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Vanderbilt University, 5718, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jessica R Hoffman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Phillip W Clapp
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - John N Snouwaert
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Ned A Porter
- Vanderbilt University, 5718, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- University of North Carolina, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
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6
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Koo HK, Morrow J, Kachroo P, Tantisira K, Weiss ST, Hersh CP, Silverman EK, DeMeo DL. Sex-specific associations with DNA methylation in lung tissue demonstrate smoking interactions. Epigenetics 2021; 16:692-703. [PMID: 32962511 PMCID: PMC8143227 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1819662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking impacts DNA methylation, but the investigation of sex-specific features of lung tissue DNA methylation in smokers has been limited. Women appear more susceptible to cigarette smoke, and often develop more severe lung disease at an earlier age with less smoke exposure. We aimed to analyse whether there are sex differences in DNA methylation in lung tissue and whether these DNA methylation marks interact with smoking. We collected lung tissue samples from former smokers who underwent lung tissue resection. One hundred thirty samples from white subjects were included for this analysis. Regression models for sex as a predictor of methylation were adjusted for age, presence of COPD, smoking variables and technical batch variables revealed 710 associated sites. 294 sites demonstrated robust sex-specific methylation associations in foetal lung tissue. Pathway analysis identified 6 nominally significant pathways including the mitophagy pathway. Three CpG sites demonstrated a suggested interaction between sex and pack-years of smoking: GPR132, ANKRD44 and C19orf60. All of them were nominally significant in both male- and female-specific models, and the effect estimates were in opposite directions for male and female; GPR132 demonstrated significant association between DNA methylation and gene expression in lung tissue (P < 0.05). Sex-specific associations with DNA methylation in lung tissue are wide-spread and may reveal genes and pathways relevant to sex differences for lung damaging effects of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Kyoung Koo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jarrett Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, Dorscheid DR, Sin DD. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00688-2020. [PMID: 32269089 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.18.20038455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Smokers and those with COPD have increased airway expression of ACE-2, which is the entry receptor for the COVID-19 virus. This may explain the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in these subpopulations and highlight the importance of smoking cessation. https://bit.ly/3bC29es
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chen X Yang
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Tam
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tawimas Shaipanich
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K Singhera
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Delbert R Dorscheid
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, Dorscheid DR, Sin DD. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:2000688. [PMID: 32269089 PMCID: PMC7144263 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00688-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic [1]. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 displays symptoms ranging from mild to severe (pneumonia) that can lead to death in some individuals [2–4]. As of 18 April 2020, there have been 2 280 945 cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 156 354 deaths [5]. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) as the cellular entry receptor [6]. While the virus can infect individuals of any age, to date, most of the severe cases have been described in those >55 years of age and with significant comorbidities, such as COPD [7]. Here, we determined whether patients with COPD have increased expression of ACE-2 in bronchial epithelial cells in the lower respiratory tract. Smokers and those with COPD have increased airway expression of ACE-2, which is the entry receptor for the COVID-19 virus. This may explain the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in these subpopulations and highlight the importance of smoking cessation. https://bit.ly/3bC29es
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chen X Yang
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Tam
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tawimas Shaipanich
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K Singhera
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Delbert R Dorscheid
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, Dorscheid DR, Sin DD. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020. [PMID: 32269089 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00688‐2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chen X Yang
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Tam
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tawimas Shaipanich
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K Singhera
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Delbert R Dorscheid
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada .,Dept of Medicine (Division of Respirology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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