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Kurek M, Ščetar M, Nuskol M, Janči T, Tanksoić M, Klepac D, Čakić Semenčić M, Galić K. Assessment of Chitosan/Gelatin Blend Enriched with Natural Antioxidants for Antioxidant Packaging of Fish Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:707. [PMID: 38929146 PMCID: PMC11200781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, bio-based films were developed using polyelectrolyte complexes derived from chitosan and gelatin for packaging fish oil. To further enhance the antioxidant functionality, the films were enriched with gallic acid and orange essential oils, either individually or in combination. Initially, the films were characterized for their physico-chemical, optical, surface, and barrier properties. Subsequently, the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the films were assessed. Finally, the films were tested as antioxidant cover lids for packaging fish oil, which was then stored at ambient temperature for 30 days, with periodical monitoring of oil oxidation parameters. This study revealed that the inclusion of gallic acid-induced possible crosslinking effects, as evidenced by changes in moisture content, solubility, and liquid absorption. Additionally, shifts in the FTIR spectral bands suggested the binding of gallic acid and/or phenols in orange essential oils to CSGEL polymer chains, with noticeable alterations in film coloration. Notably, films containing gallic acid exhibited enhanced UV barrier properties crucial for preserving UV-degradable food compounds. Moreover, formulations with gallic acid demonstrated decreased water vapor permeability, while samples containing orange essential oils had lower CO2 permeability levels. Importantly, formulations containing both gallic acid and essential oils showed a synergistic effect and a significant antioxidant capacity, with remarkable DPPH inhibition rates of up to 88%. During the 30-day storage period, fish oil experienced progressive oxidation, as indicated by an increase in the K232 value in control samples. However, films incorporating gallic acid or orange essential oils as active antioxidants, even used as indirect food contact, effectively delayed the oxidation, highlighting their protective benefits. This study underscores the potential of sustainable bio-based films as natural antioxidant packaging for edible fish oil or fresh fish, offering a promising tool for enhancing food preservation while reducing its waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Kurek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Mario Ščetar
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Marko Nuskol
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Tibor Janči
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Marija Tanksoić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Damir Klepac
- Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Mojca Čakić Semenčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Kata Galić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (M.N.); (T.J.); (M.T.); (M.Č.S.); (K.G.)
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Goforth M, Cooper MA, Oliver AS, Pinzon J, Skots M, Obergh V, Suslow TV, Flores GE, Huynh S, Parker CT, Mackelprang R, Cooper KK. Bacterial community shifts of commercial apples, oranges, and peaches at different harvest points across multiple growing seasons. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297453. [PMID: 38625898 PMCID: PMC11020611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing the microbes present on tree fruit carpospheres as the fruit enters postharvest processing could have useful applications, as these microbes could have a major influence on spoilage, food safety, verification of packing process controls, or other aspects of processing. The goal of this study was to establish a baseline profile of bacterial communities associated with apple (pome fruit), peach (stone fruit), and Navel orange (citrus fruit) at harvest. We found that commercial peaches had the greatest bacterial richness followed by oranges then apples. Time of harvest significantly changed bacterial diversity in oranges and peaches, but not apples. Shifts in diversity varied by fruit type, where 70% of the variability in beta diversity on the apple carposphere was driven by the gain and loss of species (i.e., nestedness). The peach and orange carposphere bacterial community shifts were driven by nearly an even split between turnover (species replacement) and nestedness. We identified a small core microbiome for apples across and between growing seasons that included only Methylobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae among the samples, while peaches had a larger core microbiome composed of five bacterial families: Bacillaceae, Geodermtophilaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Micrococcaeceae, and Trueperaceae. There was a relatively diverse core microbiome for oranges that shared all the families present on apples and peaches, except for Trueperaceae, but also included an additional nine bacterial families not shared including Oxalobacteraceae, Cytophagaceae, and Comamonadaceae. Overall, our findings illustrate the important temporal dynamics of bacterial communities found on major commercial tree fruit, but also the core bacterial families that constantly remain with both implications being important entering postharvest packing and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Goforth
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Margarethe A. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Oliver
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Janneth Pinzon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mariya Skots
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria Obergh
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Trevor V. Suslow
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gilberto E. Flores
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Mackelprang
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Williams L, Hatton FL, Righetti MC, Mele E. Investigating How the Properties of Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) Fibres Loaded with the Essential Oil Limonene Evolve over Time under Different Storage Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1005. [PMID: 38611263 PMCID: PMC11013927 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have been identified as effective natural compounds to prevent bacterial infections and thus are widely proposed as bioactive agents for biomedical applications. Across the literature, various essential oils have been incorporated into electrospun fibres to produce materials with, among others, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. However, limited research has been conducted so far on the effect of these chemical products on the physical characteristics of the resulting composite fibres for extended periods of time. Within this work, electrospun fibres of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were loaded with the essential oil limonene, and the impact of storage conditions and duration (up to 12 weeks) on the thermal degradation, glass transition temperature and mechanical response of the fibrous mats were investigated. It was found that the concentration of the encapsulated limonene changed over time and thus the properties of the PLA-limonene fibres evolved, particularly in the first two weeks of storage (independently from storage conditions). The amount of limonene retained within the fibres, even 4 weeks after fibre generation, was effective to successfully inhibit the growth of model microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The results of this work demonstrate the importance of evaluating physical properties during the ageing of electrospun fibres encapsulating essential oils, in order to predict performance modification when the composite fibres are used as constituents of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Williams
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Elisa Mele
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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Girard C, Chabrillat T, Kerros S, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Essential oils mix effect on chicks ileal and caecal microbiota modulation: a metagenomics sequencing approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1350151. [PMID: 38638639 PMCID: PMC11025455 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1350151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiota plays a pivotal role in promoting the health and wellbeing of poultry. Essential oils (EOs) serve as an alternative solution for modulating poultry microbiota. This study aimed to investigate, using amplicon sequencing, the effect of a complex and well-defined combination of EOs feed supplement on both ileal and caecal broiler microbiota, within the context of Salmonella and Campylobacter intestinal colonization. Material and methods For this experiment, 150-day-old Ross chicks were randomly allocated to two groups: T+ (feed supplementation with EO mix 500 g/t) and T- (non-supplemented). At day 7, 30 birds from each group were orally inoculated with 106 CFU/bird of a Salmonella enteritidis and transferred to the second room, forming the following groups: TS+ (30 challenged birds receiving infeed EO mix at 500g/t) and TS- (30 challenged birds receiving a non-supplemented control feed). At day 14, the remaining birds in the first room were orally inoculated with 103 CFU/bird of two strains of Campylobacter jejuni, resulting in the formation of groups T+C+ and T-C+. Birds were sacrificed at day 7, D10, D14, D17, and D21. Ileal and caecal microbiota samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. At D7 and D14, ileal alpha diversity was higher for treated birds (p <0.05). Results and discussion No significant differences between groups were observed in caecal alpha diversity (p>0.05). The ileal beta diversity exhibited differences between groups at D7 (p < 0.008), D10 (p = 0.029), D14 (p = 0.001) and D17 (p = 0.018), but not at D21 (p = 0.54). For all time points, the analysis indicated that 6 biomarkers were negatively impacted, while 10 biomarkers were positively impacted. Sellimonas and Weissella returned the lowest (negative) and highest (positive) coefficient, respectively. At each time point, treatments influenced caecal microbiota beta diversity (p < 0.001); 31 genera were associated with T+: 10 Ruminoccocaceae genera were alternatively more abundant and less abundant from D7, 7 Lachnospiraceae genera were alternatively more and less abundant from D10, 6 Oscillospiraceae genera were variable depending on the date and 4 Enterobacteriaceae differed from D7. During all the experiment, Campylobacter decreased in treated birds (p < 0.05). This study showed that EO mix modulates ileal and caecal microbiota composition both before and during challenge conditions, increasing alpha diversity, especially in ileum during the early stages of chick life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philippe Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Meroni G, Laterza G, Tsikopoulos A, Tsikopoulos K, Vitalini S, Scaglia B, Iriti M, Bonizzi L, Martino PA, Soggiu A. Antibacterial Potential of Essential Oils and Silver Nanoparticles against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates. Pathogens 2024; 13:156. [PMID: 38392894 PMCID: PMC10893185 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an emergent zoonotic agent associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). This work aimed to describe the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against 15 S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from pyoderma. The four EOs, namely Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), Juniperus communis (GI), Citrus sinensis (AR), and Abies alba (AB), and AgNPs were used alone and in combination to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All strains were MDR and methicillin-resistant. Among the antibiotic cohort, only rifampicin, doxycycline, and amikacin were effective. EOs' chemical analysis revealed 124 compounds belonging to various chemical classes. Of them, 35 were found in AR, 75 in AB, 77 in GI, and 57 in RO. The monoterpenic fraction prevailed over the sesquiterpenic in all EOs. When EOs were tested alone, AB showed the lowest MIC followed by GI, AR, and RO (with values ranging from 1:128 to 1:2048). MBC increased in the following order: AB, AR, GI, and RO (with values ranging from 1:512 to 1:2048). MIC and MBC values for AgNPs were 10.74 mg/L ± 4.23 and 261.05 mg/L ± 172.74. In conclusion, EOs and AgNPs could limit the use of antibiotics or improve the efficacy of conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meroni
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Laterza
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexios Tsikopoulos
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsikopoulos
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Sara Vitalini
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Barbara Scaglia
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marcello Iriti
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (M.I.); (L.B.); (P.A.M.); (A.S.)
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Uehara A, Maekawa M, Nakagawa K. Enhanced intestinal barrier function as the mechanism of antibiotic growth promoters in feed additives. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1381-1392. [PMID: 37704399 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are a cost-effective tool for improving livestock productivity. However, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have emerged, and the search for alternatives to AGPs has consequently intensified. To identify these alternatives without the risk of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to determine the mechanism of action of AGPs and, subsequently, search for compounds with similar properties. We investigated the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and intestinal barrier function of several AGPs using epithelial and immune cells. At the minimum administered dose of antibiotics, which effectively function as a growth promoter, the mechanism of action is to enhance the intestinal barrier function, but not the antimicrobial activity as determined using Dunnett's test (n = 3, P < .05). Inflammatory response was dependent on the combination of antibiotics (100 µmol/L) and immune cells. The results suggest that future studies should screen for nonantibiotic compounds that ameliorate intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Uehara
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Maekawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakagawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
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Abdel Samad R, El Darra N, Al Khatib A, Chacra HA, Jammoul A, Raafat K. Novel dual-function GC/MS aided ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation for the valorization of Citrus sinensis by-products: phytochemical analysis and anti-bacterial activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12547. [PMID: 37532740 PMCID: PMC10397203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A huge-amount of citrus by-products is being wasted every-year. There is a high-need to utilize these by-products with high-efficiency. This study focuses on the essential oil (EO) isolation from the zest of Citrus sinensis (CS) by-products, using a novel dual-function gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry optimized ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation-prototype (DF-GC/MS-HUS). The CS-EO was GC-analyzed by MS-detector (GC/MS) and optimized by flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). Ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (HUS) had a dual-function in CS-EO isolation by utilizing an adequate-energy to break-open the oil-containing glands, and by functioning-as a dispersing-agent to emulsify the organic-phase. The most effective DF-GC/MS-HUS optimized-conditions were isolation under 38 °C and 10 min of 28.9 Hz sonication. The main-components of CS-EO were limonene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene (81.32%, 7.55%, and 4.20%) in prototype, compared to (60.23%, 5.33%, and 2.10%) in the conventional-method, respectively. The prototype CS-EO showed natural antibacterial-potentials, and inhibited the bio-film formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli more-potent than the conventional-method. Compared to conventional-method, the prototype-method decreased the isolation-time by 83.3%, lowered energy-consumption, without carbon-dioxide production, by reducing isolation-temperatures by more-than half, which protected the thermolabile-components, and increased the quantity by 2514-folds, and improved the quality of CE-EO composition and its antibacterial-potentials. Therefore, the DF-GC/MS-HUS prototype method is considered a novel green-technique that minimized the energy-utilization with higher-efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudaina Abdel Samad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tarik El Jedidah, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box: 115020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Darra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tarik El Jedidah, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box: 115020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Alissar Al Khatib
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tarik El Jedidah, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box: 115020, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou Chacra
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Faculty of Engineering, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adla Jammoul
- Food Department, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 2611, Fanar, Beirut, 1107 2809, Lebanon
- Phytopharmacy Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture of Lebanon, Kfarchima, Lebanon
| | - Karim Raafat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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ALaqeel NK. Antioxidants from different citrus peels provide protection against cancer. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e271619. [PMID: 37436265 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Despite significant advancements in the discovery of medications for the treatment of cancer, these drugs are hindered by applicability and efficacy issues and frequently exhibit major side effects that can further impair patients 'quality of life. Therefore, the development of therapeutically sound anti-cancer medicines derived from natural products has gained prominence in the field of functional foods. Some of these compounds have shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as low toxicity. Additionally, many recent studies have explored the recycling of agro-industrial waste to create bioactive chemicals. Citrus peels are produced in vast quantities in the food processing sector; due to their abundance of flavonoids, they may be inexpensive sources of protection against several cancers. Citrus is a common type of fruit that contains a variety of nutrients. In particular, the antioxidant chemicals found in citrus peel have been identified as potential cancer-fighting agents. Antioxidant substances such as flavonoids prevent the development of cancer by inhibiting the metastatic cascade, decreasing the mobility of cancer cells in the circulatory system, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis. To explore the most effective uses of citrus peel-derived antioxidants, this review presents background information, an overview of the role of citrus antioxidants in cancer therapy, and a discussion of the key underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Khalifa ALaqeel
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Application of essential oils as sanitizer alternatives on the postharvest washing of fresh produce. Food Chem 2023; 407:135101. [PMID: 36481474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Growers commonly wash fresh produce with chemical sanitizers during postharvest handling. However, these sanitizers can be harsh to washing systems and pose a health risk to workers. Essential oils (EOs) can be used as alternatives to chemical sanitizers in produce washing. Previous studies reveal that the EOs from thyme, oregano, cinnamon, and clove are the main EOs evaluated in the studies as potential sanitizers for the washing of produce. The use of EOs and surfactants, such as tween80 and cetylpyridinium chloride, might be used to improve the antimicrobial activity of emulsions. However, studies are still required to evaluate the potential effect of different chemical components of EOs and preparations. Also, it is recommended that researchers focus on overcoming obstacles regarding EOs application in washing systems, including the high levels of EO required to reduce bacterial growth, undesired organoleptic impact on produce, and the poor solubility of EOs in aqueous solution.
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Ran R, Zheng T, Tang P, Xiong Y, Yang C, Gu M, Li G. Antioxidant and antimicrobial collagen films incorporating Pickering emulsions of cinnamon essential oil for pork preservation. Food Chem 2023; 420:136108. [PMID: 37060665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon essential oil (CEO)-based Pickering emulsions were prepared using chitosan (CS) and soy protein isolate (SPI) colloid particles as stabilizers and genipin as cross-linker. Pickering emulsions have smaller particle sizes, higher stability, and encapsulation efficiency at a CS:SPI ratio of 1:4. The Pickering emulsion-modified collagen films showed enhanced thermal stability, UV-blocking properties, and water resistance. In addition, the antioxidant (DPPH scavenging activity, 18.35%-50.59%) and antimicrobial activities (inhibition zone, Escherichia coli, 0-1.85 cm; Staphylococcus aureus, 0-1.57 cm; Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0-1.34 cm) of the films were improved due to the sustained release of CEO, with the release kinetics following the Fickian diffusion of the Ritger-Peppas model. When the functionalized film was used for pork preservation, a four-day extension of shelf life was observed. Collectively, our findings suggest that Pickering emulsions provide great potential for the application of collagen film in pork preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Ran
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Pingping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yongming Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Changkai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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11
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Jörgensen AM, Wibel R, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Biodegradable Cationic and Ionizable Cationic Lipids: A Roadmap for Safer Pharmaceutical Excipients. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206968. [PMID: 36610004 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cationic and ionizable cationic lipids are broadly applied as auxiliary agents, but their use is associated with adverse effects. If these excipients are rapidly degraded to endogenously occurring metabolites such as amino acids and fatty acids, their toxic potential can be minimized. So far, synthesized and evaluated biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids already showed promising results in terms of functionality and safety. Within this review, an overview about the different types of such biodegradable lipids, the available building blocks, their synthesis and cleavage by endogenous enzymes is provided. Moreover, the relationship between the structure of the lipids and their toxicity is described. Their application in drug delivery systems is critically discussed and placed in context with the lead compounds used in mRNA vaccines. Moreover, their use as preservatives is reviewed, guidance for their design is provided, and an outlook on future developments is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Wibel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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12
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Ruiz-Duran J, Torres R, Stashenko EE, Ortiz C. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Colombian Essential Oils against Different Candida Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040668. [PMID: 37107030 PMCID: PMC10135359 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Most Candida species are opportunistic pathogens with the ability to form biofilms, which increases their resistance to antifungal drug therapies and the host immune response. Essential oils (EOs) are an alternative for developing new antimicrobial drugs, due to their broad effect on cellular viability, cell communication, and metabolism. In this work, we evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of fifty EOs on C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and Candida auris CDC B11903. The EOs’ antifungal activity was measured by means of a broth microdilution technique to determine the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MICs/MFCs) against the different Candida spp. strains. The effects on biofilm formation were determined by a crystal violet assay using 96-well round-bottom microplates incubated for 48 h at 35 °C. The EOs from Lippia alba (Verbenaceae family) carvone-limonene chemotype and L. origanoides exhibited the highest antifungal activity against C. auris. The L. origanoides EOs also presented antifungal and antibiofilm activity against all three Candida spp., thus representing a promising alternative for developing new antifungal products focused on yeast infections, especially those related to biofilm formation, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance.
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13
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W Hawas U, El-Ansari MA, Osman AF, Galal AF, Abou El-Kassem LT. Flavonoid constituents and protective efficacy of Citrus reticulate (Blanco) leaves ethanolic extract on thioacetamide-induced liver injury rats. Biomarkers 2023; 28:160-167. [PMID: 36420657 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2151645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Context: Oxidative stress leads to deleterious processes in the liver that resulted in liver diseases.Objective: To evaluate antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic leaves extract of Citrus reticulate against hepatic dysfunction induced by thioacetamide (TAA).Materials and Methods: Flavonoid constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract by chromatographic techniques and identified by the spectroscopic analyses. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH assay. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats via intraperitoneal injection of TAA and the ethanol extract was orally administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Serum biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatic hydroxyproline levels, and histopathology were examined.Results: Ten known flavonoids were identified, among of them, 6,3`-dimethoxyluteolin and 8,3`-dimethoxyluteolin possessed the highest antioxidant activity. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of ALT, ALP, and bilirubin were found to be restored towards normalisation significantly by the plant extract. Furthermore, the markers including MDA, GSH, SOD, NO, and protein carbonyl which were close to oxidative damage, were restored. Meanwhile, the extract treatment decreased TNF-α level and also was able to reverse the induced fibrosis by significantly reducing the hydroxyproline content. Moreover, histopathological studies further substantiate the protective effect of the extract.Conclusion: C. reticulate leaves extract is a rich source of phytochemicals with in vitro and in vivo protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama W Hawas
- Marine Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Ansari
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer F Osman
- Chemistry of Natural compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamia T Abou El-Kassem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Gao Z, Jiang S, Zhong W, Liu T, Guo J. Linalool controls the viability of Escherichia coli by regulating the synthesis and modification of lipopolysaccharide, the assembly of ribosome, and the expression of substrate transporting proteins. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112337. [PMID: 36737930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacterium and some pathogenic types may cause serious diseases, foods or food environments were the primary routes for its infection. Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., a variety of sour orange, were used as a kind of non-conventional edible plant in China, but its antimicrobial activity and mechanisms were not well studied. Thus, in this study, EO from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAEO) were studied as a kind of natural antimicrobial agent to control E. coli, our results showed that both of CAEO and its main component (linalool) exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy. Further, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were carried out to explore cell response under linalool treatment and the main results included: (1) The synthesis and modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly influenced. (2) Ribosomal assembly and protein synthesis were significantly inhibited. (3) The expression of proteins related to the uptake of several essential substances was significantly changed. In all, our results would supply a theoretical basis for the proper use of CAEO and linalool as a promising antimicrobial agent to prevent and control E. coli infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Gao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Sifan Jiang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan Province, China.
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15
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Mollea C, Bosco F, Fissore D. Agar Plate Methods for Assessing the Antibacterial Activity of Thyme and Oregano Essential Oils against S. epidermidis and E. coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121809. [PMID: 36551466 PMCID: PMC9774300 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance to antimicrobials (AMR), especially antibiotics, represents a serious problem and, at the same time, a challenge. In the last decade, a growing interest in the use of essential oils (EOs) as antimicrobial substances was observed. Commercial thyme and oregano EOs are reported to be the main responsible of the oil antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the present work was to study the efficacy of EOs against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli in long-time treatments. In a preliminary microdilution test, a MIC value was obtained for thyme EO against S. epidermidis and E. coli. After that, disk diffusion and disk volatilization tests were set up to study the influence of main cultural parameters on EO activity in liquid or vapor phase. Both bacteria were inhibited by thyme and oregano EOs when applied pure (100% v/v) or diluted (75% and 50% v/v): a higher inhibition was observed in a disk diffusion test in which the antimicrobial effect was due to both liquid and vapor phase components. Finally, a comparison with literature data was carried out even if it was not so easy because standard methods are usually modified and adapted to specific case study. For this reason, the results have to be interpreted in relation to the analytical method applied.
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16
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Zeng Y, Dai X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Gifty ZB, Sun W, Tang Z. Effect of Dietary Pomelo Peel Powder on Growth Performance, Diarrhea, Immune Function, Antioxidant Function, Ileum Morphology, and Colonic Microflora of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223216. [PMID: 36428442 PMCID: PMC9687033 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial evaluated how dietary-accommodated pomelo peel powder (PPP) affected average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), diarrhea, antioxidation, and colonic microbial in weaned piglets. Thirty piglets weaned at 28 d were divided into three groups: a basal diet (CON); a CON containing 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC); and a CON containing 8 g/kg (PPP). This trial had a period of 28 days. Piglets supplemented with PPP had higher ADFI and ADG than piglets in CTC and CON (p < 0.05). The diarrhea rate in PPP and CTC was lower than in CON in the 3rd and 4th weeks (p < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, and total antioxidant capacity in PPP were higher than those in CON (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)-4, insulin-like growth factor-I, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, and IgG concentrations in the PPP and CTC groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ concentrations and the cecal pH in PPP were lower than those in CON (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IgA concentrations of piglets in PPP were lower than in CTC (p < 0.05). The villus height and villus height/crypt depth of the ileum of piglets in PPP and CTC were higher than those in CON (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between PPP and CTC (p > 0.05). The Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria relative abundances in PPP and CTC (p < 0.05) were lower than those in CON, whereas the Bacteroidetes relative abundances in PPP and CTC were higher than those in CON. The Prevotellaceae relative abundance in CTC was higher than in CON (p < 0.05), whereas the Lactobacillaceae relative abundance in CTC was lower than in CON (p < 0.05). The Ruminococcaceae relative abundance in PPP was higher than in CON (p < 0.05), whereas the Veillonellaceae relative abundance in PPP was lower than in CON (p < 0.05). PPP can improve ADFI and ADG, relieve diarrhea, and enhance the colonic microflora of weaned piglets. Therefore, PPP is expected to replace CTC as a feed additive to alleviate weaning stress and ensure normal growth and development of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Xinrui Dai
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingju Chen
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Ziema Bumbie Gifty
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1399-6192-900
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17
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Dudek-Wicher R, Junka AF, Migdał P, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Wzorek A, Bartoszewicz M. The antibiofilm activity of selected substances used in oral health prophylaxis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:509. [DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOral health is a window to a patient’s general well-being. Balance in oral microbiome functions is crucial for health maintenance. A state of oral dysbiosis may lead to a variety of local and systemic pathological conditions. The presence of dental plaque is related to the majority of oral infections. Proper oral hygiene is crucial and the most economic practice contributing to oral health prophylaxis. Aside from prophylactic treatments provided by dental practitioners, mouth rinses, containing antimicrobial agents, are one of the possible tools used for oral care. Our study was to determine whether available mouth rinses and selected products dedicated for professional use are efficient to eradicate biofilm formed by reference and clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Candida albicans on the surface of hydroxyapatite – major mineral component of a tooth. Therefore, such antimicrobials as chlorhexidine, cetylpyridine chloride, polyhexanide, silver nanoparticles, sulphonated phenolics, and natural antiplaque essential oils and coconut oil were analyzed. Applied experimental settings in in vitro models were designed to reflect accurately the recommended use of the tested substances, therefore four types of eradication procedure were conducted. Sialorrhea simulation was also performed to evaluate antibiofilm potential of diluted mouth rinses. Biofilm was investigated with quantitative method where absorbance values were measured. Statistical differences were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with a post-hoc Dunnett’s analysis. Results have shown that biofilms displayed a diversified sensitivity to the tested antimicrobials. The highest antibiofilm activity was detected for cetylpyridine chloride while the lowest for chlorhexidine. However the differences in E. faecalis biofilm reduction observed after the use of these two compounds were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), whereas all observed differences in S. aureus survival after exposure to the examined antimicrobial agents were statistically significant (p < 0.5). The PHMB, both in standard and in sialorrhea simulated conditions had the highest potential against streptococci. The coconut oil reduced C. albicans fungus biofilm by 65.48% but low eradication level was observed in case of bacterial biofilms. The dehydrating mechanism of action of sulfonated phenolics turned out to be ineffective against streptococcal biofilm which in turn was effectively eradicated by silver nanoparticles. The implementation of Antibiofilm Dressing's Activity Measurement method allowed to observe strain-related differences in terms of antimicrobial sensitivity. The obtained results may be introduced in everyday out-patient dental plaque prophylaxis as well as clinical environment.
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18
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Li Y, Liu S, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Nie D, Tang W, Li Y. The Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Citrus Essential Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207044. [PMID: 36296637 PMCID: PMC9607008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing concerns over the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production has prompted the need to explore the use of natural alternatives such as phytogenic compounds and probiotics. Citrus EOs have the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics in animals. The purpose of this research was to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of five citrus EOs, grapefruit essential oil (GEO), sweet orange EO (SEO), bergamot EO (BEO), lemon EO (LEO) and their active component d-limonene EO (DLEO). The chemical composition of EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activities of the EOs on three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Lactobacillus acidophilus) were tested by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zone diameter (IZD). The antioxidant activities of EOs were evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS. We found that the active components of the five citrus EOs were mainly terpenes, and the content of d-limonene was the highest. The antibacterial test showed that citrus EOs had selective antibacterial activity, and the LEO had the best selective antibacterial activity. Similarly, the LEO had the best scavenging ability for DPPH radicals, and DLEO had the best scavenging ability for ABTS. Although the main compound of the five citrus EOs was d-limonene, the selective antibacterial and antioxidant activity of them might not be primarily attributed to the d-limonene, but some other compounds’ combined action.
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19
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Ambrosio CMS, Alvim ID, Wen C, Gómez Expósito R, Aalvink S, Contreras Castillo CJ, Da Gloria EM, Smidt H. Exploring the effect of a microencapsulated citrus essential oil on in vitro fermentation kinetics of pig gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952706. [PMID: 36106076 PMCID: PMC9465239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as a potential alternative to antibiotics in pig breeding due to their antimicrobial properties. Citrus EOs, a common by-product of the orange juice industry, can be an interesting alternative from a financial perspective due to their huge offer in the global market. Thus, the effect of a citrus EO, and specifically different formulations of Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT), on pig gut microbiota was evaluated by means of an in vitro fermentation model simulating different sections of the pig gut (stomach, ileum, and colon). Treatments consisted in: BOT in its unprotected form (BOT, 1.85 and 3.70 mg/mL), microencapsulated BOT (MBOT, 3.50 and 7.00 mg/mL), colistin (2 μg/mL), and a control. BOT and MBOT altered in a similar way the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies in the stomach only from 18 h of incubation onwards, and no metabolite production in terms of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was detected. In ileal and colonic fermentations, BOT and MBOT affected ileal and colonic microbiota in terms of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies, reduced phylogenetic diversity, and altered composition (p < 0.05) as evidenced by the significant reduction of certain bacterial taxa. However, more pronounced effects were found for MBOT, indicating its higher antimicrobial effects compared to the unprotected BOT, and suggesting that the antibacterial efficiency of the unprotected BOT was probably enhanced by microencapsulation. Furthermore, MBOT stimulated lactate production in ileal fermentations and greatly stimulated overall SCFA production in colonic fermentations. This indicates that besides the shifts in ileal and colonic microbiota by the delivered EO (BOT), the wall material of microcapsules (chitosan/modified starch) might have worked as an additional carbon source with prebiotic functioning, stimulating growth and metabolic activity (SCFAs) of colonic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. S. Ambrosio
- Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Responsabilidad Social, Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN), Trujillo, Peru
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carmen M. S. Ambrosio
| | - Izabella D. Alvim
- Technology Center of Cereal and Chocolate, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruth Gómez Expósito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S. A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carmen J. Contreras Castillo
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Da Gloria
- Department of Biological Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Hauke Smidt
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20
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Rabiee N, Ghadiri AM, Alinezhad V, Sedaghat A, Ahmadi S, Fatahi Y, Makvandi P, Saeb MR, Bagherzadeh M, Asadnia M, Varma RS, Lima EC. Synthesis of green benzamide-decorated UiO-66-NH 2 for biomedical applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134359. [PMID: 35318020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) biocompatible systems can host enzymes/bacteria/viruses. Herein we synthesized a series of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-decorated UiO-66-NH2 based on Citrus tangerine leaf extract for drug delivery and biosensor applications. Five chemically manipulated FAAH-like benzamides were localized on the UiO-66-NH2 surface with physical interactions. Comprehensive cellular and molecular analyses were conducted on HEK-293, HeLa, HepG2, PC12, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines (cytotoxicity assessment after 24 and 48 h). MTT results proved above 95 and 50% relative cell viability in the absence and presence of the drug, respectively. A complete targeted drug-releasing capability of nanocarriers was demonstrated after capping with leaf extract from Citrus tangerine, with a stimuli-responsive effect in acidic media. Targeted delivery was complete to the nucleus and cytoplasm of HT-29 cell, but merely to the cytoplasm of HeLa cell lines. Nanocarrier could be targeted for drug delivery to the cytoplasm of the HeLa cell line and to both the nucleus and cytoplasm of HT-29 cell lines. MOF-based nanocarriers proved authentic in vivo towards kidney and liver tissues with targeted cancerous cells efficiently. Besides, FAAH-like molecules revealed optical biosensor potential with high selectivity (even ˂5 nM LOD) towards ssDNA, sgRNA, and Anti-cas9 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Iran; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | | | - Vida Alinezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Sedaghat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Postal Box, 15003, ZIP, 91501-970, Brazil.
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21
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Zhao C, Zhang Z, Nie D, Li Y. Protective Effect of Lemon Essential Oil and Its Major Active Component, D-Limonene, on Intestinal Injury and Inflammation of E. coli-Challenged Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:843096. [PMID: 35719143 PMCID: PMC9201525 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are a major threat to public health. Natural plant essential oils (EOs) possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mode of action of lemon essential oil (LEO), and its main active component, d-limonene, with different doses on intestinal inflammation of mice. Sixty-four 5-week-old male balb/c mice weighing 22.0 ± 1.5 g were randomly assigned into one of 8 treatments (n = 8/treatment), including normal saline group (NS), Escherichia coli (E. coli) group, and either LEO and d-limonene essential oil (DEO) group supplemented at 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg of BW, respectively. After the pre-feeding period, the mice were fasted for 12 h, the mice in the NS group and the E. coli group were gavaged with normal saline, and the mice in the LEO group and DEO group were gavaged with respective dose of EOs for 1 week. One hour after the end of gavage on the 7th day, except that the mice in the normal saline group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, the mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same concentration of E. coli (108 cfu/ml, 0.15 ml per mouse). The antioxidant indexes were measured including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in plasma obtained by taking blood from mouse eyeballs. The inflammatory indexes were measured including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma. The tight junction protein indicators were tested include zona occludens 1 protein (ZO-1), occludin and claudin in mouse duodenum. We found that all of the above indexes for E. coli group were different (P< 0.05) with the NS group. The interaction of EO and dose (E × D) were significant (P < 0.01) for all of the indexes. In addition, LEO at 300 mg/kg BW and DEO at 600 mg/kg BW had better antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity on the infected mice, which reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma concentrations of MDA, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but increased (P < 0.01) the concentrations of SOD. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of duodenum observation showed that LEO and DEO reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and maintain the orderly arrangement of epithelial cells. Moreover, supplementation of LEO at 600 mg/kg and DEO at 300 mg/kg BW alleviated (P < 0.05) intestinal barrier injury for increasing the relative expression of ZO-1, occludin and claudin mRNA in mice duodenum. These results showed that the pre-treatment with LEO and DEO had protection of intestinal tissue and inflammation in E. coli infected mice. Both LEO and DEO exhibited activity of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and alleviating intestinal injury, whereas, compared with DEO, LEO can be active at a lower dosage. Furthermore, as the main active component of LEO, the d-limonene appeared to play not only the major role, but also the joint action with other active components of LEO.
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22
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Corrêa ANR, Ferreira CD. Essential oil for the control of fungi, bacteria, yeasts and viruses in food: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8960-8974. [PMID: 35416734 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review begins with a general introduction to essential oils (EO) and their relation to food and microorganisms. Classification and characteristics of EO, addressing the major compounds with antimicrobial action. Subsequently, the main microorganisms followed by a collection of the main works published in recent years that approached the influence of the EO on the protection against microorganisms and food decontamination. At last, the major gaps and future perspectives on the subject. Using EO for fighting food contamination is a way of sustainably supplying the need for new antimicrobials to ensure microbial safety and is a viable source to solve the problem of current microbial resistance. Form of application, EO composition and microbiological load are reported as the responsible factors for the treatment's success. The EO's effects on fungi and bacteria are already well known, but its effect on viruses and yeasts is something to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrey Nathália Ribeiro Corrêa
- Technological Institute in Food for Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira
- Technological Institute in Food for Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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23
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Gambino E, Maione A, Guida M, Albarano L, Carraturo F, Galdiero E, Di Onofrio V. Evaluation of the Pathogenic-Mixed Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa/ Staphylococcus aureus and Treatment with Limonene on Three Different Materials by a Dynamic Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063741. [PMID: 35329426 PMCID: PMC8955688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Biofilms have been found growing on implantable medical devices. This can lead to persistent clinical infections. The highly antibiotic-resistant property of biofilms necessitates the search for both potent antimicrobial agents and novel antibiofilm strategies. Natural product-based anti-biofilm agents were found to be as efficient as chemically synthesized counterparts with fewer side effects. In the present study, the effects of limonene as an antibiofilm agent were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formed on different surfaces using the CDC model system in continuous flow. The flgK gene and the pilA gene expression in P. aeruginosa, and the icaA gene and eno gene in S. aureus, which could be considered as efficient resistance markers, were studied. Methods: Mono- and dual-species biofilms were grown on polycarbonate, polypropylene, and stainless-steel coupons in a CDC biofilm reactor (Biosurface Technologies, Bozeman, MT, USA). To evaluate the ability of limonene to inhibit and eradicate biofilm, a sub-MIC concentration (10 mL/L) was tested. The gene expression of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was detected by SYBR Green quantitative Real-Time PCR assay (Meridiana Bioline, Brisbane, Australia). Results: The limonene added during the formation of biofilms at sub-MIC concentrations works very well in inhibiting biofilms on all three materials, reducing their growth by about 2 logs. Of the same order of magnitude is the ability of limonene to eradicate both mono- and polymicrobial mature biofilms on all three materials. Greater efficacy was observed in the polymicrobial biofilm on steel coupons. The expression of some genes related to the virulence of the two microorganisms was differently detected in mono- and polymicrobial biofilm. Conclusions: These data showed that the limonene treatment expressed different levels of biofilm-forming genes, especially when both types of strains alone and together grew on different surfaces. Our findings showed that limonene treatment is also very efficient when biofilm has been grown under shear stress causing significant and irreversible damage to the biofilm structure. The effectiveness of the sanitation procedures can be optimized by applying antimicrobial combinations with natural compounds (e.g., limonene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvige Gambino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679182
| | - Valeria Di Onofrio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy;
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A single exposure to a sublethal concentration of Origanum vulgare essential oil initiates response against food stressors and restoration of antibiotic susceptibility in Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Dias ALB, Fernandes CC, Souza JHD, Martins CHG, Moreira FF, Crotti AEM, Miranda MLD. Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Brazilian plants and their major constituents against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2032424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Fernandes Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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26
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Bioactive Compounds of Citrus Fruits: A Review of Composition and Health Benefits of Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Limonoids, and Terpenes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020239. [PMID: 35204122 PMCID: PMC8868476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contributes to the reduced risk of many diseases related to metabolic syndrome, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. Citrus, the genus Citrus L., is one of the most important fruit crops, rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenes, limonoids, and many other bioactive compounds of nutritional and nutraceutical value. Moreover, polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), a unique class of bioactive flavonoids, abundantly occur in citrus fruits. In addition, citrus essential oil, rich in limonoids and terpenes, is an economically important product due to its potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and flavoring properties. Mechanistic, observational, and intervention studies have demonstrated the health benefits of citrus bioactives in minimizing the risk of metabolic syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive view of the composition of carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and limonoids of citrus fruits and their associated health benefits.
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27
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Jongman M, Carmichael P, Loeto D, Gomba A. Advances in the use of biocontrol applications in preharvest and postharvest environments: A food safety milestone. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Carmichael
- Department of Agricultural Research and Specialists Services Malkerns Eswatini
| | - Daniel Loeto
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana
| | - Annancietar Gomba
- National Institute for Occupational Health National Health Laboratory Service Johannesburg South Africa
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28
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Hu M, Zhang L, Ruan Z, Han P, Yu Y. The Regulatory Effects of Citrus Peel Powder on Liver Metabolites and Gut Flora in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Foods 2021; 10:foods10123022. [PMID: 34945573 PMCID: PMC8701357 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gannan navel orange and Jinggang pomelo, belonging to the genus Citrus, are good sources of phenolic compounds, which are mainly concentrated in the peel. These phenolic compounds are considered promising in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In order to maximize nutrients retention and bioactivity in the peel, pomelo peel and orange peel were processed using freeze-drying technology and mixed in the ratio (pomelo peel powder 50% and orange peel powder 50%) to make citrus peel powder (CPP). The purpose of this study was to explore new strategies and mechanisms associated with the consumption of CPP to alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver injury, lipid metabolism disorders, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that after 12 weeks of CPP administration, CPP supplementation had a strong inhibitory effect on HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In particular, CPP modulates the composition of the intestinal flora, such as increasing the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, genus Faecalibaculum, genus Lactobacillus, genus Dubosiella, and genus Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_ group and decreasing the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidota, genus Helicobacter, and genus Bacteroides. These results suggest that CPP has a preventive effect on NAFLD, which can be related to the regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-791-8827-2923
| | - Peiheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (L.Z.); (P.H.); (Y.Y.)
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29
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Volatile Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Selected Citrus Essential Oils Originated from Nepal. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216683. [PMID: 34771092 PMCID: PMC8588556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus species of plants are among the most commercially cultivated crops, mainly for their fruit. Besides, the generally consumed flesh inside the fruit, the peel is quite important too. Essential oils extracted from the peel have a history of being used by humankind for centuries. These essential oils are rich in antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Comparative investigation of volatile constituents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were undertaken. The essential oils were evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and enantiomeric composition by chiral GC-MS. Similarly, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, and antimicrobial activities were assayed using the disk diffusion method. The highest extraction yield of 1.83% was observed in Citrus sinensis Osbeck. GC-MS analysis showed limonene (63.76-89.15%), γ-terpinene (0.24-6.43%), β-pinene (0.15-6.09%), linalool (0.35-3.5%), sabinene (0.77-2.17%), myrcene (0.74-1.75%), α-terpineol (0.28-1.15%), and α-pinene (0.2-0.58%) as the major constituents of the essential oil of the Citrus species studied. For the first time, through our study, chiral terpenoids have been observed from Citrus grandis Osbeck essential oil. The order of antioxidant activity is as follows: Citrus grandis Osbeck red flesh > Citrus reticulata Blanco > Citrus sinensis Osbeck > Citrus grandis Osbeck white flesh. Except for Citrus grandis Osbeck white flesh (52.34 µL/mL), all samples demonstrated stronger antioxidant activities than those of the positive control, quercetin (5.60 µL/mL). Therefore, these essential oils can be used as a safe natural antioxidant to prevent product oxidation. Likewise, citrus peel essential oil showed antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial strains, albeit marginal.
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30
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Bakó C, Balázs VL, Takács G, Pallos JP, Pál S, Kocsis B, Pethő DR, Horváth G. Combination of Analytical and Statistical Methods in Order to Optimize Antibacterial Activity of Clary Sage Supercritical Fluid Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:6449. [PMID: 34770858 PMCID: PMC8586929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was systematically studied by using thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-DB) and response surface methodology (RSM). The three parameters temperature, pressure, and cosolvent ratio were optimized for the maximum antibacterial activity of clary sage extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The highest inhibition zone was 7.51 mm for P. aeruginosa and 7.57 mm for MRSA. According to RSM analysis, the predicted optimum extraction parameters are 18.6 MPa pressure, 40 °C temperature, and 2% ethanol (EtOH) ratio. The combination of this analytical and statistical method allows saving time, money, and instrument runtime in the optimization of essential oil composition, which is tailored to a specific task and could be useful on any kind of herbs in a wide range of use from perfume manufacturing to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor Bakó
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.B.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Viktória Lilla Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.B.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Gyöngyi Takács
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.R.P.)
| | | | - Szilárd Pál
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Rippelné Pethő
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.B.); (V.L.B.)
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31
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Villa-Ruano N, Castro-Juárez CJ, Lozoya-Gloria E, Ramírez-García SA, Cruz-Durán R, Varela-Caselis JL. Hernandulcin Production in Cell Suspensions of Phyla Scaberrima: Exploring Hernandulcin Accumulation through Physical and Chemical Stimuli. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100611. [PMID: 34547168 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hernandulcin (HE) is a non-caloric sweetener synthesized by the Mexican medicinal plant Phyla scaberrima. Herein we present the results of HE production through cell suspensions of P. scaberrima as well as the influence of pH, temperature, biosynthetic precursors and potential elicitors to enhance HE accumulation. The incorporation of mevalonolactone (30-400 mg L-1 ) farnesol (30-400 mg L-1 ), AgNO3 (0.025-0.175 M), cellulase (5-60 mg L-1 ; 0.3 units/mg), chitin (20-140 mg L-1 ) and (+)-epi-α-bisabolol (300-210 mg L-1 ) to the cell suspensions, resulted in a differential accumulation of HE and biomass. Among elicitors assayed, chitin, cellulase and farnesol increased HE production from 93.2 to ∼160 mg L-1 but, (+)-epi-α-bisabolol (obtained by a synthetic biology approach) increased HE accumulation up to 182.7 mg L-1 . HE produced by the cell suspensions was evaluated against nine strains from six species of gastrointestinal bacteria revealing moderate antibacterial activity (MIC, 214-465 μg mL-1 ) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori. Similarly, HE showed weak toxicity against Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium bifidum (>1 mg mL-1 ), suggesting a selective antimicrobial activity on some species of gut microbiota. According to our results, chitin and (+)-epi-α-bisabolol were the most effective molecules to enhance HE accumulation in cell suspensions of P. scaberrima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- CONACyT-Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Carlos J Castro-Juárez
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Guillermo Rojas Mijangos, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 70800, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, México
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Sergio Alberto Ramírez-García
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Guillermo Rojas Mijangos, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, CP 70800, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, México
| | - Ramiro Cruz-Durán
- Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, CP 04510, Del. Coyoacán, México
| | - Jenaro Leocadio Varela-Caselis
- Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, México
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32
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Agdar GhareAghaji M, Zomordi S, Gharekhani M, Hanifian S. Effect of edible coating based on salep containing orange (
Citrus sinensis
) peel essential oil on shelf life of rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) fillets. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Zomordi
- Department of Engineering Research West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO Urmia Iran
| | - Mehdi Gharekhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran
| | - Shahram Hanifian
- Department of Food Science and Technology Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran
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Essential Oils Extracted from Organic Propolis Residues: An Exploratory Analysis of Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties and Volatile Profile. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154694. [PMID: 34361848 PMCID: PMC8347542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial processing of crude propolis generates residues. Essential oils (EOs) from propolis residues could be a potential source of natural bioactive compounds to replace antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants in pig production. In this study, we determined the antibacterial/antioxidant activity of EOs from crude organic propolis (EOP) and from propolis residues, moist residue (EOMR), and dried residue (EODR), and further elucidated their chemical composition. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their volatile profile was tentatively identified by GC-MS. All EOs had an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum as they caused disturbances on the growth kinetics of both bacteria. However, EODR had more selective antibacterial activity, as it caused a higher reduction in the maximal culture density (D) of E. coli (86.7%) than L. plantarum (46.9%). EODR exhibited mild antioxidant activity, whereas EOMR showed the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS = 0.90 μmol TE/mg, FRAP = 463.97 μmol Fe2+/mg) and phenolic content (58.41 mg GAE/g). Each EO had a different chemical composition, but α-pinene and β-pinene were the major compounds detected in the samples. Interestingly, specific minor compounds were detected in a higher relative amount in EOMR and EODR as compared to EOP. Therefore, these minor compounds are most likely responsible for the biological properties of EODR and EOMR. Collectively, our findings suggest that the EOs from propolis residues could be resourcefully used as natural antibacterial/antioxidant additives in pig production.
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Youenou B, Chauviat A, Ngari C, Poulet V, Nazaret S. In vitro study to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of various multifunctional cosmetic ingredients and chlorphenesin on bacterial species at risk in the cosmetic industry. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:933-948. [PMID: 34333822 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the activity of the preservative chlorphenesin and of four antimicrobial cosmetic multifunctional ingredients against various strains of gram-negative and gram-positive human opportunistic pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Growth kinetics, modelling growth parameters and statistical analyses enabled comparing bacterial behaviour in the presence and in the absence of the compound. Whatever compound tested (i.e. chlorphenesin, phenylpropanol, hexanediol, ethylhexylglycerin, hydroxyacetophenone) and strain origin (i.e. clinical versus industrial), the growth of 42 strains belonging to Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia cepacia complex and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, was totally inhibited. On the opposite all of the P. aeruginosa strains (n = 13) as well as 4 and 6 out of 10 strains of Pluralibacter gergoviae grew in the presence of chlorphenesin and ethylhexylglycerin, respectively. Some P. gergoviae and Staphylococcus hominis strains withstand hydroxyacetophenone. Within a species, the different strains show variable latency phase, growth rate (r) and carrying capacity (K). They can be similar, lower or higher than those measured in control conditions. CONCLUSIONS Data showed differences in the antimicrobial activity of compounds. Upon exposure, strains differed in their behaviour between and within species. Whatever species and strains, compound sensitivity could not be related to antibiotic resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Most multifunctional ingredients showed significant antimicrobial properties against the wide panel of species and strains evaluated. This will help adjusting preservation strategies in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Youenou
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Chauviat
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Nazaret
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
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Liu N, Li X, Zhao P, Zhang X, Qiao O, Huang L, Guo L, Gao W. A review of chemical constituents and health-promoting effects of citrus peels. Food Chem 2021; 365:130585. [PMID: 34325351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the main fruits processed worldwide, producing a lot of industrial by-products. As the main part of citrus "residue", citrus peels have a wide application prospect. They could not only be directly used to produce various food products, but also be used as promising biofuels to produce ethanol and methane. Additionally, functional components (flavonoids, limonoids, alkaloids, essential oils and pectin) extracted from citrus peels have been related to the improvement of human health against active oxygen, inflammatory, cancer and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is clear that the citrus peels have great potential to be developed into useful functional foods, medicines and biofuels. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in current uses, processing, bioactive components and biological properties of citrus peels. A better understanding of citrus peels may provide reference for making full use of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Ambrosio CMS, Diaz-Arenas GL, Agudelo LPA, Stashenko E, Contreras-Castillo CJ, da Gloria EM. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of a Citrus Essential Oil and Its Fractions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102888. [PMID: 34068115 PMCID: PMC8152727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from Citrus are the main by-product of Citrus-processing industries. In addition to food/beverage and cosmetic applications, citrus EOs could also potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics in food-producing animals. A commercial citrus EO—Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT)—was fractionated by vacuum fractional distillation to separate BOT into various fractions: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Next, the chemical composition and biological activities of BOT and its fractions were characterized. Results showed the three first fractions had a high relative amount of limonene (≥10.86), even higher than the whole BOT. Conversely, F4 presented a larger relative amount of BOT’s minor compounds (carvone, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, and trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and a very low relative amount of limonene (0.08–0.13). Antibacterial activity results showed F4 was the only fraction exhibiting this activity, which was selective and higher activity on a pathogenic bacterium (E. coli) than on a beneficial bacterium (Lactobacillus sp.). However, F4 activity was lower than BOT. Similarly, F4 displayed the highest antioxidant activity among fractions (equivalent to BOT). These results indicated that probably those minor compounds that detected in F4 would be more involved in conferring the biological activities for this fraction and consequently for the whole BOT, instead of the major compound, limonene, playing this role exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. S. Ambrosio
- Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN), 13001 Trujillo, Peru
- Correspondence: (C.M.S.A.); (E.M.d.G.)
| | - Gloria L. Diaz-Arenas
- Research Center of Excellence CENIVAM, CIBIMOL, Industrial University of Santander, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (G.L.D.-A.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Elena Stashenko
- Research Center of Excellence CENIVAM, CIBIMOL, Industrial University of Santander, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (G.L.D.-A.); (E.S.)
| | - Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo M. da Gloria
- Department of Biological Science, Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.M.S.A.); (E.M.d.G.)
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György É, Laslo É, Kuzman IH, Dezső András C. The effect of essential oils and their combinations on bacteria from the surface of fresh vegetables. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5601-5611. [PMID: 33133562 PMCID: PMC7590337 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of different selected essential oils (thyme, lemongrass, juniper, oregano, sage, fennel, rosemary, mint, rosehips, dill) on some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria isolated from the surface of various fresh vegetables. At the same time, in the case of some volatile oil combinations we followed the phenomena of synergism and antagonism. The identification of the isolated bacterial strains was made using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The most resistant isolates appeared to be Curtobacterium herbarum, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Enterobacter ludwigii, while Pseudomonas hibiscicola was the most sensitive. Of the chosen plant essential oils, the most pronounced antimicrobial effect was detected in the case of oregano. The essential oils of thyme and mint also showed elevated antimicrobial activity. A synergistic effect was observed in case of five combinations of essential oil. Based on the results, we find that some individual essential oils and mixture compositions (due to synergic effect) could be good candidates for the preservation of fresh vegetables. These preliminary findings suggest that essential oils from locally grown spices could contribute to decreasing the health risk and also to the suppression of emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva György
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Éva Laslo
- Department of BioengineeringFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Ildikó Hajnalka Kuzman
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
| | - Csaba Dezső András
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of EconomicsSocio‐Human Sciences and EngineeringSapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaMiercurea CiucRomania
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Berdejo D, Pagán E, Merino N, Pagán R, García-Gonzalo D. Incubation with a Complex Orange Essential Oil Leads to Evolved Mutants with Increased Resistance and Tolerance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E239. [PMID: 32916977 PMCID: PMC7557841 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of strains with increased resistance/tolerance to natural antimicrobials was evidenced after cyclic exposure to carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene oxide. However, no previous studies have reported the development of resistance and tolerance to complex essential oils (EOs). This study seeks to evaluate the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant and tolerant to a complex orange essential oil (OEO) after prolonged cyclic treatments at low concentrations. Phenotypic characterization of evolved strains revealed an increase of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration for OEO, a better growth fitness in presence of OEO, and an enhanced survival to lethal treatments, compared to wild-type strain. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cross-resistance to antibiotics were observed. Mutations in hepT and accA in evolved strains highlight the important role of oxidative stress in the cell response to OEO, as well as the relevance of the cell membrane in the cell response to these natural antimicrobials. This study demonstrates the emergence of S. aureus strains that are resistant and tolerant to EO (Citrus sinensis). This phenomenon should be taken into account to assure the efficacy of natural antimicrobials in the design of food preservation strategies, in cleaning and disinfection protocols, and in clinical applications against resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego García-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), C/ Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.B.); (E.P.); (N.M.); (R.P.)
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de Souza Pedrosa GT, de Souza EL, de Melo ANF, da Cruz Almeida ET, de Sousa Guedes JP, de Carvalho RJ, Pagán R, Magnani M. Physiological alterations involved in inactivation of autochthonous spoilage bacteria in orange juice caused by Citrus essential oils and mild heat. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108837. [PMID: 32890943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated physiological alterations involved in the inactivation of Levilactobacillus (L.) brevis and Leuconostoc (Lc.) mesenteroides in orange juice caused by Citrus lemon essential oil (CLEO) and C. reticulata essential oil (CREO) alone and combined with mild heat treatment (MHT). Damage in DNA, membrane integrity, membrane potential, metabolic and efflux activity of bacterial cells were measured after exposure (6 and 12 min) to CLEO or CREO (0.5 μL/mL) and/or MHT (54 °C) using flow cytometry. Limonene was the major constituent in CLEO (66.4%) and CREO (89.4%). The size of the damaged cell subpopulations increased (p < 0.05) after longer exposure time and varied with the tested essential oil and/or bacterial isolate. After exposure to CLEO and CREO alone, the cell subpopulations with damage in measured physiological functions were in a range of 19.6-66.8% and 23.8-75.9%, respectively. Exposure to CREO resulted in larger Lc. mesenteroides cell subpopulations (35.4-68.7%) with damaged DNA, permeabilized and depolarized membrane and compromised metabolic or efflux activity compared to L. brevis (23.8-58.0%). In contrast, exposure to CLEO led to higher damaged L. brevis cell subpopulations (35.1-77%) compared to Lc. mesenteroides (25.3-36.6%). Exposure to combined treatments (CLEO or CREO and MHT) affected the measured physiological functions in almost the entire L. brevis and Lc. mesenteroides cell population (up to 99%), although the damage extension on each isolate varied with tested essential oil. Results show that inactivation of L. brevis and Lc. mesenteroides cells caused by CLEO and CREO alone and combined with MHT in orange juice involves a multi-target action, which causes DNA damage, altered permeability and depolarization of membrane and compromised metabolic and efflux activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geany Targino de Souza Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Adma Nadja Ferreira de Melo
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Erika Tayse da Cruz Almeida
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jossana Pereira de Sousa Guedes
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Julliane de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pagán
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity, Mode of Action and Volatile Compounds of Etlingera pavieana Essential Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143245. [PMID: 32708709 PMCID: PMC7397041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.S. is a rhizomatous plant in the Zingiberaceae family which could be freshly eaten, used as a condiment or as a traditional remedy. Our work investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the E. pavieana essential oils extracted from the rhizome (EOEP). We extracted the EOEP from the rhizome by hydrodistillation and analyzed the chemical composition by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). A total of 22 volatile compounds were identified where trans-anethole (78.54%) and estragole (19.36%) were the major components in the EOEP. The antimicrobial activity of EOEP was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values using the broth dilution method and enumerating cell death overtime. Our work shows that the EOEP exhibits potent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, namely Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in the range of 0.1–0.3% (v/v). We further investigated the mechanism of EOEP inhibition using Synchrotron Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Here, we show significant differences in DNA/nucleic acid, proteins and cell membrane composition in the bacterial cell. To conclude, EOEP exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, especially the Gram-positive bacteria associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) food and, thus, has the potential to serve as a natural preservative agent in RTE products.
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Ambrosio CMS, Contreras-Castillo CJ, Da Gloria EM. In vitro mechanism of antibacterial action of a citrus essential oil on an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:541-553. [PMID: 32271977 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the in vitro mechanism of action of a commercial citrus EO, Brazilian orange terpenes (BOT), on an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolated from pig gut and on Lactobacillus rhamnosus. METHODS AND RESULTS Firstly, bacteria were exposed sequentially to BOT every 3 h (three times) at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations and results showed that sequential exposure to BOT provoked a higher reduction of bacteria viability than a single exposure and the reduction of ETEC viability was higher compared to that of L. rhamnosus. Then, evaluation of the BOT effects on the cell membrane permeability and integrity, indicated that BOT increased the membrane permeability and caused disruptive effects on the integrity of bacterial cells as reflected by an increase of the relative electric conductivity and the release of essential cell constituents. Interestingly, BOT effects were more pronounced on the ETEC than on L. rhamnosus. This was ratified by scanning electron microscopy, which showed more noticeable morphological damages and disturbances on ETEC cells than on the L. rhamnosus cells. Limonene was detected as the major compound in BOT by polar/nonpolar GC-MS (78·65%/79·38%). CONCLUSIONS Results revealed that the probable mechanism of the selective antibacterial action of the citrus EO, BOT, can be described as altering more remarkable the permeability and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane as well as the external structure of ETEC cells than L. rhamnosus cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides information about the mechanism of antibacterial action displayed by a citrus EO, a by-product of the citrus processing industry, as a natural alternative to antibiotics used in pig production sector to combat pathogens such as ETECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M S Ambrosio
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C J Contreras-Castillo
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Da Gloria
- Department of Biological Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of orange bagasse and effect of filtration on lactic acid fermentation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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