1
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Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Rodríguez S, Martín R, García T. Unraveling the Properties of Phage Display Fab Libraries and Their Use in the Selection of Gliadin-Specific Probes by Applying High-Throughput Nanopore Sequencing. Viruses 2024; 16:686. [PMID: 38793567 PMCID: PMC11126117 DOI: 10.3390/v16050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution is a pivotal strategy for new antibody discovery, which allowed the generation of high-affinity Fabs against gliadin from two antibody libraries in our previous studies. One of the libraries was exclusively derived from celiac patients' mRNA (immune library) while the other was obtained through a protein engineering approach (semi-immune library). Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques are revolutionizing research across genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics. In the present work, an Oxford Nanopore in-lab sequencing device was used to comprehensively characterize the composition of the constructed libraries, both at the beginning and throughout the phage-mediated selection processes against gliadin. A customized analysis pipeline was used to select high-quality reads, annotate chain distribution, perform sequence analysis, and conduct statistical comparisons between the different selection rounds. Some immunological attributes of the most representative phage variants after the selection process were also determined. Sequencing results revealed the successful transfer of the celiac immune response features to the immune library and the antibodies derived from it, suggesting the crucial role of these features in guiding the selection of high-affinity recombinant Fabs against gliadin. In summary, high-throughput DNA sequencing has improved our understanding of the selection processes aimed at generating molecular binders against gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aina García-García
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
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2
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Gallo E. The rise of big data: deep sequencing-driven computational methods are transforming the landscape of synthetic antibody design. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:29. [PMID: 38491519 PMCID: PMC10943851 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic antibodies (Abs) represent a category of artificial proteins capable of closely emulating the functions of natural Abs. Their in vitro production eliminates the need for an immunological response, streamlining the process of Ab discovery, engineering, and development. These artificially engineered Abs offer novel approaches to antigen recognition, paratope site manipulation, and biochemical/biophysical enhancements. As a result, synthetic Abs are fundamentally reshaping conventional methods of Ab production. This mirrors the revolution observed in molecular biology and genomics as a result of deep sequencing, which allows for the swift and cost-effective sequencing of DNA and RNA molecules at scale. Within this framework, deep sequencing has enabled the exploration of whole genomes and transcriptomes, including particular gene segments of interest. Notably, the fusion of synthetic Ab discovery with advanced deep sequencing technologies is redefining the current approaches to Ab design and development. Such combination offers opportunity to exhaustively explore Ab repertoires, fast-tracking the Ab discovery process, and enhancing synthetic Ab engineering. Moreover, advanced computational algorithms have the capacity to effectively mine big data, helping to identify Ab sequence patterns/features hidden within deep sequencing Ab datasets. In this context, these methods can be utilized to predict novel sequence features thereby enabling the successful generation of de novo Ab molecules. Hence, the merging of synthetic Ab design, deep sequencing technologies, and advanced computational models heralds a new chapter in Ab discovery, broadening our comprehension of immunology and streamlining the advancement of biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Gallo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Avance Biologicals, 950 Dupont Street, Toronto, ON, M6H 1Z2, Canada.
- Department of Protein Engineering, RevivAb, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
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3
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Thai E, Murugan R, Binter Š, Burn Aschner C, Prieto K, Kassardjian A, Obraztsova AS, Kang RW, Flores-Garcia Y, Mathis-Torres S, Li K, Horn GQ, Huntwork RHC, Bolscher JM, de Bruijni MHC, Sauerwein R, Dennison SM, Tomaras GD, Zavala F, Kellam P, Wardemann H, Julien JP. Molecular determinants of cross-reactivity and potency by VH3-33 antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113330. [PMID: 38007690 PMCID: PMC10720262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IGHV3-33-encoded antibodies are prevalent in the human humoral response against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). Among VH3-33 antibodies, cross-reactivity between PfCSP major repeat (NANP), minor (NVDP), and junctional (NPDP) motifs is associated with high affinity and potent parasite inhibition. However, the molecular basis of antibody cross-reactivity and the relationship with efficacy remain unresolved. Here, we perform an extensive structure-function characterization of 12 VH3-33 anti-PfCSP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with varying degrees of cross-reactivity induced by immunization of mice expressing a human immunoglobulin gene repertoire. We identify residues in the antibody paratope that mediate cross-reactive binding and delineate four distinct epitope conformations induced by antibody binding, with one consistently associated with high protective efficacy and another that confers comparably potent inhibition of parasite liver invasion. Our data show a link between molecular features of cross-reactive VH3-33 mAb binding to PfCSP and mAb potency, relevant for the development of antibody-based interventions against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Thai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Murugan
- B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Špela Binter
- Kymab Ltd./Sanofi, The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; RQ Biotechnology Limited, 7th Floor Lynton House, 7-12 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9LT, UK
| | - Clare Burn Aschner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Katherine Prieto
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Audrey Kassardjian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anna S Obraztsova
- B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryu Won Kang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shamika Mathis-Torres
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kan Li
- Departments of Surgery, Integrative Immunobiology, Molecular Genetics, and Microbiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gillian Q Horn
- Departments of Surgery, Integrative Immunobiology, Molecular Genetics, and Microbiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard H C Huntwork
- Departments of Surgery, Integrative Immunobiology, Molecular Genetics, and Microbiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | - S Moses Dennison
- Departments of Surgery, Integrative Immunobiology, Molecular Genetics, and Microbiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Departments of Surgery, Integrative Immunobiology, Molecular Genetics, and Microbiology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd./Sanofi, The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; RQ Biotechnology Limited, 7th Floor Lynton House, 7-12 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9LT, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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4
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Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Rodríguez Gómez S, Farrais S, Martín R, García T. Development of a new recombinant antibody, selected by phage-display technology from a celiac patient library, for detection of gluten in foods. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100578. [PMID: 37680694 PMCID: PMC10480589 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten, a group of ethanol-soluble proteins present in the endosperm of cereals, is extensively used in the food industry due to its ability to improve dough properties. However, gluten is also associated with a range of gluten-related diseases (GRDs), such as wheat allergies, celiac disease, and gluten intolerance. The recommended treatment for GRDs patients is a gluten-free diet. To monitor adherence to this diet, it is necessary to develop gluten-detection systems in food products. Among the available methods, immunodetection systems are the most popular due to their simplicity, reproducibility, and accuracy. The aim of this study was to generate novel high-affinity antibodies against gluten to be used as the primary reactant in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. These antibodies were developed by constructing an immune library from mRNA obtained from two celiac patients with a high humoral response to gluten-related proteins. The resulting library (composed by 1.1x107) was subjected to selection against gliadin using phage display technology. Following several rounds of selection, the Fab-C was selected, and demonstrated good functionality in ELISA tests, presenting a limit of detection of 15 mg/kg for detection of gluten in spiked mixtures and food products. The methodology can discriminate gluten-free products according to the current legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Garcia-Calvo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina García-García
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez Gómez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Farrais
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa García
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Eubanks LM, Pholcharee T, Oyen D, Natori Y, Zhou B, Wilson IA, Janda KD. An Engineered Human-Antibody Fragment with Fentanyl Pan-Specificity That Reverses Carfentanil-Induced Respiratory Depression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2849-2856. [PMID: 37534714 PMCID: PMC10791143 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioid overdose crisis primarily driven by potent synthetic opioids resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in the US over the last 20 years. Though naloxone, a short-acting medication, remains the primary treatment option for temporarily reversing opioid overdose effects, alternative countermeasures are needed. Monoclonal antibodies present a versatile therapeutic opportunity that can be tailored to synthetic opioids and help prevent post-treatment renarcotization. The ultrapotent analog carfentanil is especially concerning due to its unique pharmacological properties. With this in mind, we generated a fully human antibody through a drug-specific B cell sorting strategy with a combination of carfentanil and fentanyl probes. The resulting pan-specific antibody was further optimized through scFv phage display, producing C10-S66K. This monoclonal antibody displays high affinity to carfentanil, fentanyl, and other analogs and reversed carfentanil-induced respiratory depression. Additionally, X-ray crystal structures with carfentanil and fentanyl bound provided structural insight into key drug:antibody interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Eubanks
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037,
United States
| | - Tossapol Pholcharee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational
Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - David Oyen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational
Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Natori
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037,
United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037,
United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational
Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA
92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037,
United States
- Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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6
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Eubanks LM, Pholcharee T, Oyen D, Natori Y, Zhou B, Wilson IA, Janda KD. An Engineered Human-Antibody Fragment with Fentanyl Pan-Specificity that Reverses Carfentanil-Induced Respiratory Depression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547721. [PMID: 37461607 PMCID: PMC10349930 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The opioid overdose crisis primarily driven by potent synthetic opioids resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in the US over the last 20 years. Though naloxone, a short acting medication, remains the primary treatment option for temporarily reversing opioid overdose effects, alternative countermeasures are needed. Monoclonal antibodies present a versatile therapeutic opportunity that can be tailored for synthetic opioids and that can help prevent post-treatment renarcotization. The ultrapotent analog carfentanil, is especially concerning due to its unique pharmacological properties. With this in mind, we generated a fully human antibody through a drug-specific B cell sorting strategy with a combination of carfentanil and fentanyl probes. The resulting pan-specific antibody was further optimized through scFv phage display. This antibody, C10-S66K, displays high affinity to carfentanil, fentanyl, and other analogs, and reversed carfentanil-induced respiratory depression. Additionally, x-ray crystal structures with carfentanil and fentanyl bound provided structural insight into key drug:antibody interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Eubanks
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Tossapol Pholcharee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - David Oyen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Natori
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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7
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Joyce C, Murrell S, Murrell B, Omorodion O, Ver LS, Carrico N, Bastidas R, Nedellec R, Bick M, Woehl J, Zhao F, Burns A, Barman S, Appel M, Ramos A, Wickramasinghe L, Eren K, Vollbrecht T, Smith DM, Kosakovsky Pond SL, McBride R, Worth C, Batista F, Sok D, Poignard P, Briney B, Wilson IA, Landais E, Burton DR. Antigen pressure from two founder viruses induces multiple insertions at a single antibody position to generate broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011416. [PMID: 37384622 PMCID: PMC10309625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination strategies aimed at maturing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from naïve precursors are hindered by unusual features that characterize these Abs, including insertions and deletions (indels). Longitudinal studies of natural HIV infection cases shed light on the complex processes underlying bnAb development and have suggested a role for superinfection as a potential enhancer of neutralization breadth. Here we describe the development of a potent bnAb lineage that was elicited by two founder viruses to inform vaccine design. The V3-glycan targeting bnAb lineage (PC39-1) was isolated from subtype C-infected IAVI Protocol C elite neutralizer, donor PC39, and is defined by the presence of multiple independent insertions in CDRH1 that range from 1-11 amino acids in length. Memory B cell members of this lineage are predominantly atypical in phenotype yet also span the class-switched and antibody-secreting cell compartments. Development of neutralization breadth occurred concomitantly with extensive recombination between founder viruses before each virus separated into two distinct population "arms" that evolved independently to escape the PC39-1 lineage. Ab crystal structures show an extended CDRH1 that can help stabilize the CDRH3. Overall, these findings suggest that early exposure of the humoral system to multiple related Env molecules could promote the induction of bnAbs by focusing Ab responses to conserved epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Joyce
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sasha Murrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oluwarotimi Omorodion
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lorena S. Ver
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy Carrico
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raiza Bastidas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jordan Woehl
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alison Burns
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shawn Barman
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Appel
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Ramos
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lalinda Wickramasinghe
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kemal Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Vollbrecht
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charli Worth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Facundo Batista
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Devin Sok
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Pascal Poignard
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elise Landais
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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8
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Wang H, Yan K, Wang R, Yang Y, Shen Y, Yu C, Chen L. Antibody heavy chain CDR3 length-dependent usage of human IGHJ4 and IGHJ6 germline genes. Antib Ther 2021; 4:101-108. [PMID: 34195544 PMCID: PMC8237691 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody discovery using synthetic diversity has been proved productive, especially for target proteins not suitable for traditional animal immunization-based antibody discovery approaches. Recently, many lines of evidences suggest that the quality of synthetic diversity design limits the development success of synthetic antibody hits. The aim of our study is to understand the quality limitation and to properly address the challenges with a better design. Using VH3–23 as a model framework, we observed and quantitatively mapped CDR-H3 loop length-dependent usage of human IGHJ4 and IGHJ6 germline genes in the natural human immune repertoire. Skewed usage of DH2-JH6 and DH3-JH6 rearrangements was quantitatively determined in a CDR-H3 length-dependent manner in natural human antibodies with long CDR-H3 loops. Structural modeling suggests choices of JH help to stabilize antibody CDR-H3 loop and JH only partially contributes to the paratope. Our observations shed light on the design of next-generation synthetic diversity with improved probability of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, #15 Beisanhuandong Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Biotherapeutics, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co. Ltd., #12 Baoshennan St, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Biotherapeutics, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co. Ltd., #12 Baoshennan St, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Biotherapeutics, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co. Ltd., #12 Baoshennan St, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yuelei Shen
- Biotherapeutics, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co. Ltd., #12 Baoshennan St, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, #15 Beisanhuandong Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Biotherapeutics, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co. Ltd., #12 Baoshennan St, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
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9
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Chenouard V, Remy S, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Ouisse LH, Cherifi Y, Anegon I. Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:615491. [PMID: 33959146 PMCID: PMC8093876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chenouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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10
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Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Madrid R, Martin R, García T. From Polyclonal Sera to Recombinant Antibodies: A Review of Immunological Detection of Gluten in Foodstuff. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010066. [PMID: 33396828 PMCID: PMC7824297 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten is the ethanol-soluble protein fraction of cereal endosperms like wheat, rye, and barley. It is widely used in the food industry because of the physical-chemical properties it gives to dough. Nevertheless, there are some gluten-related diseases that are presenting increasing prevalences, e.g., celiac disease, for which a strict gluten-free diet is the best treatment. Due to this situation, gluten labeling legislation has been developed in several countries around the world. This article reviews the gluten immune detection systems that have been applied to comply with such regulations. These systems have followed the development of antibody biotechnology, which comprise three major methodologies: polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from hybridoma cells (some examples are 401.21, R5, G12, and α-20 antibodies), and the most recent methodology of recombinant antibodies. Initially, the main objective was the consecution of new high-affinity antibodies, resulting in low detection and quantification limits that are mainly achieved with the R5 mAb (the gold standard for gluten detection). Increasing knowledge about the causes of gluten-related diseases has increased the complexity of research in this field, with current efforts not only focusing on the development of more specific and sensitive systems for gluten but also the detection of protein motifs related to pathogenicity. New tools based on recombinant antibodies will provide adequate safety and traceability methodologies to meet the increasing market demand for gluten-free products.
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11
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Zhao F, Joyce C, Burns A, Nogal B, Cottrell CA, Ramos A, Biddle T, Pauthner M, Nedellec R, Qureshi H, Mason R, Landais E, Briney B, Ward AB, Burton DR, Sok D. Mapping Neutralizing Antibody Epitope Specificities to an HIV Env Trimer in Immunized and in Infected Rhesus Macaques. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108122. [PMID: 32905766 PMCID: PMC7487785 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BG505 SOSIP is a well-characterized near-native recombinant HIV Envelope (Env) trimer that holds promise as part of a sequential HIV immunogen regimen to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Rhesus macaques are considered the most appropriate pre-clinical animal model for monitoring antibody (Ab) responses. Accordingly, we report here the isolation of 45 BG505 autologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) with multiple specificities from SOSIP-immunized and BG505 SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. We associate the most potent neutralization with two epitopes: the C3/V5 and V1/V3 regions. We show that all of the nAbs bind in close proximity to known bnAb epitopes and might therefore sterically hinder elicitation of bnAbs. We also identify a "public clonotype" that targets the immunodominant C3/V5 nAb epitope, which suggests that common antibody rearrangements might help determine humoral responses to Env immunogens. The results highlight important considerations for vaccine design in anticipation of results of the BG505 SOSIP trimer in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Collin Joyce
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alison Burns
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bartek Nogal
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alejandra Ramos
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Trevor Biddle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthias Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elise Landais
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI, New York, NY 10004, USA.
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12
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Abbott RK, Crotty S. Factors in B cell competition and immunodominance. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:120-131. [PMID: 32483855 PMCID: PMC7641103 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of all vaccines work by inducing protective antibody responses. The mechanisms by which the B cells responsible for producing protective antibodies are elicited to respond are not well understood. Interclonal B cell competition to complex antigens, particularly in germinal centers, has emerged as an important hurdle in designing effective vaccines. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the roles of B cell precursor frequency, B cell receptor affinity for antigen, antigen avidity, and other factors that can substantially alter the outcomes of B cell responses to complex antigens. Understanding the interdependence of these fundamental factors that affect B cell responses can inform current vaccine design efforts for pathogens with complex proteins as candidate immunogens such as HIV, influenza, and coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Abbott
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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