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Liu Y, Cao P, Xiao L, Tang N, Fei W, Li X. Hypomethylation-associated Sox11 upregulation promotes oncogenesis via the PI3K/AKT pathway in OLP-associated OSCC. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18556. [PMID: 39039706 PMCID: PMC11263134 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a particularly prevalent oral disorder with the potential to progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). SRY-box transcription factor 11 (Sox11) has been reported to serve as a prognostic marker for various cancers. However, the role and mechanism of Sox11 in OLP-related OSCC are unknown. Our results indicated that Sox11 was highly expressed, and that Sox11 promoter methylation was significantly reduced in OLP-associated OSCC tissues. High Sox11 expression and Sox11 promoter hypomethylation indicate a poor patient prognosis. According to in vivo and in vitro experiments, the knockdown of Sox11 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration while driving its apoptotic death in OSSC cells; Sox11 overexpression exerted the opposite effect as Sox11 knockdown. Mechanistically, knockdown of Sox11 inhibited PI3K/AKT and glycolysis pathway, and overexpression of Sox11 enhanced the PI3K/AKT and glycolysis pathways in OSCC cells. In addition, we demonstrated that Sox11 overexpression accelerated the progression of OSCC, at least in part by promoting PI3K/AKT pathway activation. In conclusion, our data indicated that the DNA hypomethylation-associated upregulation of Sox11 could promote oncogenic transformation via the PI3K/AKT pathway in OLP-associated OSCC. Therefore, Sox11 might be a reliable biomarker for predicting the progression of precancerous oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Peilin Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Wei Fei
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Department of StomatologySichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang HospitalChengduChina
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Regeneration Profile in Treated B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients: Association with MRD Status and Patient Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133088. [PMID: 35804860 PMCID: PMC9265080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last two decades, measurable residual disease (MRD) has become one of the most powerful independent prognostic factors in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). However, the effect of therapy on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and its potential relationship with the MRD status and disease free survival (DFS) still remain to be investigated. Here we analyzed the distribution of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and endothelial cells (EC) in the BM of treated BCP-ALL patients, and its relationship with the BM MRD status and patient outcome. For this purpose, the BM MRD status and EC/MSC regeneration profile were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in 16 control BM (10 children; 6 adults) and 1204 BM samples from 347 children and 100 adult BCP-ALL patients studied at diagnosis (129 children; 100 adults) and follow-up (824 childhood samples; 151 adult samples). Patients were grouped into a discovery cohort (116 pediatric BCP-ALL patients; 338 samples) and two validation cohorts (74 pediatric BCP-ALL, 211 samples; and 74 adult BCP-ALL patients; 134 samples). Stromal cells (i.e., EC and MSC) were detected at relatively low frequencies in all control BM (16/16; 100%) and in most BCP-ALL follow-up samples (874/975; 90%), while they were undetected in BCP-ALL BM at diagnosis. In control BM samples, the overall percentage of EC plus MSC was higher in children than adults (p = 0.011), but with a similar EC/MSC ratio in both groups. According to the MRD status similar frequencies of both types of BM stromal cells were detected in BCP-ALL BM studied at different time points during the follow-up. Univariate analysis (including all relevant prognostic factors together with the percentage of stromal cells) performed in the discovery cohort was used to select covariates for a multivariate Cox regression model for predicting patient DFS. Of note, an increased percentage of EC (>32%) within the BCP-ALL BM stromal cell compartment at day +78 of therapy emerged as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for DFS in childhood BCP-ALL in the discovery cohort—hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.50 (1−9.66); p = 0.05—together with the BM MRD status (p = 0.031). Further investigation of the predictive value of the combination of these two variables (%EC within stromal cells and MRD status at day +78) allowed classification of BCP-ALL into three risk groups with median DFS of: 3.9, 3.1 and 1.1 years, respectively (p = 0.001). These results were confirmed in two validation cohorts of childhood BCP-ALL (n = 74) (p = 0.001) and adult BCP-ALL (n = 40) (p = 0.004) treated at different centers. In summary, our findings suggest that an imbalanced EC/MSC ratio in BM at day +78 of therapy is associated with a shorter DFS of BCP-ALL patients, independently of their MRD status. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms involved.
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Xia J, Wang M, Zhu Y, Bu C, Li T. Differential mRNA and long noncoding RNA expression profiles in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:10. [PMID: 34980027 PMCID: PMC8722040 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides (nt) that are involved in the pathogenesis and development of various cancers including B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). To determine the potential roles of lncRNAs involved in pathogenesis of B-ALL, we analyzed the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in B-ALL, respectively, and constructed lncRNAs/mRNAs interaction network. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing of 10 non-leukemic blood disease donors and 10 B-ALL patients for Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Interactions among mRNAs were predicted using the STRING database. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the RNA-seq data of lncRNAs and mRNAs. Potential functions of subtype-specific lncRNAs were determined by using coexpression-based analysis on distally (trans-pattern) located protein-coding genes. RESULTS A total of 1813 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) and 2203 lncRNAs were identified. Moreover, 10 dysregulated lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs were randomly selected, and further assessed by RT-qPCR in vitro. Go and KEGG analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were most closely associated with myeloid leukocyte activation and in transcriptional misregulation in cancer, respectively. In addition, co-expression analysis demonstrated that these lncRNAs, including MSTRG.27994.3, MSTRG.21740.1, ENST00000456341, MSTRG.14224.1 and MSTRG.20153.1, may mediate the pathogenesis and development of B-ALL via lncRNA-mRNA network interactions. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that several mRNAs and lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the bone marrow of B-ALL patients and play potential roles in B-ALL development, and be useful for diagnostic and/or prognostic purposes in pediatric B-ALL. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets used during our study are available through HARVARD Dataverse Persistent ID doi: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LK9T4Z .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of hematology & oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of hematology & oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaozhi Bu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of hematology & oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
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Mäkinen A, Nikkilä A, Mehtonen J, Teppo S, Oksa L, Nordlund J, Rounioja S, Pohjolainen V, Laukkanen S, Heinäniemi M, Paavonen T, Lohi O. Expression of BCL6 in paediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and association with prognosis. Pathology 2021; 53:875-882. [PMID: 34049715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is essential to germinal centre formation and antibody affinity maturation and plays a major role in mature B-cell malignancies. More recently, it was shown to act as a critical downstream regulator in pre-BCR+ B-ALL. We investigated the expression of the BCL6 protein in a population-based cohort of paediatric B-ALL cases and detected moderate to strong positivity through immunohistochemistry in 7% of cases (8/117); however, only two of eight BCL6 cases (25%) co-expressed the ZAP70 protein. In light of these data, the subtype with active pre-BCR signalling constitutes a rare entity in paediatric B-ALL. In three independent larger cohorts with gene expression data, high BCL6 mRNA levels were associated with the TCF3-PBX1, Ph-like, NUTM1, MEF2D and PAX5-alt subgroups and the 'metagene' signature for pre-BCR-associated genes. However, higher-than-median BCL6 mRNA level alone was associated with favourable event free survival in the Nordic paediatric cohort, indicating that using BCL6 as a diagnostic marker requires careful design, and evaluation of protein level is needed alongside the genetic or transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artturi Mäkinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Atte Nikkilä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna Teppo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Oksa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuli Rounioja
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Hematology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Virva Pohjolainen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Laukkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Mäkinen A, Nikkilä A, Haapaniemi T, Oksa L, Mehtonen J, Vänskä M, Heinäniemi M, Paavonen T, Lohi O. IGF2BP3 Associates with Proliferative Phenotype and Prognostic Features in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1505. [PMID: 33805930 PMCID: PMC8037952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) belongs to a family of RNA-binding proteins involved in localization, stability, and translational regulation of target RNAs. IGF2BP3 is used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in several malignancies. Although the prognosis of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has improved, a subgroup of patients exhibits high-risk features and suffer from disease recurrence. We sought to identify additional biomarkers to improve diagnostics, and we assessed expression of IGF2BP3 in a population-based pediatric cohort of B-ALL using a tissue microarray platform. The majority of pediatric B-ALL cases were positive for IGF2BP3 immunohistochemistry and were associated with an increased proliferative phenotype and activated STAT5 signaling pathway. Two large gene expression data sets were probed for the expression of IGF2BP3-the highest levels were seen among the B-cell lymphomas of a germinal center origin and well-established (KMT2A-rearranged and ETV6-RUNX1) and novel subtypes of B-ALL (e.g., NUTM1 and ETV6-RUNX1-like). A high mRNA for IGF2BP3 was associated with a proliferative "metagene" signature and a high expression of CDK6 in B-ALL. A low expression portended inferior survival in a high-risk cohort of pediatric B-ALL. Overall, our results show that IGF2BP3 shows subtype-specificity in expression and provides prognostic utility in high-risk B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artturi Mäkinen
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (T.H.); (T.P.)
| | - Atte Nikkilä
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
| | - Teppo Haapaniemi
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (T.H.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Oksa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Matti Vänskä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (T.H.); (T.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
- Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Laukkanen S, Oksa L, Nikkilä A, Lahnalampi M, Parikka M, Seki M, Takita J, Degerman S, de Bock CE, Heinäniemi M, Lohi O. SIX6 is a TAL1-regulated transcription factor in T-ALL and associated with inferior outcome. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:3089-3100. [PMID: 32835548 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1804560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematological malignancy driven by abnormal activity of transcription factors. Here we report an aberrant expression of the developmental transcription factor SIX6 in the TAL1-subtype of T-ALL. Our results demonstrate that the binding of TAL1 and GATA3 transcription factors into an upstream enhancer element directly regulates SIX6 expression. High expression of SIX6 was associated with inferior event-free survival within three independent patient cohorts. At a functional level, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the SIX6 gene in TAL1 positive Jurkat cells induced changes in genes associated with the mTOR-, K-RAS-, and TNFα-related molecular signatures but did not impair cell proliferation or viability. There was also no acceleration of T-ALL development within a Myc driven zebrafish tumor model in vivo. Taken together, our results show that SIX6 belongs to the TAL1 regulatory gene network in T-ALL but is alone insufficient to influence the development or maintenance of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laukkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Oksa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Atte Nikkilä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Lahnalampi
- The Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, BioMediTech, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Junko Takita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- The Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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