1
|
Nykänen A, Sudah M, Masarwah A, Vanninen R, Okuma H. Radiological features of screening-detected and interval breast cancers and subsequent survival in Eastern Finnish women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10001. [PMID: 38693256 PMCID: PMC11063164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Interval breast cancers are diagnosed between scheduled screenings and differ in many respects from screening-detected cancers. Studies comparing the survival of patients with interval and screening-detected cancers have reported differing results. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological and histopathological features and growth rates of screening-detected and interval breast cancers and subsequent survival. This retrospective study included 942 female patients aged 50-69 years with breast cancers treated and followed-up at Kuopio University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016. The screening-detected and interval cancers were classified as true, minimal-signs, missed, or occult. The radiological features were assessed on mammograms by one of two specialist breast radiologists with over 15 years of experience. A χ2 test was used to examine the association between radiological and pathological variables; an unpaired t test was used to compare the growth rates of missed and minimal-signs cancers; and the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to examine survival after screening-detected and interval cancers. Sixty occult cancers were excluded, so a total of 882 women (mean age 60.4 ± 5.5 years) were included, in whom 581 had screening-detected cancers and 301 interval cancers. Disease-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival were all worse after interval cancer than after screening-detected cancer (p < 0.001), with a mean follow-up period of 8.2 years. There were no statistically significant differences in survival between the subgroups of screening-detected or interval cancers. Missed interval cancers had faster growth rates (0.47% ± 0.77%/day) than missed screening-detected cancers (0.21% ± 0.11%/day). Most cancers (77.2%) occurred in low-density breasts (< 25%). The most common lesion types were masses (73.9%) and calcifications (13.4%), whereas distortions (1.8%) and asymmetries (1.7%) were the least common. Survival was worse after interval cancers than after screening-detected cancers, attributed to their more-aggressive histopathological characteristics, more nodal and distant metastases, and faster growth rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Nykänen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mazen Sudah
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amro Masarwah
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hidemi Okuma
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lan Q, Trela E, Lindström R, Satta JP, Kaczyńska B, Christensen MM, Holzenberger M, Jernvall J, Mikkola ML. Mesenchyme instructs growth while epithelium directs branching in the mouse mammary gland. eLife 2024; 13:e93326. [PMID: 38441552 PMCID: PMC10959526 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a unique organ that undergoes dynamic alterations throughout a female's reproductive life, making it an ideal model for developmental, stem cell and cancer biology research. Mammary gland development begins in utero and proceeds via a quiescent bud stage before the initial outgrowth and subsequent branching morphogenesis. How mammary epithelial cells transit from quiescence to an actively proliferating and branching tissue during embryogenesis and, importantly, how the branch pattern is determined remain largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence indicating that epithelial cell proliferation and onset of branching are independent processes, yet partially coordinated by the Eda signaling pathway. Through heterotypic and heterochronic epithelial-mesenchymal recombination experiments between mouse mammary and salivary gland tissues and ex vivo live imaging, we demonstrate that unlike previously concluded, the mode of branching is an intrinsic property of the mammary epithelium whereas the pace of growth and the density of ductal tree are determined by the mesenchyme. Transcriptomic profiling and ex vivo and in vivo functional studies in mice disclose that mesenchymal Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, and in particular IGF-1 downstream of it critically regulate mammary gland growth. These results underscore the general need to carefully deconstruct the different developmental processes producing branched organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lan
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ewelina Trela
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riitta Lindström
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jyoti Prabha Satta
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Beata Kaczyńska
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mona M Christensen
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Jukka Jernvall
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Remes TM, Suo-Palosaari MH, Arikoski PM, Harila M, Koskenkorva PKT, Lähteenmäki PM, Lönnqvist TRI, Ojaniemi MK, Pohjasniemi H, Puosi R, Ritari N, Sirkiä KH, Sutela AK, Toiviainen-Salo SM, Rantala HMJ, Harila AH. Radiotherapy-induced vascular cognitive impairment 20 years after childhood brain tumor. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:362-373. [PMID: 37758202 PMCID: PMC10836776 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have established that radiotherapy for childhood brain tumors (BTs) increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD); however, it is unclear how this will affect cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the associations between radiotherapy-induced CVD, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and neurocognitive outcomes in adult survivors of childhood BTs. METHODS In a cross-sectional setting, we conducted a national cohort that included 68 radiotherapy-treated survivors of childhood BTs after a median follow-up of 20 years. Markers of CVD and WMHs were evaluated using brain MRI, and the sum of CVD-related findings was calculated. Additionally, the associations among CVD findings, WMHs, and neuropsychological test results were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 68 childhood BT survivors, 54 (79%) were diagnosed with CVD and/or WMHs at a median age of 27 years. CVD and/or WMHs were associated with lower scores for verbal intelligence quotient, performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), executive function, memory, and visuospatial ability (P < .05). Additionally, survivors with microbleeds had greater impairments in the PIQ, processing speed, executive function, and visuospatial ability (P < .05). WMHs and CVD burden were associated with greater difficulties in memory function and visuospatial ability (P < .05). Small-vessel disease burden was associated with PIQ scores, processing speed, working memory, and visuospatial ability. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that markers of radiotherapy-induced CVD, the additive effect of CVD markers, and risk factors of dementia are associated with cognitive impairment, which may suggest that the survivors are at a high risk of developing early-onset dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Maria Remes
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Child Neurology, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Helena Suo-Palosaari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Matti Arikoski
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Harila
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Päivi Maria Lähteenmäki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Riitta Irmeli Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Katariina Ojaniemi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Riina Puosi
- Department of Child Neurology, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Ritari
- Department of Child Neurology, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsti Helena Sirkiä
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence, Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kaarina Sutela
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Maria Toiviainen-Salo
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Heikki Markku Johannes Rantala
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Helena Harila
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gudhe NR, Kosma VM, Behravan H, Mannermaa A. Nuclei instance segmentation from histopathology images using Bayesian dropout based deep learning. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 37858043 PMCID: PMC10585914 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deterministic deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various medical image analysis tasks, including nuclei segmentation from histopathology images. The deterministic models focus on improving the model prediction accuracy without assessing the confidence in the predictions. METHODS We propose a semantic segmentation model using Bayesian representation to segment nuclei from the histopathology images and to further quantify the epistemic uncertainty. We employ Bayesian approximation with Monte-Carlo (MC) dropout during the inference time to estimate the model's prediction uncertainty. RESULTS We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on the PanNuke dataset, which consists of 312 visual fields from 19 organ types. We compare the nuclei segmentation accuracy of our approach with that of a fully convolutional neural network, U-Net, SegNet, and the state-of-the-art Hover-net. We use F1-score and intersection over union (IoU) as the evaluation metrics. The proposed approach achieves a mean F1-score of 0.893 ± 0.008 and an IoU value of 0.868 ± 0.003 on the test set of the PanNuke dataset. These results outperform the Hover-net, which has a mean F1-score of 0.871 ± 0.010 and an IoU value of 0.840 ± 0.032. CONCLUSIONS The proposed approach, which incorporates Bayesian representation and Monte-Carlo dropout, demonstrates superior performance in segmenting nuclei from histopathology images compared to existing models such as U-Net, SegNet, and Hover-net. By considering the epistemic uncertainty, our model provides a more reliable estimation of the prediction confidence. These findings highlight the potential of Bayesian deep learning for improving medical image analysis tasks and can contribute to the development of more accurate and reliable computer-aided diagnostic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Gudhe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Multidisciplinary Cancer research community RC Cancer, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Multidisciplinary Cancer research community RC Cancer, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hamid Behravan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Multidisciplinary Cancer research community RC Cancer, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Multidisciplinary Cancer research community RC Cancer, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Joensuu H, Wardelmann E, Eriksson M, Reichardt A, Hall KS, Schütte J, Cameron S, Hohenberger P, Sihto H, Jost PJ, Lindner LH, Bauer S, Nilsson B, Kallio R, Pesonen T, Reichardt P. KIT and PDGFRA Mutations and Survival of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Adjuvant Imatinib in a Randomized Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3313-3319. [PMID: 37014660 PMCID: PMC10472091 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available about the influence of KIT and PDGFRA mutations on overall survival (OS) of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) treated with adjuvant imatinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group XVIII/AIO multicenter trial accrued 400 patients with a high risk for GIST recurrence after macroscopically complete surgery between February 4, 2004, and September 29, 2008. The patients received adjuvant imatinib 400 mg/day for either 1 year or 3 years based on random allocation. We analyzed using conventional sequencing KIT and PDGFRA mutations centrally from 341 (85%) patients who had localized, centrally confirmed GIST, and correlated the results with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS in exploratory analyses. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 10 years, 164 RFS events and 76 deaths occurred. Most patients were re-treated with imatinib when GIST recurred. Patients with KIT exon 11 deletion or indel mutation treated with 3 years of adjuvant imatinib survived longer than patients treated for 1 year [10-year OS 86% versus 64%, respectively; HR, 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-0.72; P = 0.007], and also had longer RFS (10-year RFS 47% versus 29%; HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.74; P < 0.001). Patients with KIT exon 9 mutation had unfavorable OS regardless of the duration of adjuvant imatinib. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 1 year of imatinib, 3 years of adjuvant imatinib led to 66% reduction in the estimated risk of death and a high 10-year OS rate in the subset of patients with a KIT exon 11 deletion/indel mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital and Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette Reichardt
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Sarkomzentrum Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Sundby Hall
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Silke Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- Division of Surgical Oncology & Thoracic Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harri Sihto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp J. Jost
- Medical Department III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars H. Lindner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bengt Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raija Kallio
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Peter Reichardt
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Sarkomzentrum Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Silvoniemi A, Laine J, Aro K, Nissi L, Bäck L, Schildt J, Hirvonen J, Hagström J, Irjala H, Aaltonen LM, Seppänen M, Minn H. Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Metabolic Tumor Burden Determined with FDG-PET/CT. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3970. [PMID: 37568786 PMCID: PMC10416934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) in venous blood is a promising tool for the genomic profiling of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The association between ctDNA findings and metabolic tumor burden detected with FDG-PET/CT imaging is of particular interest for developing prognostic and predictive algorithms in HNSCC. METHODS Twenty-six prospectively enrolled HNSCC patients were eligible for further analysis. All patients underwent tumor tissue and venous liquid biopsy sampling and FDG-PET/CT before definitive oncologic treatment. An NGS-based commercial panel was used for a genomic analysis of the samples. RESULTS Maximum variant allele frequency (VAF) in blood correlated positively with whole-body (WB) metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (r = 0.510, p = 0.008 and r = 0.584, p = 0.002, respectively). A positive liquid biopsy was associated with high WB-TLG using VAF ≥ 1.00% or ≥5.00% as a cut-off value (p = 0.006 or p = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, ctDNA detection was associated with WB-TLG when only concordant variants detected in both ctDNA and tissue samples were considered. CONCLUSIONS A high metabolic tumor burden based on FDG imaging is associated with a positive liquid biopsy and high maximum VAF. Our findings suggest a complementary role of metabolic and genomic signatures in the pre-treatment evaluation of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Silvoniemi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Laine
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Aro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Nissi
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Leif Bäck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Schildt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Minn
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ukkola I, Nummela P, Heiskanen A, Holm M, Zafar S, Kero M, Haglund C, Satomaa T, Kytölä S, Ristimäki A. N-Glycomic Profiling of Microsatellite Unstable Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3571. [PMID: 37509233 PMCID: PMC10376987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation affects cancer progression and immune evasion. Approximately 15% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) demonstrate microsatellite instability (MSI) and display major differences in outcomes and therapeutic responses, as compared to corresponding microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. We compared the N-glycan profiles of stage II and IV MSI CRC tumors, further subdivided into BRAFV600E wild-type and mutated subgroups (n = 10 in each subgroup), with each other and with those of paired non-neoplastic mucosal samples using mass spectrometry. Further, the N-glycans of BRAFV600E wild-type stage II MSI tumors were compared to corresponding MSS tumors (n = 9). Multiple differences in N-glycan profiles were identified between the MSI CRCs and control tissues, as well as between the stage II MSI and MSS samples. The MSI CRC tumors showed a lower relative abundance of high-mannose N-glycans than did the control tissues or the MSS CRCs. Among MSI CRC subgroups, acidic N-glycans showed tumor stage and BRAF mutation status-dependent variation. Specifically, the large, sulfated/phosphorylated, and putative terminal N-acetylhexosamine-containing acidic N-glycans differed between the MSI CRC subgroups, showing opposite changes in stages II and IV, when comparing BRAF mutated and wild-type tumors. Our results show that molecular subgroups of CRC exhibit characteristic glycan profiles that may explain certain carcinogenic properties of MSI tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iiris Ukkola
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nummela
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Matilda Holm
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sadia Zafar
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Kero
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Satomaa
- Glykos Finland Co., Ltd., 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soili Kytölä
- HUSLAB, Department of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heino S, Fang S, Lähde M, Högström J, Nassiri S, Campbell A, Flanagan D, Raven A, Hodder M, Nasreddin N, Xue HH, Delorenzi M, Leedham S, Petrova TV, Sansom O, Alitalo K. Lef1 restricts ectopic crypt formation and tumor cell growth in intestinal adenomas. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj0512. [PMID: 34788095 PMCID: PMC8598008 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in APC or CTNNB1 genes lead to aberrant Wnt signaling and colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression via-catenin–T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor TCF/LEF transcription factors. We found that Lef1 was expressed exclusively in Apc-mutant, Wnt ligand–independent tumors, but not in ligand-dependent, serrated tumors. To analyze Lef1 function in tumor development, we conditionally deleted Lef1 in intestinal stem cells of Apcfl/fl mice or broadly from the entire intestinal epithelium of Apcfl/fl or ApcMin/+ mice. Loss of Lef1 markedly increased tumor initiation and tumor cell proliferation, reduced the expression of several Wnt antagonists, and increased Myc proto-oncogene expression and formation of ectopic crypts in Apc-mutant adenomas. Our results uncover a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism in CRC, in which ectopic Lef1 expression suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis by restricting adenoma cell dedifferentiation to a crypt-progenitor phenotype and by reducing the formation of cancer stem cell niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Heino
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shentong Fang
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Marianne Lähde
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Högström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dustin Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alexander Raven
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Michael Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nadia Nasreddin
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Simon Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Owen Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mäkinen A, Nikkilä A, Haapaniemi T, Oksa L, Mehtonen J, Vänskä M, Heinäniemi M, Paavonen T, Lohi O. IGF2BP3 Associates with Proliferative Phenotype and Prognostic Features in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1505. [PMID: 33805930 PMCID: PMC8037952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) belongs to a family of RNA-binding proteins involved in localization, stability, and translational regulation of target RNAs. IGF2BP3 is used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in several malignancies. Although the prognosis of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has improved, a subgroup of patients exhibits high-risk features and suffer from disease recurrence. We sought to identify additional biomarkers to improve diagnostics, and we assessed expression of IGF2BP3 in a population-based pediatric cohort of B-ALL using a tissue microarray platform. The majority of pediatric B-ALL cases were positive for IGF2BP3 immunohistochemistry and were associated with an increased proliferative phenotype and activated STAT5 signaling pathway. Two large gene expression data sets were probed for the expression of IGF2BP3-the highest levels were seen among the B-cell lymphomas of a germinal center origin and well-established (KMT2A-rearranged and ETV6-RUNX1) and novel subtypes of B-ALL (e.g., NUTM1 and ETV6-RUNX1-like). A high mRNA for IGF2BP3 was associated with a proliferative "metagene" signature and a high expression of CDK6 in B-ALL. A low expression portended inferior survival in a high-risk cohort of pediatric B-ALL. Overall, our results show that IGF2BP3 shows subtype-specificity in expression and provides prognostic utility in high-risk B-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artturi Mäkinen
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (T.H.); (T.P.)
| | - Atte Nikkilä
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
| | - Teppo Haapaniemi
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (T.H.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Oksa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Matti Vänskä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (T.H.); (T.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.N.); (L.O.); (O.L.)
- Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vehmanen L, Sievänen H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Nikander R, Huovinen R, Ruohola J, Penttinen HM, Utriainen M, Tokola K, Blomqvist C, Saarto T. Five-year follow-up results of aerobic and impact training on bone mineral density in early breast cancer patients. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:473-482. [PMID: 32886189 PMCID: PMC7929955 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A 12-month exercise program reversibly prevented hip bone loss in premenopausal women with early breast cancer. The bone-protective effect was maintained for 2 years after the end of the program but was lost thereafter. PURPOSE Breast cancer survivors are at an increased risk for osteoporosis and fracture. This 5-year follow-up of a randomized impact exercise intervention trial evaluated the maintenance of training effects on bone among breast cancer patients. METHODS Five hundred seventy-three early breast cancer patients aged 35-68 years and treated with adjuvant therapy were allocated into a 12-month exercise program or a control group. Four hundred forty-four patients (77%) were included in the 5-year analysis. The exercise intervention comprised weekly supervised step aerobics, circuit exercises, and home training. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity was estimated in metabolic equivalent (MET) hours per week and physical performance assessed by 2-km walking and figure-8 running tests. RESULTS In premenopausal patients, the 12-month exercise program maintained femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) aBMD for 3 years, but the protective effect was lost thereafter. The mean FN aBMD change in the exercise and control groups was - 0.2% and - 1.5% 1 year, - 1.1% and - 2.1% 3 years and - 3.3% versus - 2.4% 5 years after the beginning of the intervention, respectively. Lumbar spine (LS) bone loss was not prevented in premenopausal women and no training effects on aBMD were seen in postmenopausal women. The main confounding element of the study was the unexpected rise in physical activity among patients in the control group. The physical performance improved among premenopausal women in the exercise group compared with the controls. CONCLUSION The 12-month exercise program prevented FN and TH bone loss in premenopausal breast cancer patients for 3 years. The bone-protective effect was reversible and lost thereafter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vehmanen
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tampere University Central Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Nikander
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R Huovinen
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Ruohola
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - M Utriainen
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - C Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - T Saarto
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ianevski A, Lahtela J, Javarappa KK, Sergeev P, Ghimire BR, Gautam P, Vähä-Koskela M, Turunen L, Linnavirta N, Kuusanmäki H, Kontro M, Porkka K, Heckman CA, Mattila P, Wennerberg K, Giri AK, Aittokallio T. Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe4038. [PMID: 33608276 PMCID: PMC7895436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive drug resistance requires rational approaches to design personalized combinatorial treatments that exploit patient-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities to selectively target disease-driving cell subpopulations. To solve the combinatorial explosion challenge, we implemented an effective machine learning approach that prioritizes patient-customized drug combinations with a desired synergy-efficacy-toxicity balance by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with ex vivo single-agent testing in scarce patient-derived primary cells. When applied to two diagnostic and two refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient cases, each with a different genetic background, we accurately predicted patient-specific combinations that not only resulted in synergistic cancer cell co-inhibition but also were capable of targeting specific AML cell subpopulations that emerge in differing stages of disease pathogenesis or treatment regimens. Our functional precision oncology approach provides an unbiased means for systematic identification of personalized combinatorial regimens that selectively co-inhibit leukemic cells while avoiding inhibition of nonmalignant cells, thereby increasing their likelihood for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Sergeev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bishwa R Ghimire
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nora Linnavirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kontro
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anil K Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ianevski A, Giri AK, Aittokallio T. SynergyFinder 2.0: visual analytics of multi-drug combination synergies. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W488-W493. [PMID: 32246720 PMCID: PMC7319457 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SynergyFinder (https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi) is a stand-alone web-application for interactive analysis and visualization of drug combination screening data. Since its first release in 2017, SynergyFinder has become a widely used web-tool both for the discovery of novel synergistic drug combinations in pre-clinical model systems (e.g. cell lines or primary patient-derived cells), and for better understanding of mechanisms of combination treatment efficacy or resistance. Here, we describe the latest version of SynergyFinder (release 2.0), which has extensively been upgraded through the addition of novel features supporting especially higher-order combination data analytics and exploratory visualization of multi-drug synergy patterns, along with automated outlier detection procedure, extended curve-fitting functionality and statistical analysis of replicate measurements. A number of additional improvements were also implemented based on the user requests, including new visualization and export options, updated user interface, as well as enhanced stability and performance of the web-tool. With these improvements, SynergyFinder 2.0 is expected to greatly extend its potential applications in various areas of multi-drug combinatorial screening and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Anil K Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Okuma H, Sudah M, Kettunen T, Niukkanen A, Sutela A, Masarwah A, Kosma VM, Auvinen P, Mannermaa A, Vanninen R. Peritumor to tumor apparent diffusion coefficient ratio is associated with biologically more aggressive breast cancer features and correlates with the prognostication tools. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235278. [PMID: 32584887 PMCID: PMC7316248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is increasingly used to characterize breast cancer. The peritumor/tumor ADC ratio is suggested to be a reliable and generally applicable index. However, its overall prognostication value remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the associations between the peritumor/tumor ADC ratio and histopathological biomarkers and published prognostic tools in patients with invasive breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 88 lesions (five bilateral) in 83 patients with primary invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. The lowest intratumoral mean ADC value on the slice with the largest tumor cross-sectional area was designated the tumor ADC, and the highest mean ADC value on the peritumoral breast parenchymal tissue adjacent to the tumor border was designated the peritumor ADC. The peritumor/tumor ADC ratio was then calculated. The tumor and peritumor ADC values and peritumor/tumor ADC ratios were compared with histopathological parameters using an unpaired t test, and their correlations with published prognostic tools were evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The peritumor/tumor ADC ratio was significantly associated with tumor size (p<0.001), histological grade (p = 0.005), Ki-67 index (p = 0.006), axillary-lymph-node metastasis (p = 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.006), but was not associated with estrogen receptor status (p = 0.931), progesterone receptor status (p = 0.160), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (p = 0.259). The peritumor/tumor ADC ratio showed moderate positive correlations with the Nottingham Prognostic Index (r = 0.498, p<0.001) and mortality predicted using PREDICT (r = 0.436, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The peritumor/tumor ADC ratio was correlated with histopathological biomarkers in patients with invasive breast cancer, showed significant correlations with published prognostic indexes, and may provide an easily applicable imaging index for the preoperative prognostic evaluation of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Okuma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mazen Sudah
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia Kettunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Niukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Sutela
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amro Masarwah
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barber-Pérez N, Georgiadou M, Guzmán C, Isomursu A, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Mechano-responsiveness of fibrillar adhesions on stiffness-gradient gels. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242909. [PMID: 32393601 PMCID: PMC7328166 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar adhesions are important structural and adhesive components in fibroblasts, and are required for fibronectin fibrillogenesis. While nascent and focal adhesions are known to respond to mechanical cues, the mechanoresponsive nature of fibrillar adhesions remains unclear. Here, we used ratiometric analysis of paired adhesion components to determine an appropriate fibrillar adhesion marker. We found that active α5β1-integrin exhibits the most definitive fibrillar adhesion localization compared to other proteins, such as tensin-1, reported to be in fibrillar adhesions. To elucidate the mechanoresponsiveness of fibrillar adhesions, we designed a cost-effective and reproducible technique to fabricate physiologically relevant stiffness gradients on thin polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels, embedded with fluorescently labelled beads. We generated a correlation curve between bead density and hydrogel stiffness, thus enabling a readout of stiffness without the need for specialized knowhow, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM). We find that stiffness promotes growth of fibrillar adhesions in a tensin-1-dependent manner. Thus, the formation of these extracellular matrix-depositing structures is coupled to the mechanical parameters of the cell environment and may enable cells to fine-tune their matrix environment in response to changing physical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Barber-Pérez
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saarinen L, Nummela P, Thiel A, Lehtonen R, Järvinen P, Järvinen H, Aaltonen LA, Lepistö A, Hautaniemi S, Ristimäki A. Multiple components of PKA and TGF-β pathways are mutated in pseudomyxoma peritonei. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174898. [PMID: 28426742 PMCID: PMC5398530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a subtype of mucinous adenocarcinoma mainly restricted to the peritoneal cavity and most commonly originating from the appendix. The genetic background of PMP is poorly understood and no targeted treatments are currently available for this fatal disease. While RAS signaling pathway is affected in most if not all PMP cases and over half of them also have a mutation in the GNAS gene, other genetic alterations and affected pathways are, to a large degree, poorly known. In this study, we sequenced whole coding genome of nine PMP tumors and paired normal tissues in order to identify additional, commonly mutated genes and signaling pathways affected in PMP. These exome sequencing results were validated with an ultra-deep amplicon sequencing method, leading to 14 validated variants. The validated results contain seven genes that contribute to the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. PKA pathway, which also contains GNAS, is a major player of overproduction of mucin, which is the characteristic feature of PMP. In addition to PKA pathway, we identified mutations in six genes that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway, which is a key regulator of cell proliferation. Since either GNAS mutation or an alternative mutation in the PKA pathway was identified in 8/9 patients, inhibition of the PKA pathway might reduce mucin production in most of the PMP patients and potentially suppress disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Saarinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nummela
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Thiel
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petrus Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Ras-induced senescence mediated through ASPP2 represents a barrier to tumour formation. It is initiated by ASPP2’s interaction with Ras at the plasma membrane, which stimulates the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Ras to Raf signalling requires Ras to be organized in nanoscale signalling complexes, called nanocluster. We therefore wanted to investigate whether ASPP2 affects Ras nanoclustering. Here we show that ASPP2 increases the nanoscale clustering of all oncogenic Ras isoforms, H-ras, K-ras and N-ras. Structure-function analysis with ASPP2 truncation mutants suggests that the nanocluster scaffolding activity of ASPP2 converges on its α-helical domain. While ASPP2 increased effector recruitment and stimulated ERK and AKT phosphorylation, it did not increase colony formation of RasG12V transformed NIH/3T3 cells. By contrast, ASPP2 was able to suppress the transformation enhancing ability of the nanocluster scaffold Gal-1, by competing with the specific effect of Gal-1 on H-rasG12V- and K-rasG12V-nanoclustering, thus imposing ASPP2’s ERK and AKT signalling signature. Similarly, ASPP2 robustly induced senescence and strongly abrogated mammosphere formation irrespective of whether it was expressed alone or together with Gal-1, which by itself showed the opposite effect in Ras wt or H-ras mutant breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that Gal-1 and ASPP2 functionally compete in nanocluster for active Ras on the plasma membrane. ASPP2 dominates the biological outcome, thus switching from a Gal-1 supported growth-promoting setting to a senescence inducing and stemness suppressive program in cancer cells. Our results support Ras nanocluster as major integrators of tumour fate decision events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar M. D. Posada
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marc Serulla
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Yong Zhou
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Benoît Lectez
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|