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Phong Lam V, Loi DN, Shin J, Mi LK, Park J. Optimization of salicylic acid concentrations for increasing antioxidant enzymes and bioactive compounds of Agastache rugosa in a plant factory. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306340. [PMID: 39052558 PMCID: PMC11271957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role as a hormone in plants and belongs to the group of phenolic compounds. Our objective was to determine the optimal concentration of SA for enhancing the production of bioactive compounds in Agastache rugosa plants while maintaining optimal plant growth. The plants underwent SA soaking treatments at different concentrations (i.e., 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 μmol mol-1) for 10 min at 7 days after they were transplanted. We observed that elevated levels of SA at 800 and 1600 μmol mol-1 induced oxidative stress, leading to a significant reduction across many plant growth variables, including leaf length, width, number, area, shoot fresh weight (FW), stem FW and length, and whole plant dry weights (DW) compared with that in the control plants. Additionally, the treatment with 1600 μmol mol-1 SA resulted in the lowest values of flower branch number, FW and DW of flowers, and DW of leaf, stem, and root. Conversely, applying 400 μmol mol-1 SA resulted in the greatest increase of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, total Chl, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and SPAD values. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased with increased SA concentrations (i.e., 800 and 1600 μmol mol-1). Furthermore, the higher SA treatments (i.e., 400, 800, and 1600 μmol mol-1) enhanced the phenolic contents, and almost all SA treatments increased the antioxidant capacity. The rosmarinic acid content peaked under 200 μmol mol-1 SA treatment. However, under 400 μmol mol-1 SA, tilianin and acacetin contents reached their highest levels. These findings demonstrate that immersing the roots in 200 and 400 μmol mol-1 SA enhances the production of bioactive compounds in hydroponically cultivated A. rugosa without compromising plant growth. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the impact of SA on A. rugosa and its potential implications for medicinal plant cultivation and phytochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Phong Lam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Agronomy, Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam
| | - Dao Nhan Loi
- Department of Agronomy, Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Juhyung Shin
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Lee Kyeong Mi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongseok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Li Y, Huang L, Xu Y, Cheng B, Zhao M. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Rosemary Essential Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity by Activating Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:3382. [PMID: 39064960 PMCID: PMC11279388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosemary essential oil (REO) is widely recognized as a food flavoring and traditional herb and possesses potential antioxidant activity. However, its low yield rate and unclarified antioxidant mechanism warrant further investigation. In this study, an enzyme pretreatment-assisted extraction method with Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) models was employed to optimize the main factors of REO, and its antioxidant molecular mechanism under oxidative stress was elucidated in hydrogen peroxide-induced human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The optimized yield (4.10%) of REO was recorded with the following optimum conditions: enzyme amount 1.60%, enzyme digestion pH 5.0, enzyme digestion temperature 46.50 °C, and enzyme digestion time 1.7 h. Meanwhile, 1.8-cineole (53.48%) and β-pinene (20.23%) exhibited radical scavenging activity higher than that of BHA and BHT. At the cellular level, REO (12.5-50 µg/mL) increased the levels of cell viability, CAT, SOD, and GSH significantly while reducing the contents of ROS, MDA, and GSSG, when compared to H2O2 exposure. Mechanically, REO relieved oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhancing the protein expression of Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1, which was further verified by molecular docking between the main component 1.8-cineole and the Kelch domain of KEAP1. Therefore, REO could be considered as a potent natural antioxidant with a potential strategy in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongfang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Naik HN, Kanjariya D, Parveen S, Meena A, Ahmad I, Patel H, Meena R, Jauhari S. Dalbergia sissoo phytochemicals as EGFR inhibitors: an in vitro and in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5415-5427. [PMID: 37394798 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2229437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The safest and most effective sources of medications are natural and traditional medicines derived from plants and herbs. In Western India, various parts of the Dalbergia sissoo plant, which belongs to the Fabaceae family, have been traditionally used to treat different types of cancer by the local tribes. However, this claim has not been scientifically proven yet. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity) and anticancer effects of different plant extracts from Dalbergia sissoo bark, root, and branch on six different cancer cell lines (K562, PC3, A431, A549, NCIH 460, and HEK 293 T) using in vitro cell viability and cytotoxicity assays. The study also involved in silico docking, MD simulation, and ADME studies of previously reported bioactive compounds from the same parts of the plant to confirm their bioactivity. The DPPH radical scavenging experiment findings showed that the methanol: water extract of the bark had a more significant antioxidant activity IC50 (45.63 ± 1.24 mg/mL). Furthermore, the extract prevented the growth of the A431, A549, and NCIH 460 cancer cell lines with the lowest IC50 values of 15.37, 29.09, and 17.02 g/mL, respectively, demonstrating remarkable anticancer potential. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies revealed that Prunetin, Tectorigenin, and Prunetin 4'-O-Galactoside show efficient binding to the EGFR binding domain. This study suggests that tested hits may have antioxidant and anticancer agents and can be considered for future applications in the pharma sector.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem N Naik
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | - Dilip Kanjariya
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- Natural Product and Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Smita Jauhari
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Saini S, Gupta S, Chauhan S, Kushwaha K, Lahiri D, Sircar D, Roy P. Assessment of the mechanistic role of an Indian traditionally used ayurvedic herb Bacopa monnieri (L.)Wettst. for ameliorating oxidative stress in neuronal cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117899. [PMID: 38341111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study has important ethnopharmacological implications since it systematically investigated the therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri(L.) Wettst. (Brahmi) in treating neurological disorders characterized by oxidative stress-a growing issue in the aging population. Bacopa monnieri, which is strongly rooted in Ayurveda, has long been recognized for its neuroprotective and cognitive advantages. The study goes beyond conventional wisdom by delving into the molecular complexities of Bacopa monnieri, particularly its active ingredient, Bacoside-A, in countering oxidative stress. The study adds to the ethnopharmacological foundation for using this herbal remedy in the context of neurodegenerative disorders by unravelling the scientific underpinnings of Bacopa monnieri's effectiveness, particularly at the molecular level, against brain damage and related conditions influenced by oxidative stress. This dual approach, which bridges traditional wisdom and modern investigation, highlights Bacopa monnieri's potential as a helpful natural remedy for oxidative stress-related neurological diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the detailed molecular mechanism of action (in vitro, in silico and in vivo) of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. methanolic extract and its active compound, Bacoside-A, against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS ROS generation activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium deposition and apoptosis were studied through DCFDA, Rhodamine-123, FURA-2 AM and AO/EtBr staining respectively. In silico study to check the effect of Bacoside-A on the Nrf-2 and Keap1 axis was performed through molecular docking study and validated experimentally through immunofluorescence co-localization study. In vivo antioxidant activity of Bacopa monnieri extract was assessed by screening the oxidative stress markers and stress-inducing hormone levels as well as through histopathological analysis of tissues. RESULTS The key outcome of this study is that the methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri (BME) and its active component, Bacoside-A, protect against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. At 100 and 20 μg/ml, BME and Bacoside-A respectively quenched ROS, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased calcium deposition, and inhibited HT-22 mouse hippocampus cell death. BME and Bacoside-A regulated the Keap1 and Nrf-2 axis and their downstream antioxidant enzyme-specific genes to modify cellular antioxidant machinery. In vivo experiments utilizing rats subjected to restrained stress indicated that pre-treatment with BME (50 mg/kg) downregulated oxidative stress markers and stress-inducing hormones, and histological staining demonstrated that BME protected the neuronal cells of the Cornu Ammonis (CA1) area in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study suggests that Bacopa monnieri(L.) Wettst. has significant potential as a natural remedy for neurodegenerative disorders, and its active compounds could be developed as new drugs for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India; Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharshi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Komal Kushwaha
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Ojo AB, Adanlawo IG. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoid-rich fractions of Solanum anguivi Lam. fruit: In vitro and ex vivo studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31895. [PMID: 38841505 PMCID: PMC11152952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major, rapidly growing endocrine disorder in most countries. The high cost and side effects of conventional drugs for the management of this disease have shifted attention to medicinal plants. Solanum anguivi (S. anguivi) fruits has been reported to be a very good and rich source of polyphenols such as flavonoids, that can be exploited. Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites widely found in vegetables, fruits and seeds and are known to be of medicinal significance in different range of diseases like diabetes. This study involved in vitro and ex vivo assays on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of flavonoid-rich fractions of S. anguivi fruits. Healthy male Wistar rats (n = 5) weighing 150-180 g were used for ex vivo antioxidant and antidiabetic studies, their liver was exercised for the experiment. The percentage yields of the three flavonoid-rich fractions (Fr. A, B, and C) of S. anguivi fruits obtained from the column chromatographic technique were 15.53 ± 0.75, 11.53 ± 0.80, and 10.17 ± 0.49 mg/g quercetin equivalents. The three fractions (A, B, and C) of S. anguivi fruits significantly scavenged both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with fraction A having the lowest IC50 value (26.14 ± 1.06 μg/ml) compared with fraction B (37.78 ± 5.12 μg/ml) and fraction C (38.24 ± 2.40 μg/ml) when compared with ascorbic acid with the least IC50 value (15.27 ± 0.34 μg/ml). While fraction A (19.61 ± 1.19 μg/ml) scavenged nitric oxide (NO) radicals better than fraction B (22.97 ± 0.55 μg/ml) and fraction C (49.95 ± 6.18 μg/ml). Although ascorbic acid had better scavenging ability than the three fractions (17.23 ± 0.16 μg/ml). The flavonoid-rich fraction A shows better result in inhibiting α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 16.24 μg/ml compared to fraction B (128.04 μg/ml) and fraction C (143.16 μg/ml). For α-amylase, flavonoid-rich fraction A had an IC50 of 31.50 μg/ml compared to B (84.32 μg/ml) and C (145.40 μg/ml). The various controls also showed promising results with acarbose having IC50 of 3.93 μg/mL and 15.66 μg/mL respectively for α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Our findings also showed that FeSO4-induced tissue damage decreased the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT activities while increasing the levels of MDA. In contrast, following treatment with the three flavonoid fractions of S. anguivi fruits helped to restore these parameters to near-normal levels, by significantly increasing the potential of GSH, SOD, CAT and reducing the levels of MDA which signifies that flavonoid-rich fractions of S. anguivi have great potential to address complications arising from oxidative stress. In addition, the three flavonoid-rich fractions A, B, and C of S. anguivi fruits exhibited ex vivo anti-inflammatory properties via reduced nitric oxide levels in iron-induced oxidative damage. Data obtained from this study shows that the flavonoid-rich fraction of S. anguivi possess anti-diabetic property via inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase and antioxidant property via free radical scavenging. Also, comparing all the fractions, flavonoid-rich fraction A appears to be more potent compared to the fractions B and C. Further research will be needed in isolating and as well applying the fractions in real life situations in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Busola Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Westland University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Chen X, Zhang K, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Evaluation on the traditional safe use of Kochiae Fructus oriented by antioxidant properties and oral safety of its ethanolic extract. Toxicon 2024; 243:107725. [PMID: 38642904 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Kochiae Fructus (KF) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used to delay aging and treat inflammation, such as rubella, eczema, cutaneous pruritus, etc. In order to fully understand the traditional medicinal value of KF, we evaluated the antioxidant properties and oral safety of its ethanolic extract. Considering flavonoids and phenolics in medicinal plants generally have strong antioxidant activity, we firstly detected the total flavonoids and phenolics contents of KFEE and its fractions. Secondly, we evaluated the antioxidant activities of KFEE and its fractions. Finally, we evaluated the oral safety of KFEE by the acute and 28-day subacute toxicities. The n-butanol fraction (ENBF) possessed the highest phenolics and flavonoids with values of 77.30 ± 3.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 228.81 ± 7.56 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively. The results of antioxidant tests showed that ENBF possessed potent antioxidant ability. Among them, the high antioxidation capacity observed in ENBF could be attributed to its rich content of flavonoids and phenolics. The results of toxicological studies showed that the LD50 value of KFEE was 6000 mg/kg BW, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of KFEE was 600 mg/kg BW. According to the standards of the American Academy of Sciences for the classification of toxic substances, KFEE can be classified as practically non-toxic substance, which provided valuable evidence for the oral safety of KF as a natural aging delay medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hanlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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Saxena A, Prabhudesai KS, Damle A, Ramakrishnan S, Durairaj P, Kalankariyan S, Vijayalakshmi AB, Venkatesh KV. A systems biology-based mathematical model demonstrates the potential anti-stress effectiveness of a multi-nutrient botanical formulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9582. [PMID: 38671040 PMCID: PMC11053000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is an adaptive response to the stressors that adversely affects physiological and psychological health. Stress elicits HPA axis activation, resulting in cortisol release, ultimately contributing to oxidative, inflammatory, physiological and mental stress. Nutritional supplementations with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and stress-relieving properties are among widely preferred complementary approaches for the stress management. However, there is limited research on the potential combined impact of vitamins, minerals and natural ingredients on stress. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of a multi-nutrient botanical formulation, Nutrilite® Daily Plus, on clinical stress parameters. The stress-modulatory effects were quantified at population level using a customized sub-clinical inflammation mathematical model. The model suggested that combined intervention of botanical and micronutrients lead to significant decline in physical stress (75% decline), mental stress (70% decline), oxidative stress (55% decline) and inflammatory stress (75% decline) as evident from reduction in key stress parameters such as ROS, TNF-α, blood pressure, cortisol levels and PSS scores at both individual and population levels. Further, at the population level, the intervention relieved stress in 85% of individuals who moved towards a healthy state. The in silico studies strongly predicts the use of Gotukola based Nutrilite® Daily Plus as promising anti-stress formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Saxena
- MetFlux Research Private Limited, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Aparna Damle
- Amway Global Services India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | | | | | | | | | - K V Venkatesh
- MetFlux Research Private Limited, Bengaluru, India.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Wei H, Liu J, Liu M, Zhang H, Chen Y. Rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of sheep fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with hydroethanolic extract of walnut green husks. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:655-667. [PMID: 37946420 PMCID: PMC10915217 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of a hydroethanolic extract of walnut green husks (WGH) on rumen fermentation and the diversity of bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and fungi in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet. METHODS Five healthy small-tailed Han ewes with permanent rumen fistula were selected and housed in individual pens. This study adopted a self-controlled and crossover design with a control period and an experimental period. During the control period, the animals were fed a basal diet (with a ratio of concentrate to roughage of 65:35), while during the treatment period, the animals were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% hydroethanolic extract of WGH. Fermentation parameters, digestive enzyme activities, and microbial diversity in rumen fluid were analyzed. RESULTS Supplementation of hydroethanolic extract of WGH had no significant effect on feed intake, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, isovalerate, ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein (p>0.05). However, the ruminal pH, concentrations of acetate, butyrate and isobutyrate, the ratio of acetate to propionate, protozoa count, and the activities of filter paper cellulase and cellobiase were significantly increased (p<0.05), while concentrations of propionate and valerate were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of rumen bacteria Christensenellaceae R7 group, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group were significantly increased, while Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Prevotella 7 were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The relative abundance of the fungus Pseudomonas significantly increased, while Basidiomycota, Fusarium, and Alternaria significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, there was no significant change in the community structure of methanogenic archaea. CONCLUSION Supplementation of hydroethanolic extract of WGH to a high-concentrate diet improved the ruminal fermentation, altered the structure of ruminal bacterial and fungal communities, and exhibited beneficial effects in alleviating subacute rumen acidosis of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wei
- Laboratory of Nutrition for Meat & Dairy Herbivore, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,
China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition for Meat & Dairy Herbivore, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,
China
| | - Mengjian Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition for Meat & Dairy Herbivore, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,
China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Laboratory of Nutrition for Meat & Dairy Herbivore, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,
China
| | - Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Nutrition for Meat & Dairy Herbivore, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,
China
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Jiang F, Hua C, Pan J, Peng S, Ning D, Chen C, Li S, Xu X, Wang L, Zhang C, Li M. Effect fraction of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting p47 phox/NOX2 and promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155186. [PMID: 38387272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effect fraction of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (EFBS), a phenolic-rich extract, has significant protective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but its composition and molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study elucidated its chemical composition and possible protective mechanisms against LPS-induced ALI from an antioxidant perspective. METHODS EFBS was prepared by ethanol extraction, enriched by polyamide column chromatography, and characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The LPS-induced ALI model and the RAW264.7 model were used to evaluate the regulatory effects of EFBS on oxidative stress, and transcriptome analysis was performed to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Then, the pathway by which EFBS regulates oxidative stress was validated through inhibitor intervention, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS A total of 22 compounds in EFBS were identified. The transcriptome analyses of RAW264.7 cells indicated that EFBS might reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inhibiting the p47phox/NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) pathway and upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo data confirmed that EFBS significantly inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of p47phox protein, thereby weakening the p47phox/NOX2 pathway and reducing ROS production. EFBS significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 in primary peritoneal macrophages and lung tissue and promoted its nuclear translocation, dose-dependent increase in HO-1 levels, and enhancement of antioxidant activity. In vitro, both Nrf2 and HO-1 inhibitors significantly reduced the scavenging effects of EFBS on ROS, further confirming that EFBS exerts antioxidant effects at least partially by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS EFBS contains abundant phenanthrenes and dibenzyl polyphenols, which can reduce ROS production by inhibiting the p47phox/NOX2 pathway and enhance ROS clearance activity by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby exerting regulatory effects on oxidative stress and improving LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chenglong Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jieli Pan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Suyu Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dandan Ning
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324002, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Meiya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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10
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Shome A, Ali S, Haydar MS, Sarkar K, Roy S, Adhikary P, Roy MN. Synthesis of Spherical Mn 2O 3 Nanozymes from Different Green Precursors for their Innovative Applications in Catalytic Properties and Bioactivity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1734-1742. [PMID: 38330433 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Here, spherical Mn2O3 nanozymes were synthesized via a one-step green method using different green precursors, and their physicochemical properties and biological activities were monitored with various green precursors. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was performed to determine the crystalline properties and phases involved in the formation of cubic Mn2O3 nanozymes. The synthesized nanozymes were spherical and examined by SEM and FESEM studies. All of the samples synthesized using different green precursors exhibited different sizes but similar spherical shapes. Moreover, all green-synthesized nanozymes catalyzed the oxidation reaction of the chromogenic substrate 3,3'5,5' tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the absence of H2O2, and A2 (lemon-mediated Mn2O3 nanozymes), which the followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, showed the best activity. Therefore, A2 (lemon-mediated nanozyme) showed oxidase-mimicking activity with distinct Km and Vmax values calculated by the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Furthermore, the current nanozymes demonstrated a significant ability to kill both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as effectively destroy biofilms under physiological conditions. Moreover, the green-mediated nanozymes also displayed ROS-scavenging activity. Our nanozymes exhibited scavenging activity toward OH and O2-• radicals and metal chelation activity, which were investigated colorimetrically. Therefore, these nanozymes might be used as effective antibacterial agents and also for the consumption of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Shome
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Salim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Salman Haydar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Kushankur Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Prakriti Adhikary
- Department of Physics, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India
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11
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Hamdi E, Muñiz-Gonzalez AB, Hidouri S, Bermejo AM, Sakly M, Venero C, Amara S. Prevention of neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment induced by zinc nanoparticles by oral administration of saffron extract. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1473-1494. [PMID: 37246965 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of relatively higher dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles in brain was reported to produce neurotoxicity. Indeed, nanoparticles have a high ability to penetrate biological membranes and be uptaken by cells, which may cause cell disorders and physiological dysfunctions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, whether oral administration of saffron extract, in rats, can protect from neurotoxicity and behavioural disturbances induced by chronic administration of ZnO-NPs. Daily oral administration of ZnO-NPs was performed for 21 consecutive days to induce oxidative stress-like situation. Then after the saffron extract was concomitantly administrated in several rat groups to overcome the nanotoxicological effect induced by ZnO-NPs. In the frontal cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum, ZnO-NPs induced a H2 O2 -oxydative stress-like effect reflected in reduced enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, increased levels of proinflammatory interleukins IL-6 and IL-1-⍺ occurred in the hippocampus, reveal the existence of brain inflammation. The concomitant administration of saffron extract to animals exposed to ZnO-NPs prevented the enhanced anxiety-related to the behaviour in the elevated plus-maze test, the open field test and preserved spatial learning abilities in the Morris water maze. Moreover, animals exposed to ZnO-NPs and saffron showed abnormal activity of several antioxidant enzymes as well as acetylcholinesterase activity, an effect that may underly the preserved anxiety-like behaviour and spatial learning abilities observed in these animals. Saffron extract has a potential beneficial therapeutic effect: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essia Hamdi
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Sciences of Life, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Department of Mathematical and Fluid Physics, Environmental Toxicology and Biology Group, UNED, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Belén Muñiz-Gonzalez
- Department of Mathematical and Fluid Physics, Environmental Toxicology and Biology Group, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slah Hidouri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisie
| | - Alberto M Bermejo
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Sciences of Life, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - César Venero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salem Amara
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Sciences of Life, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences in Afif, Afif, Faculty of Sciences and Humanities, Shaqra University, Sahqra, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Jokubaite M, Pukenaite G, Marksa M, Ramanauskiene K. Balsam Poplar Buds Extracts-Loaded Gels and Emulgels: Development, Biopharmaceutical Evaluation, and Biological Activity In Vitro. Gels 2023; 9:821. [PMID: 37888394 PMCID: PMC10606801 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Balsam poplar buds have been used for wound healing and treating irritated skin in traditional medicine. Balsam poplar buds extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. In recent years, scientific research has begun to validate some of these traditional uses, leading to an increased interest in balsam poplar buds as a potential source of natural remedies in modern medicine. The study aims to simulate semi-solid pharmaceutical forms with balsam poplar buds extract and evaluate their quality through biopharmaceutical research. The active compounds identified in Lithuanian poplar buds were p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, galangin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, and salicin. In gels, pH values ranged from 5.85 ± 0.05 to 5.95 ± 0.07. The determined pH values of emulgels ranged from 5.13 ± 0.05 to 5.66 ± 0.15. After 6 h, the release of active compounds from gels and emulgels ranged from 47.40 ± 2.41% to 71.17 ± 3.54. p-coumaric acid dominates in the balsam poplar buds extracts. The pH values of the prepared sem-solid pharmaceutical forms are suitable for use on the skin. The viscosity of the formulations depends on the amount of gelling agent. All formulations showed antioxidant activity. It is relevant to conduct a more extensive study on the influence of the chosen carrier on the release of active compounds from semi-solid formulations with an extract of balsam poplar buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jokubaite
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Pukenaite
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.P.); (K.R.)
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13
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Ashfaq F, Barkat MA, Ahmad T, Hassan MZ, Ahmad R, Barkat H, Idreesh Khan M, Saad Alhodieb F, Asiri YI, Siddiqui S. Phytocompound screening, antioxidant activity and molecular docking studies of pomegranate seed: a preventive approach for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17069. [PMID: 37816760 PMCID: PMC10564957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A global hazard to public health has been generated by the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), which is spreading quickly. Pomegranate is a strong source of antioxidants and has demonstrated a number of pharmacological characteristics. This work was aimed to analyze the phytochemicals present in ethanolic pomegranate seed extract (PSE) and their in vitro antioxidant potential and further in-silico evaluation for antiviral potential against crystal structure of two nucleocapsid proteins i.e., N-terminal RNA binding domain (NRBD) and C-terminal Domain (CTD) of SARS-CoV-2. The bioactive components from ethanolic extract of PSE were assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Free radical scavenging activity of PSE was determined using DPPH dye. Molecular docking was executed through the Glide module of Maestro software. Lipinski's 5 rule was applied for drug-likeness characteristics using cheminformatics Molinspiration software while OSIRIS Data Warrior V5.5.0 was used to predict possible toxicological characteristics of components. Thirty-two phytocomponents was detected in PSE by GC-MS technique. Free radical scavenging assay revealed the high antioxidant capacity of PSE. Docking analysis showed that twenty phytocomponents from PSE exhibited good binding affinity (Docking score ≥ - 1.0 kcal/mol) towards NRBD and CTD nucleocapsid protein. This result increases the possibility that the top 20 hits could prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by concentrating on both nucleocapsid proteins. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using GROMACS was used to check their binding efficacy and internal dynamics of top complexes with the lowest docking scores. The metrics root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), intermolecular hydrogen bonding (H-bonds) and radius of gyration (Rg) revealed that the lead phytochemicals form an energetically stable complex with the target protein. Majority of the phytoconstituents exhibited drug-likeness with non-tumorigenic properties. Thus, the PSE phytoconstituents could be useful source of drug or nutraceutical development in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Ashfaq
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tanvir Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Mohd Zaheen Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Harshita Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Saad Alhodieb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya I Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003, India.
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14
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Ravi S, Duraisamy P, Krishnan M, Martin LC, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Sitosterol-rich Digera muricata against 7-ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide-mediated atherogenic responses by modulating NF-ΚB/iNOS signalling pathway in macrophages. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:331. [PMID: 37670802 PMCID: PMC10475456 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Digera muricata L., commonly known as Tartara, is an edible herb used as traditional medicine in many countries of Africa and Asia. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a phytosterol-rich extract of D. muricata on 7-ketocholesterol-mediated atherosclerosis in macrophages. The extract was examined by phytochemical analyses, GC-MS, TLC, DPPH scavenging and hRBC membrane stabilization assays. Macrophage polarization was studied with experimental groups framed based on alamar blue cell viability and griess assays. Regulations of arginase enzyme activity, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane integrity, pinocytosis, lipid uptake and peroxidation, as well as, intracellular calcium deposition were determined. In addition, expressions of atherogenic mediators were analysed using PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry techniques. Diverse phytochemicals with higher free radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory potential have been detected in the D. muricata. Co-treatment with D. muricata markedly reduced the atherogenic responses induced by 7KCh in the presence of LPS such as ROS, especially, NO and O2- along with lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, D. muricata significantly normalized mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane integrity, pinocytic activity, intracellular lipid accumulation and calcium deposition. These results provided us with the potentiality of D. muricata in ameliorating atherogenesis. Additionally, it decreased the expression of pro-atherogenic mediators (iNOS, COX-2, MMP9, IL-6, IL-1β, CD36, CD163 and TGFβ1) and increased anti-atherogenic mediators (MRC1 and PPARγ) with high cellular expressions of NF-κB and iNOS. Results showed the potential of sitosterol-rich D. muricata as a versatile biomedical therapeutic agent against abnormal macrophage polarization and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | | | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni’s College for Women, Chennai, 600 015 India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
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15
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Manimegalai P, Selvam K, Prakash P, Kirubakaran D, Shivakumar MS, SenthilNathan S. In-vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and In-silico ADMET, molecular docking study on Hardwickia binata phytocompunds with potential inhibitor of skin cancer protein. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:25. [PMID: 37750071 PMCID: PMC10517914 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The new sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for methanol extracts of Hardwickia binata Roxb were evaluated systematically. The present investigation is antibacterial, antioxidant, ADMET and molecular docking studies. Our results show the good polyphenol content (total phenol, total flavonoid) and antioxidant capacity of methanol extracts. The free radical scavenging activities of the methanol extracts also were highest, with the antioxidant activity becoming significantly greater. Furthermore, in-vitro antibacterial experiments against phytopathogens, Enterococcus faecalis have a high zone of inhibition (14 ± 0.54) compared with other pathogens. The functional groups of methanol extract were identified using FTIR. The active molecules from GCMS involved in ADMET and docking study for skin cancer proteins (1P7K and 5OTE) among the phytocompounds, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (- 6.2; - 6.6 kcal/mol) and 5-Phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamine, 2TMS derivative (- 7.50; - 8.11 kcal/mol) is the best compound for the human skin cancer possessed higher binding energy. Our results indicate that the plants can provide sources of natural compounds used for moderate good anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuppusamy Selvam
- Department of Botany, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Palanisamy Prakash
- Department of Botany, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011 Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | - Sengottayan SenthilNathan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence and Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412 Tamil Nadu India
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16
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Shekar Roy H, K M N, Rajput S, Sadhukhan S, Gowri V, Hassan Dar A, Monga M, Salaria N, Guha R, Chattopadhyay N, Jayamurugan G, Ghosh D. Efficient Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Urea-Functionalized Push-Pull Chromophore Modulates NO-Mediated Diseases. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301748. [PMID: 37431238 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The excess nitric oxide (NO) produced in the body in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli is responsible for several pathological conditions. The current approaches that target the production of excess NO, either through the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enzyme or its downstream mediators have been clinically unsuccessful. With an aim to regulate the excess NO, urea-functionalized push-pull chromophores containing 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBD) or expanded TCBD (eTCBD) were developed as NO scavengers. The NMR mechanistic studies revealed that upon NO binding, these molecules are converted to uncommon stable NONOates. The unique emissive property of Urea-eTCBD enables its application in vitro, as a NO-sensor. Furthermore, the cytocompatible Urea-eTCBD, rapidly inactivated the NO released from LPS-activated cells. The therapeutic efficacy of the molecule in modulating NO-mediated pathological condition was confirmed using a carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw model and a corneal injury model. While the results confirm the advantages of scavenging the excess NO to address a multitude of NO-mediated diseases, the promising sensing and bioactivity of Urea-eTCBD can motivate further exploration of such molecules in allied areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekar Roy
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Neethu K M
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sreyanko Sadhukhan
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Malika Monga
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Navita Salaria
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
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17
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Bokhari N, Yasmeen A, Ali A, Khalid H, Wang R, Bashir M, Sharif F. Silk Meshes Coated with Chitosan-Bioactive Phytochemicals Activate Wound Healing Genes In Vitro. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300039. [PMID: 37203244 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Meshes from natural silk are hand knitted and surface functionalized to facilitate hernia repair and other load bearing, tissue applications. Purified organic silk is - hand knitted and then coated with chitosan (CH)/bacterial cellulose (BC) blend polymer using four phytochemicals such as pomegranate (PG) peel, Nigella sativa (NS) seed, Licorice root (LE), and Bearberry leaf extracts (BE) separately. Characterizations using GCMS analysis shows the presence of bioactive chemicals in the extracts. Scanning electron microcopy (SEM) shows that the surface is coated with the composite polymer t. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows significant elements found in CH, BC, and phytochemicals in plant extracts with no chemical changes. Tensile strength of the coated meshes is higher to support tissue as implants. The release kinetics suggest sustained release of phytochemical extracts. In vitro studies confirmed the noncytotoxic, biocompatible, wound healing potential of the meshes. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of 3-wound healing genes shows marked increase in the in vitro cell cultures due to the presence of extracts. These results suggest that the composite meshes can efficiently support hernia closure while facilitating wound/tissue healing and combating bacterial infections. Therefore, these meshes can be good candidates for fistula and cleft palate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Bokhari
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Yasmeen
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Hamad Khalid
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rong Wang
- Biomedical Polymer Research Group, Cixi Institute of, Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Xuelin Road, Cixi, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Mustehsan Bashir
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Burn Unit, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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18
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Cicchi C, Paoli P, Modesti A, Mannelli F, Scicutella F, Buccioni A, Fontanarosa C, Luti S, Pazzagli L. Effect of Bovine Milk Peptides on Cell Inflammation, Proliferation and Differentiation: Milk Potential Benefits Are Preserved in an Unconventional Cow Feeding Strategy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1162. [PMID: 37759562 PMCID: PMC10525111 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal feeding through the reuse of agro-industrial by-products in one of the ultimate goals of sustainable agriculture. Olive oil pomace (OOP) produced as a waste product during olive oil milling has been used as an ingredient in the diet for Holstein lactating cows. Recent findings have shown no decrease in animal performance, feed intake or detrimental effect on rumen microbiota. In contrast, an improvement in C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been observed. In this work, the milk protein content from cows fed a commercial diet (CON) or an experimental one supplemented with OOP was determined and compared, and the peptides derived from the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of raw milk were analyzed. After fractionation via RP-HPLC, peptides were characterized for their biological activity on different cell lines. The ability to reduce both the intracellular ROS content and the expression of inflammatory markers, such as Cyclooxygenase, isoenzyme 2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), as well as the remarkable properties to induce cell differentiation and to slow down the proliferation of human intestinal cancer cells, enable us to define them as bioactive peptides. In spite of there being no observed significant difference between the healthy activity of CON and OOP peptides, the results allow us to broaden the knowledge about the biological activity of these bioactive peptides and to confirm that agro-industrial by-products may be successfully incorporated into the feeding strategy of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Cicchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Scicutella
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario I.N.B.B., Viale Medaglie D’Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
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Mariri NG, Dikhoba PM, Mongalo NI, Makhafola TJ. GC-ToF-MS Profiling and In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Selected South African Plants against Important Mycotoxigenic Phytopathogens. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1660. [PMID: 37629517 PMCID: PMC10455341 DOI: 10.3390/life13081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects following the ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated food include the induction of cancers, mutagenicity, immune suppression, and toxicities that target organs of the digestive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Synthetic fungicides are generally associated with a high toxic residue in food and the development of excessive fungal resistance. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activities against mycotoxigenic fungi of selected South African plant leaves and potentially develop plant-derived bio-fungicides, and, furthermore, to explore the in vitro antioxidant activity and the phytochemical spectra of the compounds of the selected medicinal plant extracts. The extracts were tested for antifungal activity against phytopathogenic strains using a microdilution broth assay. Bauhinia galpinii extracts exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against C. cladospoides and P. haloterans at 24 h incubation periods. C. caffrum had good antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.013 mg/mL while B. galpini had IC50 values of 0.053 against free radicals of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid (ABTS). The antimycotoxigenic and antioxidant activity exerted by both B. galpinii and C. caffrum may well be attributed to high TPC. In the GC-ToF-MS analysis, all the selected medicinal plants exhibited the presence of Hexadecanoic acid at varying % areas, while both B. galpinii and C. caffum exhibited the presence of lupeol at % area 2.99 and 3.96, respectively. The compounds identified, particularly the ones with higher % area, may well explain the biological activity observed. Although the selected medicinal plants exhibited a notable biological activity, there is a need to explore the safety profiles of these plants, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntagi Gerald Mariri
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.G.M.); (P.M.D.)
| | - Preachers Madimetja Dikhoba
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.G.M.); (P.M.D.)
| | - Nkoana Ishmael Mongalo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science (CAES), Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private BagX06, Florida 0710, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso Jan Makhafola
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.G.M.); (P.M.D.)
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20
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Kedir WM, Geletu AK, Weldegirum GS, Sima MF. Antioxidant activity of selected plants extract for palm oil stability via accelerated and deep frying study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17980. [PMID: 37483783 PMCID: PMC10362148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are organic compounds that help to prevent lipid oxidation and improve the shelf-life of edible oils and fats. Currently, synthetic antioxidants were used as oil stabilizing agent. However, synthetic antioxidants have been causing various health risks. As a result, natural antioxidants such as most parts of olive plant, green tea, sesame, medicinal plants were plays an important role to retard lipid oxidation. The palm oil was continuously frying at 180 °C for 6 days using Lepidium sativum (0.2%w/v) and Aframomum corrorima (0.3%w/v) seeds extracts as antioxidant. The physicochemical properties of oil in the herbal extract additive group significantly maintained the oil quality during frying compared to the normal control and the food sample containing group. The L. sativum extract had a greater oil stability compared to A. corrorima extract. However, the frying oil without herbal extract significantly increase the physicochemical properties of oil such as iodine value, acid value, free fatty acid, total polar compounds, density, moisture content, pH etc. during repetitive frying. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was outstanding, with an IC50 value in the range of 75-149.9 μg/mL when compared to the standard butyl hydroxy anisole, which had an IC50 value in the range of 74.9 ± 0.06-96.7 ± 0.75 μg/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract for L. sativum was 128.6 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g, 127.0 ± 0.00 mg QE/g, and 130.16 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g, 105.76 ± 0.02 mg QE/g, respectively. The significant effect of the plant extract on the degradation of oil and the formation of free fatty acids was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The result of these study revealed that the ethanolic crude extract of L. sativum and A. corrorima had a potential natural antioxidant to prevent the degradation of palm oil.
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21
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Kaningini AG, Motlhalamme T, More GK, Mohale KC, Maaza M. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using Athrixia phylicoides DC. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15265. [PMID: 37123897 PMCID: PMC10133753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles produced from various metal elements including copper have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases in response to antibiotic failure due to microbial resistance. Copper is recommended for use in the production of nanoparticles largely because of its accessibility and affordability. This study aimed to synthesise copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using leaf extracts of Athrixia phylicoides and assess their antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. The characterization of the obtained NPs was done through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our results showed that the NPs had a highly crystalline, quasi-spherical shape with an average diameter of 42 nm. Also, gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most susceptible to CuO-NPs with MIC values of 0.62 mg/mL and 0.16 mg/mL, respectively, as shown by the broth microdilution method. In addition, CuO-NPs demonstrated strong radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 10.68 ± 0.03 μg/mL. However, the cytotoxicity activity determined by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay revealed that the CuO-NPs were not toxic to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293 cells) at an LC50 value of 66.08 ± 0.55 μg/mL. The synthesised CuO-NPs showed high antibacterial, and antioxidant potency and less toxicity. Therefore, they could be a feasible alternative source of therapeutic agents in treating bacterial and oxidative stress-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Gabriel Kaningini
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 392, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, 1 Old Faure Road, Somerset West 7129, PO Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Thobo Motlhalamme
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 392, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, 1 Old Faure Road, Somerset West 7129, PO Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Garland Kgosi More
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - Keletso Cecilia Mohale
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 392, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, 1 Old Faure Road, Somerset West 7129, PO Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa
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22
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Jadaun P, Shah P, Harshithkumar R, Said MS, Bhoite SP, Bokuri S, Ravindran S, Mishra N, Mukherjee A. Antiviral and ROS scavenging potential of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract against HIV-1 infection. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:82. [PMID: 36934258 PMCID: PMC10024014 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment option for HIV-infected patients; however, it has certain drawbacks in terms of developing multiple toxic side effects. Thus, there is a continuous need to explore safe and efficacious anti-retroviral agents. Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava are known for their various biological activities. In this study, we characterized the bioactive fractions of methanolic leaves extract from both plants using the High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) technique, followed by the investigation of their potential as anti-HIV-1 and antioxidant agents through in vitro mechanistic assays. The anti-HIV-1 activity was examined in TZM-bl cells through luciferase gene assay against two different clades of HIV-1 strains, whereas the intracellular ROS generation was analyzed by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of these phyto-extracts were determined through the Time-of-addition assay. The characterization of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract through HR-ESI-MS fragmentation showed high enrichment of various alkaloids, glycosides, lipids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and fatty acids like bioactive constituents. Both the phyto-extracts were found to be less toxic and exhibited potent antiviral activity against HIV-1 strains. Furthermore, the phyto-extracts also showed a decreased intracellular ROS in HIV-1 infected cells due to their high antioxidant potential. Overall, our study suggests the anti-HIV-1 potential of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract due to the synergistic action of multiple bioactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prachibahen Shah
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
| | - R Harshithkumar
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, MH, India
| | | | | | - Sowmya Bokuri
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
| | - Selvan Ravindran
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
| | - Neetu Mishra
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
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23
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Nuthakki VK, Choudhary S, Reddy CN, Bhatt S, Jamwal A, Jotshi A, Raghuvanshi R, Sharma A, Thakur S, Jadhav HR, Bharate SS, Nandi U, Kumar A, Bharate SB. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Embelin-Aryl/alkyl Amine Hybrids as Orally Bioavailable Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Multitargeted Agents with Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of SB-1448. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1193-1219. [PMID: 36812360 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex and multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease has brought about a pressing demand to develop ligands targeting multiple pathways to combat its outrageous prevalence. Embelin is a major secondary metabolite of Embelia ribes Burm f., one of the oldest herbs in Indian traditional medicine. It is a micromolar inhibitor of cholinesterases (ChEs) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) with poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Herein, we synthesize a series of embelin-aryl/alkyl amine hybrids to improve its physicochemical properties and therapeutic potency against targeted enzymes. The most active derivative, 9j (SB-1448), inhibits human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), and human BACE-1 (hBACE-1) with IC50 values of 0.15, 1.6, and 0.6 μM, respectively. It inhibits both ChEs noncompetitively with ki values of 0.21 and 1.3 μM, respectively. It is orally bioavailable, crosses blood-brain barrier (BBB), inhibits Aβ self-aggregation, possesses good ADME properties, and protects neuronal cells from scopolamine-induced cell death. The oral administration of 9j at 30 mg/kg attenuates the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sushil Choudhary
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chilakala N Reddy
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashiya Jamwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshika Jotshi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Rinky Raghuvanshi
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shikha Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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24
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Tareq AM, Hossain MM, Uddin M, Islam F, Khan Z, Karim MM, Lyzu C, Ağagündüz D, Reza AA, Emran TB, Capasso R. Chemical profiles and pharmacological attributes of Apis cerana indica beehives using combined experimental and computer-aided studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15016. [PMID: 37089286 PMCID: PMC10114209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study sought to determine the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties of distilled water-soluble extract of beehive (WSE-BH). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies were used to characterize the chemical compositions obtained from beehives extracted in water and methanol (also fractions). The GC-MS analysis identified 19 compounds in WSE-BH, including high total phenol and flavonoid contents, compared with the methanol extract (21 compounds), ethyl acetate fraction (9 compounds), and CCl4 fraction (27 compounds). The oral administration of WSE-BH (50 and 150 mg/kg) showed significant anxiolytic activities assessed by time spent in (30.80% and 39.47%, respectively) and entry into (47.49% and 55.93%, respectively) the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Only the 150 mg/kg dose resulted in a significant effect on the number of head-dipping events in the hole-board test (HBT) (40.2 ± 2.33; p < 0.01) vs. diazepam (64.33 ± 3.16; p < 0.001). Both the 50 and 150 mg/kg doses resulted in significant (p < 0.001) decreases in immobility in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspensions test (TST), corresponding to the effect of fluoxetine. WSE-BH inhibited histamine-induced paw edema significantly beginning at 60 min, with the 150 mg/kg dose having the highest effect at 180 min. The current findings suggested that WSE-BH had anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohotasin Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Main Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Farhanul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mobarak Karim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chadni Lyzu
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara 06450, Turkey
| | - A.S.M. Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Corresponding author. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
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25
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Islam MA, Huq Atanu MS, Siraj MA, Acharyya RN, Ahmed KS, Dev S, Uddin SJ, Das AK. Supplementation of syringic acid-rich Phrynium pubinerve leaves imparts protection against allergic inflammatory responses by downregulating iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13343. [PMID: 36816283 PMCID: PMC9932742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to characterize the role of ethanolic leaf extract of Phrynium pubinerve Blume (EPP) supplement in attenuating allergic inflammation, encouraged by the presence of syringic acid in it, as this phenolic acid is reportedly promising in suppressing serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokine levels. Materials and methods HPLC-DAD dereplication analysis was performed to determine the presence of the vital polyphenolic metabolites. The efficacy of EPP against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated by measuring its inhibitory effects on NO and ROS/RNS production. The expressions of major inflammation-associated molecules (iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 cells were assessed through Western blot. Physiological and behavioral changes, BMI, and different biochemical parameters in mice blood serum were investigated in the toxicological assays. Formaldehyde-induced paw edema test in mice was conducted using established animal model. TDI-induced allergic model in mice was carried out to determine different allergy-like symptoms, and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The intermolecular interaction analysis of the identified major metabolite of EPP with H1R and iNOS was studied by molecular docking. Results HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of syringic acid (89.19 mg/100 g EPP) and a few other compounds. LPS-induced NO generation was reduced by EPP in a concentration-dependent manner, showing IC50 of 28.20 ± 0.27 μg/mL. EPP exhibited a similar inhibitory effect on ROS/RNS production with IC50 of 29.47 ± 2.19 μg/mL. Western blotting revealed that EPP significantly downregulated the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells when challenged with LPS. The toxicological assays confirmed the dosage and organ-specific safety of EPP. In the formaldehyde-induced paw edema test, EPP caused a 66.41% reduction in mice paw volume at 500 mg/kg dose. It ameliorated TDI-induced allergy-like symptoms and decreased different inflammatory WBCs in mice's blood and BAL fluid in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, syringic acid demonstrated mentionable intermolecular binding affinity towards H1R (-6.6 Kcal/moL) and iNOS (-6.7 Kcal/moL). Conclusions Collectively, considerable scientific reasoning was obtained in favor of the suppressive potential of EPP against allergic inflammatory responses that are proposed to be exerted via the downregulation of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions, H1R antagonism and suppression of cytokines, such as IL-6, and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arman Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Afjalus Siraj
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | | | - Khondoker Shahin Ahmed
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shrabanti Dev
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Asish Kumar Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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26
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miR-7-5p Antagomir Protects Against Inflammation-Mediated Apoptosis and Lung Injury via Targeting Raf-1 In Vitro and In Vivo. Inflammation 2023; 46:941-962. [PMID: 36701049 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exacerbated inflammation and apoptosis are considered upstream events associated with acute lung injury (ALI). microRNAs are critical regulators of genes responsible for inflammation and apoptosis and are considered potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating ALI. This study was undertaken to uncover the role of miR-7-5p in LPS-induced lung injury. A LPS-induced inflammation model was established using BEAS-2B cells and C57BL/6 mice. Bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Raf-1 is a target of miR-7-5p and that its expression was inversely correlated with expression of proinflammatory markers and miR-7-5p, whereas miR-7-5p inhibition in vitro led to subsequent restoration of Raf-1 expression and prevention of apoptosis. Intranasal (i.n.) administration of antagomir using the C57BL/6 mouse model further confirmed that miR-7-5p inhibition suppresses LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis via modulating the miR-7-5p/Raf-1 axis. Our findings indicate that blocking miR-7-5p expression by antagomir protects mice from LPS-induced lung injury by suppressing inflammation and activation of mitochondria-mediated survival signalling. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a previously unknown pathophysiological role of miR-7-5p in the progression of ALI, and targeted i.n. administration of miR-7-5p antagomir could aid in the development of potential therapeutic strategies against lung injury.
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27
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Oun A, Hoeksema E, Soliman A, Brouwer F, García-Reyes F, Pots H, Trombetta-Lima M, Kortholt A, Dolga AM. Characterization of Lipopolysaccharide Effects on LRRK2 Signaling in RAW Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021644. [PMID: 36675159 PMCID: PMC9865464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immune system and mitochondrial metabolism has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Mutations and increased kinase activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are linked to both idiopathic and familial PD. However, the function of LRRK2 in the immune cells under inflammatory conditions is contradictory. Our results showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation increased the kinase activity of LRRK2 in parental RAW 264.7 (WT) cells. In addition to this, LRRK2 deletion in LRRK2 KO RAW 264.7 (KO) cells altered cell morphology following LPS stimulation compared to the WT cells, as shown by an increase in the cell impedance as observed by the xCELLigence measurements. LPS stimulation caused an increase in the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in both WT and KO cells. However, WT cells displayed a higher ROS level compared to the KO cells. Moreover, LRRK2 deletion led to a reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammatory cytokine and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and an increase in lactate production after LPS stimulation compared to the WT cells. These data illustrate that LRRK2 has an effect on inflammatory processes in RAW macrophages upon LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Oun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Emmy Hoeksema
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Famke Brouwer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiola García-Reyes
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderikus Pots
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- YETEM-Innovative Technologies Application and Research Centre, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.M.D.); Tel.: +31-50363-4206 (A.K.); +31-50363-6372 (A.M.D.)
| | - Amalia M. Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.M.D.); Tel.: +31-50363-4206 (A.K.); +31-50363-6372 (A.M.D.)
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Essadek S, Gondcaille C, Savary S, Samadi M, Vamecq J, Lizard G, Kebbaj RE, Latruffe N, Benani A, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Andreoletti P. Two Argan Oil Phytosterols, Schottenol and Spinasterol, Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Restore LPS-Dysregulated Peroxisomal Functions in Acox1-/- and Wild-Type BV-2 Microglial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:168. [PMID: 36671029 PMCID: PMC9854540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key players in neuroinflammation, in which microglia dysfunction plays a central role. Previous studies suggest that argan oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and peroxisome dysfunction in mouse brains. In this study, we explored the effects of two major argan oil (AO) phytosterols, Schottenol (Schot) and Spinasterol (Spina), on oxidative stress, inflammation, and peroxisomal dysfunction in two murine microglial BV-2 cell lines, wild-ype (Wt) and Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1)-deficient cells challenged with LPS treatment. Herein, we used an MTT test to reveal no cytotoxicity for both phytosterols with concentrations up to 5 µM. In the LPS-activated microglial cells, cotreatment with each of these phytosterols caused a significant decrease in intracellular ROS production and the NO level released in the culture medium. Additionally, Schot and Spina were able to attenuate the LPS-dependent strong induction of Il-1β and Tnf-α mRNA levels, as well as the iNos gene and protein expression in both Wt and Acox1-/- microglial cells. On the other hand, LPS treatment impacted both the peroxisomal antioxidant capacity and the fatty acid oxidation pathway. However, both Schot and Spina treatments enhanced ACOX1 activity in the Wt BV-2 cells and normalized the catalase activity in both Wt and Acox1-/- microglial cells. These data suggest that Schot and Spina can protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation and their harmful consequences for peroxisomal functions and the homeostasis of microglial cells. Collectively, our work provides a compelling argument for the protective mechanisms of two major argan oil phytosterols against LPS-induced brain neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Essadek
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Gondcaille
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Savary
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, and RADEME EA 7364, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Riad El Kebbaj
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA—Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRAE—Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement, Institut Agro Dijon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Choudhary K, Prasad SR, Lokhande KB, Murti K, Singh S, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. 4-Methylesculetin ameliorates LPS-induced depression-like behavior through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120508. [PMID: 36909194 PMCID: PMC9995395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of depression is heavily dependent on inflammation. Evidence suggests that the etiology of depression is linked with NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation. Therefore, blocking the activated NLRP3 inflammasome may be beneficial for treating depression. Due to the limitations of currently available antidepressants, it is necessary to develop novel, safe, and affordable drugs for the treatment of depression. A natural coumarin derivative named 4-methylesculetin (4-MESC) possesses anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of 4-MESC as an antidepressant has not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we explored the antidepressant-like effects of 4-MESC and its underlying molecular mechanism through the modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies revealed that 4-MESC has a higher affinity for the NLRP3 PYD. Blood-brain barrier permeability was confirmed using the SwissADME pharmacokinetic tool. High doses (50 mg/kg) of 4-MESC significantly reduced the immobility duration in the tail-suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) without changing the overall locomotor activity in the female Swiss albino mice that were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced in serum and brain tissues using 4-MESC. 4-MESC's neuroprotective effects are mediated by increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and decreased cortisol levels. 4-MESC markedly reduced LPS-induced elevated levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels) and enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione levels, which revealed its anti-oxidant potential against oxidative stress. 4-MESC diminished the expression levels of NF-κBp65, IL-6, NLRP3, caspase-1, gasdermin D, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. These findings demonstrated that 4-MESC exhibited antidepressant-like effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, other antidepressant mechanisms might also be involved which require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India
| | - Surendra Rajit Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Translational Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Research Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, GBNagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur, India
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30
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Roy AC, Prasad A, Ghosh I. Phytochemical Profiling of Tupistra nutans Wall. ex Lindl. Inflorescence Extract and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity in Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and Fibroblast (F111) Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:172-195. [PMID: 36070165 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tupistra nutans Wall. ex Lindl. is a medicinal plant found in the Eastern Himalayan region. Besides being used as a folk medicine for pain and high blood sugar, its inflorescence is consumed as a vegetable. However, its medicinal properties have not been proven in vitro and in vivo till now. Therefore, in this study, we reported the phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract of Tupistra nutans Wall. ex Lindl. inflorescence (METNI) and its comparative effect in liver carcinoma HepG2 cells against non-cancerous murine fibroblast F111 cells. Phytochemical profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that METNI was rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and anticancer compounds like diosgenin, linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. METNI was found to have in vitro antioxidant property as determined by DPPH and pyrogallol methods, and UV protection property as investigated by fluorescence-based and spectrophotometric methods. MTT assay revealed METNI caused significantly more cell proliferation inhibition in HepG2 (IC50 = 138 µg/ml) compared to F111 (IC50 = 347 µg/ml) cells. Although in both HepG2 and F111 cells METNI showed significant antioxidant activity, it led to intracellular ROS generation and cell cycle alteration at higher exposure. The obtained results suggest that Tupistra nutans can be a promising application for anticancer drug and skin care product development, but can be harmful if overconsumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Chandra Roy
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Abhinav Prasad
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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31
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Stanciauskaite M, Marksa M, Rimkiene L, Ramanauskiene K. Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Sun Protection Factor and Antioxidant Activity of Lithuanian Propolis and Its Plant Precursors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3558. [PMID: 36559670 PMCID: PMC9781500 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in polyphenols of natural origin and their plant sources encourages the study of their chemical composition and biological activity. Propolis is widely used as a source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and sun protection factor (SPF) of the ethanolic extracts of the poplar buds, birch buds and pine buds of propolis plant precursors collected in Lithuania. The IC50 concentration of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS methods. Extracts of poplar buds, birch buds and propolis showed a lower IC50 concentration by ABTS and DPPH methods compared with pine buds extracts. Poplar buds and propolis extracts showed the highest SPF value, while birch and pine buds extracts showed a lower SPF value. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis results showed that phenolic acids, such as p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid, and flavonoids, such as pinobanksin and pinocembrin, were identified in all the tested extracts. Salicin has been identified only in poplar buds extracts. The results of antioxidant activity showed that propolis poplar and birch buds are a promising source of biologically active polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stanciauskaite
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Rimkiene
- Department of Analytical & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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32
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Wang M, Sun X, Wang Y, Deng X, Miao J, Zhao D, Sun K, Li M, Wang X, Sun W, Qin J. Construction of Selenium Nanoparticle-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities as a Selenium Supplement. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44851-44860. [PMID: 36530304 PMCID: PMC9753530 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage cells and affect normal cell functions, which are related to various diseases. Selenium nanoparticles are a potential selenium supplement for their good biocompatibility and antioxidant activity. However, their poor stability has become an obstacle for further applications. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared as a carrier of selenium nanoparticles. Pluronic F68 (PF68) was used for the surface modification of the compounds to prevent the leakage of the selenium nanoparticles. The prepared MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles showed excellent antioxidant activity in HeLa tumor cells and zebrafish larvae. The cytotoxicity of MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles was concentration- and time-dependent in HeLa tumor cells. The MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles showed a negligible cytotoxicity of ≤2 μg/mL at 48 h. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL, the cell viability of the HeLa tumor cells decreased to about 50%. The results indicated that the MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles could be a potential antitumor agent. The embryonic development of zebrafish cocultured with the MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles showed that there was no lethal or obvious teratogenic toxicity. The results implied that the MSN@Se@PF68 nanoparticles could be a safe selenium supplement and have the potential for antioxidant and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Sun
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Deng
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Miao
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Donghe Zhao
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Kunqi Sun
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Minrui Li
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- School
of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Qin
- School
of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University
of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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New Perspectives on the Sustainable Employment of Chestnut Shells as Active Ingredient against Oral Mucositis: A First Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314956. [PMID: 36499282 PMCID: PMC9737246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM), a common side effect of oncological treatment, is an oral mucosal disorder characterized by painful ulcerations and increased risk of infection. The use of natural antioxidants to suppress the redox imbalance responsible for the OM condition has emerged as an interesting approach to prevent/treat OM. This study aims to explore the chestnut (Castana sativa) shells as potential active ingredient against OM. Therefore, chestnut shells were extracted at different temperatures (110-180 °C) by Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE), aiming to recover antioxidants. The extracts were also evaluated against microorganisms present in the oral cavity as well as on human oral cell lines (TR146 and HSC3). The highest phenolic content was obtained with the extraction temperature of 110 °C, exhibiting the best antioxidant/antiradical activities and scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 4.47 μg/mL) and ROO• (0.73 μmol TE/mg DW). High concentrations of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic and protocatechuic acids) and flavanoids (catechin, epicatechin and rutin) characterized the phenolic profile. The antimicrobial activity against several oral microorganisms present in the oral cavity during OM, such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Escherichia, was demonstrated. Finally, the effects on HSC3 and TR146 cell lines revealed that the extract prepared at 110 °C had the lowest IC50 (1325.03 and 468.15 µg/mL, respectively). This study highlights the potential effects of chestnut shells on OM.
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Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of berberine-entrapped albumin nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17431. [PMID: 36261663 PMCID: PMC9581884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with several clinical therapeutic applications. Its low water solubility, absorption, and cellular bioavailability diminish BBR's therapeutic efficacy. In this study, BBR was encapsulated into bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) core to reduce BBR limitations and enhance its clinical therapeutic properties. Several physicochemical characterization tools, such as Dynamic Light Scattering and Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopic measurements, field emission transmission electron microscopy surface morphology, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability analysis, and releasing studies, were used to evaluate the BBR-BSA NPs. Compared to BBR, BBR-BSA nanoparticles demonstrated superior free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacities, anti-hemolytic and anticoagulant efficacies, and antimicrobial activities, as demonstrated by the findings of the in vitro studies. Furthermore, a stressed pancreatic rat model was induced using a high-fat, high-sucrose diet plus carbon tetrachloride injection. The in vivo results revealed that BBR-BSA NPs substantially restored peripheral glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Oral administration of BBR-BSA NPs also improved pancreatic β-cells homeostasis, upregulated pancreatic antioxidant mechanisms, inhibited oxidants generation, and attenuated oxidative injury in the stressed pancreatic tissues. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that BBR-BSA NPs demonstrated more potent antioxidant properties and restored pancreatic homeostasis compared to BBR.
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35
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Wang M, Wu M, Liu X, Shao S, Huang J, Liu B, Liang T. Pyroptosis Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy Driven by Membrane Anchoring Photosensitizer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202914. [PMID: 35981886 PMCID: PMC9561775 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, the most promising strategy of cancer treatment, has achieved promising outcomes, but its clinical efficacy in pancreatic cancer is limited mainly due to the complicated tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. As a highly inflammatory form of immunogenic cell death (ICD), pyroptosis provides a great opportunity to alleviate immunosuppression and promote systemic immune responses in solid tumors. Herein, membrane-targeted photosensitizer TBD-3C with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature to trigger pyroptosis-aroused cancer immunotherapy via photodynamic therapy (PDT) is applied. The results reveal that pyroptotic cells induced by TBD-3C could stimulate M1-polarization of macrophages, cause maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Pyroptosis-aroused immunological responses could convert immunosuppressive "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) to immunogenic "hot" TME, which not only inhibits primary pancreatic cancer growth but also attacks the distant tumor. This work establishes a platform with high biocompatibility for light-controlled antitumor immunity and solid tumor immunotherapy aroused by cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data ScienceZhejiang LabHangzhou310003P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou350207P. R. China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
| | - Shiyi Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data ScienceZhejiang LabHangzhou310003P. R. China
| | - Junmin Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data ScienceZhejiang LabHangzhou310003P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou350207P. R. China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic DiseasesHangzhou310003P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data ScienceZhejiang LabHangzhou310003P. R. China
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36
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Shabana S, Hamouda HI, Abdalla M, Sharaf M, Chi Z, Liu C. Multifunctional nanoparticles based on marine polysaccharides for apremilast delivery to inflammatory macrophages: Preparation, targeting ability, and uptake mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1709-1722. [PMID: 36179875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic drug encapsulation inside targeted nanoparticles can enhance accumulation in inflamed sites, limit toxicity to healthy tissue, and improve pharmacokinetics compared to free drug dosing. This study reports a functionalized marine polysaccharide nanoparticle with a controlled release, targeting abilities, and in-situ imaging properties. Carbon dots functionalized Enteromorpha polysaccharide/Mannose/Methionine functionalized Chitosan (CDs.EP/Man/Meth.Cs) NPs could deliver apremilast to inflammatory macrophages and Caco-2 intestinal cells as an in vitro model for application in oral drug delivery to cure IBD. The nanoparticles were simply a polyelectrolyte complex between cationic functionalized chitosan and anionic polysaccharide of Enteromorpha prolifera. Functionalized polysaccharides and the prepared NPs were well characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles could overcome the limitation of poor drug bioavailability and showed a high loading capacity of (45 %) with a controlled release of about (74.5 %). Confocal laser scanning imaging showed higher cellular uptake of the modified nanoparticles than that of the unmodified nanoparticles in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and Caco-2 cells. The effect of functionalization on the cellular uptake targetability was assessed using spectrofluorometric measurements after mannose competition. Anti-inflammatory activity of apremilast-loaded NPs is more elevated than the free drug. These results suggest the feasibility of using functionalized EP/Cs nanoparticles in IBD oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Shabana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, 11516, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- Processes Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
| | - Zhe Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Fan G, Li Y, Liu Y, Suo X, Jia Y, Yang X. Gondoic acid alleviates LPS‑induced Kupffer cells inflammation by inhibiting ROS production and PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109171. [PMID: 35998508 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) is the main macrophage in liver, and its inflammation is related to liver diseases. It has been shown that inflammatory macrophages are accompanied by changes in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content. However, the effect of gondoic acid (GA) on inflammation and its underlying mechanism have not been described. In the current study, we demonstrated that GA significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-exposed KCs. Further research found that GA reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes. Meanwhile, GA obviously blocked the LPS-stimulated PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathways to alleviate the inflammatory responses. These results demonstrated for the first time that GA improves KCs inflammation through the inhibition of ROS production and PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway, the results assist in the potential development of functional foods or prodrugs based on the GA rich plant oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanfei Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Suo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yimin Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Chemical characterization and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-septic activities of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Cheralayikkal S, Manoj K, Safna Hussan K. Formulation and evaluation of a smart drug delivery system of 5-fluorouracil for pH-sensitive chemotherapy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09926. [PMID: 35855997 PMCID: PMC9287813 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects due to their non-selective tissue distribution, reduced drug concentration of the drug at the tumor site, and the drug resistance. To overcome these problems the chemotherapeutic agent should selectively accumulate the tumor site and stays there for a prolonged period of time releasing the payloads in a controlled manner. This can be achieved by the administration of a smart drug delivery system (SDDS) loaded with the active drug molecules. In this work, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is loaded into amine functionalised hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN-NH2) and then coated with a biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) to formulate SSDS for 5-FU for pH-sensitive drug release. The physiochemical properties were characterised; the structural morphology was observed by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, chemical interaction between the drug and excipients were characterised from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the entrapment efficiency of loaded drug and the pH-dependent drug release rate were evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy. It was observed that, the drug is compatible with excipients by retaining all the characteristics peaks of 5-FU with negligible changes in the position in all physical mixtures. The PDA coated 5-FU loaded HMSN-NH2 also exhibits a nearly spherical and non-aggregated morphology. The release rate was showed to increase with increase in concentration of structure-directing agent (Triton X 100) in the rate of a maximum release at the end of 72 h in pH 4. The prepared novel PDA coated 5-FU HMSN-NH2 was found to be capable of delivering the anti-cancer drug 5-FU specifically at the tumor site in a pH-dependent stimuli-responsive manner. It also showed a controlled release for a period of 72 h. The enhanced cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line were found for the formulated SSD form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamla Cheralayikkal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - K. Manoj
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - K.P. Safna Hussan
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Department of Physics, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India
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Manesa K, Kebede TG, Dube S, Nindi MM. Fabrication and Characterization of Sericin-PVA Composite Films from Gonometa postica, Gonometa rufobrunnea, and Argema mimosae: Potentially Applicable in Biomaterials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19328-19336. [PMID: 35721903 PMCID: PMC9202262 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the fabrication and characterization of sericin-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films from three southern African silkworm cocoons. The sericin-PVA films were achieved by chemically cross-linking poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with pure silk sericin protein using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results confirmed the overall cross-linking of pure silk sericin into PVA-GA networks to form cross-linked sericin-PVA films. This incident was shown by the incorporation of distinct major amide I (ν = 1640-1650 cm-1), amide II (ν = 1538-1540 cm-1), and amide III (ν = 1238-1244 cm-1) peaks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed sericin-PVA films to have two features, one representing amorphous and crystalline regions of silk sericin and the other representing sharp high-intensity PVA peaks at around 2θ = 20.2°, demonstrating a high crystallinity in the films as a result of the hydroxyl groups in its side chain. The swelling capacity of the three sericin-PVA films was influenced by the glutaraldehyde content used during the cross-linking process and pH of the aqueous medium into which the films were immersed after a period of time. The water contact angles of the sericin-PVA films were low, at 56.6 ± 0.56 and 60.2 ± 0.86, indicating further their hydrophilic nature. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the sericin-PVA films showed a rough texture with a granular network pattern on their surface. From the preliminary results, it was observed that the cytotoxicity of three sericin strains (Gonometa rufobrunnea, Argema mimosae, and Gonometa postica) had a cell viability percentage of 103, 90, and 80% respectively, demonstrating their biocompatibility in providing a favorable natural microenvironment for cell culture. The characterization results of the three silk sericin-PVA films demonstrated their potential for application in biomedical and biomaterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanono
Comet Manesa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
| | - Temesgen Girma Kebede
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
| | - Simiso Dube
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
| | - Mathew Muzi Nindi
- Institute
for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of
Science, Engineering and Technology, University
of South Africa, Florida Science
Campus, 28 Pioneer Avenue, Roodepoort 1709, South
Africa
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41
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Cen C, Zhang K, Fu J, Wu X, Wu J, Zheng Y, Zhang Y. Odor-producing response pattern by four typical freshwater algae under stress: Acute microplastic exposure as an example. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153350. [PMID: 35077797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algae-induced odor problems in water have been repeatedly occurred concerns for drinking water quality. However, present researches mostly focus on the odor-producing pattern of algae in normal growth, and there is scarce discussion on those under stress. Microplastics (MPs) pollution have been global concern for their negative ecological impacts and frequently co-occurs with odor-producing algal bloom in freshwaters. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of MPs as an environmental stress on algal odorant production for good illustration of odor-producing response pattern under stress. Variation in MP size (polystyrene microspheres; 100 nm, 1000 nm and 10 μm) had significant effects on odorant formation (β-cycloidal, 2-methylisopropanol, 2,4-heptandienal and 2,4-decadienal) by four freshwater algae (Microcystis aeruginosa, Pseudanabaena sp., Cyclotella meneghiniana and Melosira varians). The size ratio of MPs over cells (SRMC) was proposed to categorize the size-ratio dependent effects on the algal odorant production. Interestingly, when SRMC was in the range of 0.1-1, there were always promoting effects; when SRMC < 0.1 or SRMC > 1, there exhibited inhibiting effects, and the inhibiting effects of SRMC < 0.1 were far more severe than those of SRMC > 1. The promotion on odorant production in the SRMC range of 0.1-1 was mainly attributed to the increase in cellular yield, which was related to the increased odorant precursors derived from the oxidation products of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alternatively, the inhibition of odorant production caused by MPs with SRMC < 0.1 was the results of simultaneously inhibiting cellular density and cellular yield, which might be attributed to the cellular internalization of MPs, inducing the extensive toxic effects. This study illustrated the possibilities of MPs in impairing the esthetics of the source water and provided guidance for the future algal odor issues under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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K P SH, Babu TD, C M P, Joshy G, Mathew D, Thayyil MS. Antioxidant activity of erlotinib and gefitinib: theoretical and experimental insights. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:196-208. [PMID: 35514158 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2065990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib and gefitinib are quinazoline derivatives with antineoplastic properties. Usually, intake of antineoplastic agents results in much a greater degree of oxidative stress, i.e. the production of free radicals, than induced by cancer itself. Hence, anticancerous drugs must also exhibit antioxidant activity but this has not been studied thus far. In this study, the antioxidant activity of erlotinib and gefitinib was examined by experimental and computational studies. It was found that erlotinib and gefitinib exhibit good 2,2-dipheny l-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging (HRS) activities. In DPPH assay, the IC50 for erlotinib and gefitinib were 0.584 and 0.696 mM, respectively, while IC50 for HRS assay were 0.843 and 1.03 mM for erlotinib and gefitinib, respectively. Structural characteristics such as frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential maps (MESPs), and global descriptive parameters were calculated at DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) on the optimized geometries of erlotinib and gefitinib. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed the possible electronic transitions between the FMOs and their associated excitation energies of both drugs and found that erlotinib has π to π* transitions while gefitinib has π to π* and σ to π* transitions. To elucidate the antioxidant activity of erlotinib and gefitinib, three mechanisms namely hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer proton transfer (SETPT), and sequential proton-loss electron-transfer (SPLET) were employed and articulated the results in arithmetic parameters like bond dissociation energy (BDE), proton affinity (PA), ionization potential (IP), electron transfer enthalpy (ETE), and proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE). Further, molecular docking studies have been carried out to have a better understanding of binding sites and modes of interaction with a well-known antioxidant target protein monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) employing docking scores and types of interactions. All the calculated parameters point out that though gefitinib and erlotinib were interchangeable, erlotinib requires a lesser amount of energy for proton transfer and electron transfer, moreover it scavenges radicals easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safna Hussan K P
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Center, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, India
| | - Thekkekara D Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Center, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, India
| | - Pareeth C M
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Center, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, India
| | - Greena Joshy
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Center, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, India
| | - Deepu Mathew
- College of Horticulture, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agriculture University, Thrissur, India
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Mundekkad D, Kameshwari GV, Karchalkar P, Koti R. The catalytic and ROS-scavenging activities of green synthesized, antiferromagnetic α-Fe 2O 3nanoparticle with a prismatic octahedron morphology from pomegranate rind extract. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:045706. [PMID: 34598165 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2c45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (like 4-nitrophenol) and dyes (like methyl orange) are common by-products discharged by many industries as wastes; they are toxic and may induce discomfort and irritation in humans when ingested. Most of these compounds can be made less toxic through catalytic degradation. Metal oxide nanoparticles are found to have high catalytic activity and can degrade toxic phenolic compounds and dyes. In the current study, pomegranate rind extract was used for the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles that exhibited an octahedron morphology revealed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed 47.96% content of Fe (by weight); high resolution-transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles had a particle size of 22.54 ± 4.13 nm. The particles were further characterized by x-ray diffraction, fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis. The nanoparticle proved to be efficient in reducing 4-nitrophenol and methyl orange. It was also found to be non-toxic towards murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 with good ROS-scavenging potential compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mundekkad
- Centre for Nano Biotechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - G V Kameshwari
- School of BioSciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Poojita Karchalkar
- School of BioSciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- School of BioSciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071081. [PMID: 34356313 PMCID: PMC8301138 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.
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45
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Bioactive Properties of Breads Made with Sourdough of Hull-Less Barley or Conventional and Pigmented Wheat Flours. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional and nutritional properties of baked goods can be enhanced by the use of sourdough fermentation, which is defined as a mixture of water and flour fermented by lactobacilli (LAB) and yeasts. Previous data highlighted the ability of sourdoughs obtained with selected LAB strains and commercial flour to produce bioactive peptides equipped with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. More recently, it has been proven that choosing the most suitable combination of selected LAB and high-functional-value flours greatly increase the amount of low-molecular-weight antioxidant compounds responsible for improving the nutritional value of the products. This work aimed to isolate bioactive peptides both from sourdoughs and baked breads obtained with pigmented wheat and barley and a selected combination of LABs. Soluble water extracts were obtained, and low-molecular-weight peptides were isolated. Antioxidant activity was detected by assaying the intracellular ROS production in stressed cultured macrophages, treated with peptides. Moreover, anti-inflammatory activity, highlighted by NFkB pathway inhibition and by COX2 reduction in stressed cells, was demonstrated for peptides obtained from breads. The results allowed the conclusion that the combination of flours and LAB used in the present manuscript led to the production of bakery products with beneficial effects on oxidative and inflammatory status.
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Bernardo L, Corallo L, Caterini J, Su J, Gisonni-Lex L, Gajewska B. Application of xCELLigence real-time cell analysis to the microplate assay for pertussis toxin induced clustering in CHO cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248491. [PMID: 33720984 PMCID: PMC7959359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microplate assay with Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells is currently used as a safety test to monitor the residual pertussis toxin (PT) amount in acellular pertussis antigens prior to vaccine formulation. The assay is based on the findings that the exposure of CHO cells to PT results in a concentration-dependent clustering response which can be used to estimate the amount of PT in a sample preparation. A major challenge with the current CHO cell assay methodology is that scoring of PT-induced clustering is dependent on subjective operator visual assessment using light microscopy. In this work, we have explored the feasibility of replacing the microscopy readout for the CHO cell assay with the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis system (ACEA BioSciences, a part of Agilent). The xCELLigence equipment is designed to monitor cell adhesion and growth. The electrical impedance generated from cell attachment and proliferation is quantified via gold electrodes at the bottom of the cell culture plate wells, which is then translated into a unitless readout called cell index. Results showed significant decrease in the cell index readouts of CHO cells exposed to PT compared to the cell index of unexposed CHO cells. Similar endpoint concentrations were obtained when the PT reference standard was titrated with either xCELLigence or microscopy. Testing genetically detoxified pertussis samples unspiked or spiked with PT further supported the sensitivity and reproducibility of the xCELLigence assay in comparison with the conventional microscopy assay. In conclusion, the xCELLigence RTCA system offers an alternative automated and higher throughput method for evaluating PT-induced clustering in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidice Bernardo
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucas Corallo
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Judy Caterini
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucy Gisonni-Lex
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beata Gajewska
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kim JH, Kim M, Hong S, Kwon B, Song MW, Song K, Kim EY, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of Fritillaria thunbergii Miquel extracts in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:429. [PMID: 33747168 PMCID: PMC7967825 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that Fritillaria thunbergii Miquel extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To confirm the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of FTM (EAFM) on inflammation, the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines was assessed by performing ELISA. Expression of intracellular mRNA and protein was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of NF-κB, MAPK and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also investigated. EAFM significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors including NO, IL-6 and TNF-α at non-toxic concentrations. EAFM also inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not alter the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. Pre-treatment with EAFM inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. In addition, EAFM induced 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity and an increase in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1. The results indicated that EAFM inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting ERK/JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation. EAFM also exerted antioxidant effects via Nrf2/HO-1 stimulation. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that EAFM may be a valuable alternative for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boguen Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangchan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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More GK, Makola RT, Prinsloo G. In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Rift Valley Fever Virus, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts. Viruses 2021; 13:221. [PMID: 33572659 PMCID: PMC7912315 DOI: 10.3390/v13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus endemic to sub-Saharan African countries, and the first sporadic outbreaks outside Africa were reported in the Asia-Pacific region. There are no approved therapeutic agents available for RVFV; however, finding an effective antiviral agent against RVFV is important. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plant extracts. Twenty medicinal plants were screened for their anti-RVFV activity using the cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method. The cytotoxicity assessment of the extracts was done before antiviral screening using the MTT assay. Antioxidant and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species' (ROS/RNS) inhibitory activity by the extracts was investigated using non-cell-based and cell-based assays. Out of twenty plant extracts tested, eight showed significant potency against RVFV indicated by a decrease in tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) < 105. The cytotoxicity of extracts showed inhibitory concentrations values (IC50) > 200 µg/mL for most of the extracts. The antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory results revealed that extracts scavenged free radicals exhibiting an IC50 range of 4.12-20.41 µg/mL and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by 60-80% in Vero cells. This study demonstrated the ability of the extracts to lower RVFV viral load and their potency to reduce free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garland K. More
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Raymond T. Makola
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular and Life Science, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
- National institute of Communicable Diseases, Special Viral Pathogen/Arbovirus Unit, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
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In vitro screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and characterization of bioactive substances from freshwater cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. SSCM01 and Phormidium sp. SSCM02. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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