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Cordoza ML, Anderson BJ, Cevasco M, Diamond JM, Younes M, Gerardy B, Iroegbu C, Riegel B. Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Wireless Limited Polysomnography to Capture Sleep Before, During, and After Hospitalization for Patients With Planned Cardiothoracic Surgery. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024:00005082-990000000-00180. [PMID: 38509035 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disruption, a common symptom among patients requiring cardiovascular surgery, is a potential risk factor for the development of postoperative delirium. Postoperative delirium is a disorder of acute disturbances in cognition associated with prolonged hospitalization, cognitive decline, and mortality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using polysomnography (PSG) to capture sleep in patients with scheduled cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS Wireless limited PSG assessed sleep at baseline (presurgery at home), postoperatively in the intensive care unit, and at home post hospital discharge. Primary outcomes were quality and completeness of PSG signals, and acceptability by participants and nursing staff. RESULTS Among 15 patients, PSG data were of high quality, and mean percentage of unscorable data was 5.5% ± 11.1%, 3.7% ± 5.4%, and 3.7% ± 8.4% for baseline, intensive care unit, and posthospitalization measurements, respectively. Nurses and patients found the PSG monitor acceptable. CONCLUSIONS Wireless, limited PSG to capture sleep across the surgical continuum was feasible, and data were of high quality. Authors of future studies will evaluate associations of sleep indices and development of postoperative delirium in this high-risk population.
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Constantino NJ, Carroll CM, Williams HC, Yuede CM, Sheehan PW, Andy Snipes J, Musiek ES, Johnson LA, Macauley SL. Kir6.2-K ATP channels alter glycolytic flux to modulate cortical activity, arousal, and sleep-wake homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581817. [PMID: 38464274 PMCID: PMC10925108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism plays an important role in the maintenance of vigilance states (e.g. wake, NREM, and REM). Brain lactate fluctuations are a biomarker of sleep. Increased interstitial fluid (ISF) lactate levels are necessary for arousal and wake-associated behaviors, while decreased ISF lactate is required for sleep. ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels couple glucose-lactate metabolism with neuronal excitability. Therefore, we explored how deletion of neuronal K ATP channel activity (Kir6.2-/- mice) affected the relationship between glycolytic flux, neuronal activity, and sleep/wake homeostasis. Kir6.2-/- mice shunt glucose towards glycolysis, reduce neurotransmitter synthesis, dampen cortical EEG activity, and decrease arousal. Kir6.2-/- mice spent more time awake at the onset of the light period due to altered ISF lactate dynamics. Together, we show that Kir6.2-K ATP channels act as metabolic sensors to gate arousal by maintaining the metabolic stability of each vigilance state and providing the metabolic flexibility to transition between states. Highlights Glycolytic flux is necessary for neurotransmitter synthesis. In its absence, neuronal activity is compromised causing changes in arousal and vigilance states despite sufficient energy availability. With Kir6.2-K ATP channel deficiency, the ability to both maintain and shift between different vigilance states is compromised due to changes in glucose utilization. Kir6.2-K ATP channels are metabolic sensors under circadian control that gate arousal and sleep/wake transitions.
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Alipour M, Seok S, Mednick SC, Malerba P. A classification-based generative approach to selective targeting of global slow oscillations during sleep. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1342975. [PMID: 38415278 PMCID: PMC10896842 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1342975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Given sleep's crucial role in health and cognition, numerous sleep-based brain interventions are being developed, aiming to enhance cognitive function, particularly memory consolidation, by improving sleep. Research has shown that Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) during sleep can enhance memory performance, especially when used in a closed-loop (cl-tACS) mode that coordinates with sleep slow oscillations (SOs, 0.5-1.5Hz). However, sleep tACS research is characterized by mixed results across individuals, which are often attributed to individual variability. Objective/Hypothesis This study targets a specific type of SOs, widespread on the electrode manifold in a short delay ("global SOs"), due to their close relationship with long-term memory consolidation. We propose a model-based approach to optimize cl-tACS paradigms, targeting global SOs not only by considering their temporal properties but also their spatial profile. Methods We introduce selective targeting of global SOs using a classification-based approach. We first estimate the current elicited by various stimulation paradigms, and optimize parameters to match currents found in natural sleep during a global SO. Then, we employ an ensemble classifier trained on sleep data to identify effective paradigms. Finally, the best stimulation protocol is determined based on classification performance. Results Our study introduces a model-driven cl-tACS approach that specifically targets global SOs, with the potential to extend to other brain dynamics. This method establishes a connection between brain dynamics and stimulation optimization. Conclusion Our research presents a novel approach to optimize cl-tACS during sleep, with a focus on targeting global SOs. This approach holds promise for improving cl-tACS not only for global SOs but also for other physiological events, benefiting both research and clinical applications in sleep and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alipour
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - SangCheol Seok
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sara C. Mednick
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA, United States
| | - Paola Malerba
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Wang ZJ, Lee HC, Chuang CH, Hsiao FC, Lee SH, Hsu AL, Wu CW. Traces of EEG-fMRI coupling reveals neurovascular dynamics on sleep inertia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1537. [PMID: 38233587 PMCID: PMC10794702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon emergence from sleep, individuals experience temporary hypo-vigilance and grogginess known as sleep inertia. During the transient period of vigilance recovery from prior nocturnal sleep, the neurovascular coupling (NVC) may not be static and constant as assumed by previous neuroimaging studies. Stemming from this viewpoint of sleep inertia, this study aims to probe the NVC changes as awakening time prolongs using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The time-lagged coupling between EEG features of vigilance and BOLD-fMRI signals, in selected regions of interest, was calculated with one pre-sleep and three consecutive post-awakening resting-state measures. We found marginal changes in EEG theta/beta ratio and spectral slope across post-awakening sessions, demonstrating alterations of vigilance during sleep inertia. Time-varying EEG-fMRI coupling as awakening prolonged was evidenced by the changing time lags of the peak correlation between EEG alpha-vigilance and fMRI-thalamus, as well as EEG spectral slope and fMRI-anterior cingulate cortex. This study provides the first evidence of potential dynamicity of NVC occurred in sleep inertia and opens new avenues for non-invasive neuroimaging investigations into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong John Wang
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, 5 Floor, 301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist, New Taipei, 235040, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Counseling, Clinical and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, 5 Floor, 301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist, New Taipei, 235040, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Yao H, Liu T, Zou R, Ding S, Xu Y. A Spatial-Temporal Transformer Architecture Using Multi-Channel Signals for Sleep Stage Classification. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; 31:3353-3362. [PMID: 37578925 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3305201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep stage classification is a fundamental task in diagnosing and monitoring sleep diseases. There are 2 challenges that remain open: (1) Since most methods only rely on input from a single channel, the spatial-temporal relationship of sleep signals has not been fully explored. (2) Lack of sleep data makes models hard to train from scratch. Here, we propose a vision Transformer-based architecture to process multi-channel polysomnogram signals. The method is an end-to-end framework that consists of a spatial encoder, a temporal encoder, and an MLP head classifier. The spatial encoder using a pre-trained Vision Transformer captures spatial information from multiple PSG channels. The temporal encoder utilizing the self-attention mechanism understands transitions between nearby epochs. In addition, we introduce a tailored image generation method to extract features within multi-channel and reshape them for transfer learning. We validate our method on 3 datasets and outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms. Our method fully explores the spatial-temporal relationship among different brain regions and addresses the problem of data insufficiency in clinical environments. Benefiting from reformulating the problem as image classification, the method could be applied to other 1D-signal problems in the future.
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Legaz A, Prado P, Moguilner S, Báez S, Santamaría-García H, Birba A, Barttfeld P, García AM, Fittipaldi S, Ibañez A. Social and non-social working memory in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 183:106171. [PMID: 37257663 PMCID: PMC11177282 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although social functioning relies on working memory, whether a social-specific mechanism exists remains unclear. This undermines the characterization of neurodegenerative conditions with both working memory and social deficits. We assessed working memory domain-specificity across behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging dimensions in 245 participants. A novel working memory task involving social and non-social stimuli with three load levels was assessed across controls and different neurodegenerative conditions with recognized impairments in: working memory and social cognition (behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia); general cognition (Alzheimer's disease); and unspecific patterns (Parkinson's disease). We also examined resting-state theta oscillations and functional connectivity correlates of working memory domain-specificity. Results in controls and all groups together evidenced increased working memory demands for social stimuli associated with frontocinguloparietal theta oscillations and salience network connectivity. Canonical frontal theta oscillations and executive-default mode network anticorrelation indexed non-social stimuli. Behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia presented generalized working memory deficits related to posterior theta oscillations, with social stimuli linked to salience network connectivity. In Alzheimer's disease, generalized working memory impairments were related to temporoparietal theta oscillations, with non-social stimuli linked to the executive network. Parkinson's disease showed spared working memory performance and canonical brain correlates. Findings support a social-specific working memory and related disease-selective pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Legaz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pavel Prado
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Moguilner
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, United States; Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Hernando Santamaría-García
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Physiology and Psychiatry Departments, Memory and Cognition Center Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustina Birba
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Cognitive Science Group. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), CONICET UNC, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Boulevard de la Reforma esquina Enfermera Gordillo, CP 5000. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, United States; Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, United States; Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, United States; Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Sun Y, Lei F, Luo L, Zou K, Tang X. Effects of a single night of continuous positive airway pressure on spontaneous brain activity in severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8950. [PMID: 37268707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single night of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on spontaneous brain activity and the underlying neuropathological mechanisms in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study involved 30 severe OSA patients and 19 healthy controls (HC). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) methods were employed to evaluate spontaneous brain activity in all participants. Following a single night of CPAP treatment, ReHo values increased in the bilateral caudate and decreased in the right superior frontal gyrus. The fALFF values increased in the left orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and the right orbital of the inferior frontal gyrus (Frontal_Inf_Orb_R). However, fALFF values decreased in the medial part of the left superior frontal gyrus and the right supramarginal part of the inferior parietal lobe. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between the change in the fALFF in the Frontal_Inf_Orb_R and the change in REM sleep duration (r = 0.437, p = 0.016) following a single night of CPAP treatment. We concluded that observing changes in abnormal fALFF and ReHo in OSA patients before and after a single night of CPAP treatment may enhance our understanding of the neurological mechanisms in patients with severe OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Sun
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Lei
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Luo
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Zou
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhuravlev M, Agaltsov M, Kiselev A, Simonyan M, Novikov M, Selskii A, Ukolov R, Drapkina O, Orlova A, Penzel T, Runnova A. Compensatory mechanisms of reduced interhemispheric EEG connectivity during sleep in patients with apnea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8444. [PMID: 37231107 PMCID: PMC10213009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a mathematical analysis of functional connectivity in electroencephalography (EEG) of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (N = 10; age: 52.8 ± 13 years; median age: 49 years; male/female ratio: 7/3), compared with a group of apparently healthy participants (N = 15; age: 51.5 ± 29.5 years; median age: 42 years; male/female ratio: 8/7), based on the calculation of wavelet bicoherence from nighttime polysomnograms. Having observed the previously known phenomenon of interhemispheric synchronization deterioration, we demonstrated a compensatory increase in intrahemispheric connectivity, as well as a slight increase in the connectivity of the central and occipital areas for high-frequency EEG activity. Significant changes in functional connectivity were extremely stable in groups of apparently healthy participants and OSA patients, maintaining the overall pattern when comparing different recording nights and various sleep stages. The maximum variability of the connectivity was observed at fast oscillatory processes during REM sleep. The possibility of observing some changes in functional connectivity of brain activity in OSA patients in a state of passive wakefulness opens up prospects for further research. Developing the methods of hypnogram evaluation that are independent of functional connectivity may be useful for implementing a medical decision support system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Zhuravlev
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail Agaltsov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Kiselev
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Simonyan
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Cardiology Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail Novikov
- Institute of Cardiology Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton Selskii
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Rodion Ukolov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Oksana Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Orlova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Runnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.
- Institute of Cardiology Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia.
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9
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Drew VJ, Wang C, Kim T. Progressive sleep disturbance in various transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119810. [PMID: 37273656 PMCID: PMC10235623 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. The relationship between AD and sleep dysfunction has received increased attention over the past decade. The use of genetically engineered mouse models with enhanced production of amyloid beta (Aβ) or hyperphosphorylated tau has played a critical role in the understanding of the pathophysiology of AD. However, their revelations regarding the progression of sleep impairment in AD have been highly dependent on the mouse model used and the specific techniques employed to examine sleep. Here, we discuss the sleep disturbances and general pathology of 15 mouse models of AD. Sleep disturbances covered in this review include changes to NREM and REM sleep duration, bout lengths, bout counts and power spectra. Our aim is to describe in detail the severity and chronology of sleep disturbances within individual mouse models of AD, as well as reveal broader trends of sleep deterioration that are shared among most models. This review also explores a variety of potential mechanisms relating Aβ accumulation and tau neurofibrillary tangles to the progressive deterioration of sleep observed in AD. Lastly, this review offers perspective on how study design might impact our current understanding of sleep disturbances in AD and provides strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Drew
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanung Wang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Soyuhos O, Baldauf D. Functional connectivity fingerprints of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction suggest spatial versus nonspatial processing in the prefrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1114-1140. [PMID: 36789470 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the frontal eye field (FEF) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) govern the encoding of spatial and nonspatial (such as feature- or object-based) representations, respectively, both during visual attention and working memory tasks. However, it is still unclear whether such contrasting functional segregation is also reflected in their underlying functional connectivity patterns. Here, we hypothesized that FEF has predominant functional coupling with spatiotopically organized regions in the dorsal ('where') visual stream whereas IFJ has predominant functional connectivity with the ventral ('what') visual stream. We applied seed-based functional connectivity analyses to temporally high-resolving resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. We parcellated the brain according to the multimodal Glasser atlas and tested, for various frequency bands, whether the spontaneous activity of each parcel in the ventral and dorsal visual pathway has predominant functional connectivity with FEF or IFJ. The results show that FEF has a robust power correlation with the dorsal visual pathway in beta and gamma bands. In contrast, anterior IFJ (IFJa) has a strong power coupling with the ventral visual stream in delta, beta and gamma oscillations. Moreover, while FEF is phase-coupled with the superior parietal lobe in the beta band, IFJa is phase-coupled with the middle and inferior temporal cortex in delta and gamma oscillations. We argue that these intrinsic connectivity fingerprints are congruent with each brain region's function. Therefore, we conclude that FEF and IFJ have dissociable connectivity patterns that fit their respective functional roles in spatial versus nonspatial top-down attention and working memory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Soyuhos
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel Baldauf
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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11
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Ujma PP, Dresler M, Simor P, Fabó D, Ulbert I, Erőss L, Bódizs R. The sleep EEG envelope is a novel, neuronal firing-based human biomarker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18836. [PMID: 36336717 PMCID: PMC9637727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep EEG reflects voltage differences relative to a reference, while its spectrum reflects its composition of various frequencies. In contrast, the envelope of the sleep EEG reflects the instantaneous amplitude of oscillations, while its spectrum reflects the rhythmicity of the occurrence of these oscillations. The sleep EEG spectrum is known to relate to demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics, but the envelope spectrum has been rarely studied. In study 1, we demonstrate in human invasive data from cortex-penetrating microelectrodes and subdural grids that the sleep EEG envelope spectrum reflects neuronal firing. In study 2, we demonstrate that the scalp EEG envelope spectrum is stable within individuals. A multivariate learning algorithm could predict age (r = 0.6) and sex (r = 0.5) from the EEG envelope spectrum. With age, oscillations shifted from a 4-5 s rhythm to faster rhythms. Our results demonstrate that the sleep envelope spectrum is a promising biomarker of demographic and disease-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter P Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Martin Dresler
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dániel Fabó
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Department of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
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Greening L, McBride S. A Review of Equine Sleep: Implications for Equine Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:916737. [PMID: 36061116 PMCID: PMC9428463 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a significant biological requirement for all living mammals due to its restorative properties and its cognitive role in memory consolidation. Sleep is ubiquitous amongst all mammals but sleep profiles differ between species dependent upon a range of biological and environmental factors. Given the functional importance of sleep, it is important to understand these differences in order to ensure good physical and psychological wellbeing for domesticated animals. This review focuses specifically on the domestic horse and aims to consolidate current information on equine sleep, in relation to other species, in order to (a) identify both quantitatively and qualitatively what constitutes normal sleep in the horse, (b) identify optimal methods to measure equine sleep (logistically and in terms of accuracy), (c) determine whether changes in equine sleep quantity and quality reflect changes in the animal's welfare, and (d) recognize the primary factors that affect the quantity and quality of equine sleep. The review then discusses gaps in current knowledge and uses this information to identify and set the direction of future equine sleep research with the ultimate aim of improving equine performance and welfare. The conclusions from this review are also contextualized within the current discussions around the “social license” of horse use from a welfare perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Greening
- Hartpury University and Hartpury College, Gloucester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Linda Greening
| | - Sebastian McBride
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 65:101691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mylonas D, Sjøgård M, Shi Z, Baxter B, Hämäläinen M, Manoach DS, Khan S. A Novel Approach to Estimating the Cortical Sources of Sleep Spindles Using Simultaneous EEG/MEG. Front Neurol 2022; 13:871166. [PMID: 35785365 PMCID: PMC9243385 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.871166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles, defining oscillations of stage II non-rapid eye movement sleep (N2), mediate sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Spindles are disrupted in several neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive impairment. Increasing spindles can improve memory suggesting spindles as a promising physiological target for the development of cognitive enhancing therapies. This effort would benefit from more comprehensive and spatially precise methods to characterize spindles. Spindles, as detected with electroencephalography (EEG), are often widespread across electrodes. Available evidence, however, suggests that they act locally to enhance cortical plasticity in the service of memory consolidation. Here, we present a novel method to enhance the spatial specificity of cortical source estimates of spindles using combined EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data constrained to the cortex based on structural MRI. To illustrate this method, we used simultaneous EEG and MEG recordings from 25 healthy adults during a daytime nap. We first validated source space spindle detection using only EEG data by demonstrating strong temporal correspondence with sensor space EEG spindle detection (gold standard). We then demonstrated that spindle source estimates using EEG alone, MEG alone and combined EEG/MEG are stable across nap sessions. EEG detected more source space spindles than MEG and each modality detected non-overlapping spindles that had distinct cortical source distributions. Source space EEG was more sensitive to spindles in medial frontal and lateral prefrontal cortex, while MEG was more sensitive to spindles in somatosensory and motor cortices. By combining EEG and MEG data this method leverages the differential spatial sensitivities of the two modalities to obtain a more comprehensive and spatially specific source estimation of spindles than possible with either modality alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Mylonas
| | - Martin Sjøgård
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zhaoyue Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Carle Illinois Advanced Imaging Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Bryan Baxter
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Matti Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dara S. Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Fitzroy AB, Jones BJ, Kainec KA, Seo J, Spencer RMC. Aging-Related Changes in Cortical Sources of Sleep Oscillatory Neural Activity Following Motor Learning Reflect Contributions of Cortical Thickness and Pre-sleep Functional Activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:787654. [PMID: 35087393 PMCID: PMC8786737 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.787654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory neural activity during sleep, such as that in the delta and sigma bands, is important for motor learning consolidation. This activity is reduced with typical aging, and this reduction may contribute to aging-related declines in motor learning consolidation. Evidence suggests that brain regions involved in motor learning contribute to oscillatory neural activity during subsequent sleep. However, aging-related differences in regional contributions to sleep oscillatory activity following motor learning are unclear. To characterize these differences, we estimated the cortical sources of consolidation-related oscillatory activity using individual anatomical information in young and older adults during non-rapid eye movement sleep after motor learning and analyzed them in light of cortical thickness and pre-sleep functional brain activation. High-density electroencephalogram was recorded from young and older adults during a midday nap, following completion of a functional magnetic resonance imaged serial reaction time task as part of a larger experimental protocol. Sleep delta activity was reduced with age in a left-weighted motor cortical network, including premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and pre-supplementary motor area, as well as non-motor regions in parietal, temporal, occipital, and cingulate cortices. Sleep theta activity was reduced with age in a similar left-weighted motor network, and in non-motor prefrontal and middle cingulate regions. Sleep sigma activity was reduced with age in left primary motor cortex, in a non-motor right-weighted prefrontal-temporal network, and in cingulate regions. Cortical thinning mediated aging-related sigma reductions in lateral orbitofrontal cortex and frontal pole, and partially mediated delta reductions in parahippocampal, fusiform, and lingual gyri. Putamen, caudate, and inferior parietal cortex activation prior to sleep predicted frontal and motor cortical contributions to sleep delta and theta activity in an age-moderated fashion, reflecting negative relationships in young adults and positive or absent relationships in older adults. Overall, these results support the local sleep hypothesis that brain regions active during learning contribute to consolidation-related neural activity during subsequent sleep and demonstrate that sleep oscillatory activity in these regions is reduced with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahren B. Fitzroy
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Bethany J. Jones
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kyle A. Kainec
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jeehye Seo
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca M. C. Spencer
- Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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16
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Pitkanen H, Duce B, Leppanen T, Kainulainen S, Kulkas A, Myllymaa S, Toyras J, Korkalainen H. Gamma Power of Electroencephalogram Arousal is Modulated by Respiratory Event Type and Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1417-1423. [PMID: 34613906 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3118229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) gamma power (30-40 Hz) of respiratory arousals between varying types and severities of respiratory events, and in different sleep stages. METHODS Power spectral densities of EEG signals from diagnostic Type I polysomnograms of 869 patients with clinically suspected obstructive sleep apnea were investigated. Arousals were compared between sleep stages, as well as between the type (obstructive apnea and hypopnea), and duration (10-20 s, 20-30 s, and >30 s) of the related respiratory event. Moreover, we investigated whether the presence of a ≥3% blood oxygen desaturation influenced the arousal gamma power. RESULTS Gamma power of respiratory arousals was the lowest in Stage R sleep and increased from Stage N1 towards Stage N3. Gamma power was higher when the arousals were caused by obstructive apneas compared to hypopneas. Moreover, arousal gamma power increased when the duration of the related apnea increased, whereas an increase in the hypopnea duration did not have a similar effect. Furthermore, respiratory events associated with desaturations increased the arousal gamma power more compared to respiratory events not associated with desaturations. CONCLUSION Gamma power of respiratory arousals increased in deeper sleep and as the severity of the related respiratory event increased in terms of degree of obstruction and presence of desaturation. SIGNIFICANCE As increased gamma power might indicate a greater shift towards wakefulness, the present findings demonstrate that the arousal intensity and the magnitude of sleep disruption may vary depending on the event type and severity.
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Mikkelsen KB, Phan H, Rank ML, Hemmsen MC, de Vos M, Kidmose P. Sleep monitoring using ear-centered setups: Investigating the influence from electrode configurations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1564-1572. [PMID: 34587000 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern sleep monitoring development is shifting towards the use of unobtrusive sensors combined with algorithms for automatic sleep scoring. Many different combinations of wet and dry electrodes, ear-centered, forehead-mounted or headband-inspired designs have been proposed, alongside an ever growing variety of machine learning algorithms for automatic sleep scoring. OBJECTIVE Among candidate positions, those in the facial area and around the ears have the benefit of being relatively hairless, and in our view deserve extra attention. In this paper, we seek to determine the limits to sleep monitoring quality within this spatial constraint. METHODS We compare 13 different, realistic sensor setups derived from the same data set and analysed with the same pipeline. RESULTS All setups which include both a lateral and an EOG derivation show similar, state-of-the-art performance, with average Cohen's kappa values of at least 0.80. CONCLUSION If large electrode distances are used, positioning is not critical for achieving large sleep-related signal-to-noise-ratio, and hence accurate sleep scoring. SIGNIFICANCE We argue that with the current competitive performance of automated staging approaches, there is a need for establishing an improved benchmark beyond current single human rater scoring.
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Advances in Electrical Source Imaging: A Review of the Current Approaches, Applications and Challenges. SIGNALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/signals2030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain source localization has been consistently implemented over the recent years to elucidate complex brain operations, pairing the high temporal resolution of the EEG with the high spatial estimation of the estimated sources. This review paper aims to present the basic principles of Electrical source imaging (ESI) in the context of the recent progress for solving the forward and the inverse problems, and highlight the advantages and limitations of the different approaches. As such, a synthesis of the current state-of-the-art methodological aspects is provided, offering a complete overview of the present advances with regard to the ESI solutions. Moreover, the new dimensions for the analysis of the brain processes are indicated in terms of clinical and cognitive ESI applications, while the prevailing challenges and limitations are thoroughly discussed, providing insights for future approaches that could help to alleviate methodological and technical shortcomings.
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Ruch S, Fehér K, Homan S, Morishima Y, Mueller SM, Mueller SV, Dierks T, Grieder M. Bi-Temporal Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Slow-Wave Sleep Boosts Slow-Wave Density but Not Memory Consolidation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040410. [PMID: 33805063 PMCID: PMC8064104 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-wave sleep (SWS) has been shown to promote long-term consolidation of episodic memories in hippocampo–neocortical networks. Previous research has aimed to modulate cortical sleep slow-waves and spindles to facilitate episodic memory consolidation. Here, we instead aimed to modulate hippocampal activity during slow-wave sleep using transcranial direct current stimulation in 18 healthy humans. A pair-associate episodic memory task was used to evaluate sleep-dependent memory consolidation with face–occupation stimuli. Pre- and post-nap retrieval was assessed as a measure of memory performance. Anodal stimulation with 2 mA was applied bilaterally over the lateral temporal cortex, motivated by its particularly extensive connections to the hippocampus. The participants slept in a magnetic resonance (MR)-simulator during the recordings to test the feasibility for a future MR-study. We used a sham-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced randomized, within-subject crossover design. We show that stimulation vs. sham significantly increased slow-wave density and the temporal coupling of fast spindles and slow-waves. While retention of episodic memories across sleep was not affected across the entire sample of participants, it was impaired in participants with below-average pre-sleep memory performance. Hence, bi-temporal anodal direct current stimulation applied during sleep enhanced sleep parameters that are typically involved in memory consolidation, but it failed to improve memory consolidation and even tended to impair consolidation in poor learners. These findings suggest that artificially enhancing memory-related sleep parameters to improve memory consolidation can actually backfire in those participants who are in most need of memory improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ruch
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Fehér
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Stephanie Homan
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yosuke Morishima
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Sarah Maria Mueller
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Stefanie Verena Mueller
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Matthias Grieder
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (K.F.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (S.M.M.); (S.V.M.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Dutta SD, Patel DK, Ganguly K, Lim KT. Effects of GABA/β-glucan supplements on melatonin and serotonin content extracted from natural resources. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247890. [PMID: 33667254 PMCID: PMC7935273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to monitor the secretion of serotonin and melatonin in the blood serum of rats in the presence of rice bran (RB), and Sarcodon aspratus (S) extracts for sleep promotion. BACKGROUND Sleep is a natural physiological phenomenon, and sleep disorders may cause severe mental hazards leading to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-glucan are the essential active ingredients of RB and mushroom, respectively, exhibited stress-reduction and nerve stabilizing potential through regulation of melatonin and serotonin hormones. METHODS Cytotoxicity of the extracts (RBS) was evaluated through WST-1 assay. The melatonin and serotonin concentrations in the blood serum were measured through ELISA kits. The Ig ELISA kit measured the immunoglobulin's (IgG, IgM, and IgA) concentrations. RESULTS Improved cell viability was observed in RBS treated groups than control, indicating their biocompatibility. The melatonin and serotonin levels were high in RBS (5:5 and 7:3) treated groups compared to the control. Enhanced expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G level was observed in RBS treated rats. The serotonergic genes (5-HTT, 5-HT 1B, and MAO-A) expression levels were upregulated in RBS treated groups vis-à-vis the control. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we anticipated that RBS supplements could promote the sleep phenomenon by elevating the serotonin/melatonin level in the blood through the serotonergic system. Therefore, RBS supplements can be utilized as functional food material for sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Tanwear A, Liang X, Liu Y, Vuckovic A, Ghannam R, Bohnert T, Paz E, Freitas PP, Ferreira R, Heidari H. Spintronic Sensors Based on Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Wireless Eye Movement Gesture Control. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:1299-1310. [PMID: 32991289 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.3027242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tracking of eye gesture movements using wearable technologies can undoubtedly improve quality of life for people with mobility and physical impairments by using spintronic sensors based on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in a human-machine interface. Our design involves integrating three TMR sensors on an eyeglass frame for detecting relative movement between the sensor and tiny magnets embedded in an in-house fabricated contact lens. Using TMR sensors with the sensitivity of 11 mV/V/Oe and ten <1 mm3 embedded magnets within a lens, an eye gesture system was implemented with a sampling frequency of up to 28 Hz. Three discrete eye movements were successfully classified when a participant looked up, right or left using a threshold-based classifier. Moreover, our proof-of-concept real-time interaction system was tested on 13 participants, who played a simplified Tetris game using their eye movements. Our results show that all participants were successful in completing the game with an average accuracy of 90.8%.
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