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Barisione C, Verzola D, Garibaldi S, Altieri P, Furfaro AL, Nitti M, Pratesi G, Palombo D, Ameri P. Indoxyl sulphate-initiated activation of cardiac fibroblasts is modulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18192. [PMID: 38506079 PMCID: PMC10951876 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, extensive attention has been paid to the uremic toxin indoxyl sulphate (IS) as an inducer of cardiac fibroblast (cFib) activation and cardiac fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. At cellular level, IS engages aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and regulates many biological functions. We analysed how AhR inhibition by CH-223191 (CH) and overexpression of non-functional (dominant negative, DN) nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor recruited by AhR, modulate the response of neonatal mouse (nm) cFib to IS. We also evaluated nm-cardiomyocytes after incubation with the conditioned medium (CM) of IS±CH-treated nm-cFib. IS induced activation, collagen synthesis, TLR4 and-downstream-MCP-1, and the genes encoding angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1r) and neprilysin (Nepr) in nm-cFib. CH antagonized IS-initiated nm-cFib activation, but did not affect or even magnified the other features. IS promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation and expression the NRF2 target Nqo1. Both pre-incubation with CH and transfection of DN-NRF2 resulted in loss of NRF2 nuclear localization. Moreover, DN-NRF2 overexpression led to greater TLR4 and MCP-1 levels following exposure to IS. The CM of IS-primed nm-cFib and to a larger extent the CM of IS+CH-treated nm-cFib upregulated AT1r, Nepr and TNFα and myostatin genes in nm-cardiomyocytes. Hence, IS triggers pro-inflammatory activation of nm-cFib partly via AhR, and AhR-NRF2 counteract it. Strategies other than AhR inhibition are needed to target IS detrimental actions on cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barisione
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | | | - Paola Altieri
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | | | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Giovanni Pratesi
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
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2
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Yousefi M, Lee WS, Chan WOY, He W, Mah MG, Yong CL, Deerain JM, Wang L, Arcinas C, Yan B, Tan D, Sia WR, Gamage AM, Yang J, Hsu ACY, Li S, Linster M, Yang X, Ghosh S, Anderson DE, Smith GJD, Tan CW, Wang LF, Ooi YS. Betacoronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 infections in IGROV-1 cell line require aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2256416. [PMID: 37672505 PMCID: PMC10512916 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2256416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of novel betacoronaviruses has posed significant financial and human health burdens, necessitating the development of appropriate tools to combat future outbreaks. In this study, we have characterized a human cell line, IGROV-1, as a robust tool to detect, propagate, and titrate betacoronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. IGROV-1 cells can be used for serological assays, antiviral drug testing, and isolating SARS-CoV-2 variants from patient samples. Using time-course transcriptomics, we confirmed that IGROV-1 cells exhibit a robust innate immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, recapitulating the response previously observed in primary human nasal epithelial cells. We performed genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screens in IGROV-1 cells and identified Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a critical host dependency factor for both SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. Using DiMNF, a small molecule inhibitor of AHR, we observed that the drug selectively inhibits HCoV-OC43 infection but not SARS-CoV-2. Transcriptomic analysis in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells revealed that DiMNF blocks HCoV-OC43 infection via basal activation of innate immune responses. Our findings highlight the potential of IGROV-1 cells as a valuable diagnostic and research tool to combat betacoronavirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Yousefi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Suet Lee
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wharton O. Y. Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei He
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus G. Mah
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cythia Lingli Yong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua M. Deerain
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lijin Wang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Camille Arcinas
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Biaoguo Yan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dewei Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akshamal M. Gamage
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinxuan Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Shang Li
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Linster
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinglou Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danielle E. Anderson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gavin J. D. Smith
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translation Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yaw Shin Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Soles A, Selimovic A, Sbrocco K, Ghannoum F, Hamel K, Moncada EL, Gilliat S, Cvetanovic M. Extracellular Matrix Regulation in Physiology and in Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7049. [PMID: 37108212 PMCID: PMC10138624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounds cells in the brain, providing structural and functional support. Emerging studies demonstrate that the ECM plays important roles during development, in the healthy adult brain, and in brain diseases. The aim of this review is to briefly discuss the physiological roles of the ECM and its contribution to the pathogenesis of brain disease, highlighting the gene expression changes, transcriptional factors involved, and a role for microglia in ECM regulation. Much of the research conducted thus far on disease states has focused on "omic" approaches that reveal differences in gene expression related to the ECM. Here, we review recent findings on alterations in the expression of ECM-associated genes in seizure, neuropathic pain, cerebellar ataxia, and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Next, we discuss evidence implicating the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in regulating the expression of ECM genes. HIF-1 is induced in response to hypoxia, and also targets genes involved in ECM remodeling, suggesting that hypoxia could contribute to ECM remodeling in disease conditions. We conclude by discussing the role microglia play in the regulation of the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized form of ECM in the central nervous system. We show evidence that microglia can modulate PNNs in healthy and diseased brain states. Altogether, these findings suggest that ECM regulation is altered in brain disease, and highlight the role of HIF-1 and microglia in ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Soles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adem Selimovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kaelin Sbrocco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ferris Ghannoum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine Hamel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emmanuel Labrada Moncada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen Gilliat
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Morales-Bárcenas R, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Santibáñez-Andrade M, Chirino YI, Soto-Reyes E, García-Cuellar CM. Airborne particulate matter (PM 10) induces cell invasion through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) pathway deregulation in A549 lung epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:107-119. [PMID: 36309615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter with an aerodynamic size ≤ 10 μm (PM10) is a risk factor for lung cancer development, mainly because some components are highly toxic. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in PM10, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which is a well-known genotoxic and carcinogenic compound to humans, capable of activating AP-1 transcription factor family genes through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Because effects of BaP include metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) activation, cell invasion, and other pathways related to carcinogenesis, we aimed to demonstrate that PM10 (10 µg/cm2) exposure induces the activation of AP-1 family members as well as cell invasion in lung epithelial cells, through AhR pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The role of the AhR gene in cells exposed to PM10 (10 µg/cm2) and BaP (1µM) for 48 h was evaluated using AhR-targeted interference siRNA. Then, the AP-1 family members (c-Jun, Jun B, Jun D, Fos B, C-Fos, and Fra-1), the levels/activity of MMP-9, and cell invasion were analyzed. We found that PM10 increased AhR levels and promoted its nuclear localization in A549 treated cells. Also, PM10 and BaP deregulated the activity of AP-1 family members. Moreover, PM10 upregulated the secretion and activity of MMP-9 through AhR, while BaP had no effect. Finally, we found that cell invasion in A549 cells exposed to PM10 and BaP is modulated by AhR. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that PM10 exposure induces upregulation of the c-Jun, Jun B, and Fra-1 activity, the expression/activity of MMP-9, and the cell invasion in lung epithelial cells, effects mediated through the AhR. Also, the Fos B and C-Fos activity were downregulated. In addition, the effects induced by PM10 exposure were like those induced by BaP, which highlights the potentially toxic effects of the PM10 mixture in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México
| | - Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, CP 54090, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México.
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5
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Hao T, Zhang R, Zhao T, Wu J, Leung WK, Yang J, Sun W. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection promotes inflammation via inhibition of the AhR signalling pathway in periodontitis. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13364. [PMID: 36446468 PMCID: PMC9890531 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a key pathogen of chronic periodontitis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is essential in immune homeostasis via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). In this study, it is demonstrated that P. gingivalis may regulate AhR signalling in periodontitis, which provides a potential target for further immune regulation studies in periodontitis. Experimental periodontitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by silk ligature and P. gingivalis oral inoculation. The alveolar bone resorption was examined using Micro-CT. Histological structures were observed and related cytokines involved in AhR signalling pathway were analysed. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with AhR agonist (FICZ) and antagonist (CH223191) and infected with P. gingivalis subsequently. The levels of IDO, AhR and other related cytokines were measured. To demonstrate IDO activity, the concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn) were assessed by HPLC. Histological analysis of periodontitis mice showed distinct alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration. The level of AhR and its downstream target factors were significantly decreased in inflamed gingival tissue. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells incubated by P. gingivalis exhibited increased pro-inflammatory cytokines production and decreased AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and IDO expression. Decreased IDO activity was observed as decreased Kyn/Trp ratio in the supernatant. Moreover, FICZ decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in P. gingivalis infected cells. It is concluded that P. gingivalis may promote inflammatory responses via inhibiting the AhR signalling pathway in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hao
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weibin Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Tamayo M, Martín-Nunes L, Piedras MJ, Martin-Calvo M, Martí-Morente D, Gil-Fernández M, Gómez-Hurtado N, Moro MÁ, Bosca L, Fernández-Velasco M, Delgado C. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand FICZ Improves Left Ventricular Remodeling and Cardiac Function at the Onset of Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105403. [PMID: 35628213 PMCID: PMC9141655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse ventricular remodeling is the heart's response to damaging stimuli and is linked to heart failure and poor prognosis. Formyl-indolo [3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ) is an endogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), through which it exerts pleiotropic effects including protection against inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. We evaluated the effect of AhR activation by FICZ on the adverse ventricular remodeling that occurs in the early phase of pressure overload in the murine heart induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) before and 3 days after Sham or TAC surgery in mice treated with FICZ or with vehicle, and cardiac tissue was used for biochemical studies. CMRI analysis revealed that FICZ improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. These beneficial effects involved the inhibition of the hypertrophic calcineurin/NFAT pathway, transcriptional reduction in pro-fibrotic genes, and antioxidant effects mediated by the NRF2/NQO1 pathway. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the role of cardiac AhR signaling in the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tamayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
| | - Laura Martín-Nunes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
| | - María José Piedras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martin-Calvo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
| | - Daniel Martí-Morente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
| | - Marta Gil-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Gómez-Hurtado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lisardo Bosca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.); (L.M.-N.); (M.J.P.); (M.M.-C.); (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.G.-H.); (L.B.); (M.F.-V.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gupta V, Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. Thinking inside the box: Current insights into targeting orbital tissue remodeling and inflammation in thyroid eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:858-874. [PMID: 34487739 PMCID: PMC8891393 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests in the orbit. In TED, the connective tissue behind the eye becomes inflamed and remodels with increased fat accumulation and/or increased muscle and scar tissue. As orbital tissue expands, patients develop edema, exophthalmos, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. In severe cases vision loss may occur secondary to corneal scarring from exposure or optic nerve compression. Currently there is no cure for TED, and treatments are limited. A major breakthrough in TED therapy occurred with the FDA approval of teprotumumab, a monoclonal insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocking antibody. Yet, teprotumumab therapy has limitations, including cost, infusion method of drug delivery, variable response, and relapse. We describe approaches to target orbital fibroblasts and the complex pathophysiology that underlies tissue remodeling and inflammation driving TED. Further advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms of TED may lead to prophylaxis based upon early biomarkers as well as lead to more convenient, less expensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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8
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Shah K, Maradana MR, Joaquina Delàs M, Metidji A, Graelmann F, Llorian M, Chakravarty P, Li Y, Tolaini M, Shapiro M, Kelly G, Cheshire C, Bhurta D, Bharate SB, Stockinger B. Cell-intrinsic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor signalling is required for the resolution of injury-induced colonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1827. [PMID: 35383166 PMCID: PMC8983642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensor that integrates microbial and dietary cues to influence physiological processes within the intestinal microenvironment, protecting against colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer development. Rapid tissue regeneration upon injury is important for the reinstatement of barrier integrity and its dysregulation promotes malignant transformation. Here we show that AHR is important for the termination of the regenerative response and the reacquisition of mature epithelial cell identity post injury in vivo and in organoid cultures in vitro. Using an integrative multi-omics approach in colon organoids, we show that AHR is required for timely termination of the regenerative response through direct regulation of transcription factors involved in epithelial cell differentiation as well as restriction of chromatin accessibility to regeneration-associated Yap/Tead transcriptional targets. Safeguarding a regulated regenerative response places AHR at a pivotal position in the delicate balance between controlled regeneration and malignant transformation. Rapid intestinal regeneration after injury is critical to maintain barrier integrity and homeostasis, but must be tightly controlled to prevent tumorigenesis. Here they show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required to terminate the regenerative response after wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amina Metidji
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederike Graelmann
- Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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9
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Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gupta V, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. More than Meets the Eye: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor is an Environmental Sensor, Physiological Regulator and a Therapeutic Target in Ocular Disease. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:791082. [PMID: 35295218 PMCID: PMC8915869 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.791082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor originally identified as an environmental sensor of xenobiotic chemicals. However, studies have revealed that the AHR regulates crucial aspects of cell growth and metabolism, development and the immune system. The importance of the AHR and AHR signaling in eye development, toxicology and disease is now being uncovered. The AHR is expressed in many ocular tissues including the retina, choroid, cornea and the orbit. A significant role for the AHR in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), autoimmune uveitis, and other ocular diseases has been identified. Ligands for the AHR are structurally diverse organic molecules from exogenous and endogenous sources. Natural AHR ligands include metabolites of tryptophan and byproducts of the microbiome. Xenobiotic AHR ligands include persistent environmental pollutants such as dioxins, benzo (a) pyrene [B (a) P] and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pharmaceutical agents including the proton pump inhibitors, esomeprazole and lansoprazole, and the immunosuppressive drug, leflunomide, activate the AHR. In this review, we highlight the role of the AHR in the eye and discuss how AHR signaling is involved in responding to endogenous and environmental stimuli. We also present the emerging concept that the AHR is a promising therapeutic target for eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Collynn F. Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Collynn F. Woeller,
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10
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Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Bensimon-Brito A, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Ramkumar S, Cordelières FP, Günther S, Bebianno MJ, Stainier DYR, Cancela ML, Laizé V. New insights into benzo[⍺]pyrene osteotoxicity in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112838. [PMID: 34607190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and ubiquitous organic pollutants, such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[⍺]pyrene (BaP), represent a major threat to aquatic organisms and human health. Beside some well-documented adverse effects on the development and reproduction of aquatic organisms, BaP was recently shown to affect fish bone formation and skeletal development through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In this work, zebrafish bone-related in vivo assays were used to evaluate the osteotoxic effects of BaP during bone development and regeneration. Acute exposure of zebrafish larvae to BaP from 3 to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) induced a dose-dependent reduction of the opercular bone size and a depletion of osteocalcin-positive cells, indicating an effect on osteoblast maturation. Chronic exposure of zebrafish larvae to BaP from 3 to 30 dpf affected the development of the axial skeleton and increased the incidence and severity of skeletal deformities. In young adults, BaP affected the mineralization of newly formed fin rays and scales, and impaired fin ray patterning and scale shape, through mechanisms that involve an imbalanced bone remodeling. Gene expression analyses indicated that BaP induced the activation of xenobiotic and metabolic pathways, while negatively impacting extracellular matrix formation and organization. Interestingly, BaP exposure positively regulated inflammation markers in larvae and increased the recruitment of neutrophils. A direct interaction between neutrophils and bone extracellular matrix or bone forming cells was observed in vivo, suggesting a role for neutrophils in the mechanisms underlying BaP osteotoxicity. Our work provides novel data on the cellular and molecular players involved in BaP osteotoxicity and brings new insights into a possible role for neutrophils in inflammatory bone reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany; DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; INSERM, ATIP-Avenir, Aix Marseille University, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UMS 3420 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie photonique, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria J Bebianno
- Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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11
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Ida Y, Ichioka H, Furuhashi M, Hikage F, Watanabe M, Umetsu A, Ohguro H. Reactivities of a Prostanoid EP2 Agonist, Omidenepag, Are Useful for Distinguishing between 3D Spheroids of Human Orbital Fibroblasts without or with Graves' Orbitopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113196. [PMID: 34831419 PMCID: PMC8622545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. To obtain new insights into the activation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors in human orbital fibroblasts (n-HOFs), the effects of the prostanoid EP2 agonist, omidenepag (OMD), and a rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, ripasudil (Rip) were evaluated using three-dimension (3D) n-HOFs spheroids in the absence and presence of the recombinant human TSH receptor antibodies, M22 and IGF-1. Methods. The effects of 100 nM OMD or 10 μM Rip on the physical properties, size, stiffness, and mRNA expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, their regulator, inflammatory cytokines, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors were examined and compared among 3D spheroids of n-HOFs, M22-/IGF-1-activated n-HOFs and GO-related human orbital fibroblasts (GHOFs). Results. The physical properties and mRNA expressions of several genes of the 3D n-HOFs spheroids were significantly and diversely modulated by the presence of OMD or Rip. The OMD-induced effects on M22-/IGF-1-activated n-HOFs were similar to the effects caused by GHOHs, but quite different from those of n-HOFs. Conclusions. The findings presented herein indicate that the changes induced by OMD may be useful in distinguishing between n-HOFs and GHOFs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/genetics
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/pathology
- Humans
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Orbit/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- rho-Associated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111; Fax: +81-11-613-6575
| | - Hanae Ichioka
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
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12
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Primary Ciliogenesis by 2-Isopropylmalic Acid Prevents PM2.5-Induced Inflammatory Response and MMP-1 Activation in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and a 3-D-Skin Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010941. [PMID: 34681602 PMCID: PMC8535518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matters (PMs) increase oxidative stress and inflammatory response in different tissues. PMs disrupt the formation of primary cilia in various skin cells, including keratinocytes and melanocytes. In this study, we found that 2-isopropylmalic acid (2-IPMA) promoted primary ciliogenesis and restored the PM2.5-induced dysgenesis of primary cilia in dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, 2-IPMA inhibited the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species and the activation of stress kinase in PM2.5-treated dermal fibroblasts. Further, 2-IPMA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, which were upregulated by PM2.5. However, the inhibition of primary ciliogenesis by IFT88 depletion reversed the downregulated cytokines by 2-IPMA. Moreover, we found that PM2.5 treatment increased the MMP-1 expression in dermal fibroblasts and a human 3-D-skin model. The reduced MMP-1 expression by 2-IPMA was further reversed by IFT88 depletion in PM2.5-treated dermal fibroblasts. These findings suggest that 2-IPMA ameliorates PM2.5-induced inflammation by promoting primary ciliogenesis in dermal fibroblasts.
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13
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Wu SB, Hou TY, Kau HC, Tsai CC. Effect of Pirfenidone on TGF-β1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis of Human Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101424. [PMID: 34680057 PMCID: PMC8533421 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone is a pyridinone derivative that has been shown to inhibit fibrosis in animal models and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Its effect on orbital fibroblasts remains poorly understood. We investigated the in vitro effect of pirfenidone in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis in primary cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). The expression of fibrotic proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, and collagen type I, was determined by Western blots. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) responsible for the ECM homeostasis were examined. After pretreating the GO orbital fibroblasts with pirfenidone (250, 500, and 750 μg/mL, respectively) for one hour followed by TGF-β1 for another 24 h, the expression of α-SMA, CTGF, fibronectin, and collagen type I decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreating the GO orbital fibroblasts with pirfenidone not only abolished TGF-β1-induced TIMP-1 expression but recovered the MMP-2/-9 activities. Notably, pirfenidone inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the critical mediators in the TGF-β1 pathways. These findings suggest that pirfenidone modulates TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and ECM homeostasis by attenuating downstream signaling of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bei Wu
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Yu Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Kau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 11259, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chih Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28757325; Fax: +886-2-28213984
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14
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Itoh T, Fujita S, Koketsu M, Hashizume T. Citrulluside H and citrulluside T from young watermelon fruit attenuate ultraviolet B radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression through the scavenging of generated reactive oxygen species in human dermal fibroblasts. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:386-394. [PMID: 33576527 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to UV radiation disrupts the oxidative stress defense systems; in the absence of adequate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mechanisms, the ROS produced cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Thus, ROS elimination can protect against photoaging and possibly skin cancer. We recently isolated two novel phenolic glycosides (citrulluside H and citrulluside T) with antioxidative activity from young watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruits. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of these compounds against UV-B-induced photodamage in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). METHODS NHDFs were exposed to UV-B irradiation at 25 mJ/cm2 . Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. MMP protein expression, as well as MAPK and NF-κB signaling, was investigated by Western blot analysis. Activation protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity was determined using a luciferase reporter assay. Intracellular ROS levels were measured using the CellROX™ Deep Red Reagent. RESULTS Citrulluside H and citrulluside T significantly downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, which are associated with the onset of skin wrinkle formation. Importantly, inhibition of UV-B-induced MMP expression in NHDFs by citrulluside H and citrulluside T was primarily due to the attenuation of MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB signaling via scavenging of the generated ROS. CONCLUSION Our findings delineated both citrulluside H and citrulluside T as potential agents for alleviating UV-induced skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Itoh
- Laboratory for Molecular Chemistry of Aquatic Materials, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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15
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Matshik Dakafay H, Liu K, Ojcius DM. Cigarette Smoke Stimulates SARS-CoV-2 Internalization by Activating AhR and Increasing ACE2 Expression in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147669. [PMID: 34299289 PMCID: PMC8307094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was proposed. COVID-19 is due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which uses the receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 for entry into host cells, thereby infecting cells of the respiratory tract and the oral cavity. Here, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and infection in human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in GECs, and that CSC activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in the oral cells. ACE2 was known to mediate SARS-CoV-2 internalization, and we demonstrate that CSC treatment potentiated the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in GECs in an AhR-dependent manner. AhR depletion using small interference RNA decreased SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus internalization in CSC-treated GECs compared with control GECs. Our study reveals that cigarette smoke upregulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression and infection in oral cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells of the oral cavity may suggest therapeutic interventions for preventing viral infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.L.C.A.-d.-S.); (D.M.O.)
| | - Harmony Matshik Dakafay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA;
| | - Kaitlyn Liu
- Dental Surgery Program, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA;
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.L.C.A.-d.-S.); (D.M.O.)
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16
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Inhibition of Fibrotic Contraction by Sirolimus (Rapamycin) in an Ex Vivo Model of Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:366-371. [PMID: 33237667 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease (TED) is characterized by orbital inflammation and complicated by extraocular muscle fibrosis. Treatment with rapamycin/sirolimus has been reported to improve ocular motility and disease manifestations in TED. Whether this resulted from a primary antifibrotic effect on fibroblasts or was secondary to immune-suppression is unclear. METHODS In vitro contractility studies of primary orbital fibroblasts. Cells from patients with TED and controls were treated with rapamycin [mechanistic target of rapamycin an (mTOR) inhibitor] and MHY1485 (an mTOR stimulator) as well as inhibitors upstream in the same signaling cascade (saracatinib and befatinib). RESULTS At concentrations consistent with the therapeutic dosing range in humans, rapamycin/sirolimus significantly reduces fibrosis in orbital fibroblasts from TED patients and controls in vitro. This effect is separate from, and in addition to, its immune suppressive effect. mTOR-driven fibrotic activity is greater in TED-derived fibroblasts and can be blocked also upstream of mTOR by inhibition of src. There was no adverse effect on cell survival. CONCLUSION The authors present evidence for a direct antifibrotic effect of rapamycin/sirolimus in primary orbital fibroblasts. Targeting mTOR signaling presents a further and adjunctive treatment of TED alongside other immune-suppressive agents. By acting downstream of IGF1-R, sirolimus may offer a cost-effective alternative to teprotumumab therapy. Clinical case reports, now supplemented by this in vitro evidence, support the initiation of a clinical trial to treat the fibrotic sequelae of TED with this already-approved agent. Such an "off-the-shelf" therapy is a welcome prospect for TED treatment, particularly one available at a low price.
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17
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Metalloproteinase 1 downregulation in neurofibromatosis 1: Therapeutic potential of antimalarial hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:513. [PMID: 34011935 PMCID: PMC8134427 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutation in the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene. Its hallmarks are cutaneous findings including neurofibromas, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We analyzed the collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression in Neurofibromatosis 1 cutaneous neurofibroma and found excessive expression of collagen and reduced expression of MMP1. To identify new therapeutic drugs for neurofibroma, we analyzed phosphorylation of components of the Ras pathway, which underlies NF1 regulation, and applied treatments to block this pathway (PD184352, U0126, and rapamycin) and lysosomal processes (chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and bafilomycin A (BafA)) in cultured Neurofibromatosis 1 fibroblasts. We found that downregulation of the MMP1 protein was a key abnormal feature in the neurofibromatosis 1 fibroblasts and that the decreased MMP1 was restored by the lysosomal blockers CQ and HCQ, but not by the blockers of the Ras pathway. Moreover, the MMP1-upregulating activity of those lysosomal blockers was dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation and ERK phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that lysosomal blockers are potential candidates for the treatment of Neurofibromatosis 1 neurofibroma.
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