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Tian J, Zhang Z, Shang Y, Zheng Y. Extraction, structure and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides from morels (Morchella spp.): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130656. [PMID: 38453116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Morels (Morchella spp.), which are cultivated only in a few regions of the world, are edible mushrooms known for their various properties including antioxidation, immune regulation, antiinflammation, and antitumor effects. Polysaccharides from Morchella are principally responsible for its antioxidant activity. This paper reviews the extraction, purification, structural analysis and antioxidant activity of Morchella polysaccharides (MPs), providing updated research progress. Meanwhile, the structural-property relationships of MPs were further discussed. In addition, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, the major factors responsible for the antioxidant activity of MPs were summarized including scavenging free radicals, reduction capacity, inhibitory lipid peroxidation activity, regulating the signal transduction pathway, reducing the production of ROS and NO, etc. Finally, we hope that our research can provide a reference for further research and development of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Tian
- College of Basic Medicine, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
| | - Yuanhong Shang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
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2
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Ferreira C, Sarraguça M. A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Use to Extract Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:124. [PMID: 38256957 PMCID: PMC10820243 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest from natural sources has been significantly explored in recent decades. However, the extraction techniques used were not very efficient in terms of time and energy consumption; additionally, the solvents used for the extraction were harmful for the environment. To improve the environmental impact of the extractions and at the same time increase the extraction yields, several new extraction techniques were developed. Among the most used ones are ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. These extraction techniques increased the yield and selectivity of the extraction in a smaller amount of time with a decrease in energy consumption. Nevertheless, a high volume of organic solvents was still used for the extraction, causing a subsequent environmental problem. Neoteric solvents appeared as green alternatives to organic solvents. Among the neoteric solvents, deep eutectic solvents were evidenced to be one of the best alternatives to organic solvents due to their intrinsic characteristics. These solvents are considered green solvents because they are made up of natural compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and carboxylic acids having low toxicity and high degradability. In addition, they are simple to prepare, with an atomic economy of 100%, with attractive physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the huge number of compounds that can be used to synthesize these solvents make them very useful in the extraction of bioactive compounds since they can be tailored to be selective towards a specific component or class of components. The main aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review which describes the main properties, characteristics, and production methods of deep eutectic solvents as well as its application to extract from natural sources bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical interest. Additionally, an overview of the more recent and sustainable extraction techniques is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mafalda Sarraguça
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
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3
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Hans N, Solanki D, Nagpal T, Amir H, Naik S, Malik A. Process optimization and characterization of hydrolysate from underutilized brown macroalgae (Padina tetrastromatica) after fucoidan extraction through subcritical water hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119497. [PMID: 37951112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for macroalgal biomass as a source of proteins, peptides, and amino acids is garnering attention for their biological and functional properties. This study depicts the use of emerging green techniques, i.e. subcritical water, to hydrolyze protein from Padina tetrastromatica. The biomass was treated with subcritical water at varying temperatures between 100 and 220 °C for 10-40 min at a biomass to water proportion of 1:50 (w/v) and pressure of 4.0 MPa. The optimum conditions for recovering the maximum protein (127.2 ± 1.1 mg g-1), free amino acids (58.4 ± 1.0 mg g-1), highest degree of hydrolysis (58.8 ± 1.2 %) and low molecular weight peptides (<650 Da) were found to be 220 °C for 10 min. The amino acid profiling of the hydrolysate revealed that it contains 45 % essential amino acids, with the highest concentration of methionine (0.18 %), isoleucine (0.12 %) and leucine (0.10 %). It was found that the hydrolysate contains phenolics (23.9 ± 1.4 mg GAE g-1) and flavonoids (1.23 ± 0.1 mg QE g-1), which are largely responsible for antioxidant activity. The hydrolysate effectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase and α-amylase in vitro, with IC50 values of 17.9 ± 0.1 mg mL-1 and 16.0 ± 0.5 %, respectively, which can help prevent Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Consequently, this study reveals that utilizing eco-friendly subcritical water hydrolysis method, 79 % of the protein was recovered from P. tetrastromatica, which might be an effective source of bioactive peptides in various nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Hans
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Divyang Solanki
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Tanya Nagpal
- Food Customization and Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Hirah Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Satyanarayan Naik
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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4
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Strieder MM, Sanches VL, Rostagno MA. Simultaneous extraction, separation, and analysis of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeine from coffee co-product by PLE-SPE × HPLC-PDA two-dimensional system. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113690. [PMID: 38129032 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed an integrated and automated procedure to extract, separate, and quantify bioactive compounds from a coffee co-product by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled inline with solid phase extraction (SPE) and online with HPLC-PDA (PLE-SPE × HPLC-PDA). The efficiency of the two-dimensional system in performing real-time analysis was verified by comparing HPLC-PDA results acquired by the system (online) and carried out after the extract fraction collection (offline). Different flow rates (1.5 mL/min for 336 min, 2 mL/min for 246.4 min, and 2.5 mL/min for 201.6 min) were evaluated to optimize the extraction, separation, and analysis method by PLE-SPE × HPLC-PDA. Subcritical water at 125 °C and 15 min of static time allowed the highest extraction yields of caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA). Caffeine was retained during the aqueous extraction in the SPE adsorbent and eluted from the column by exchanging the solvent for a hydroethanolic mixture. Thus, caffeine was separated from 5-CQA and other phenolic compounds, producing extracts with different compositions. The solvent flow rate did not have a significant effect (p-value ≥ 0.05) on the extraction, separation, and analysis (by online and offline methods) of 5-CQA. However, the online quantification of retained compounds in the SPE (i.e., caffeine) can underestimate concentration compared to offline analysis. Nevertheless, the results suggest that coupling of advanced techniques can be used to efficiently extract, separate, and analyze fractions of phenolic compounds, supplying an integrated method to produce high-added value ingredients for several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Martins Strieder
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Lacerda Sanches
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Maghraby YR, Labib RM, Sobeh M, Farag MA. Gingerols and shogaols: A multi-faceted review of their extraction, formulation, and analysis in drugs and biofluids to maximize their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100947. [PMID: 38144766 PMCID: PMC10739842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingerols represent the main bioactive compounds in ginger drugs mostly Zinigiber officinale (F. Zingebraceae) and account for the biological activities and the strong/pungent flavor in ginger. Ginger (Z. officinale) rhizome is one of the most valued herbal drugs for ailments' treatment in many ayurvedic medicine asides from its culinary applications as a spice. Gingerols and their dehydrated products shogaols are phenolic phytochemicals found in members of the Zingiberaceae family and account for most of their effects including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. This review entails most of the novel trends related to the extraction, optimization, and formulations of gingerols and shogaols to insure best recoveries and efficacies from their natural resources. Further, it presents a comprehensive overview of the different analytical approaches for the determination of gingerols/shogaols' levels in nutraceuticals to ensure highest quality and for their detection in body fluids for proof of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin R. Maghraby
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rola M. Labib
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Ferreira C, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C, Sarraguça M. Subcritical Water Extraction to Valorize Grape Biomass-A Step Closer to Circular Economy. Molecules 2023; 28:7538. [PMID: 38005259 PMCID: PMC10673199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the world population, the overexploitation of the planet's natural resources is becoming a worldwide concern. Changes in the way humankind thinks about production and consumption must be undertaken to protect our planet and our way of living. For this change to occur, sustainable development together with a circular economic approach and responsible consumption are key points. Agriculture activities are responsible for more than 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions; moreover, by 2050, it is expected that food production will increase by 60%. The valorization of food waste is therefore of high importance to decrease the environmental footprint of agricultural activities. Fruits and vegetables are wildly consumed worldwide, and grapes are one of the main producers of greenhouse gases. Grape biomass is rich in bioactive compounds that can be used for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and their extraction from this food residue has been the target of several studies. Among the extraction techniques used for the recovery of bioactive compounds from food waste, subcritical water extraction (SWE) has been the least explored. SWE has several advantages over other extraction techniques such as microwave and ultrasound extraction, allowing high yields with the use of only water as the solvent. Therefore, it can be considered a green extraction method following two of the principles of green chemistry: the use of less hazardous synthesis (principle number 3) and the use of safer solvents and auxiliaries (principle number 5). In addition, two of the green extraction principles for natural products are also followed: the use of alternative solvents or water (principle number 2) and the use of a reduced, robust, controlled and safe unit operation (principle number 5). This review is an overview of the extraction process using the SWE of grape biomass in a perspective of the circular economy through valorization of the bioactive compounds extracted. Future perspectives applied to the SWE are also discussed, as well as its ability to be a green extraction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Manuela M. Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Mafalda Sarraguça
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
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Shin SB, Lee JK, Ko MJ. Enhanced extraction of bioactive compounds from propolis (Apis mellifera L.) using subcritical water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15038. [PMID: 37700092 PMCID: PMC10497595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of propolis extracts were investigated using subcritical water extraction (SWE). SWE was performed by varying temperature (110-200 °C) and time (10-30 min). SWE using only water as solvent successfully to extracted bioactive compounds from propolis using high-purity glass thimbles. The concentrations of galangin (16.37 ± 0.61 mg/g), and chrysin (7.66 ± 0.64 mg/g) were maximal at 200 °C for 20 min, and 170 °C for 20 min, respectively. The antioxidative properties from propolis increased with the increasing extraction temperature and extraction time on SWE. The maximum yields of the total phenolics (226.37 ± 4.37 mg/g), flavonoids (70.28 ± 1.33 mg/g), and antioxidant activities (88.73 ± 0.58%, 98.86 ± 0.69%, and 858.89 ± 11.48 mg/g) were obtained at 200 °C for 20 min. Compared with using ethanol extraction (at 25 °C for 24 h, total phenolics = 176.28 ± 0.35, flavonoids = 56.41 ± 0.65, antioxidant activities = 72.74 ± 0.41%, 95.18 ± 0.11%, 619.51 ± 8.17 mg/g), all yields of SWE extracts obtained at 200 °C for 20 min were higher. SWE is suitable for a much faster and more efficient method extracting bioactive compounds from propolis compared to traditional extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, 17579, South Korea
| | | | - Min-Jung Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, 17579, South Korea.
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Alibekov RS, Mustapa Kamal SM, Taip FS, Sulaiman A, Azimov AM, Urazbayeva KA. Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Jackfruit Seeds Using Subcritical Water Extraction. Foods 2023; 12:3296. [PMID: 37685228 PMCID: PMC10486435 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Jackfruit is one of the major fruits cultivated in many Asian countries. Jackfruit seeds are generally disposed of into the environment, which causes an environmental concern that leads to biowaste accumulation. The seeds have excellent nutritional value, such as carbohydrates, protein, fats, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds, such as phenolic, can be recovered from jackfruit seeds that could add value to the food and pharmaceutical industry. Thus, this study focused on utilizing subcritical water to extract the phenolic compounds from jackfruit seeds and correlate them with antioxidant activity (AA). The extraction of phenolic compounds was studied at different temperatures and extraction times. The highest total phenolic compounds (TPC) and AA were obtained by treating the jackfruit seed powder at 210 °C, 30 min, and 15% solid loading under subcritical water extraction (SWE) with 1.84 mg GAE/100 g (TPC) and 86% (AA). High correlation between the extracted TPC and AA of the jackfruit seed extracts was obtained (R2 = 0.96), indicating a significant positive relationship between TPC and AA. A higher amount of TPC was obtained via SWE as compared to Soxhlet extraction (1 h:0.53 mg GAE/100 g and 4 h:1.20 mg GAE/100 g). More pores were detected on the surface of the sample treated by SWE than using Soxhlet extraction. Thus, jackfruit seed extracts can be potentially beneficial in the fortification of fermented dairy or meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshanbek Sultanbekovich Alibekov
- Food Engineering Department, M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenue 5, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan; (R.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.U.)
| | - Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Farah Saleena Taip
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Alifdalino Sulaiman
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Abdugani Mutalovich Azimov
- Food Engineering Department, M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenue 5, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan; (R.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.U.)
| | - Klara Abdyrazahovna Urazbayeva
- Food Engineering Department, M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenue 5, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan; (R.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.U.)
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9
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Eze FN, Jansakul C, Srichana T. Insights into the formulation properties, biocompatibility, and permeability of poorly water-soluble methoxyflavones with PEG400 and propylene glycol. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:385-404. [PMID: 37708958 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, thermal and non-thermal techniques were used to elucidate the putative physical and chemical interactions between poorly water-soluble Kaempferia methoxyflavones and PEG400/propylene glycol. Additionally, the biocompatibility of methoxyflavone-glycol solutions was evaluated using Caco-2 cells whereas the absorptive transport was investigated by measuring the apparent permeability coefficient (P app) of the methoxyflavones and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. Data from differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic analysis revealed physico-chemical compatibility between the three methoxyflavones and PEG400/propylene glycol. Furthermore, PEG400 and propylene glycol solutions of the methoxyflavones were shown to be compatible with Caco-2 cells at pharmacologically effective concentrations. In vitro transport studies across the Caco-2 cell monolayer revealed high P app values of 24.07 × 10-6 to 19.63 × 10-6 cm s-1 for PEG400 solutions of the methoxyflavones. The TEER values of the Caco-2 cell monolayers indicated that the increased drug transport was partly due to increased tight junction openings, but without compromising the epithelial barrier integrity. The good pharmaceutical and biocompatibility profiles, as well as improved transport of the methoxyflavones in PEG400 and propylene glycol solutions, are suggestive of the worthiness of this approach for further consideration pertaining to the development of these drugs into oral liquid dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Nwude Eze
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chaweewan Jansakul
- Natural Product Research Centre of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 Thailand
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Garza-Cadena C, Ortega-Rivera DM, Machorro-García G, Gonzalez-Zermeño EM, Homma-Dueñas D, Plata-Gryl M, Castro-Muñoz R. A comprehensive review on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a potential source of nutraceuticals for food formulations: Towards the polishing of gingerol and other present biomolecules. Food Chem 2023; 413:135629. [PMID: 36753787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, ginger is one the most consumed plants when dealing with the treatments of various illnesses. So far, it is known that various biologically active molecules, such as gingerols, shogaols and zingerone, among others, are the main responsible for specific biological activities, opening a new window for its utilization as a nutraceutical in foods. In pioneering extraction processes, solvent extraction has been initially used for these applications; however, the drawbacks of this typical extraction method compared with other emergent separation techniques make it possible for the exploration of new extraction pathways, including microwave, ultrasound, supercritical, subcritical and pressurized-assisted extraction, along with three phase partitioning, high-speed counter current chromatography and magnetic solid phase extraction. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report documenting the recent studies and cases of study in this field. Therefore, we comprehensively review the progress and the latest findings (over the last five years) on research developments, including patents and emerging extraction methods, aiming at the purification of biologically active molecules (gingerols, shogaols and zingerone) contained in ginger. Over the course of this review, particular emphasis is devoted to breakthrough strategies and meaningful outcomes in ginger components extraction. Finally, dosage and safety concerns related to ginger extracts are also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Garza-Cadena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, Sur 2501 Sur, Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Daniela Marian Ortega-Rivera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Prol. Canal de Miramontes, Coapa, San Bartolo el Chico, Tlalpan, 14380 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gerson Machorro-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, Sur 2501 Sur, Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Eloy Mauricio Gonzalez-Zermeño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Prol. Canal de Miramontes, Coapa, San Bartolo el Chico, Tlalpan, 14380 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Diego Homma-Dueñas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada, Sur 2501 Sur, Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Maksymilian Plata-Gryl
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, G.Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy, Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, 50110 Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico.
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11
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Barp L, Višnjevec AM, Moret S. Pressurized Liquid Extraction: A Powerful Tool to Implement Extraction and Purification of Food Contaminants. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102017. [PMID: 37238835 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is considered an advanced extraction technique developed in the mid-1990s with the aim of saving time and reducing solvent with respect to traditional extraction processes. It is commonly used with solid and semi-solid samples and employs solvent extraction at elevated temperatures and pressures, always below the respective critical points, to maintain the solvent in a liquid state throughout the extraction procedure. The use of these particular pressure and temperature conditions changes the physicochemical properties of the extraction solvent, allowing easier and deeper penetration into the matrix to be extracted. Furthermore, the possibility to combine the extraction and clean-up steps by including a layer of an adsorbent retaining interfering compounds directly in the PLE extraction cells makes this technique extremely versatile and selective. After providing a background on the PLE technique and parameters to be optimized, the present review focuses on recent applications (published in the past 10 years) in the field of food contaminants. In particular, applications related to the extraction of environmental and processing contaminants, pesticides, residues of veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, parabens, ethyl carbamate, and fatty acid esters of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol and 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol from different food matrices were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barp
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Sabrina Moret
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Gil KA, Jokić S, Cikoš AM, Banožić M, Jakovljević Kovač M, Fais A, Tuberoso CIG. Comparison of Different Green Extraction Techniques Used for the Extraction of Targeted Flavonoids from Edible Feijoa ( Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret) Flowers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1461. [PMID: 37050087 PMCID: PMC10096538 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of four green extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction, UAE; supercritical fluid extraction, SFE; subcritical water extraction, SWE; and extraction using deep eutectic solvents, DES) on the extraction of targeted flavonoids from edible feijoa flowers. The bioactive components in the obtained extracts were quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detector (HPLC-PDA). Moreover, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity by DPPH•, ABTS•+, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays were investigated. UAE generally gave the highest yields for isoquercitrin and quercetin content (18.36-25.33 and 10.86-16.13 µg/g), while DES extraction with choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2) and H2O content of 50% gave the highest yield of chrysanthemin (90.81 µg/g). The highest yield of flavone (12.69 mg/g) was obtained with supercritical CO2 at 300 bar. Finally, UAE gave the highest total polyphenol content (ca. 64 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity at 70 °C during 30 min with 40% (0.84 mmol TEAC/g and 2.25 mmol Fe2+/g, for ABTS•+ and CUPRAC, respectively) and 60% ethanol-water solution (0.49 mmol TEAC/g and 2.09 mmol Fe2+/g, for DPPH• and FRAP, respectively). The eco-friendly extraction techniques resulted in selective methods capable of extracting targeted bioactive compounds from edible feijoa flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Angelika Gil
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Cikoš
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Banožić
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Martina Jakovljević Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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13
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Trigueros E, Ramos C, Alonso-Riaño P, Beltrán S, Sanz MT. Subcritical Water Treatment for Valorization of the Red Algae Residue after Agar Extraction: Scale-Up from Laboratory to Pilot Plant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:3503-3514. [PMID: 36880853 PMCID: PMC9983305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of industrial subcritical water treatment on Gelidium sesquipedale residue through scaling up from the lab to pilot system in discontinuous mode (geometric scale-up factor = 50), at 130 and 175 °C (5% biomass), was investigated. The maximum volumes of the reactors were 500 mL at the lab-scale and 5 L at the pilot-scale system. At 175 °C, faster extraction/hydrolysis was observed for the pilot plant, but maximum yields were similar: 71.4 and 78.6% for galactans, 9.8 and 10.4% for glucans, and 92.7 and 86.1% for arabinans in pilot scale and lab scale, respectively, while the yields for proteins accounted nearly 40%. The highest yields for amino acids were observed for the smallest ones, while lower yields were determined for polar amino acids. The total phenolic content and color intensity progressively increased along time at lab scale, while a plateau was reached at the pilot level. Lower extraction yields but reproducible results were obtained at 130 °C. Finally, the pilot scale was essayed at a higher biomass loading (15%), and successful results were obtained, supporting the feasibility of the scaling-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Trigueros
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Cipriano Ramos
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Patricia Alonso-Riaño
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Sagrario Beltrán
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - María Teresa Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain
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14
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Razak AM, Zakaria SNA, Abdul Sani NF, Ab Rani N, Hakimi NH, Mohd Said M, Tan JK, Gan HK, Mad Nordin MF, Makpol S. A subcritical water extract of soil grown Zingiber officinale Roscoe: Comparative analysis of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and evaluation of bioactive metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1006265. [PMID: 36843947 PMCID: PMC9945201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1006265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) can scavenge free radicals, which cause oxidative damage and inflamm-ageing. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of soil ginger's sub-critical water extracts (SWE) on different ages of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The antioxidant properties and yield of SWE of soil- and soilless-grown ginger (soil ginger and soilless ginger will be used throughout the passage) were compared and evaluated. Methods: Three (young), nine (adult), and twenty-one (old) months old SD rats were subjected to oral gavage treatments with either distilled water or the SWE of soil ginger at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) for three months. Results: Soil ginger was found to yield 46% more extract than soilless ginger. While [6]-shogaol was more prevalent in soilless ginger, and [6]-gingerol concentration was higher in soil ginger (p < 0.05). Interestingly, soil ginger exhibited higher antioxidant activities than soilless ginger by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. With ginger treatment, a reduced levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) but not interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in young rats. In all ages of SD rats, ginger treatment boosted catalase activity while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA). Reduction of urine 15-isoprostane F2t in young rats, creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM) in adult and old rats and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in young and adult rats were also observed. Discussion: The findings confirmed that the SWE of both soil and soilless grown ginger possessed antioxidant activities. Soil ginger produced a higher yield of extracts with a more prominent antioxidant activity. The SWE of soil ginger treatment on the different ages of SD rats ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation responses. This could serve as the basis for developing a nutraceutical that can be used as a therapeutic intervention for ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azraul Mumtazah Razak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Asyikin Zakaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Ab Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Haleeda Hakimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazlina Mohd Said
- Centre of Drug and Herbal Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Suzana Makpol,
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15
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Kim TH, Truong VL, Jeong WS. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ligularia fischeri Turcz: A Comparison between Leaf and Root Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3005. [PMID: 36365457 PMCID: PMC9656575 DOI: 10.3390/plants11213005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ligularia fischeri Turcz leaves are widely consumed and have multiple health benefits. We aimed to evaluate the differences in the phytochemical composition and biological properties of the root and leaf extracts from L. fischeri. The root extract exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid levels than the leaf extract. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of various volatiles, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and other non-polar compounds. Moreover, these extracts enhanced cellular antioxidant defense by reducing the level of reactive oxygen species and upregulating the expression of catalase and heme oxygenase-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The root and leaf extracts also exerted anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing nitric oxide production and diminishing the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Overall, these findings suggest that L. fischeri root extract contains diverse bioactive compounds for the development of nutraceuticals or functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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16
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Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Saponins from Hedera helix L. and an In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of the Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101197. [PMID: 36297309 PMCID: PMC9609769 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the best ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of saponins from Hedera helix L. leaves and to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of the extracts richest in saponins. Different parameters, such as extraction time, temperature, ultrasound power, solvent to plant material ratio, and solvent concentration, were investigated. The most efficient extraction conditions were a temperature of 50 °C, an ultrasound amplitude of 40%, an extraction time of 60 min, a plant material to solvent ratio of 1:20 (w:v), and 80% ethanol as solvent. In vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts richest in saponins and their influence on the DNA content of L929 (NCTC) fibroblasts were tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the studied extracts were cytocompatible with L929 fibroblast cell lines at 48 h of treatment. These in vitro cell culture results provide useful information for further applications of Hedera helix extracts in a pharmaceutical field.
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17
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Alexandri M, Kachrimanidou V, Papapostolou H, Papadaki A, Kopsahelis N. Sustainable Food Systems: The Case of Functional Compounds towards the Development of Clean Label Food Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182796. [PMID: 36140924 PMCID: PMC9498094 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of natural components with functional properties in novel food formulations confers one of the main challenges that the modern food industry is called to face. New EU directives and the global turn to circular economy models are also pressing the agro-industrial sector to adopt cradle-to-cradle approaches for their by-products and waste streams. This review aims to present the concept of “sustainable functional compounds”, emphasizing on some main bioactive compounds that could be recovered or biotechnologically produced from renewable resources. Herein, and in view of their efficient and “greener” production and extraction, emerging technologies, together with their possible advantages or drawbacks, are presented and discussed. Μodern examples of novel, clean label food products that are composed of sustainable functional compounds are summarized. Finally, some action plans towards the establishment of sustainable food systems are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandri
- Correspondence: (M.A.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +30-26710-26505 (N.K.)
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18
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Extraction of High-Value Chemicals from Plants for Technical and Medical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810334. [PMID: 36142238 PMCID: PMC9499410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a variety of high-value chemicals (e.g., secondary metabolites) which have a plethora of biological activities, which may be utilised in many facets of industry (e.g., agrisciences, cosmetics, drugs, neutraceuticals, household products, etc.). Exposure to various different environments, as well as their treatment (e.g., exposure to chemicals), can influence the chemical makeup of these plants and, in turn, which chemicals will be prevalent within them. Essential oils (EOs) usually have complex compositions (>300 organic compounds, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins and terpenes) and are obtained from botanically defined plant raw materials by dry/steam distillation or a suitable mechanical process (without heating). In certain cases, an antioxidant may be added to the EO (EOs are produced by more than 17,500 species of plants, but only ca. 250 EOs are commercially available). The interesting bioactivity of the chemicals produced by plants renders them high in value, motivating investment in their production, extraction and analysis. Traditional methods for effectively extracting plant-derived biomolecules include cold pressing and hydro/steam distillation; newer methods include solvent/Soxhlet extractions and sustainable processes that reduce waste, decrease processing times and deliver competitive yields, examples of which include microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (scCO2). Once extracted, analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry may be used to analyse the contents of the high-value extracts within a given feedstock. The bioactive components, which can be used in a variety of formulations and products (e.g., displaying anti-aging, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-depressive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral and anti-stress properties), are biorenewable high-value chemicals.
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19
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Van Volkenburg T, Benzing JS, Craft KL, Ohiri K, Kilhefner A, Irons K, Bradburne C. Microfluidic Chromatography for Enhanced Amino Acid Detection at Ocean Worlds. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:1116-1128. [PMID: 35984944 PMCID: PMC9508454 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the detection of biogenic signatures, such as amino acids, on icy moons and bodies within our solar system has led to the development of compact in situ instruments. Given the expected dilute biosignatures and high salinities of these extreme environments, purification of icy samples before analysis enables increased detection sensitivity. Herein, we outline a novel compact cation exchange method to desalinate proteinogenic amino acids in solution, independent of the type and concentration of salts in the sample. Using a modular microfluidic device, initial experiments explored operational limits of binding capacity with phenylalanine and three model cations, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Phenylalanine recovery (94-17%) with reduced conductivity (30-200 times) was seen at high salt-to-amino-acid ratios between 25:1 and 500:1. Later experiments tested competition between mixtures of 17 amino acids and other chemistries present in a terrestrial ocean sample. Recoveries ranged from 11% to 85% depending on side chain chemistry and cation competition, with concentration shown for select high affinity amino acids. This work outlines a nondestructive amino acid purification device capable of coupling to multiple downstream analytical techniques for improved characterization of icy samples at remote ocean worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathleen L. Craft
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Korine Ohiri
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Kilhefner
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen Irons
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Zhongyi F, Yue Z, Guang Y, Wenwen L, Xiumei Y, Lili J, Sihong W. Chemical constituents from Orostachys cartilaginea Borissova and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Torgbo S, Sukatta U, Kamonpatana P, Sukyai P. Ohmic heating extraction and characterization of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract with enhanced antioxidant and antifungal activity as a bioactive and functional ingredient in white bread preparation. Food Chem 2022; 382:132332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Rampelotto de Azevedo A, Nascimento Dos Santos MS, Perinazzo Draszewski C, de Castilhos F, Rossi Abaide E, Zabot GL, Tres MV. Combined ultrasonic/subcritical water hydrolysis pretreatments for agricultural biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35226584 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2048088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to the intensification of eco-friendly routes as a strategy to access compounds of interest, extraction based on hydrothermal technologies is an efficient method to obtain high yields of compounds present in lignocellulosic materials. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of the combination of ultrasonic pretreatments (energy density, 1.23 × 103-37.6 × 103 J/cm3; reaction time, 15 and 60 min) and subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) (temperature, 220°C; flow rate, 10-30 mL/min; and reaction time, 0.5-15 min) on sugar yield profile from residual biomass of rice, soybean, and pecan. A characterization of the sugars present in the hydrolyzed solutions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a physicochemical evaluation of biomasses by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed. The highest yield reported were 23.8/100 g biomass, 14.4/100 g biomass, and 6.0/100 g biomass for pecan shell, rice shell, and soybean straw, respectively. Cellobiose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose were quantified by the HPLC, as well as inhibitors and organic acids. FT-IR indicated the compositions of the fresh and pretreated samples. Appropriately, the combined application of ultrasonic and SWH methods supported the valorization and optimization of high potential materials generated in agricultural processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rampelotto de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda de Castilhos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ederson Rossi Abaide
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovani Leone Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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23
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Evaluation of the Biological Potential of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell Subcritical Water Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050746. [PMID: 35267379 PMCID: PMC8909621 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection is a need that remains unmet in treating chronic neurodegenerative disorders, despite decades of extensive research. To find new neuroprotective compounds, extracts of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell were obtained through subcritical water extraction applying a four-step temperature gradient. The fractions obtained were screened against brain enzymes involved in neurodegenerative etiology, namely in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, all contributing factors to the progression of neurodegeneration. Results showed no significant enzyme inhibition but strong radical scavenging activities, particularly in the fourth fraction, extracted at the highest temperature (250 °C), highlighting their ability to retard oxidative and nitrosative stresses. At higher temperatures, fractions were composed of phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products, a combination that contributed to their antioxidant activity and, consequently, their neuroprotective properties. All fractions were evaluated for the presence of iodine, 14 organochlorine and 7 organophosphorus pesticides, and pharmaceuticals used in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (14), psychiatric drugs (8), and metabolites (8). The fractions studied did not present any of the screened contaminants, and only fraction 1 of E. bicyclis should be used with caution due to iodine content.
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24
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Sharifi-Rad M, Pohl P, Epifano F, Zengin G, Jaradat N, Messaoudi M. Teucrium polium (L.): Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities at Different Phenological Stages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051561. [PMID: 35268662 PMCID: PMC8911654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the content of phytochemical compounds and in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of Teucrium polium L. aerial parts and root methanolic extracts at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding). The T. polium extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their antioxidant properties were tested with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), ferrous ions (Fe2+), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. Forty-nine compounds were identified with the majority of germacrene D, t-cadinol, β-pinene, carvacrol, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene, and limonene. The results show that the extracts significantly differ between different phenological stages of the plant material used in terms of the phytochemical composition (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total alkaloids, and total saponin contents) and bioactivities (antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory) (p < 0.05). The highest total contents of phenolics (72.4 ± 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight), flavonoids (36.2 ± 3.1 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight), alkaloids (105.7 ± 2.8 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/g dry weight), and saponins (653 ± 6.2 mg escin equivalent (EE)/g dry weight), as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, were measured for the extract of the aerial parts obtained at the flowering stage. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the extracts were varied within 9.4−300 µg/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were varied within 18.75−600 µg/mL. In addition, they were more active on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. The data of this work confirm that the T. polium extracts have significant biological activity and hence can be used in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical applications, and medical research, as well as cosmetic and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (P.P.); Tel.: +98-543-224-0568 (M.S.-R.)
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (P.P.); Tel.: +98-543-224-0568 (M.S.-R.)
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box. 7, Palestine;
| | - Mohammed Messaoudi
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180, Ain Oussera, Djelfa 17200, Algeria;
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, B.P. 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria
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25
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Hu D, Su F, Yang G, Wang J, Zhang Y. Purification, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Novel Polysaccharide Isolated from Orostachys fimbriata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237116. [PMID: 34885697 PMCID: PMC8659062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study elucidated the structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Orostachys fimbriata, which is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. O. fimbriata polysaccharide (OFP) was extracted and subsequently purified by chromatography using a DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-75 column. The molecular weight was determined as 6.2 kDa. HPGPC and monosaccharide composition analysis revealed a homogeneous polysaccharide containing only Glc. Chromatography and spectral analysis showed that the possible chemical structure consisted of →4)-α-Glcp-(1→ and a small quantity of →4,6)-β-Glcp-(1→ in the main chain and →6)-β-Glcp-(1→, α-Glcp-(1→, and β-Glcp-(1→ in the side chain. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that OFP had a multi-branched structure, and the sugar chain molecules of polysaccharide appeared aggregated. OFP was found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells and by decreasing the extent of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Fan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
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Pangestuti R, Haq M, Rahmadi P, Chun BS. Nutritional Value and Biofunctionalities of Two Edible Green Seaweeds ( Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa) from Indonesia by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100578. [PMID: 34677477 PMCID: PMC8537507 DOI: 10.3390/md19100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpa racemosa (sea grapes) and Ulva lactuca (sea lettuces) are edible green seaweeds and good sources of bioactive compounds for future foods, nutraceuticals and cosmeceutical industries. In the present study, we determined nutritional values and investigated the recovery of bioactive compounds from C. racemosa and U. lactuca using hot water extraction (HWE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different extraction temperatures (110 to 230 °C). Besides significantly higher extraction yield, SWE processes also give higher protein, sugar, total phenolic (TPC), saponin (TSC), flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant activities as compared to the conventional HWE process. When SWE process was applied, the highest TPC, TSC and TFC values were obtained from U. lactuca hydrolyzed at reaction temperature 230 °C with the value of 39.82 ± 0.32 GAE mg/g, 13.22 ± 0.33 DE mg/g and 6.5 ± 0.47 QE mg/g, respectively. In addition, it also showed the highest antioxidant activity with values of 5.45 ± 0.11 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) mg/g and 8.03 ± 0.06 trolox equivalents (TE) mg/g for ABTS and total antioxidant, respectively. The highest phenolic acids in U. lactuca were gallic acid and vanillic acid. Cytotoxic assays demonstrated that C. racemosa and U. lactuca hydrolysates obtained by HWE and SWE did not show any toxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells at tested concentrations after 24 h and 48 h of treatment (p < 0.05), suggesting that both hydrolysates were safe and non-toxic for application in foods, cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals products. In addition, the results of this study demonstrated the potential of SWE for the production of high-quality seaweed hydrolysates. Collectively, this study shows the potential of under-exploited tropical green seaweed resources as potential antioxidants in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Pangestuti
- Research & Development Divisions for Marine Bio Industry (BBIL), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), North Lombok 83352, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5830 (B.-S.C.)
| | - Monjurul Haq
- Department of Fisheries & Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
| | - Puji Rahmadi
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 14430, Indonesia;
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5830 (B.-S.C.)
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27
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Ali Redha A, Siddiqui SA, Ibrahim SA. Advanced extraction techniques for
Berberis
species phytochemicals: A review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali Redha
- Chemistry Department School of Science Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Shahida A. Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability Essigberg 3 Straubing 94315 Germany
- DIL e.V.– German Institute of Food Technologies D‐Quakenbrück, Prof.‐von‐Klitzing‐Straße 7 49610 Quakenbrück Germany
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Family and Consumer Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences North Carolina A&T State University 1601 East Market Street Greensboro NC 27411 USA
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Cheng Y, Xue F, Yu S, Du S, Yang Y. Subcritical Water Extraction of Natural Products. Molecules 2021; 26:4004. [PMID: 34209151 PMCID: PMC8271798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcritical water refers to high-temperature and high-pressure water. A unique and useful characteristic of subcritical water is that its polarity can be dramatically decreased with increasing temperature. Therefore, subcritical water can behave similar to methanol or ethanol. This makes subcritical water a green extraction fluid used for a variety of organic species. This review focuses on the subcritical water extraction (SBWE) of natural products. The extracted materials include medicinal and seasoning herbs, vegetables, fruits, food by-products, algae, shrubs, tea leaves, grains, and seeds. A wide range of natural products such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, essential oil, flavonoids, glycosides, lignans, organic acids, polyphenolics, quinones, steroids, and terpenes have been extracted using subcritical water. Various SBWE systems and their advantages and drawbacks have also been discussed in this review. In addition, we have reviewed co-solvents including ethanol, methanol, salts, and ionic liquids used to assist SBWE. Other extraction techniques such as microwave and sonication combined with SBWE are also covered in this review. It is very clear that temperature has the most significant effect on SBWE efficiency, and thus, it can be optimized. The optimal temperature ranges from 130 to 240 °C for extracting the natural products mentioned above. This review can help readers learn more about the SBWE technology, especially for readers with an interest in the field of green extraction of natural products. The major advantage of SBWE of natural products is that water is nontoxic, and therefore, it is more suitable for the extraction of herbs, vegetables, and fruits. Another advantage is that no liquid waste disposal is required after SBWE. Compared with organic solvents, subcritical water not only has advantages in ecology, economy, and safety, but also its density, ion product, and dielectric constant can be adjusted by temperature. These tunable properties allow subcritical water to carry out class selective extractions such as extracting polar compounds at lower temperatures and less polar ingredients at higher temperatures. SBWE can mimic the traditional herbal decoction for preparing herbal medication and with higher extraction efficiency. Since SBWE employs high-temperature and high-pressure, great caution is needed for safe operation. Another challenge for application of SBWE is potential organic degradation under high temperature conditions. We highly recommend conducting analyte stability checks when carrying out SBWE. For analytes with poor SBWE efficiency, a small number of organic modifiers such as ethanol, surfactants, or ionic liquids may be added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.C.); (F.X.); (S.Y.); (S.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Fumin Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.C.); (F.X.); (S.Y.); (S.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.C.); (F.X.); (S.Y.); (S.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shichao Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.C.); (F.X.); (S.Y.); (S.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Former Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Pharmaceutical Capabilities Using Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. Leaf Extract. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041045. [PMID: 33921810 PMCID: PMC8074182 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has been extensively researched as an affordable and eco-friendly method. The current study confirms for the first time the capability of the Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. leaf extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The phytofabricated AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents, and the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties of the phytofabricated AgNPs and the O. persica leaf extract were assessed. The results showed that the produced AgNPs were crystalline in nature and spherical in shape with an average size of 36.5 ± 2.0 nm, and indicated a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at around 420 nm. The zeta potential value of −25.2 mV pointed that the AgNPs were stable. The phytofabricated AgNPs had lower total phenolic and flavonoids contents than those for the O. persica leaf extract. The abovementioned AgNPs showed a higher antioxidant activity as compared with the O. persica leaf extract. They also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. In addition, appropriate antifungal effects with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 18.75, 37.5, and 75 µg mL−1 against Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, respectively, were noted for this new bionanomaterial. Finally, the phytofabricated AgNPs showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in the human red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization test, being higher than that for the O. persica leaf extract. The resulting phytofabricated AgNPs could be used as a promising antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatments of many medical complications.
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Mansinhos I, Gonçalves S, Rodríguez-Solana R, Ordóñez-Díaz JL, Moreno-Rojas JM, Romano A. Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Combination: A Green Strategy to Improve the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:582. [PMID: 33918721 PMCID: PMC8069433 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco, on the antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase (Tyr) inhibitory capacities. Ten different NADES were used in this research and compared with conventional solvents. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 60 min proved to be the best extraction condition, and proline:lactic acid (1:1) and choline chloride:urea (1:2) extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents (56.00 ± 0.77 mgGAE/gdw) and antioxidant activity [64.35 ± 1.74 mgTE/gdw and 72.13 ± 0.97 mgTE/gdw in 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, respectively]. These extracts also exhibited enzymes inhibitory capacity particularly against Tyr and AChE. Even so, organic acid-based NADES showed to be the best extractants producing extracts with considerable ability to inhibit enzymes. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS, being rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B the major compounds. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADES provide an excellent alternative to organic solvents for sustainable and green extraction, and have huge potential for use in industrial applications involving the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mansinhos
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.)
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.)
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Solana
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.)
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food Science and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (J.M.M.-R.)
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (I.M.); (R.R.-S.)
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Hur S, Jang E, Lee JH. Beneficial Actions of Orostachys japonica and Its Compounds against Tumors via MAPK Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020555. [PMID: 33567572 PMCID: PMC7915109 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are one of the most life-threatening diseases, and a variety of cancer treatment options have been continuously introduced in order to overcome cancer and improve conventional therapy. Orostachys japonica (O. japonica), which is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Orostachys of the Crassulaceae family, has been revealed to exhibit pharmacological properties against various tumors in numerous studies. The present review aimed to discuss the biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms of O. japonica and its representative compounds-kaempferol and quercetin-against tumors. O. japonica reportedly has antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antimetastatic activities against various types of malignant tumors through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, a blockade of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGFR2 pathways, and the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, emerging studies have highlighted the antitumor efficacy of kaempferol and quercetin. Interestingly, it was found that alterations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are involved in the pivotal mechanisms of the antitumor effects of O. japonica and its two compounds against cancer cell overgrowth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In summary, O. japonica could be considered a preventive and therapeutic medicinal plant which exhibits antitumor actions by reversing altered patterns of MAPK cascades, and kaempferol and quercetin might be potential components that can contribute to the efficacy and underlying mechanism of O. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hur
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-9118; Fax: +82-2-958-9258
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