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Tao H, Zhu P, Xia W, Chu M, Chen K, Wang Q, Gu Y, Lu X, Bai J, Geng D. The Emerging Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Skeletal Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1784-1812. [PMID: 37815897 PMCID: PMC11272194 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for ensuring healthy mitochondria and normal cellular function. This process is primarily responsible for regulating processes that include mitochondrial OXPHOS, which generates ATP, as well as mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and mitophagy. Bone mesenchymal stem cells express factors that aid in bone formation and vascular growth. Positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow affects the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the metabolic regulation of cells that play fundamental roles in various regions of the bone, as well as interactions within the bone microenvironment, actively participates in regulating bone integrity and aging. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is dependent on the regulation of intracellular organelles, thus understanding the impact of mitochondrial functional changes on overall bone metabolism is crucially important. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to morphological and functional abnormalities in senescent cells, particularly in the context of bone diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal diseases results in abnormal metabolism of bone-associated cells and a secondary dysregulated microenvironment within bone tissue. This imbalance in the oxidative system and immune disruption in the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to bone dysplasia. In this review, we examine the latest developments in mitochondrial respiratory chain regulation and its impacts on maintenance of bone health. Specifically, we explored whether enhancing mitochondrial function can reduce the occurrence of bone cell deterioration and improve bone metabolism. These findings offer prospects for developing bone remodeling biology strategies to treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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Chai S, Yang Y, Wei L, Cao Y, Ma J, Zheng X, Teng J, Qin N. Luteolin rescues postmenopausal osteoporosis elicited by OVX through alleviating osteoblast pyroptosis via activating PI3K-AKT signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155516. [PMID: 38547625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, osteoblast pyroptosis has been proposed as a potential pathogenic mechanism underlying osteoporosis, although this remains to be confirmed. Luteolin (Lut), a flavonoid phytochemical, plays a critical role in the anti-osteoporosis effects of many traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. However, its protective impact on osteoblasts in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has not been elucidated. PURPOSE This research aimed to determine the effect of Lut in ameliorating PMOP by alleviating osteoblast pyroptosis and sustaining osteogenesis. STUDY DESIGN This research was designed to investigate the novel mechanism of Lut in alleviating PMOP both in cell and animal models. METHODS Ovariectomy-induced PMOP models were established in mice with/without daily gavaged of 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight Lut. The impact of Lut on bone microstructure, metabolism and oxidative stress was evaluated with 0.104 mg/kg body weight Estradiol Valerate Tablets daily gavaged as positive control. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking were employed to investigate the mechanisms of Lut in PMOP treatment. Subsequently, the impacts of Lut on the PI3K/AKT axis, oxidative stress, mitochondria, and osteoblast pyroptosis were assessed. In vitro, cultured MC3T3-E1(14) cells were exposed to H2O2 with/without Lut to examine its effects on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, osteogenic differentiation, mitochondrial function, and osteoblast pyroptosis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that 20 mg/kg Lut, similar to the positive control drug, effectively reduced systemic bone loss and oxidative stress, and enhanced bone metabolism induced by ovariectomy. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking indicated that the PI3K/AKT axis was a potential target, with oxidative stress response and nuclear membrane function being key mechanisms. Consequently, the effects of Lut on the PI3K/AKT axis and pyroptosis were investigated. In vivo data revealed that the PI3K/AKT axis was deactivated following ovariectomy, and Lut restored the phosphorylation of key proteins, thereby reactivating the axis. Additionally, Lut alleviated osteoblast pyroptosis and mitochondrial abnormalities induced by ovariectomy. In vitro, Lut intervention mitigated the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT axis and osteogenesis, as well as H2O2-induced pyroptosis. Furthermore, Lut attenuated ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. The effects of Lut, including osteogenesis restoration, anti-pyroptosis, and mitochondrial maintenance, were all reversed with LY294002 (a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor). CONCLUSION In summary, Lut could improve mitochondrial dysfunction, alleviate GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and maintain osteogenesis via activating the PI3K/AKT axis, offering a new therapeutic strategy for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chai
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanbing Yang
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Liwei Wei
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuju Cao
- Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Traumatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Ma
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuxia Zheng
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Junyan Teng
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Na Qin
- Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), 450016, Henan Province, China.
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Semicheva A, Ersoy U, Vasilaki A, Myrtziou I, Kanakis I. Defining the Most Potent Osteoinductive Culture Conditions for MC3T3-E1 Cells Reveals No Implication of Oxidative Stress or Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4180. [PMID: 38673767 PMCID: PMC11050066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line is widely utilised as a reliable in vitro system to assess bone formation. However, the experimental growth conditions for these cells hugely diverge, and, particularly, the osteogenic medium (OSM)'s composition varies in research studies. Therefore, we aimed to define the ideal culture conditions for MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells with regard to their mineralization capacity and explore if oxidative stress or the cellular metabolism processes are implicated. Cells were treated with nine different combinations of long-lasting ascorbate (Asc) and β-glycerophosphate (βGP), and osteogenesis/calcification was evaluated at three different time-points by qPCR, Western blotting, and bone nodule staining. Key molecules of the oxidative and metabolic pathways were also assessed. It was found that sufficient mineral deposition was achieved only in the 150 μg.mL-1/2 mM Asc/βGP combination on day 21 in OSM, and this was supported by Runx2, Alpl, Bglap, and Col1a1 expression level increases. NOX2 and SOD2 as well as PGC1α and Tfam were also monitored as indicators of redox and metabolic processes, respectively, where no differences were observed. Elevation in OCN protein levels and ALP activity showed that mineralisation comes as a result of these differences. This work defines the most appropriate culture conditions for MC3T3-E1 cells and could be used by other research laboratories in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Semicheva
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Ioanna Myrtziou
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
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Liu J, Gao Z, Liu X. Mitochondrial dysfunction and therapeutic perspectives in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1325317. [PMID: 38370357 PMCID: PMC10870151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1325317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in heightened vulnerability to fractures due to increased bone fragility. This condition primarily arises from an imbalance between the processes of bone resorption and formation. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to potentially constitute one of the most crucial mechanisms influencing the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In essence, mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate equilibrium between bone formation and resorption, thereby ensuring optimal skeletal health. Nevertheless, disruption of this delicate balance can arise as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. In dysfunctional mitochondria, the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) becomes uncoupled, resulting in reduced ATP synthesis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reinforcement of mitochondrial dysfunction is further exacerbated by the accumulation of aberrant mitochondria. In this review, we investigated and analyzed the correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction, encompassing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) impairment, mitophagy dysregulation, defects in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, as well as excessive ROS accumulation, with regards to OP (Figure 1). Furthermore, we explore prospective strategies currently available for modulating mitochondria to ameliorate osteoporosis. Undoubtedly, certain therapeutic strategies still require further investigation to ensure their safety and efficacy as clinical treatments. However, from a mitochondrial perspective, the potential for establishing effective and safe therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Gao
- School of Medicine, Ezhou Vocational University, Ezhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Yan G, Li S, Zhang Y, Li G, Wu C. The CREB1 inhibitor 666-15 maintains cartilage homeostasis and mitigates osteoarthritis progression. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:4-18. [PMID: 38163445 PMCID: PMC10758301 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.131.bjr-2023-0016.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims cAMP response element binding protein (CREB1) is involved in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, available findings about the role of CREB1 in OA are inconsistent. 666-15 is a potent and selective CREB1 inhibitor, but its role in OA is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the precise role of CREB1 in OA, and whether 666-15 exerts an anti-OA effect. Methods CREB1 activity and expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) in cells and tissues were measured by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The effect of 666-15 on chondrocyte viability and apoptosis was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, JC-10, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) staining. The effect of 666-15 on the microstructure of subchondral bone, and the synthesis and catabolism of cartilage, in anterior cruciate ligament transection mice were detected by micro-CT, safranin O and fast green (S/F), immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results CREB1 was hyperactive in osteoarthritic articular cartilage, interleukin (IL)-1β-treated cartilage explants, and IL-1β- or carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-treated chondrocytes. 666-15 enhanced cell viability of OA-like chondrocytes and alleviated IL-1β- or CCCP-induced chondrocyte injury through inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of CREB1 by 666-15 suppressed expression of ADAMTS4. Additionally, 666-15 alleviated joint degeneration in an ACLT mouse model. Conclusion Hyperactive CREB1 played a critical role in OA development, and 666-15 exerted anti-IL-1β or anti-CCCP effects in vitro as well as joint-protective effects in vivo. 666-15 may therefore be used as a promising anti-OA drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Animal Laboratory, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhuo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangping Li
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengai Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yılmaz D, Mathavan N, Wehrle E, Kuhn GA, Müller R. Mouse models of accelerated aging in musculoskeletal research for assessing frailty, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis - A review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102118. [PMID: 37935249 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging encompasses the decline in bone and muscle function, leading to conditions such as frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms and developing effective treatments are crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected. In this context, accelerated aging models offer valuable insights into these conditions by displaying the hallmarks of human aging. Herein, this review focuses on relevant mouse models of musculoskeletal aging with particular emphasis on frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Among the discussed models, PolgA mice in particular exhibit hallmarks of musculoskeletal aging, presenting early-onset frailty, as well as reduced bone and muscle mass that closely resemble human musculoskeletal aging. Ultimately, findings from these models hold promise for advancing interventions targeted at age-related musculoskeletal disorders, effectively addressing the challenges posed by musculoskeletal aging and associated conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Yılmaz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hu K, Deya Edelen E, Zhuo W, Khan A, Orbegoso J, Greenfield L, Rahi B, Griffin M, Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ. Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2023; 13:1056. [PMID: 37887382 PMCID: PMC10608812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Deya Edelen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Wenqing Zhuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Aliya Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Josselyne Orbegoso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Lindsey Greenfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Berna Rahi
- Department of Human Sciences, Sam Houston State University College of Health Sciences, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA;
| | - Michael Griffin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Owen J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
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Catheline SE, Kaiser E, Eliseev RA. Mitochondrial Genetics and Function as Determinants of Bone Phenotype and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:540-551. [PMID: 37542684 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published scientific literature regarding the effects of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial genome mutations on bone phenotype and aging. RECENT FINDINGS While aging and sex steroid levels have traditionally been considered the most important risk factors for development of osteoporosis, mitochondrial function and genetics are being increasingly recognized as important determinants of bone health. Recent studies indicate that mitochondrial genome variants found in different human populations determine the risk of complex degenerative diseases. We propose that osteoporosis should be among such diseases. Studies have shown the deleterious effects of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction on bone homeostasis. Mediators of such effects include oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition, and dysregulation of autophagy. Mitochondrial health plays an important role in bone homeostasis and aging, and understanding underlying mechanisms is critical in leveraging this relationship clinically for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Catheline
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Ethan Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA.
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Yoon J, Kaya S, Matsumae G, Dole N, Alliston T. miR181a/b-1 controls osteocyte metabolism and mechanical properties independently of bone morphology. Bone 2023; 175:116836. [PMID: 37414200 PMCID: PMC11156520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone derives its ability to resist fracture from bone mass and quality concurrently; however, many questions about the molecular mechanisms controlling bone quality remain unanswered, limiting the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Despite the increasing evidence on the importance of miR181a/b-1 in bone homeostasis and disease, whether and how osteocyte-intrinsic miR181a/b-1 controls bone quality remains elusive. Osteocyte-intrinsic deletion of miR181a/b-1 in osteocytes in vivo resulted in compromised overall bone mechanical behavior in both sexes, although the parameters affected by miR181a/b-1 varied distinctly based on sex. Furthermore, impaired fracture resistance in both sexes was unexplained by cortical bone morphology, which was altered in female mice and intact in male mice with miR181a/b-1-deficient osteocytes. The role of miR181a/b-1 in the regulation of osteocyte metabolism was apparent in bioenergetic testing of miR181a/b-1-deficient OCY454 osteocyte-like cells and transcriptomic analysis of cortical bone from mice with osteocyte-intrinsic ablation of miR181a/b-1. Altogether, this study demonstrates the control of osteocyte bioenergetics and the sexually dimorphic regulation of cortical bone morphology and mechanical properties by miR181a/b-1, hinting at the role of osteocyte metabolism in the regulation of mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Program, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gen Matsumae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Neha Dole
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Program, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, California, USA.
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Quarato ER, Salama NA, Li AJ, Smith CO, Zhang J, Kawano Y, McArthur M, Liesveld JL, Becker MW, Elliott MR, Eliseev RA, Calvi LM. Efferocytosis by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells disrupts osteoblastic differentiation via mitochondrial remodeling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:428. [PMID: 37452070 PMCID: PMC10349065 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient clearance of dead and dying cells, efferocytosis, is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), this role is primarily fulfilled by professional bone marrow macrophages, but recent work has shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) act as a non-professional phagocyte within the BMME. However, little is known about the mechanism and impact of efferocytosis on MSCs and on their function. To investigate, we performed flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil uptake by ST2 cells, a murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, and in murine primary bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Transcriptional analysis showed that MSCs possess the necessary receptors and internal processing machinery to conduct efferocytosis, with Axl and Tyro3 serving as the main receptors, while MerTK was not expressed. Moreover, the expression of these receptors was modulated by efferocytic behavior, regardless of apoptotic target. MSCs derived from human bone marrow also demonstrated efferocytic behavior, showing that MSC efferocytosis is conserved. In all MSCs, efferocytosis impaired osteoblastic differentiation. Transcriptional analysis and functional assays identified downregulation in MSC mitochondrial function upon efferocytosis. Experimentally, efferocytosis induced mitochondrial fission in MSCs. Pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial fission in MSCs not only decreased efferocytic activity but also rescued osteoblastic differentiation, demonstrating that efferocytosis-mediated mitochondrial remodeling plays a critical role in regulating MSC differentiation. This work describes a novel function of MSCs as non-professional phagocytes within the BMME and demonstrates that efferocytosis by MSCs plays a key role in directing mitochondrial remodeling and MSC differentiation. Efferocytosis by MSCs may therefore be a novel mechanism of dysfunction and senescence. Since our data in human MSCs show that MSC efferocytosis is conserved, the consequences of MSC efferocytosis may impact the behavior of these cells in the human skeleton, including bone marrow remodeling and bone loss in the setting of aging, cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Noah A Salama
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Allison J Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles O Smith
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jane Zhang
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuko Kawano
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew McArthur
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael W Becker
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- University of Virginia, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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11
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Sabini E, Arboit L, Khan MP, Lanzolla G, Schipani E. Oxidative phosphorylation in bone cells. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101688. [PMID: 37275785 PMCID: PMC10238578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of energy metabolism in bone cells is an active field of investigation. Bone cells are metabolically very active and require high levels of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support their function. ATP is generated in the cytosol via glycolysis coupled with lactic acid fermentation and in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is the final convergent metabolic pathway for all oxidative steps of dietary nutrients catabolism. The formation of ATP is driven by an electrochemical gradient that forms across the mitochondrial inner membrane through to the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and requires the presence of oxygen as the final electron acceptor. The current literature supports a model in which glycolysis is the main source of energy in undifferentiated mesenchymal progenitors and terminally differentiated osteoblasts, whereas OXPHOS appears relevant in an intermediate stage of differentiation of those cells. Conversely, osteoclasts progressively increase OXPHOS during differentiation until they become multinucleated and mitochondrial-rich terminal differentiated cells. Despite the abundance of mitochondria, mature osteoclasts are considered ATP-depleted, and the availability of ATP is a critical factor that regulates the low survival capacity of these cells, which rapidly undergo death by apoptosis. In addition to ATP, bioenergetic metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intermediate metabolites that regulate a variety of cellular functions, including epigenetics changes of genomic DNA and histones. This review will briefly discuss the role of OXPHOS and the cross-talks OXPHOS-glycolysis in the differentiation process of bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernestina Schipani
- Corresponding author at: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical School, 310A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Yue M, Liu Y, Zhang P, Li Z, Zhou Y. Integrative Analysis Reveals the Diverse Effects of 3D Stiffness upon Stem Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119311. [PMID: 37298263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of life and native tissue development are dependent on the heterogeneity of pluripotent stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are located in a complicated niche with variable matrix stiffnesses, resulting in divergent stem cell fates. However, how stiffness drives stem cell fate remains unknown. For this study, we performed whole-gene transcriptomics and precise untargeted metabolomics sequencing to elucidate the complex interaction network of stem cell transcriptional and metabolic signals in extracellular matrices (ECMs) with different stiffnesses, and we propose a potential mechanism involved in stem cell fate decision. In a stiff (39~45 kPa) ECM, biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA was up-regulated, and increased osteogenesis was also observed. In a soft (7~10 kPa) ECM, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and deposition of glycosaminoglycans were increased, accompanied by enhanced adipogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. In addition, a panel of genes responding to the stiffness of the ECM were validated in vitro, mapping out the key signaling network that regulates stem cells' fate decisions. This finding of "stiffness-dependent manipulation of stem cell fate" provides a novel molecular biological basis for development of potential therapeutic targets within tissue engineering, from both a cellular metabolic and a biomechanical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxin Yue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Zhang C, Li H, Li J, Hu J, Yang K, Tao L. Oxidative stress: A common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114834. [PMID: 37163779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is becoming a major concern in the field of public health. The process of bone loss is insidious and does not directly induce obvious symptoms. Complications indicate an irreversible decrease in bone mass. The high-risk populations of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal women, elderly men, diabetic patients and obese individuals need regular bone mineral density testing and appropriate preventive treatment. However, the primary changes in these populations are different, increasing the difficulty of effective treatment of osteoporosis. Determining the core pathogenesis of osteoporosis helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of treatment among these populations. Oxidative stress is a common pathological state secondary to estrogen deficiency, aging, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. In this review, we divided oxidative stress into the direct effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity to discuss their roles in the development of osteoporosis. ROS initiated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and suppressed osteogenic marker expression to weaken osteogenesis. MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated the positive effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation. Antioxidant enzymes not only eliminate the negative effects of ROS, but also directly participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. Additionally, we also described the roles of proinflammatory factors and HIF-1α under the pathophysiological changes of inflammation and hypoxia, which provided a supplement of oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis. In conclusion, our review showed that oxidative stress was a common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Targeted oxidative stress treatment would greatly optimize the therapeutic schedule of various osteoporosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajin Hu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China.
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14
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Durán-Sotuela A, Fernandez-Moreno M, Suárez-Ulloa V, Vázquez-García J, Relaño S, Hermida-Gómez T, Balboa-Barreiro V, Lourido-Salas L, Calamia V, Fernandez-Puente P, Ruiz-Romero C, Fernández-Tajes J, Vaamonde-García C, de Andrés MC, Oreiro N, Blanco FJ, Rego-Perez I. A meta-analysis and a functional study support the influence of mtDNA variant m.16519C on the risk of rapid progression of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023:ard-2022-223570. [PMID: 37024296 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic variants associated with the risk of rapid progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to characterise their functional significance using a cellular model of transmitochondrial cybrids. METHODS Three prospective cohorts contributed participants. The osteoarthritis initiative (OAI) included 1095 subjects, the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee included 373 and 326 came from the PROspective Cohort of Osteoarthritis from A Coruña. mtDNA variants were screened in an initial subset of 450 subjects from the OAI by in-depth sequencing of mtDNA. A meta-analysis of the three cohorts was performed. A model of cybrids was constructed to study the functional consequences of harbouring the risk mtDNA variant by assessing: mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial biosynthesis, mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, autophagy and a whole transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS mtDNA variant m.16519C is over-represented in rapid progressors (combined OR 1.546; 95% CI 1.163 to 2.054; p=0.0027). Cybrids with this variant show increased mtDNA copy number and decreased mitochondrial biosynthesis; they produce higher amounts of mitochondrial ROS, are less resistant to oxidative stress, show a lower expression of the mitochondrial fission-related gene fission mitochondrial 1 and an impairment of autophagic flux. In addition, its presence modulates the transcriptome of cybrids, especially in terms of inflammation, where interleukin 6 emerges as one of the most differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the mtDNA variant m.16519C increases the risk of rapid progression of knee OA. Among the most modulated biological processes associated with this variant, inflammation and negative regulation of cellular process stand out. The design of therapies based on the maintenance of mitochondrial function is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Durán-Sotuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernandez-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Victoria Suárez-Ulloa
- Grupo de Avances en Telemedicina e Informática Sanitaria (ATIS), Plataforma de Bioinformática, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jorge Vázquez-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sara Relaño
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Tamara Hermida-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
- Grupo GBTTC-CHUAC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Balboa-Barreiro
- Unidad de apoyo a la investigación, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermería y Cuidados en Salud, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lucia Lourido-Salas
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Puente
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
- Grupo GBTTC-CHUAC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Tajes
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Vaamonde-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - María C de Andrés
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Natividad Oreiro
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
- Grupo GBTTC-CHUAC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rego-Perez
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
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15
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Vasto S, Baldassano D, Sabatino L, Caldarella R, Di Rosa L, Baldassano S. The Role of Consumption of Molybdenum Biofortified Crops in Bone Homeostasis and Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041022. [PMID: 36839380 PMCID: PMC9960304 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease and public health issue in aging populations. Inadequate intake of micronutrients increases the risk of bone loss during an adult's lifespan and therefore of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of consumption of biofortified crops with the micronutrient molybdenum (Mo) on bone remodeling and metabolism in a population of adults and seniors. The trial enrolled 42 senior and 42 adult people randomly divided into three groups that consumed lettuce biofortified with molybdenum (Mo-biofortified group) or without biofortification (control group) or molybdenum in a tablet (Mo-tablet group) for 12 days. We chose an experimental period of 12 days because the bone remodeling marker levels are influenced in the short term. Therefore, a period of 12 days allows us to determine if there are changes in the indicators. Blood samples, obtained at time zero and at the end of the study, were compared within the groups adults and seniors for the markers of bone resorption, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and bone formation osteocalcin, along with the markers of bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, albumin-adjusted calcium, vitamin D, phosphate and potassium. Consumption of a Mo tablet did not affect bone metabolism in the study. Consumption of Mo-biofortified lettuce significantly reduced levels of CTX and PTH and increased vitamin D in adults and seniors while levels of osteocalcin, calcitonin, calcium, potassium and phosphate were not affected. The study opens up new considerations about the role of nutrition and supplementation in the prevention of chronic diseases in middle-aged and older adults. Consumption of Mo-biofortified lettuce positively impacts bone metabolism in middle-aged and older adults through reduced bone resorption and improved bone metabolism while supplementation of Mo tablets did not affect bone remodeling or metabolism. Therefore, Mo-biofortified lettuce may be used as a nutrition intervention to improve bone homeostasis and prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Euro-Mediterranean Institutes of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Baldassano
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “P. Giaccone” University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Rosa
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Li Q, Wang R, Zhang Z, Wang H, Lu X, Zhang J, Kong APS, Tian XY, Chan HF, Chung ACK, Cheng JCY, Jiang Q, Lee WYW. Sirt3 mediates the benefits of exercise on bone in aged mice. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:152-167. [PMID: 36153410 PMCID: PMC9883264 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise in later life is important for bone health and delays the progression of osteoporotic bone loss. Osteocytes are the major bone cells responsible for transforming mechanical stimuli into cellular signals through their highly specialized lacunocanalicular networks (LCN). Osteocyte activity and LCN degenerate with aging, thus might impair the effectiveness of exercise on bone health; however, the underlying mechanism and clinical implications remain elusive. Herein, we showed that deletion of Sirt3 in osteocytes could impair the formation of osteocyte dendritic processes and inhibit bone gain in response to exercise in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that Sirt3 regulates E11/gp38 through the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Additionally, the Sirt3 activator honokiol enhanced the sensitivity of osteocytes to fluid shear stress in vitro, and intraperitoneal injection of honokiol reduced bone loss in aged mice in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, Sirt3 in osteocytes regulates bone mass and mechanical responses through the regulation of E11/gp38. Therefore, targeting Sirt3 could be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent age-related bone loss and augment the benefits of exercise on the senescent skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon-Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arthur Chi-Kong Chung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Chun-Yiu Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Yan C, Shi Y, Yuan L, Lv D, Sun B, Wang J, Liu X, An F. Mitochondrial quality control and its role in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077058. [PMID: 36793284 PMCID: PMC9922754 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide cellular energy and play a vital role in cell differentiation and apoptosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic bone disease mainly caused by an imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Under physiological conditions, mitochondria regulate the balance between osteogenesis and osteoclast activity and maintain bone homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, mitochondrial dysfunction alters this balance; this disruption is important in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Because of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoporosis, mitochondrial function can be targeted therapeutically in osteoporosis-related diseases. This article reviews different aspects of the pathological mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoporosis, including mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, and highlights targeted therapy of mitochondria in osteoporosis (diabetes induced osteoporosis and postmenopausal osteoporosis) to provide novel targets and prevention strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other chronic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yao Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lingqing Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Donghui Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bai Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Xian, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiyan Liu, ; Fangyu An,
| | - Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiyan Liu, ; Fangyu An,
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18
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Xin L, Wen Y, Song J, Chen T, Zhai Q. Bone regeneration strategies based on organelle homeostasis of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1151691. [PMID: 37033227 PMCID: PMC10081449 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1151691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The organelle modulation has emerged as a crucial contributor to the organismal homeostasis. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their putative functions in maintaining the regeneration ability of adult tissues, have been identified as a major driver to underlie skeletal health. Bone is a structural and endocrine organ, in which the organelle regulation on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) function has most been discovered recently. Furthermore, potential treatments to control bone regeneration are developing using organelle-targeted techniques based on manipulating MSCs osteogenesis. In this review, we summarize the most current understanding of organelle regulation on MSCs in bone homeostasis, and to outline mechanistic insights as well as organelle-targeted approaches for accelerated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Xin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Zhai, ; Tao Chen, ; Jinlin Song,
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Zhai, ; Tao Chen, ; Jinlin Song,
| | - Qiming Zhai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Zhai, ; Tao Chen, ; Jinlin Song,
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19
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Boaretti D, Marques FC, Ledoux C, Singh A, Kendall JJ, Wehrle E, Kuhn GA, Bansod YD, Schulte FA, Müller R. Trabecular bone remodeling in the aging mouse: A micro-multiphysics agent-based in silico model using single-cell mechanomics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1091294. [PMID: 36937760 PMCID: PMC10017748 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is regulated by the interaction between different cells and tissues across many spatial and temporal scales. Notably, in silico models are regarded as powerful tools to further understand the signaling pathways that regulate this intricate spatial cellular interplay. To this end, we have established a 3D multiscale micro-multiphysics agent-based (micro-MPA) in silico model of trabecular bone remodeling using longitudinal in vivo data from the sixth caudal vertebra (CV6) of PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice, a mouse model of premature aging. Our in silico model includes a variety of cells as single agents and receptor-ligand kinetics, mechanomics, diffusion and decay of cytokines which regulate the cells' behavior. We highlighted its capabilities by simulating trabecular bone remodeling in the CV6 of five mice over 4 weeks and we evaluated the static and dynamic morphometry of the trabecular bone microarchitecture. Based on the progression of the average trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), we identified a configuration of the model parameters to simulate homeostatic trabecular bone remodeling, here named basal. Crucially, we also produced anabolic, anti-anabolic, catabolic and anti-catabolic responses with an increase or decrease by one standard deviation in the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), and sclerostin (Scl) produced by the osteocytes. Our results showed that changes in the levels of OPG and RANKL were positively and negatively correlated with the BV/TV values after 4 weeks in comparison to basal levels, respectively. Conversely, changes in Scl levels produced small fluctuations in BV/TV in comparison to the basal state. From these results, Scl was deemed to be the main driver of equilibrium while RANKL and OPG were shown to be involved in changes in bone volume fraction with potential relevance for age-related bone features. Ultimately, this micro-MPA model provides valuable insights into how cells respond to their local mechanical environment and can help to identify critical pathways affected by degenerative conditions and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Ledoux
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amit Singh
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A. Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ralph Müller,
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20
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Roessinger O, Hügle T, Walker UA, Geurts J. Polg mtDNA mutator mice reveal limited involvement of vertebral bone loss in premature aging-related thoracolumbar hyperkyphosis. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101618. [PMID: 36120646 PMCID: PMC9479024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related hyperkyphosis is multifactorial and involves alterations of vertebral bone, intervertebral discs (IVD) and paraspinal muscles. The relative contribution of these tissues remains unclear. Here, we compared differences in vertebral bone microarchitecture and IVD thickness between prematurely aging mice with spinal hyperkyphosis and wild type littermates. Methods Thoracolumbar vertebral columns were dissected from homozygous Polg D257A and age-matched wild type littermates. Micro-computed tomography was performed to quantify cortical and trabecular bone parameters at anterior and posterior portions of T8-L4 vertebrae. In addition, vertebral shape, transaxial facet joint orientation and IVD thickness were quantified. Differences in anterior/posterior ratios between genotypes were compared by Student's t-test and association between vertebral bone and IVD parameters was investigated using Pearson correlation analysis. Results Hyperkyphotic homozygous mice displayed generalized osteopenia that was more pronounced at the posterior compared with anterior portion of thoracolumbar vertebrae. An increase in the anterior/posterior ratio of trabecular bone parameters was revealed at the thoracolumbar junction (T13-L1). Polg D257A displayed diffuse loss of cortical bone thickness, yet anterior/posterior ratios were unchanged. Despite generalized and regional bone loss, vertebral shape was unaffected. PolG D257A mice showed a 10-20 % reduction of IVD thickness at both thoracic and lumbar levels, with only minimal histopathological changes. IVD thickness was negatively correlated with anterior/posterior ratios of trabecular bone parameters, as well as with more coronally oriented facet joints, but negatively correlated with the anterior/posterior ratio of cortical bone thickness. Conclusions Aging-induced regional changes of vertebral trabecular and cortical bone did not lead to altered vertebral shape in Polg D257A mice but may indirectly cause hyperkyphosis through reduction of IVD thickness. These findings suggest a limited role for aging-induced bone loss in spinal hyperkyphosis and warrants further research on the involvement of paraspinal muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Roessinger
- Department of Rheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 4, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hügle
- Department of Rheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 4, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich A Walker
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Department of Rheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 4, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Oh KK. Network pharmacology-based analysis of signaling pathways of an anti-osteoporotic triterpenoid from Acyranthes bidentata Blume root. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:312. [PMID: 36276446 PMCID: PMC9537396 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In Korea folk remedies, Acyranthes bidentata Blume is a functional food plant to treat bone diseases; especially, its roots have been used to alleviate osteoporosis (OP), but its key chemical compound(s) and mechanism of action against osteoporosis have not reported yet. This study suggests that Acyranthes bidentata Blume root (ABBR) has promising compound(s) against OP. We utilized network pharmacology to evaluate the therapeutic value. The chemical compounds from Acyranthes bidentata Blume root (ABBR) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS); their physicochemical properties have been evaluated by SwissADME. Next, the target(s) related to a triterpenoid or OP-related targets were investigated by public databases. The signaling pathways from final targets were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by RPackage. Finally, we performed a molecular docking (MD) to explore key target(s) and compound(s) by employing AutoDockVina tools; the residues of amino acids interacted with ligands were identified by LigPlot + v.22. A total of 24 chemicals were accepted by the Lipinski's rules. We found a sole triterpenoid from ABBR via GC-MS, suggesting that might be a potent ligand to alleviate OP. Thereby, the 42 targets were associated with the triterpenoid; the 19 targets among them were connected to OP-targets (1426). The final 19 targets were related directly to 8 signaling pathways on STRING database. On Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and a key signaling pathway (PPAR signaling pathway), four key targets (PPARA, PPARD, FABP3, and FABP4) and a key compound (Methyl 3β-hydroxyolean-18-en-28-oate) were selected via MD. Collectively, the triterpenoid from ABBR might have potent anti-osteoporotic efficacy by activating PPARA, PPARD, FABP3, and FABP4 on PPAR signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03362-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Kwang Oh
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 South Korea
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22
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Garneau AP, Slimani S, Haydock L, Nsimba-Batomene TR, Préfontaine FCM, Lavoie MM, Tremblay LE, Fiola MJ, Mac-Way F, Isenring P. Molecular mechanisms, physiological roles, and therapeutic implications of ion fluxes in bone cells: Emphasis on the cation-Cl - cotransporters. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4356-4368. [PMID: 36125923 PMCID: PMC10087713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone turnover diseases are exceptionally prevalent in human and come with a high burden on physical health. While these diseases are associated with a variety of risk factors and causes, they are all characterized by common denominators, that is, abnormalities in the function or number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and/or osteocytes. As such, much effort has been deployed in the recent years to understand the signaling mechanisms of bone cell proliferation and differentiation with the objectives of exploiting the intermediates involved as therapeutic preys. Ion transport systems at the external and in the intracellular membranes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts also play an important role in bone turnover by coordinating the movement of Ca2+ , PO4 2- , and H+ ions in and out of the osseous matrix. Even if they sustain the terminal steps of osteoformation and osteoresorption, they have been the object of very little attention in the last several years. Members of the cation-Cl- cotransporter (CCC) family are among the systems at work as they are expressed in bone cells, are known to affect the activity of Ca2+ -, PO4 2- -, and H+ -dependent transport systems and have been linked to bone mass density variation in human. In this review, the roles played by the CCCs in bone remodeling will be discussed in light of recent developments and their potential relevance in the treatment of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Garneau
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation Rénale Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Inserm U1151, Université Paris Cité, rue de Sèvres, Paris, France
| | - Samira Slimani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ludwig Haydock
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mathilde M Lavoie
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence E Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Fiola
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research Group, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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23
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Yoshioka H, Komura S, Kuramitsu N, Goto A, Hasegawa T, Amizuka N, Ishimoto T, Ozasa R, Nakano T, Imai Y, Akiyama H. Deletion of Tfam in Prx1-Cre expressing limb mesenchyme results in spontaneous bone fractures. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:839-852. [PMID: 35947192 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoblasts require substantial amounts of energy to synthesize the bone matrix and coordinate skeleton mineralization. This study analyzed the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on bone formation, nano-organization of collagen and apatite, and the resultant mechanical function in mouse limbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Limb mesenchyme-specific Tfam knockout (Tfamf/f;Prx1-Cre: Tfam-cKO) mice were analyzed morphologically and histologically, and gene expressions in the limb bones were assessed by in situ hybridization, qPCR, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Moreover, we analyzed the mitochondrial function of osteoblasts in Tfam-cKO mice using mitochondrial membrane potential assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We investigated the pathogenesis of spontaneous bone fractures using immunohistochemical analysis, TEM, birefringence analyzer, microbeam X-ray diffractometer and nanoindentation. RESULTS Forelimbs in Tfam-cKO mice were significantly shortened from birth, and spontaneous fractures occurred after birth, resulting in severe limb deformities. Histological and RNA-seq analyses showed that bone hypoplasia with a decrease in matrix mineralization was apparent, and the expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin was decreased in osteoblasts of Tfam-cKO mice, although Runx2 expression was unchanged. Decreased type I collagen deposition and mineralization in the matrix of limb bones in Tfam-cKO mice were associated with marked mitochondrial dysfunction. Tfam-cKO mice bone showed a significantly lower Young's modulus and hardness due to poor apatite orientation which is resulted from decreased osteocalcin expression. CONCLUSION Mice with limb mesenchyme-specific Tfam deletions exhibited spontaneous limb bone fractures, resulting in severe limb deformities. Bone fragility was caused by poor apatite orientation owing to impaired osteoblast differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Norishige Kuramitsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ozasa
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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24
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Hypoxia mimetics restore bone biomineralisation in hyperglycaemic environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13944. [PMID: 35977987 PMCID: PMC9385857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have an increased risk of fracture and an increased occurrence of impaired fracture healing. Diabetic and hyperglycaemic conditions have been shown to impair the cellular response to hypoxia, via an inhibited hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway. We investigated, using an in vitro hyperglycaemia bone tissue engineering model (and a multidisciplinary bone characterisation approach), the differing effects of glucose levels, hypoxia and chemicals known to stabilise HIF-1α (CoCl2 and DMOG) on bone formation. Hypoxia (1% O2) inhibited bone nodule formation and resulted in discrete biomineralisation as opposed to the mineralised extracellular collagen fibres found in normoxia (20% O2). Unlike hypoxia, the use of hypoxia mimetics did not prevent nodule formation in normal glucose level. Hyperglycaemic conditions (25 mM and 50 mM glucose) inhibited biomineralisation. Interestingly, both hypoxia mimetics (CoCl2 and DMOG) partly restored hyperglycaemia inhibited bone nodule formation. These results highlight the difference in osteoblast responses between hypoxia mimetics and actual hypoxia and suggests a role of HIF-1α stabilisation in bone biomineralisation that extends that of promoting neovascularisation, or other system effects associated with hypoxia and bone regeneration in vivo. This study demonstrates that targeting the HIF pathway may represent a promising strategy for bone regeneration in diabetic patients.
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25
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Zhao Y, Shao G, Liu X, Li Z. Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin for the Treatment of Osteoporosis Through a Narrative Review of Its Signaling and Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866625. [PMID: 35645810 PMCID: PMC9130700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a bioamine produced primarily in the pineal gland, although peripheral sites, including the gut, may also be its minor source. Melatonin regulates various functions, including circadian rhythm, reproduction, temperature regulation, immune system, cardiovascular system, energy metabolism, and bone metabolism. Studies on cultured bone cells, preclinical disease models of bone loss, and clinical trials suggest favorable modulation of bone metabolism by melatonin. This narrative review gives a comprehensive account of the current understanding of melatonin at the cell/molecular to the systems levels. Melatonin predominantly acts through its cognate receptors, of which melatonin receptor 2 (MT2R) is expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts (bone-forming), and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing). Melatonin favors the osteoblastic fate of MSCs, stimulates osteoblast survival and differentiation, and inhibits osteoclastogenic differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Produced from osteoblastic cells, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) critically regulate osteoclastogenesis and melatonin by suppressing the osteoclastogenic RANKL, and upregulating the anti-osteoclastogenic OPG exerts a strong anti-resorptive effect. Although the anti-inflammatory role of melatonin favors osteogenic function and antagonizes the osteoclastogenic function with the participation of SIRT signaling, various miRNAs also mediate the effects of the hormone on bone cells. In rodent models of osteoporosis, melatonin has been unequivocally shown to have an anti-osteoporotic effect. Several clinical trials indicate the bone mass conserving effect of melatonin in aging/postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review aims to determine the possibility of melatonin as a novel class of anti-osteoporosis therapy through the critical assessment of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoxi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Abstract
In the course of its short history, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has made a long journey from obscurity to the forefront of research on major biological processes. mtDNA alterations have been found in all major disease groups, and their significance remains the subject of intense research. Despite remarkable progress, our understanding of the major aspects of mtDNA biology, such as its replication, damage, repair, transcription, maintenance, etc., is frustratingly limited. The path to better understanding mtDNA and its role in cells, however, remains torturous and not without errors, which sometimes leave a long trail of controversy behind them. This review aims to provide a brief summary of our current knowledge of mtDNA and highlight some of the controversies that require attention from the mitochondrial research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Shokolenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pat Capps Covey College of Allied Health Professions, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Hipps D, Dobson PF, Warren C, McDonald D, Fuller A, Filby A, Bulmer D, Laude A, Russell O, Deehan DJ, Turnbull DM, Lawless C. Detecting respiratory chain defects in osteoblasts from osteoarthritic patients using imaging mass cytometry. Bone 2022; 158:116371. [PMID: 35192969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease which is characterised by reduced bone mass and microarchitecture, with a subsequent loss of strength that predisposes to fragility and risk of fractures. The pathogenesis of falling bone mineral density, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of osteoporosis is incompletely understood but the disease is currently thought to be multifactorial. Humans are known to accumulate mitochondrial mutations and respiratory chain deficiency with age and mounting evidence suggests that this may indeed be the overarching cause intrinsic to the changing phenotype in advancing age and age-related disease. Mitochondrial mutations are detectable from the age of about 30 years onwards. Mitochondria contain their own genome which encodes 13 essential mitochondrial proteins and accumulates somatic variants at up to 10 times the rate of the nuclear genome. Once the concentration of any pathogenic mitochondrial genome variant exceeds a threshold, respiratory chain deficiency and cellular dysfunction occur. The PolgD257A/D257A mouse model is a knock-in mutant that expresses a proof-reading-deficient version of PolgA, a nuclear encoded subunit of mtDNA polymerase. These mice are a useful model of age-related accumulation of mtDNA mutations in humans since their defective proof-reading mechanism leads to a mitochondrial DNA mutation rate 3-5 times higher than in wild-type mice. These mice showed enhanced levels of age-related osteoporosis along with respiratory chain deficiency in osteoblasts. To explore whether respiratory chain deficiency is also seen in human osteoblasts, we developed a protocol and analysis framework for imaging mass cytometry in bone tissue sections to analyse osteoblasts in situ. By comparing bone tissue sampled at one timepoint from femoral neck of 10 older healthy volunteers aged 40-85 with samples from young patients aged 1-19, we have identified complex I defect in osteoblasts from 6 out of 10 older volunteers, complex II defect in 2 out of 10 older volunteers, complex IV defect in 1 out of 10 older volunteers and complex V defect in 4 out of 10 older volunteers. These observations are consistent with findings from the PolgD257A/D257A mouse model and suggest that respiratory chain deficiency, as a consequence of the accumulation of age-related pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of human age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hipps
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - Philip F Dobson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - Charlotte Warren
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - David McDonald
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Andrew Fuller
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Andrew Filby
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - David Bulmer
- Bioimaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Alex Laude
- Bioimaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Oliver Russell
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - David J Deehan
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Conor Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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28
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Gao X, Yu X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Sun Y, Sun H, Zhang H, Shi Y, He X. Telomeres and Mitochondrial Metabolism: Implications for Cellular Senescence and Age-related Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2315-2327. [PMID: 35460064 PMCID: PMC9033418 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell arrest process, which is determined by a variety of complicated mechanisms, including telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic disorders, loss of protein homeostasis, epigenetic changes, etc. Cellular senescence is causally related to the occurrence and development of age-related disease. The elderly is liable to suffer from disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, it is increasingly imperative to explore specific countermeasures for the treatment of age-related diseases. Numerous studies on humans and mice emphasize the significance of metabolic imbalance caused by short telomeres and mitochondrial damages in the onset of age-related diseases. Although the experimental data are relatively independent, more and more evidences have shown that there is mutual crosstalk between telomeres and mitochondrial metabolism in the process of cellular senescence. This review systematically discusses the relationship between telomere length, mitochondrial metabolic disorder, as well as their underlying mechanisms for cellular senescence and age-related diseases. Future studies on telomere and mitochondrial metabolism may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases. Graphical Abstract The characteristics of cellular senescence mainly include mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition. Mitochondrial dysfunction will cause mitochondrial metabolic disorders, including decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, as well as enhanced cellular apoptosis. While oxidative stress reaction to produce ROS, leads to DNA damage, and eventually influences telomere length. Under the stimulation of oxidative stress, telomerase catalytic subunit TERT mainly plays an inhibitory role on oxidative stress, reduces the production of ROS and protects telomere function. Concurrently, mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition eventually induce a range of age-related diseases, such as T2DM, osteoporosis, AD, etc. :increase; :reduce;⟝:inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Dunn J, Tamaroff J, DeDio A, Nguyen S, Wade K, Cilenti N, Weber DR, Lynch DR, McCormack SE. Bone Mineral Density and Current Bone Health Screening Practices in Friedreich's Ataxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:818750. [PMID: 35368287 PMCID: PMC8964400 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.818750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by mutations in both alleles of the frataxin (FXN) gene. Impaired bone health is a complication of other disorders affecting mobility, but there is little information regarding bone health in FRDA. Methods Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan-based assessments of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in individuals with FRDA were abstracted from four studies at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Disease outcomes, including the modified FRDA Rating Scale (mFARS), were abstracted from the FRDA Clinical Outcomes Measures Study (FACOMS), a longitudinal natural history study. A survey regarding bone health and fractures was sent to individuals in FACOMS-CHOP. Results Adults with FRDA (n = 24) have lower mean whole body (WB) (-0.45 vs. 0.33, p = 0.008) and femoral neck (FN) (-0.71 vs. 0.004, p = 0.02) aBMD Z-scores than healthy controls (n = 24). Children with FRDA (n = 10) have a lower WB-less-head (-2.2 vs. 0.19, p < 0.0001) and FN (-1.1 vs. 0.04, p = 0.01) aBMD than a reference population (n = 30). In adults, lower FN aBMD correlated with functional disease severity, as reflected by mFARS (R = -0.56, p = 0.04). Of 137 survey respondents (median age 27 y, 50% female), 70 (51%) reported using wheelchairs as their primary ambulatory device: of these, 20 (29%) reported a history of potentially pathologic fracture and 11 (16%) had undergone DXA scans. Conclusions Low aBMD is prevalent in FRDA, but few of even the highest risk individuals are undergoing screening. Our findings highlight potential missed opportunities for the screening and treatment of low aBMD in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dunn
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jaclyn Tamaroff
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna DeDio
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sara Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristin Wade
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolette Cilenti
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David R Weber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David R Lynch
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-Modified Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) Incorporated with Iron Oxide (IO) Nanoparticles Promotes Early Osteogenesis, Reduces Inflammation and Inhibits Osteoclast Activity. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062095. [PMID: 35329547 PMCID: PMC8953252 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to its increased prevalence, osteoporosis (OP) represents a great challenge to health care systems and brings an economic burden. To overcome these issues, treatment plans that suit the need of patients should be developed. One of the approaches focuses on the fabrication of personalized biomaterials, which can restore the balance and homeostasis of disease-affected bone. In the presented study, we fabricated nanometer crystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles stabilized with APTES and investigated whether they can modulate bone cell metabolism and be useful in the fabrication of personalized materials for OP patients. Using a wide range of molecular techniques, we have shown that obtained nHAp@APTES promotes viability and RUNX-2 expression in osteoblasts, as well as reducing activity of critical proinflammatory cytokines while inhibiting osteoclast activity. Materials with APTES modified with nHAp incorporated with IO nanoparticles can be applied to support the healing of osteoporotic bone fractures as they enhance metabolic activity of osteoblasts and diminish osteoclasts’ metabolism and inflammation.
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Little-Letsinger SE, Rubin J, Diekman B, Rubin CT, McGrath C, Pagnotti GM, Klett EL, Styner M. Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:22-35. [PMID: 34489173 PMCID: PMC8840966 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging- related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are central pathways and recognized as associated and potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone, cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of bone-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - B Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Joint Departments of Biomedical Engineering NC State & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - CT Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - GM Pagnotti
- Dept of Endocrine, Neoplasia, and Hormonal Disorders, University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - EL Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoblasts are responsible for bone matrix production during bone development and homeostasis. Much is known about the transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways governing osteoblast differentiation. However, less is known about how osteoblasts obtain or utilize nutrients to fulfill the energetic demands associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. The goal of this review is to highlight and discuss what is known about the role and regulation of bioenergetic metabolism in osteoblasts with a focus on more recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Bioenergetic metabolism has emerged as an important regulatory node in osteoblasts. Recent studies have begun to identify the major nutrients and bioenergetic pathways favored by osteoblasts as well as their regulation during differentiation. Here, we highlight how osteoblasts obtain and metabolize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to provide energy and other metabolic intermediates. In addition, we highlight the signals that regulate nutrient uptake and metabolism and focus on how energetic metabolism promotes osteoblast differentiation. Bioenergetic metabolism provides energy and other metabolites that are critical for osteoblast differentiation and activity. This knowledge contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of osteoblast biology and may inform novel strategies to modulate osteoblast differentiation and bone anabolism in patients with bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GHS, Neginskaya M, Son GY, Mitaishvili E, Giacomello M, Pavlov E, Lacruz RS. Mitochondria modulate ameloblast Ca 2+ signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22169. [PMID: 35084775 PMCID: PMC8852362 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in enamel, the most mineralized tissue in the body, is poorly defined. Enamel is formed by ameloblast cells in two main sequential stages known as secretory and maturation. Defining the physiological features of each stage is essential to understand mineralization. Here, we analyzed functional features of mitochondria in rat primary secretory and maturation-stage ameloblasts focusing on their role in Ca2+ signaling. Quantification of the Ca2+ stored in the mitochondria by trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone stimulation was comparable in both stages. The release of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pools by adenosine triphosphate in rhod2AM-loaded cells showed similar mitochondrial Ca2+ (m Ca2+ ) uptake. However, m Ca2+ extrusion via Na+ -Li+ -Ca2+ exchanger was more prominent in maturation. To address if m Ca2+ uptake via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) played a role in cytosolic Ca2+ (c Ca2+ ) buffering, we stimulated Ca2+ influx via the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and blocked MCU with the inhibitor Ru265. This inhibitor was first tested using the enamel cell line LS8 cells. Ru265 prevented c Ca2+ clearance in permeabilized LS8 cells like ruthenium red, and it did not affect ΔΨm in intact cells. In primary ameloblasts, SOCE stimulation elicited a significantly higher m Ca2+ uptake in maturation ameloblasts. The uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondria was dramatically decreased in the presence of Ru265. Combined, these results suggest an increased mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in maturation but only upon stimulation of Ca2+ influx via SOCE. These functional studies provide insights not only on the role of mitochondria in ameloblast Ca2+ physiology, but also advance the concept that SOCE and m Ca2+ uptake are complementary processes in biological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Guilherme H. S. Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
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Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Zhuravlev AD, Orekhov NA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Role of the mtDNA Mutations and Mitophagy in Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031323. [PMID: 35163247 PMCID: PMC8836173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an unavoidable multi-factorial process, characterised by a gradual decrease in physiological functionality and increasing vulnerability of the organism to environmental factors and pathogens, ending, eventually, in death. One of the most elaborated ageing theories implies a direct connection between ROS-mediated mtDNA damage and mutations. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial metabolism, mitochondria generated ROS, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal ageing and pathological conditions, such as inflammation. Also, a chronic form of inflammation, which could change the long-term status of the immune system in an age-dependent way, is discussed. Finally, the role of inflammaging in the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.D.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Zhuravlev
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Nikolay A. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
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Yang L, Hou A, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang S, Dong J, Zhang S, Jiang H, Kuang H. TMT‐based proteomics analysis to screen potential biomarkers of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix for osteoporosis in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5339. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
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Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Short Mitochondrial-produced Peptides for Anabolic Osteogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Phimphilai M, Pothacharoen P, Chattipakorn N, Kongtawelert P. Receptors of Advanced Glycation End Product (RAGE) Suppression Associated With a Preserved Osteogenic Differentiation in Patients With Prediabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:799872. [PMID: 35237235 PMCID: PMC8882829 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.799872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is widely documented for osteogenic differentiation defect and impaired bone quality, which is related to the skeletal accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Prediabetes is a condition in which hyperglycemia is lower than the threshold for the diagnosis of diabetes. Prediabetic animal models consistently demonstrate impaired osteogenic differentiation and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. However, no evidence shows defects in osteoblast development and skeletal effects of AGEs in prediabetic individuals. Therefore, it remains to be elucidated whether impaired osteogenic differentiation ability and altered cellular response to AGEs occur in patients with prediabetes. This cross-sectional study included 28 patients with prediabetes as defined by impaired fasting glucose criteria, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 100-125 mg/dl and 17 age-matched normoglycemic controls to elucidate osteogenic differentiation and AGER expression in the PBMC derived from those individuals. The PBMC-isolated from both groups showed similar rates of expression of osteoblast-specific genes, namely, ALPL, BGLAP, COL1A1, and RUNX2/PPAR (89.3% and 88.2%, p = 1.000), and showed comparable levels of expression of those genes. By using age- and pentosidine-matched normoglycemic individuals as references, the PBMC-isolated from prediabetic patients demonstrated lower expression of both AGER and BAX/BCL2. The expression of AGER and BAX/BCL2 significantly correlated to each other (r = 0.986, p <0.0001). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum pentosidine is an independent risk factor for AGER expression. With logistic regression analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for serum pentosidine at the cut-off level of 2.1 ng/ml and FPG at 100 mg/dl, which is a cut-off point for prediabetes, was significantly higher for predicting AGER expression than that of serum pentosidine alone (0.803 vs 0.688, p = 0.048), indicating that serum pentosidine was a good predictor of AGER expression in prediabetic individuals. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a preserved osteogenic differentiation in the PBMC derived from prediabetic individuals. In addition, those PBMC with preserved osteogenic differentiation potential showed the suppression of both cellular RAGE and apoptotic-related signals. Serum pentosidine was an independent risk factor for cellular RAGE expression and is conceivably a good predictor for AGER suppression in prediabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattabhorn Phimphilai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Mattabhorn Phimphilai,
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Schilling K, Brown E, Zhang X. NAD(P)H autofluorescence lifetime imaging enables single cell analyses of cellular metabolism of osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo via two-photon microscopy. Bone 2022; 154:116257. [PMID: 34781049 PMCID: PMC8671374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy (2P-FLIM) is a non-invasive optical technique that can obtain cellular metabolism information based on the intrinsic autofluorescence lifetimes of free and enzyme-bound NAD(P)H, which reflect the metabolic state of single cells within the native microenvironment of the living tissue. NAD(P)H 2P-FLIM was initially performed in bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) cultures established from Col (I) 2.3GFP or OSX-mCherry mouse models, in which osteoblastic lineage cells were labelled with green or red fluorescence protein, respectively. Measurement of the mean NAD(P)H lifetime, τM, demonstrated that osteoblasts in osteogenic media had a progressively increased τM compared to cells in regular media, suggesting that osteoblasts undergoing mineralization had higher NAD+/NAD(P)H ratio and may utilize more oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). In vivo NAD(P)H 2P-FLIM was conducted in conjunction with two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2P-PLIM) to evaluate cellular metabolism of GFP+ osteoblasts as well as bone tissue oxygen at different locations of the native cranial bone in Col (I) 2.3GFP mice. Our data showed that osteocytes dwelling within lacunae had higher τM than osteoblasts at the bone edge of suture and marrow space. Measurement of pO2 showed poor correlation of pO2 and τM in native bone. However, when NAD(P)H 2P-FLIM was used to examine osteoblast cellular metabolism at the leading edge of the cranial defects during repair in Col (I) 2.3GFP mouse model, a significantly lower τM was recorded, which was associated with lower pO2 at an early stage of healing, indicating an impact of hypoxia on energy metabolism during bone tissue repair. Taken together, our current study demonstrates the feasibility of using non-invasive optical NAD(P)H 2P-FLIM technique to examine cellular energy metabolism at single cell resolution in living animals. Our data further support that both glycolysis and OxPhos are being used in the osteoblasts, with more mature osteoblasts exhibiting higher ratio of NAD+/NAD(P)H, indicating a potential change of energy mode during differentiation. Further experiments utilizing animals with genetic modification of cellular metabolism could enhance our understanding of energy metabolism in various cell types in living bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schilling
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edward Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Metabolic and Transcriptional Changes across Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120208. [PMID: 34940360 PMCID: PMC8698318 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent post-natal stem cells with applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes, with functional differences in cells during osteogenesis accompanied by metabolic changes. The temporal dynamics of these metabolic shifts have not yet been fully characterized and are suspected to be important for therapeutic applications such as osteogenesis optimization. Here, our goal was to characterize the metabolic shifts that occur during osteogenesis. We profiled five key extracellular metabolites longitudinally (glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, and ammonia) from MSCs from four donors to classify osteogenic differentiation into three metabolic stages, defined by changes in the uptake and secretion rates of the metabolites in cell culture media. We used a combination of untargeted metabolomic analysis, targeted analysis of 13C-glucose labelled intracellular data, and RNA-sequencing data to reconstruct a gene regulatory network and further characterize cellular metabolism. The metabolic stages identified in this proof-of-concept study provide a framework for more detailed investigations aimed at identifying biomarkers of osteogenic differentiation and small molecule interventions to optimize MSC differentiation for clinical applications.
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Choi W, Baik KY, Jeong S, Park S, Kim JE, Kim HB, Chung JH. Photobiomodulation as an antioxidant substitute in post-thawing trauma of human stem cells from the apical papilla. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17329. [PMID: 34462607 PMCID: PMC8405638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation, the most common method of preserving stem cells, requires post-processing because it produces trauma to the cells. Post-thawing trauma typically induces cell death, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and lowers mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Although this trauma has been solved using antioxidants, we attempted to use photobiomodulation (PBM) instead of chemical treatment. We used a 950-nm near-infrared LED to create a PBM device and chose a pulsed-wave mode of 30 Hz and a 30% duty cycle. Near-infrared radiation (NIR) at 950 nm was effective in reducing cell death caused by hydrogen peroxide induced-oxidative stress. Cryodamage also leads to apoptosis of cells, which can be avoided by irradiation at 950 nm NIR. Irradiation as post-processing for cryopreservation had an antioxidant effect that reduced both cellular and mitochondrial ROS. It also increased mitochondrial mass and activated mitochondrial activity, resulting in increased MMP, ATP generation, and increased cytochrome c oxidase activity. In addition, NIR increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a biomarker of differentiation. As a result, we identified that 950 nm NIR PBM solves cryodamage in human stem cells from the apical papilla, indicating its potential as an alternative to antioxidants for treatment of post-thawing trauma, and further estimated its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woori Choi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ku Youn Baik
- Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jeong
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Dobrowolski SF, Tourkova IL, Sudano CR, Larrouture QC, Blair HC. A New View of Bone Loss in Phenylketonuria. Organogenesis 2021; 17:50-55. [PMID: 34432558 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2021.1949865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopenia is common in phenylalanine hydroxylase deficient phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is managed by limiting dietary phenylalanine. Osteopenia in PKU might reflect a therapeutic diet, with reduced bone forming materials. However, osteopenia occurs in patients who never received dietary therapy or following short-term therapy. Humans and animal studies find no correlation between bone loss, plasma hyperphenylalaninemia, bone formation, and resorption markers. Work in the Pahenu2 mouse recently showed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) developmental defect in the osteoblast pathway. Specifically, Pahenu2 MSCs are affected by energy dysregulation and oxidative stress. In PKU, MSCs oximetry and respirometry show mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1 deficit and over-representation of superoxide, producing reactive oxygen species affecting mitochondrial function. Similar mechanisms are involved in aging bone and other rare defects including alkaptonuria and homocysteinemia. Novel interventions to support energy and reduce oxidative stress may restore bone formation PKU patients, and in metabolic diseases with related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Dobrowolski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cayla R Sudano
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quitterie C Larrouture
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kwan KKL, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, improves mitochrondial bioenergetics in osteoblast. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153605. [PMID: 34107409 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the process of bone loss, particular after menopause, when the production of estrogen in women is decreaing. Bioenergetic function is one of the critical roles in bone remodeling. Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is an herbal mixture containing Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), and which is consumed for "Qi-invigorating", i.e., stimulating energy metabolism, as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the role of DBT in metabolism of osteoblast has not been examined. Here, we employed a metabolic flux to examine the mitochondrial functions of cultured osteoblast in the presence of herbal extracts, including DBT, ASR, AR, AR + ASR (single mixing of two herbal extracts), as well as DBT∆cal (a DBT extract depeleting calycosin), to examine their roles in osteoblastic metabolism, e.g. glycolysis and energy kinetics. By revealing the rates of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification of mitochrondia, the DBT-treated osteoblasts were markedly strengthened with increases of maximal respiration, spare capacity, glycolysis capacity and glycolysis reserve, in comparing to other herbal extracts. In addition, the bioenergetic metabolism was modulated by DBT via the signaling of cellular Ca2+ and reactive oxgen species (ROS). Furthermore, DBT affected the morphology of mitochondria, as well as mitochondrial dynamic. Here, we propose that DBT can be regarded as benefit herbal extract in improving osteoblastic metabolism for bone disorders via central energy metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kin Leung Kwan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Agas D, Hanna R, Benedicenti S, De Angelis N, Sabbieti MG, Amaroli A. Photobiomodulation by Near-Infrared 980-nm Wavelengths Regulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Viability through the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147586. [PMID: 34299204 PMCID: PMC8304212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND bone tissue regeneration remains a current challenge. A growing body of evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction impairs osteogenesis and that this organelle may be the target for new therapeutic options. Current literature illustrates that red and near-infrared light can affect the key cellular pathways of all life forms through interactions with photoacceptors within the cells' mitochondria. The current study aims to provide an understanding of the mechanisms by which photobiomodulation (PBM) by 900-nm wavelengths can induce in vitro molecular changes in pre-osteoblasts. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were used. The manuscripts included in the narrative review were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The new experimental set-up was based on irradiation with a 980-nm laser and a hand-piece with a standard Gaussian and flat-top beam profile. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were irradiated at 0.75, 0.45, and 0.20 W in continuous-wave emission mode for 60 s (spot-size 1 cm2) and allowed to generate a power density of 0.75, 0.45, and 0.20 W/cm2 and a fluence of 45, 27, and 12 J/cm2, respectively. The frequency of irradiation was once, three times (alternate days), or five times (every day) per week for two consecutive weeks. Differentiation, proliferation, and cell viability and their markers were investigated by immunoblotting, immunolabelling, fluorescein-FragELTM-DNA, Hoechst staining, and metabolic activity assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The 980-nm wavelength can photobiomodulate the pre-osteoblasts, regulating their metabolic schedule. The cellular signal activated by 45 J/cm2, 0.75 W and 0.75 W/cm2 consist of the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway; differentiation markers were not affected, nor do other parameters seem to stimulate the cells. Our previous and present data consistently support the window effect of 980 nm, which has also been described in extracted mitochondria, through activation of signalling PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 and cyclin family, while the Wnt and Smads 2/3-β-catenin pathway was induced by 55 J/cm2, 0.9 W and 0.9 W/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (D.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nicola De Angelis
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (D.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (N.D.A.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Chandra A, Rajawat J. Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073553. [PMID: 33805567 PMCID: PMC8037620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ maintained by tightly regulated mechanisms. With old age, bone homeostasis, which is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption, undergoes deregulation. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and cellular senescence are all responsible for this tissue dysfunction and the imbalance in the bone homeostasis. These cellular mechanisms have become a target for therapeutics to treat age-related osteoporosis. Genetic mouse models have shown the importance of senescent cell clearance in alleviating age-related osteoporosis. Furthermore, we and others have shown that targeting cellular senescence pharmacologically was an effective tool to alleviate age- and radiation-induced osteoporosis. Senescent cells also have an altered secretome known as the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may have autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine function. The current review discusses the current and potential pathways which lead to a senescence profile in an aged skeleton and how bone homeostasis is affected during age-related osteoporosis. The review has also discussed existing therapeutics for the treatment of osteoporosis and rationalizes for novel therapeutic options based on cellular senescence and the SASP as an underlying pathogenesis of an aging bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Aging Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-266-1847
| | - Jyotika Rajawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, University Rd, Babuganj, Hasanganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India;
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Behera J, Ison J, Rai H, Tyagi N. Allyl sulfide promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone density via reducing mitochondrial DNA release mediated Kdm6b/H3K27me3 epigenetic mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 543:87-94. [PMID: 33556823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated bone loss or osteoporosis is a common clinical manifestation during aging (AG). The mechanism underlying age-associated osteoblast dysfunction induced by oxidative damage in the mitochondria and loss of bone density remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated the effect of allyl sulfide (AS), a natural organosulfur compound, on mitochondrial (mt) function in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and bone density in AG mice. The data demonstrate that AS treatment in AG mice promotes BMMSCs differentiation and mineralization via inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative damage. The data also indicate that AG related mito-damage was associated with reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, and release of a greater concentration of mtDNA. Furthermore, the data showed that mtDNA caused histone H3K27 demethylase inhibition, KDM6B, and subsequent inflammation by unbalancing mitochondrial redox homeostasis. KDM6B overexpression in AG BMMSCs or AS administration in AG mice restores osteogenesis and bone density in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AS or the mitochondrial-specific antioxidant Mito-TEMPO increased KDM6B expression and upregulated the expression of Runx2 in BMMSCs, probably via epigenetic inhibition of H3K27me3 methylation at the promoter. These data uncover the previously undefined role of AS mediated prevention of mtDNA release, promoting osteogenesis and bone density via an epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, AS could be a potential drug target for the treatment of aging-associated osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jessica Ison
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Hitesh Rai
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Hensley AP, McAlinden A. The role of microRNAs in bone development. Bone 2021; 143:115760. [PMID: 33220505 PMCID: PMC8019264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is critical for proper bone development. Evidence from a large body of published literature informs us that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic factors that control many aspects of bone development, homeostasis, and repair processes. These small non-coding RNAs function at the post-transcriptional level to suppress expression of specific target genes. Many target genes may be affected by one miRNA resulting in alteration in cellular pathways and networks. Therefore, changes in levels or activity of a specific miRNA (e.g. via genetic mutations, disease scenarios, or by over-expression or inhibition strategies in vitro or in vivo) can lead to substantial changes in cell processes including proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and differentiation. In this review, Section 1 briefly covers general background information on processes that control bone development as well as the biogenesis and function of miRNAs. In Section 2, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in skeletal development based on findings from in vivo mouse models and human clinical reports. Section 3 focuses on describing more recent data from the last three years related to miRNA regulation of osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Some of these studies also involve utilization of an in vivo rodent model to study the effects of miRNA modulation in scenarios of osteoporosis, bone repair or ectopic bone formation. In Section 4, we provide some recent information from studies analyzing the potential of miRNA-mediated crosstalk in bone and how exosomes containing miRNAs from one bone cell may affect the differentiation or function of another bone cell type. We then conclude by summarizing where the field currently stands with respect to miRNA-mediated regulation of osteogenesis and how information gained from developmental processes can be instructive in identifying potential therapeutic miRNA targets for the treatment of certain bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Shriners Hospital for Children - St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States of America.
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Skeletal Phenotypes Due to Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Protein Homeostasis and Import. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218327. [PMID: 33171986 PMCID: PMC7664180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease represents a collection of rare genetic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. These disorders can be quite complex and heterogeneous, and it is recognized that mitochondrial disease can affect any tissue at any age. The reasons for this variability are not well understood. In this review, we develop and expand a subset of mitochondrial diseases including predominantly skeletal phenotypes. Understanding how impairment ofdiverse mitochondrial functions leads to a skeletal phenotype will help diagnose and treat patients with mitochondrial disease and provide additional insight into the growing list of human pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The underlying disease genes encode factors involved in various aspects of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, including proteases and chaperones, mitochondrial protein import machinery, mediators of inner mitochondrial membrane lipid homeostasis, and aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAs required for translation. We further discuss a complex of frequently associated phenotypes (short stature, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy) potentially explained by alterations to steroidogenesis, a process regulated by mitochondria. Together, these observations provide novel insight into the consequences of impaired mitochondrial protein homeostasis.
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