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Reguilón MD, Manzanedo C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Stress inoculation during adolescence attenuates social stress-induced increase in ethanol intake in adult male mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109838. [PMID: 38199295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Social stress exposure heightens the risk of substance abuse disorder development, especially when endured during adolescence, influencing long-term mental health. This study investigates early-life stress's potential to confer resilience against later-life stressors. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the impact of a single social defeat (SD) incident during adolescent mice's lives on subsequent voluntary ethanol consumption following repeated adult social stress exposure. Half of the adolescent mice experienced SD at postnatal day 28. Three weeks later (postnatal day 49), defeated groups encountered four confrontations with aggressive residents every 72 h, while control groups were exposed to non-resident exploration. A day after the last SD, defeated mice were classified as resilient or susceptible based on their response to a social interaction test (SIT), a model for depressive behavior. To assess ethanol consumption during young adulthood, researchers used the 'drinking in the dark' and oral ethanol self-administration paradigms. Stress inoculation (IS) slightly increased resilient animals in the SIT. In mice without IS exposure during adolescence, susceptible defeated mice displayed higher ethanol consumption and motivation than control and resilient mice. IS in adolescence effectively counteracted this effect, as IS-SD groups, whether resilient or susceptible, showed no increase in ethanol intake. These groups also exhibited similar motivation to control, measured by the progressive ratio. Notably, elevated IL-6 levels seen in SD-S mice were absent in IS-exposed mice. Additionally, IS-exposed groups had lower prefrontal cortex IL-6 and CX3CL1 levels. These findings support the hypothesis that IS, induced by moderate-intensity stress during adolescence, can enhance resilience to more severe stressors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Čechová B, Mihalčíková L, Vaculin Š, Šandera Š, Šlamberová R. Levels of BDNF and NGF in adolescent rat hippocampus neonatally exposed to methamphetamine along with environmental alterations. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S559-S571. [PMID: 38165760 PMCID: PMC10861250 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are proteins included in development and functioning of various processed in mammalian organisms. They are important in early development but as well as during adulthood. Brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have been previously linked with many psychiatric disorders such as depression and addiction. Since during postnatal development, brain undergoes various functional and anatomical changes, we included preweaning environment enrichment (EE), since enrichment has been linked with improved function and development of the several brain structure such as hippocampus (HP), in which we monitored these changes. On the other hand, social isolation has been linked with depression and anxiety-like behavior, therefore postweaning social isolation has been added to this model as well and animal were exposed to this condition till adolescence. We examined if all these three factors had impact on BDNF and NGF levels during three phases of adolescence - postnatal days (PDs) 28, 35 and 45. Our results show that EE did not increase BDNF levels neither in control or MA exposed animals and these results are similar for both direct and indirect exposure. On the other side, social separation after weaning did reduce BDNF levels in comparison to standard housing animals but this effect was reversed by direct MA exposure. In terms of NGF, EE environment increased its levels only in indirectly exposed controls and MA animals during late adolescence. On the other hand, social separation increased NGF levels in majority of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Čechová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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3
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Mavrenkova PV, Khlebnikova NN, Alchinova IB, Demorzhi MS, Shoibonov BB, Karganov MY. Effects of Maternal Separation and Subsequent Stress on Behaviors and Brain Monoamines in Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:956. [PMID: 37371434 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity can induce maladaptive behaviors and increase risk for affective disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, and vulnerability to stress in adulthood. Deprivation of maternal care interrupts brain development through the disturbance of various neurotransmitters, however, the details remain unclear. The features of the symptoms of disorders are largely determined by early stress protocol, genetic characteristics (line), and the sex of the animals. The purpose of current study was (1) to assess behavioral changes in adult Wistar rats of both sexes after early life stress; (2) to determine the levels of monoamines in brain structures involved in the motor, emotional, and social reactions in rats aged 1 and 2 months; and (3) to determine the level of monoamines after physical or emotional stress in adult rats. The rat pups were separated from their dams and isolated from siblings in tight boxes at a temperature of 22-23 °C for 6 h during postnatal days 2-18. The data were processed predominantly using two-way analysis of variance and the Newman-Keys test as the post hoc analysis. The adult rats demonstrated an increase in motor activity and aggressiveness and a decrease in levels of anxiety and sociability. Behavioral disturbances were accompanied by region-, sex-, and age-dependent changes in the levels of monoamines and their metabolites. The dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems were found to be sensitive to psycho-emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina V Mavrenkova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Khlebnikova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B Alchinova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Demorzhi
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Batozhab B Shoibonov
- P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Karganov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Winter JJ, Rodríguez-Acevedo KL, Dittrich M, Heller EA. Early life adversity: Epigenetic regulation underlying drug addiction susceptibility. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103825. [PMID: 36842544 PMCID: PMC10247461 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with more than 70,000 Americans dying from drug overdose in 2019 alone. While only a small percentage of chronic drug users escalate to drug addiction, little is understood on the precise mechanisms of this susceptibility. Early life adversity is causally relevant to adult psychiatric disease and may contribute to the risk of addiction. Here we review recent pre-clinical evidence showing that early life exposure to stress and/or drugs regulates changes in behavior, gene expression, and the epigenome that persist into adulthood. We summarize the major findings and gaps in the preclinical literature, highlighting studies that demonstrate the often profound differences between female and male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mia Dittrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
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5
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Serra V, Aroni S, Bortolato M, Frau R, Melis M. Endocannabinoid-dependent decrease of GABAergic transmission on dopaminergic neurons is associated with susceptibility to cocaine stimulant effects in pre-adolescent male MAOA hypomorphic mice exposed to early life stress. Neuropharmacology 2023; 233:109548. [PMID: 37080337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability to cocaine use disorder depends upon a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. While early life adversity is a critical environmental vulnerability factor for drug misuse, allelic variants of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene have been shown to moderate its influence on the risk of drug-related problems. However, data on the interactions between MAOA variants and early life stress (ES) with respect to predisposition to cocaine abuse are limited. Here, we show that a mouse model capturing the interaction of genetic (low-activity alleles of the Maoa gene; MAOANeo) and environmental (i.e., ES) vulnerability factors displays an increased sensitivity to repeated in vivo cocaine psychomotor stimulant actions associated with a reduction of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG)-dependent form of short-term plasticity, also becomes readily expressed by dopamine neurons from male MAOANeo ES mice repeatedly treated with cocaine. The activation of either dopamine D2 or CB1 receptors contributes to cocaine-induced DSI expression, decreased GABA synaptic efficacy, and hyperlocomotion. Next, in vivo pharmacological enhancement of 2AG signaling during repeated cocaine exposure occludes its actions both in vivo and ex vivo. This data extends our knowledge of the multifaceted sequelae imposed by this gene-environment interaction in VTA dopamine neurons of male pre-adolescent mice and contributes to our understanding of neural mechanisms of vulnerability for early onset cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sonia Aroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
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6
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Elsukary AE, Helaly AMNZ, El Bakary AA, Moustafa ME, El-Kattan MA. Comparative Study of the Neurotoxic Effects of Pregabalin Versus Tramadol in Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1427-1439. [PMID: 35976555 PMCID: PMC9515019 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Egypt, both pregabalin and tramadol misuse increased in the last decade. Although many studies have confirmed the neurotoxic effects of tramadol, those of pregabalin are understudied. The aim of the study is to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of pregabalin compared with tramadol. Thirty male albino rats were included in this experimental study, and they were randomly allocated into three equal groups: group I (normal saline), group II (tramadol misuse), and group III (pregabalin misuse). All rats received the commenced drugs for 1 month. Open field tests were performed on the day of scarification, and after that, cortical samples were taken for immunohistochemical analysis and quantification of dopamine receptors' gene expression. The drug misuse groups showed a significant decrease in weight gain at the end of the study. Open field testing showed the upper hand of controls regarding all of the tested parameters. Tramadol has a more negative impact on the locomotor parameters compared with pregabalin. Both drugs induced relatively low dopamine-1 receptor (D1Rs) expression to dopamine-2 receptors (D2Rs), mimicking the schizophrenia model. Both tramadol and pregabalin were associated with neurotoxic effects in male albino rats. These effects were less noticed with pregabalin. It is suggested that long-term abuse may end in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Elsukary
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M N Z Helaly
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.,Clinical Science Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amal A El Bakary
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha E Moustafa
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A El-Kattan
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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7
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Calpe-López C, Martínez-Caballero MA, García-Pardo MP, Aguilar MA. Brief Maternal Separation Inoculates Against the Effects of Social Stress on Depression-Like Behavior and Cocaine Reward in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825522. [PMID: 35359840 PMCID: PMC8961977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the vulnerability of mice to the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. According to the "inoculation of stress" hypothesis, a brief period of maternal separation (MS) can provide protection against the negative effects of IRSD. The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a brief episode of MS prevents the subsequent short-term effects of IRSD on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and to explore its long-term effects on cocaine CPP in mice. Four groups of male C57BL/6 mice were employed; two groups were separated from their mother [6 h on postnatal day (PND) 9], while the other two groups were not (controls). On PND 47, 50, 53 and 56, mice that had experienced MS were exposed to social defeat in the cage of an aggressive resident mouse (MS + IRSD group) or were allowed to explore an empty cage (MS + EXPL group). The same procedure was performed with control mice that had not experienced MS (CONTROL + IRSD and CONTROL + EXPL groups). On PND57-58, all the mice performed the elevated plus maze and the hole-board, social interaction and splash tests. Three weeks after the last episode of defeat, all the mice underwent the CPP procedure with cocaine (1 mg/kg). Irrespective of whether or not MS had taken place, a reduction in open arms measures, dips, and social interaction was observed in mice that experienced IRSD. A higher latency of grooming and acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP were observed only in mice exposed to IRSD alone (CONTROL + IRSD). These results suggest that exposure to a brief episode of stress early in life increases the subsequent resilience of animals to the effects of social stress on vulnerability to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - M A Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Arenas MC, Castro-Zavala A, Martín-Sánchez A, Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Valverde O, Manzanedo C. Prepulse inhibition can predict the motivational effects of cocaine in female mice exposed to maternal separation. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113545. [PMID: 34437938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response can identify the rodents that are more sensitive to the effects of cocaine. Mice with a lower PPI presented a higher vulnerability to the effects of cocaine and a higher susceptibility to developing a substance use disorder (SUD). Maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) is a relevant animal model to induce motivational alterations throughout life. Nevertheless, only a few studies on females exist, even though they are more vulnerable to stress- and cocaine-related problems. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of PPI to identify females with a greater vulnerability to the long-term consequences of early stress on the motivational effects of cocaine. Female mice underwent MSEW and were classified according to their high or low PPI. They were then assessed in the cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization test, the conditioned place preference paradigm or the operant self-administration paradigm. Additionally, they were also evaluated in the passive avoidance task, the tail-suspension and the splash tests. The results revealed that the females with lower PPI presented higher consequences of MSEW on the effects of cocaine and showed an increase in anhedonia-like behaviours. Our findings support that a PPI deficit could represent a biomarker of vulnerability to the effects of cocaine induced by MSEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Arenas
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Unidad de investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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9
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DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene predicts substance use in adolescence: longitudinal data from over 1000 young individuals. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:477. [PMID: 34526487 PMCID: PMC8443651 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress has been linked to increased methylation of the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1 (NR3C1) gene, which codes for the glucocorticoid receptor. Moreover, early life stress has been associated with substance use initiation at a younger age, a risk factor for developing substance use disorders. However, no studies to date have investigated whether NR3C1 methylation can predict substance use in young individuals. This study included adolescents 13-14 years of age that reported no history of substance use at baseline, (N = 1041; males = 46%). Participants contributed saliva DNA samples and were followed in middle adolescence as part of KUPOL, a prospective cohort study of 7th-grade students in Sweden. Outcome variables were self-reports of (i) recent use, (ii) lifetime use, and (iii) use duration of (a) alcohol, (b) tobacco products, (c) cannabis, or (d) any substance. Outcomes were measured annually for three consecutive years. The predictor variable was DNA methylation at the exon 1 F locus of NR3C1. Risk and rate ratios were calculated as measures of association, with or without adjustment for internalizing symptoms and parental psychiatric disorders. For a subset of individuals (N = 320), there were also morning and afternoon salivary cortisol measurements available that were analyzed in relation to NR3C1 methylation levels. Baseline NR3C1 hypermethylation associated with future self-reports of recent use and use duration of any substance, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. The overall estimates were attenuated when considering lifetime use. Sex-stratified analyses revealed the strongest association for cigarette use in males. Cortisol analyses revealed associations between NR3C1 methylation and morning cortisol levels. Findings from this study suggest that saliva NR3C1 hypermethylation can predict substance use in middle adolescence. Additional longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Zita G, Gawliński D, Gawlińska K, Wydra K, Przegaliński E, Fumagalli F. The effects of cocaine exposure in adolescence: Behavioural effects and neuroplastic mechanisms in experimental models. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4233-4253. [PMID: 33963539 PMCID: PMC9545182 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a devastating disorder with a huge economic and social burden for modern society. Although an individual may slip into drug abuse throughout his/her life, adolescents are at higher risk, but, so far, only a few studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular bases of such vulnerability. Indeed, preclinical evidence indicates that psychostimulants and adolescence interact and contribute to promoting a dysfunctional brain. In this review, we have focused our attention primarily on changes in neuroplasticity brought about by cocaine, taking into account that there is much less evidence from exposure to cocaine in adolescence, compared with that from adults. This review clearly shows that exposure to cocaine during adolescence, acute or chronic, as well as contingent or non‐contingent, confers a vulnerable endophenotype, primarily, by causing changes in neuroplasticity. Given the close relationship between drug abuse and psychiatric disorders, we also discuss the translational implications providing an interpretative framework for clinical studies involving addictive as well as affective or psychotic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Zita
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Dawid Gawliński
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Gawlińska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edmund Przegaliński
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Pirri F, Akbarabadi A, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Nouri Zadeh-Tehrani S, Mahboubi S, Karimi Goudarzi A, Zarrindast MR. Comparison and interaction of morphine and CB1 agonist conditioned place preference in the rat model of early life stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:238-248. [PMID: 33534920 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) disrupts brain development and subsequently affects physical and psychological health. ELS has been associated with an increased risk of relapse and inadequate treatment response in addicted patients. The current study was designed to find the effect of ELS on the rewarding effect of morphine and cannabinoid and their interaction. Pregnant female Wistar rats were used in this study. On postnatal day 2 (PND2), pups were separated from their mothers for 3 hr daily. This procedure was repeated every day at the same time until PND 14. The control group was kept in the standard nesting way with their mothers. The adult male offspring of maternal separated (MS) and standard nested (SN) rats were used. Using conditioned place preference task (CPP), the rewarding effect of morphine (0.75, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) was evaluated in both MS and SN groups. Besides, the rewarding effect of cannabinoids was investigated using the administration of CB1 receptor agonist (ACPA, 0.25, 0.5, 1 µg/rat) and inverse agonist (AM-251, 30, 60, and 90 ng/rat) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). To evaluate the interaction between NAc cannabinoidergic system and morphine, the noneffective dose of ACPA and AM-251 were administered with a noneffective dose of morphine (0.75 mg/kg) on both MS and SN animals. Obtained results indicated that MS groups had a leftward shift in the rewarding effect of morphine and conditioned with low doses of morphine. However, they had a rightward shift in the rewarding effect of cannabinoids. In addition, coadministration of noneffective doses of morphine and ACPA potentiate conditioning in both MS and SN groups. Previous evidence shows that ELS induced changes in the brain, especially in the reward circuits. Here, we demonstrated that MS animals are more sensitive to the rewarding effect of morphine compared with SN animals. In addition, ELS disrupts the cannabinoid system and affect the rewarding effect of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardad Pirri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Akbarabadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sarah Mahboubi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi Goudarzi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Masrouri H, Azadi M, Semnanian S, Azizi H. Early life maternal deprivation attenuates morphine induced inhibition in lateral paragigantocellularis neurons in adult rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:128-135. [PMID: 33482287 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress can serve as one of the principle sources leading to individual differences in confronting challenges throughout the lifetime. Maternal deprivation (MD), a model of early life stress, can cause persistent alterations in brain function, and it may constitute a risk factor for later incidence of drug addiction. It is becoming more apparent that early life MD predisposes opiate abuse in adulthood. Although several behavioral and molecular studies have addressed this issue, changes in electrophysiological features of the neurons are yet to be understood. The lateral paragigantocellularis (LPGi) nucleus, which participates in the mediation of opiate dependence and withdrawal, may be susceptible to modifications following MD. This study sought to find whether early life MD can alter the discharge activity of LPGi neurons and their response to acute morphine administration in adult rats. Male Wistar rats experienced MD on postnatal days (PNDs) 1-14 for three h per day. Afterward, they were left undisturbed until PND 70, during which the extracellular activities of LPGi neurons were recorded in anesthetized animals at baseline and in response to acute morphine. In both MD and control groups, acute morphine administration induced heterogeneous (excitatory, inhibitory, and no effect) responses in LPGi neurons. At baseline recording, the interspike interval variability of the LPGi neurons was attenuated in both inhibitory and excitatory responses in animals with the history of MD. The extent of morphine-induced discharge inhibition was also lower in deprived animals compared to the control group. These findings suggest that early life MD induces long-term alterations in LPGi neuronal activity in response to acute administration of morphine. Therefore, the MD may alter the vulnerability to develop opiate abuse in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Masrouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Bis-Humbert C, García-Fuster MJ. Adolescent cocaine induced persistent negative affect in female rats exposed to early-life stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3399-3410. [PMID: 34430991 PMCID: PMC8629899 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The combination of several risk factors (sex, a prior underlying psychiatric condition, or early drug initiation) could induce the emergence of negative affect during cocaine abstinence and increase the risk of developing addiction. However, most prior preclinical studies have been centered in male rodents, traditionally excluding females from these analyses. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of adolescent cocaine exposure when the combination of several risk factors is present (female, early-life stress). METHODS Whole litters of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to maternal deprivation for 24 h on postnatal day (PND) 9. Cocaine was administered in adolescence (15 mg/kg/day, i.p., PND 33-39). Negative affect was assessed by several behavioral tests (forced swim, open field, novelty-suppressed feeding, sucrose preference). Hippocampal cell fate markers were evaluated by western blot (FADD, Bax, cytochrome c) or immunohistochemistry (Ki-67; cell proliferation). RESULTS Maternal deprivation is a suitable model of psychiatric vulnerability in which to study the impact of adolescent cocaine in female rats. While adolescent cocaine did not alter affective-like behavior during adolescence, a pro-depressive-like state emerged during adulthood, exclusively in rats re-exposed to cocaine during abstinence. FADD regulation by cocaine in early-life stressed female rats might contribute to certain hippocampal neuroadaptations with some significance to the observed induced negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent cocaine induced persistent negative affect in female rats exposed to early-life stress, highlighting the risk of early drug initiation during adolescence for the emergence of negative reinforcement during abstinence likely driving cocaine addiction vulnerability, also in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bis-Humbert
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain ,grid.507085.fHealth Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - M. Julia García-Fuster
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain ,grid.507085.fHealth Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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