1
|
Amato B, Novellino E, Morlando D, Vanoli C, Vanoli E, Ferrara F, Difruscolo R, Goffredo VM, Compagna R, Tenore GC, Stornaiuolo M, Fordellone M, Caradonna E. Benefits of Taurisolo in Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:174. [PMID: 38921674 PMCID: PMC11203668 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Trimethyl-N-oxide (TMAO) has been linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD). TaurisoloⓇ is a natural, balanced phytocomplex containing resveratrol, quercetin, catechins, procianidins, gallic acid, and caffeic acid. Numerous studies have shown that TaurisoloⓇ reduces the damage of TMAO and exerts a protective effect on endothelial cells (ECs). The aim of this randomized, double-blind, single-center study was to evaluate the effects of TaurisoloⓇ on claudication in patients with PAD (Rutheford grade I, category II, Fontaine Classification: Stage IIA, American Medical Association Whole Person Impairment Classification: Class 0-WPI 0%) in two parallel groups of 31 patients. The primary outcomes were an increase in the pain-free walking distance and the ankle/brachial pressure index at the beginning and at the end of the treatment with Taurisolo. The secondary endpoint was the serum TMAO changes. The claudication distance improved by 14.1% in the Taurisolo group and by 2.0% in the placebo group, while the maximal distance increased by 15.8% and 0.6% only, respectively (both p < 0.05). The TMAO plasma levels decreased from 3.97 ± 2.13 micromole/L to 0.87 ± 0.48 (p < 0.0001) in the treated group. All these changes were highly significant both in univariate mixed models as well as in the adjusted model. Ultimately, TaurisoloⓇ might be an effective intervention to ameliorate intermittent claudication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Morlando
- Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Camilla Vanoli
- Clinical Psychology, Antioch University Los Angeles, Culver City, CA 90230, USA
| | - Emilio Vanoli
- School of Nursing, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Ferrara
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Rossana Difruscolo
- Biotecnologie Mediche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Maria Goffredo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rita Compagna
- Vascular Surgery Unit AORN Ospedale dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.C.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mario Fordellone
- Unità di Statistica Medica, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81020 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Caradonna
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maksymiuk KM, Szudzik M, Samborowska E, Chabowski D, Konop M, Ufnal M. Mice, rats, and guinea pigs differ in FMOs expression and tissue concentration of TMAO, a gut bacteria-derived biomarker of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297474. [PMID: 38266015 PMCID: PMC10807837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased plasma trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is observed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, originating from the gut microbiota product, trimethylamine (TMA), via flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs)-dependent oxidation. Numerous studies have investigated the association between plasma TMAO and various pathologies, yet limited knowledge exists regarding tissue concentrations of TMAO, TMAO precursors, and interspecies variability. METHODS Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate tissue concentrations of TMAO and its precursors in adult male mice, rats, and guinea pigs. FMO mRNA and protein levels were assessed through PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Plasma TMAO levels were similar among the studied species. However, significant differences in tissue concentrations of TMAO were observed between mice, rats, and guinea pigs. The rat renal medulla exhibited the highest TMAO concentration, while the lowest was found in the mouse liver. Mice demonstrated significantly higher plasma TMA concentrations compared to rats and guinea pigs, with the highest TMA concentration found in the mouse renal medulla and the lowest in the rat lungs. FMO5 exhibited the highest expression in mouse liver, while FMO3 was highly expressed in rats. Guinea pigs displayed low expression of FMOs in this tissue. CONCLUSION Despite similar plasma TMAO levels, mice, rats, and guinea pigs exhibited significant differences in tissue concentrations of TMA, TMAO, and FMO expression. These interspecies variations should be considered in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. Furthermore, these findings may suggest a diverse importance of the TMAO pathway in the physiology of the evaluated species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia M. Maksymiuk
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamjane N, Mechita MB, Nourouti NG, Barakat A. Gut microbiota dysbiosis -associated obesity and its involvement in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104601. [PMID: 37690507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease caused by various factors. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and its complications has attracted increasing interest. PURPOSE This article focuses on the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis induces insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases linked to obesity, highlighting the mechanisms explaining the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-associated inflammation in the onset of these pathologies. METHODS A systematic study was carried out to understand and summarize the published results on this topic. More than 150 articles were included in this search, including different types of studies, consulted by an online search in English using various electronic search databases and predefined keywords related to the objectives of our study. RESULTS We have summarized the data from the articles consulted in this search, and we have found a major gut microbiota alteration in obesity, characterized by a specific decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria and the production of metabolites and components that lead to metabolic impairments and affect the progression of various diseases associated with obesity through distinct signaling pathways, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We have also focused on the major role of inflammation as a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic complications by explaining the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of various obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, among them type 2 diabetes and CVD, and represents a major challenge for chronic disease prevention and health. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota appears to be a promising target for the nutritional or therapeutic management of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco.
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Xie Q, Xiao P. Association of the polymorphisms of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1260679. [PMID: 38146445 PMCID: PMC10749314 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1260679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of the polymorphisms of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) rs708272 (G>A), rs5882 (G>A), rs1800775 (C>A), rs4783961 (G>A), rs247616 (C>T), rs5883 (C>T), rs1800776 (C>A), and rs1532624 (C>A) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the related underlying mechanisms. Methods A comprehensive search was performed using five databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus to obtain the appropriate articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using STATA 17.0 software. The association between CETP gene polymorphisms and risk of CAD was estimated using the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The association of CETP gene polymorphisms with lipids and with CETP levels was assessed using the pooled standardized mean difference and corresponding 95% CI. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 70 case-control studies with 30,619 cases and 31,836 controls from 46 articles were included. The results showed the CETP rs708272 polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CAD under the allele model (OR = 0.846, P < 0.001), the dominant model (OR = 0.838, P < 0.001) and the recessive model (OR = 0.758, P < 0.001). AA genotype and GA genotype corresponded to higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in the blood compared with GG genotype across the studied groups (all P < 0.05). The CETP rs5882 and rs1800775 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with CAD under the allele model (P = 0.802, P = 0.392), the dominant model (P = 0.556, P = 0.183) and the recessive model (P = 0.429, P = 0.551). Similarly, the other mentioned gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with CAD under the three genetic models. Conclusions The CETP rs708272 polymorphism shows a significant association with CAD, and the carriers of the allele A are associated with a lower risk of CAD and higher HDL-C concentrations in the blood compared to the non-carriers. The CETP rs5882, rs1800775, rs4783961, rs247616, rs5883, rs1800776, and rs1532624 are not significantly associated with CAD. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023432865, identifier: CRD42023432865.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run, Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingya Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dean YE, Rouzan SS, Loayza Pintado JJ, Talat NE, Mohamed ARH, Verma S, Anwar Kamdi Z, Gir D, Helmy A, Helmy Z, Afzal A, Mady T, Hazimeh Y, Aiash H. Serum trimethylamine N-oxide levels among coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:6123-6133. [PMID: 38098555 PMCID: PMC10718322 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Recent studies have linked trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to cardiovascular diseases; our study aimed to analyze the association between coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and TMAO. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using terms such as 'CAD' and 'TMAO'. Only observational controlled studies were included. RevMan software version 5.4 was used for the analysis. Results A significant association was found between the CAD group and increased serum TMAO levels compared with the control group (MD=1.16, 95% CI=0.54-1.78, P=0.0003). This association remained significant among acute coronary syndrome patients (MD=0.98, 95% CI=0.73-1.23, P<0.00001) and was also detected among young and old CAD patients (MD=0.35, 95% CI=0.06-0.64, P=0.02 and MD=1.36, 95% CI=0.71-2.01, P<0.0001, respectively). On further analysis of intestinal metabolites, the authors detected an insignificant association between choline, betaine, carnitine, and CAD. According to our sensitivity analysis, TMAO is an acceptable diagnostic marker for CAD (0.721, SE was 0.0816, 95% CI: 0.561-0.881). Conclusion TMAO is an acceptable diagnostic marker for CAD, with significantly higher levels among these patients regardless of their age. Other metabolites did not show such an association. The role of serum level TMAO in the early diagnosis of CAD should be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomna E. Dean
- Alexandria University, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria
- Alexandria Medical Center (AMC)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suman Verma
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, India
| | | | - Deepak Gir
- St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed Helmy
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Zakaria Helmy
- 6th October University, Faculty of Medicine, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahson Afzal
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tamer Mady
- International American University, College of Medicine, Saint Lucia, Caribbean
| | - Yusef Hazimeh
- Lebanese University
- Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Aiash
- 6th October University, Faculty of Medicine, Giza, Egypt
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gong H, Zhong H, Xu HM, Liu XC, Li LP, Zhang DK. Insight into increased risk of portal vein thrombosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 114:23-34. [PMID: 37330315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading chronic liver diseases with increased morbidity and mortality rates for extrahepatic diseases (including cardiovascular disease, portal vein thrombosis, etc.). There is an increased risk of thrombosis in both the portal and systemic circulation in patients with NAFLD, independent of traditional liver cirrhosis. However, increased portal pressure, the most critical factor, is frequently observed in NAFLD patients, predisposing them to portal vein thrombosis (PVT). It has been reported that there is an 8.5% incidence of PVT among patients with non-cirrhotic NAFLD in a prospective cohort study. Based on the prothrombotic status of NAFLD itself, patients combined with cirrhosis may accelerate the development of PVT and lead to a poor prognosis. Moreover, PVT has been shown to complicate the procedure and adversely affect the outcome during liver transplantation surgery. NAFLD is in a prothrombotic state, and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood so far. Particularly noteworthy is that gastroenterologists currently overlook the higher risk of PVT in NAFLD. We investigate the pathogenesis of NAFLD complicated with PVT from the perspective of primary, secondary, and tertiary hemostasis, and also summarize relevant studies in humans. Some treatment options that may affect NAFLD and its PVT are also explored to improve patient-oriented outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Mei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiong-Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou Second People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Liang-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - De-Kui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Jing L, Zhai C, Xiang Q, Tian H, Hu H. Intestinal Flora Metabolite Trimethylamine Oxide Is Inextricably Linked to Coronary Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:175-182. [PMID: 36607700 PMCID: PMC9988214 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the incidence of coronary heart disease has gradually become younger, and biomarkers for predicting coronary heart disease have demonstrated valuable clinical prospects. Several studies have established an association between coronary heart disease and intestinal flora metabolites, including trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. Investigations have also shown that plasma levels of TMAO and its precursors can predict cardiovascular risk in humans; however, TMAO's mechanism of action in causing coronary heart disease is not fully understood. This review examines TMAO's generation, the mechanism through which it causes coronary heart disease, and the approaches used to treat TMAO-caused coronary heart disease to possible avenues for future research on coronary heart disease and find new concepts for the treatment of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; and
| | - Lele Jing
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Qiannan Xiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Hongen Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| | - Huilin Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University: First Hospital of Jiaxing
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Pan J, Sun Z. LncRNA NCK1-AS1-mediated regulatory functions in human diseases. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:323-332. [PMID: 36131072 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disease development requires the activation of complex multi-factor processes involving numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which describe non-protein-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs act as essential regulators that perform pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. The mechanisms underlying lncRNA involvement in diverse diseases have been extensively explored, and lncRNAs are considered powerful biomarkers for clinical practice. The lncRNA noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1) antisense 1 (NCK1-AS1), also known as NCK1 divergent transcript (NCK1-DT), is encoded on human chromosome 3q22.3 and produces a 27,274-base-long transcript. NCK1-AS1 has increasingly been characterized as a causative agent for multiple diseases. The abnormal expression and involvement of NCK1-AS1 in various biological processes have been associated with several diseases. Further exploration of the mechanisms through which NCK1-AS1 contributes to disease development and progression will provide a foundation for potential clinical applications of NCK1-AS1 in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the various functions and mechanisms through which NCK1-AS1 contributes to various diseases and the clinical application prospects for NCK1-AS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zongzong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang H, Yu A, Wang Z, Zhang N, Wang Q, Gao H, Gao J, Wang X, Wang H. Atherosclerotic patients with diabetes mellitus may break through the threshold of healthy TMAO levels formed by long-term statins therapy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13657. [PMID: 36879744 PMCID: PMC9984437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading course of disease-related death in both developed and developing countries. Atherosclerosis is main pathology of CVD, and its severity is thought to be related to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) level in plasma. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand the synergistic patterns between TMAO and other contribution variables to atherosclerosis, allowing for effective and timely monitoring or intervention. Methods A total of 359 participants were recruited in our study, including 190 atherosclerosis patients, 82 MI or stroke patients, 68 non-atherosclerosis controls and 19 healthy controls. Information on their risk associated with atherosclerosis and plasma TMAO concentration were collected. LASSO regression, multivariate analysis and univariate analysis were then performed to confirm the correlation between TMAO level and risk factors of atherosclerosis. Results Compared to patients and non-atherosclerosis controls, healthy participants had a normal BMI range (lower than 24), lower triglyceride concentration, and healthy lifestyle habits (no smoking and low salt diet). However, under backgrounds of statins treatment and balanced dietary preferences, TMAO levels were not significantly different among patients, non-atherosclerosis controls and healthy controls. Using LASSO regression model, four indicators was identified to have contribution to TMAO levels, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. Subsequent univariate analysis further confirmed that the presence or absence of diabetes had a decisive effect on patients' plasma TMAO levels, even though they had been taking statin lipid-lowering drugs for a long time. Conclusion Diabetics have abnormally high plasma TMAO levels even under continuous statins treatment, which may contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on monitoring TMAO levels in diabetic patients to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Anqi Yu
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Haichao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Junhui Gao
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Institution of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McArthur S. Regulation of Physiological Barrier Function by the Commensal Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020396. [PMID: 36836753 PMCID: PMC9964120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental characteristic of living organisms is their ability to separate the internal and external environments, a function achieved in large part through the different physiological barrier systems and their component junctional molecules. Barrier integrity is subject to multiple influences, but one that has received comparatively little attention to date is the role of the commensal microbiota. These microbes, which represent approximately 50% of the cells in the human body, are increasingly recognized as powerful physiological modulators in other systems, but their role in regulating barrier function is only beginning to be addressed. Through comparison of the impact commensal microbes have on cell-cell junctions in three exemplar physiological barriers-the gut epithelium, the epidermis and the blood-brain barrier-this review will emphasize the important contribution microbes and microbe-derived mediators play in governing barrier function. By extension, this will highlight the critical homeostatic role of commensal microbes, as well as identifying the puzzles and opportunities arising from our steadily increasing knowledge of this aspect of physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, 4, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jalandra R, Makharia GK, Sharma M, Kumar A. Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1101429. [PMID: 36726978 PMCID: PMC9885123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microbiota as a by-product of metabolism of dietary precursors. TMA has been implicated in various chronic health conditions. However, the effect of TMA in the colon and the underlying mechanism was not clear. In this study, TMA exhibited toxic effects in vitro as well as in vivo. TMA-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage, and compromised cell membrane integrity leading to the release of LDH outside the cells which ultimately leads to cell death. Besides, TMA also exhibited pronounced increase in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. TMA was found to be genotoxic and cytotoxic as the TMA concentration increased from 0.15 mM. A decreased ATP intracellular content was observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment in a time and dose-dependent manner. For in vivo research, TMA (100 mM, i.p. and intra-rectal) once a week for 12 weeks caused significant changes in cellular morphology of colon and rectum epithelium as assessed by H & E staining. TMA also significantly increased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and rectal epithelium indicating the severity of inflammation. In addition, TMA caused extensive mucosal damage and distortion in the epithelium, decrease in length of small intestine compared to control mice. In conclusion, these results highlight the detrimental effects of TMA in the colon and rectal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jalandra
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Govind K. Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choline and butyrate beneficially modulate the gut microbiome without affecting atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Atherosclerosis 2022; 362:47-55. [PMID: 36347649 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Choline has been shown to exert atherogenic effects in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, related to its conversion by gut bacteria into trimethylamine (TMA) that is converted by the liver into the proinflammatory metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Since butyrate beneficially modulates the gut microbiota and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether butyrate can alleviate choline-induced atherosclerosis. To this end, we used APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established atherosclerosis-prone model with human-like lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice were fed an atherogenic diet alone or supplemented with choline, butyrate or their combination for 16 weeks. RESULTS Interestingly, choline protected against fat mass gain, increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory gut microbes, and increased the expression of gut microbial genes involved in TMA and TMAO degradation. Butyrate similarly attenuated fat mass gain and beneficially modulated the gut microbiome, as shown by increased abundance of anti-inflammatory and short chain fatty acid-producing microbes, and inhibited expression of gut microbial genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Both choline and butyrate upregulated hepatic expression of flavin-containing monooxygenases, and their combination resulted in highest circulating TMAO levels. Nonetheless, choline, butyrate and their combination did not influence atherosclerosis development, and TMAO levels were not associated with atherosclerotic lesion size. CONCLUSIONS While choline and butyrate have been reported to oppositely modulate atherosclerosis development in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice as related to changes in the gut microbiota, both dietary constituents did not affect atherosclerosis development while beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice.
Collapse
|
14
|
Deng B, Tao L, Wang Y. Natural products against inflammation and atherosclerosis: Targeting on gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997056. [PMID: 36532443 PMCID: PMC9751351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has become recognized as a crucial element in preserving human fitness and influencing disease consequences. Commensal and pathogenic gut microorganisms are correlated with pathological progress in atherosclerosis (AS). GM may thus be a promising therapeutic target for AS. Natural products with cardioprotective qualities might improve the inflammation of AS by modulating the GM ecosystem, opening new avenues for researches and therapies. However, it is unclear what components of natural products are useful and what the actual mechanisms are. In this review, we have summarized the natural products relieving inflammation of AS by regulating the GM balance and active metabolites produced by GM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyu Tao
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou P, Kang JL, Cheng QQ, Chen MT, Xie Y, Zhou H. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine against atherosclerosis: Targeting trimethylamine N-oxide. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154305. [PMID: 35792446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) level is highly correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis (AS), and the elevated level is significantly positively correlated with the incidence of AS. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to offer a useful summary of the correlation between TMAO and AS, and the effect of herbal monomers, herbal extracts, and formulas on anti-atherosclerosis mediated by TMAO. METHOD The data contained in this article comes from PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. RESULTS This review discusses the main mechanism of AS induced by TMAO, including endothelial dysfunction, macrophage foaming, platelet reactivity, and cholesterol metabolism, and summarizes 6 herb monomers, 5 herb extracts, and 2 formulas that have been tested for their anti-TMAO activity. CONCLUSION The current understanding of possible ways to reduce TMAO generation is discussed, with the effect and potential of herb monomers, herb extracts, and formulas highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jun-Li Kang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Qi-Qing Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Ming-Tai Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangdong, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangdong, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding S, Xue J, Zhang Q, Zheng L. Trimethylamine-N-oxide is an important target for heart and brain diseases. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:321-323. [PMID: 37724327 PMCID: PMC10388736 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusi Ding
- China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jing L, Zhang H, Xiang Q, Shen L, Guo X, Zhai C, Hu H. Targeting Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Alleviating Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864600. [PMID: 35770223 PMCID: PMC9235870 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and there is currently no effective drug to reverse its pathogenesis. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of the gut flora with the potential to act as a new risk factor for CVD. Many studies have shown that TMAO is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic diseases through various mechanisms; however, the targeted therapy for TMAO remains controversial. This article summarizes the vital progress made in relation to evaluations on TMAO and AS in recent years and highlights novel probable approaches for the prevention and treatment of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Xiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Huilin Hu
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
朱 小, 李 文, 王 宪, 宋 文, 徐 莉, 张 立, 冯 向, 路 瑞, 释 栋, 孟 焕. [Gene polymorphisms of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain ( CYBA) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP) and susceptibility to generalized aggressive periodontitis]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:18-22. [PMID: 35165463 PMCID: PMC8860645 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain (CYBA) rs4673 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) rs12720922 polymorphisms with the susceptibility of gene-ralized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). METHODS The study was a case-control trial. A total of 372 GAgP patients and 133 periodontally healthy controls were recruited. The CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 polymorphisms were detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 variants with the susceptibility of GAgP. The interaction between the two gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility of GAgP was analyzed by the likelihood ratio test. The interaction model adopted was the multiplication model. RESULTS The mean age of GAgP group and control group was (27.5±5.2) years and (28.8±7.1) years respectively. There was significant difference in age between the two groups (P < 0.05). The gender distribution (male/female) was 152/220 and 53/80 respectively, and there was no significant difference between GAgP group and controls (P>0.05). For CYBA rs4673, the frequency of CT/TT genotype in the GAgP group was significantly higher than that in the controls [18.0% (66/366) vs. 10.6% (14/132), P < 0.05]. After adjusting age and gender, the individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher risk of GAgP (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.01-3.45, P < 0.05), compared with CC genotype. There was no statistically significant difference in distributions of the CETP rs12720922 genotypes (GG, AA/AG) between GAgP patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). A significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 in the susceptibility to GAgP was observed. The GAgP risk of the individuals with CYBA rs4673 CT/TT and CETP rs12720922 GG genotypes was significantly increased (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.36-7.75, P < 0.01), compared with those carrying CC and AA/AG genotypes. CONCLUSION CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype is associated with GAgP susceptibility. There is a significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype and CETP rs12720922 GG genotype in the susceptibility of GAgP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 小玲 朱
- 北京大学人民医院口腔科,北京 100044Department of Stomatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - 文静 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宪娥 王
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 文莉 宋
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 莉 徐
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 立 张
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 向辉 冯
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 瑞芳 路
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 栋 释
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 焕新 孟
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Krueger ES, Lloyd TS, Tessem JS. The Accumulation and Molecular Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Metabolic Tissues: It's Not All Bad. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082873. [PMID: 34445033 PMCID: PMC8400152 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since elevated serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were first associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), TMAO research among chronic diseases has grown exponentially. We now know that serum TMAO accumulation begins with dietary choline metabolism across the microbiome-liver-kidney axis, which is typically dysregulated during pathogenesis. While CVD research links TMAO to atherosclerotic mechanisms in vascular tissue, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear. Here we report the current standing of TMAO research in metabolic disease contexts across relevant tissues including the liver, kidney, brain, adipose, and muscle. Since poor blood glucose management is a hallmark of metabolic diseases, we also explore the variable TMAO effects on insulin resistance and insulin production. Among metabolic tissues, hepatic TMAO research is the most common, whereas its effects on other tissues including the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells are largely unexplored. Studies on diseases including obesity, diabetes, liver diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cognitive diseases reveal that TMAO effects are unique under pathologic conditions compared to healthy controls. We conclude that molecular TMAO effects are highly context-dependent and call for further research to clarify the deleterious and beneficial molecular effects observed in metabolic disease research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Krueger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Trevor S. Lloyd
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (T.S.L.)
- Medical Education Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (T.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-422-9082
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zwartjes MSZ, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Produced Metabolites in Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Its Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:531. [PMID: 34436472 PMCID: PMC8398981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and is often, but not invariably, associated with dyslipidemia. The gut microbiota is increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, relatively little focus has been attributed to the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of dyslipidemia and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss current data involved in these processes and point out the therapeutic potentials. We cover the ability of gut microbiota metabolites to alter lipoprotein lipase action, VLDL secretion, and plasma triglyceride levels, and its effects on reverse cholesterol transport, adipocyte dysfunction, and adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, the current intervention strategies for treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia is addressed with emphasis on the role of gut microbiota metabolites and its ability to predict treatment efficacies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max S. Z. Zwartjes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bordoni L, Petracci I, Pelikant-Malecka I, Radulska A, Piangerelli M, Samulak JJ, Lewicki L, Kalinowski L, Gabbianelli R, Olek RA. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and trimethylamine levels in the blood: New insights on cardiovascular disease biomarkers. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21694. [PMID: 34165220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is a promising candidate. A growing attention has been also dedicated to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an oxidative derivative of the gut metabolite trimethylamine (TMA). With the aim to identify biomarkers predictive of CVD, we investigated TMA, TMAO, and mtDNAcn in a population of 389 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 151 healthy controls, in association with established risk factors for CVD (sex, age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) and troponin, an established marker of CAD. MtDNAcn was significantly lower in CAD patients; it correlates with GFR and TMA, but not with TMAO. A biomarker including mtDNAcn, sex, and hypertension (but neither TMA nor TMAO) emerged as a good predictor of CAD. Our findings support the mtDNAcn as a promising plastic biomarker, useful to monitor the exposure to risk factors and the efficacy of preventive interventions for a personalized CAD risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Petracci
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Radulska
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division and Mathematics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joanna J Samulak
- Doctoral School, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Lewicki
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Kashubian Center for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Pomeranian Hospitals, Wejherowo, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Robert A Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Paul N, Sarkar R, Sarkar S. Zinc protoporphyrin-trimethylamine-N-oxide complex involves cholesterol oxidation causing atherosclerosis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:367-374. [PMID: 33713182 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of food protein by gut microbes produce trimethylamine which on oxidation by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases is transformed to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO has recently been implicated as a biomarker for atherosclerosis. TMAO, as (CH3)3N+-O-), is ionic and so a hydrophilic molecule that is freely available in blood plasma. For the effective interaction with lipid-soluble molecules, TMAO should be phase transferred to the lipid site. We show that the free TMAO is effectively bonded to zinc protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester [ZnPPDME] to yield [TMAOZnPPDME] using phase transfer reaction. The zinc protoporphyrin IX, [ZnPP], in general, available in blood may form [TMAOZnPP] complex. The nature of such interaction between TMAO and [ZnPP] has been structurally shown using a model complex, [TMAOZnTPP] (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin). These complexes readily move from the polar plasma to the non-polar (lipid) site to act as the oxo-transfer agent to oxidize cholesterol causing atherosclerosis. Chromatographic and circular dichroism (CD) studies show that either TMAO or [ZnPP] alone cannot oxidize cholesterol. Free TMAO bonded with zinc-protoporphyrin IX, [ZnPP], in blood plasma as [TMAOZnPP] is transported to the lipid site and this is the reacting species to oxidize cholesterol causing atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navendu Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, West Bengal, 711103, India
| | - Rudra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, West Bengal, 711103, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belurmath, West Bengal, 711202, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vernon ST, Tang O, Kim T, Chan AS, Kott KA, Park J, Hansen T, Koay YC, Grieve SM, O’Sullivan JF, Yang JY, Figtree GA. Metabolic Signatures in Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the BioHEART-CT Study. Cells 2021; 10:980. [PMID: 33922315 PMCID: PMC8145337 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective prevention programs targeting cardiovascular risk factors, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death. Novel biomarkers are needed for improved risk stratification and primary prevention. To assess for independent associations between plasma metabolites and specific CAD plaque phenotypes we performed liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry on plasma from 1002 patients in the BioHEART-CT study. Four metabolites were examined as candidate biomarkers. Dimethylguanidino valerate (DMGV) was associated with presence and amount of CAD (OR) 1.41 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.12-1.79, p = 0.004), calcified plaque, and obstructive CAD (p < 0.05 for both). The association with amount of plaque remained after adjustment for traditional risk factors, ß-coefficient 0.17 (95% CI 0.02-0.32, p = 0.026). Glutamate was associated with the presence of non-calcified plaque, OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.09-2.01, p = 0.011). Phenylalanine was associated with amount of CAD, ß-coefficient 0.33 (95% CI 0.04-0.62, p = 0.025), amount of calcified plaque, (ß-coefficient 0.88, 95% CI 0.23-1.53, p = 0.008), and obstructive CAD, OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.01-3.31, p = 0.046). Trimethylamine N-oxide was negatively associated non-calcified plaque OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.53-0.97, p = 0.029) and the association remained when adjusted for traditional risk factors. In targeted metabolomic analyses including 53 known metabolites and controlling for a 5% false discovery rate, DMGV was strongly associated with the presence of calcified plaque, OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.26-2.01, p = 0.006), obstructive CAD, OR 2.33 (95% CI 1.59-3.43, p = 0.0009), and amount of CAD, ß-coefficient 0.3 (95% CI 0.14-0.45, p = 0.014). In multivariate analyses the lipid and nucleotide metabolic pathways were both associated with the presence of CAD, after adjustment for traditional risk factors. We report novel associations between CAD plaque phenotypes and four metabolites previously associated with CAD. We also identified two metabolic pathways strongly associated with CAD, independent of traditional risk factors. These pathways warrant further investigation at both a biomarker and mechanistic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Vernon
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.T.V.); (O.T.); (K.A.K.); (J.P.); (T.H.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Owen Tang
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.T.V.); (O.T.); (K.A.K.); (J.P.); (T.H.)
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Taiyun Kim
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adam S. Chan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katharine A. Kott
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.T.V.); (O.T.); (K.A.K.); (J.P.); (T.H.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John Park
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.T.V.); (O.T.); (K.A.K.); (J.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.T.V.); (O.T.); (K.A.K.); (J.P.); (T.H.)
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yen C. Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- Imaging and Phenotyping Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - John F. O’Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Jean Y. Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.T.V.); (O.T.); (K.A.K.); (J.P.); (T.H.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.K.); (A.S.C.); (Y.C.K.); (J.F.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dietary Annatto-Extracted Tocotrienol Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Improves Macronutrient Metabolism in Obese Mice: A Metabolic Profiling Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041267. [PMID: 33924335 PMCID: PMC8069008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related complications are a world-wide health problem. Dietary tocotrienols (TT) have been shown to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and gut dysbiosis. This study examined the hypothesis that the antioxidant capacity of TT alters metabolites of oxidative stress and improves systemic metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD control) or HFD supplemented with 800 mg annatto-extracted TT/kg (HFD+TT800) for 14 weeks. Sera from obese mice were examined by non-targeted metabolite analysis using UHPLC/MS. Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+TT800 group had higher levels of serum metabolites, essential amino acids (lysine and methionine), sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and vitamins (pantothenate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, and retinol). TT-treated mice had lowered levels of serum metabolites, dicarboxylic fatty acids, and inflammatory/oxidative stress markers (trimethylamine N-oxide, kynurenate, 12,13-DiHOME, and 13-HODE + 9-HODE) compared to the control. The results suggest that TT supplementation lowered inflammation and oxidative stress (oxidized glutathione and GSH/GSSH) and improved macronutrient metabolism (carbohydrates) in obese mice. Thus, TT actions on metabolites were beneficial in reducing obesity-associated hypercholesterolemia/hyperglycemia. The effects of a non-toxic dose of TT in mice support the potential for clinical applications in obesity and metabolic disease.
Collapse
|