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Acosta A, Khokhlovich E, Reis H, Vyshedskiy A. Dietary Factors Impact Developmental Trajectories in Young Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:3533-3548. [PMID: 37584768 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary factors on developmental trajectories in young autistic children. METHODS A gluten-free and casein-free diets, as well as six types of food (meat and eggs, vegetables, uncooked vegetables, sweets, bread, and "white soft bread that never molds") were investigated observationally for up to three years in 5,553 children 2 to 5 years of age via parent-report measures completed within a mobile application. Children had a parent-reported diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); 78% were males; the majority of participants resided in the USA. Outcome was monitored on five orthogonal subscales: Language Comprehension, Expressive Language, Sociability, Sensory Awareness, and Health, assessed by the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) (Rimland & Edelson, 1999) and Mental Synthesis Evaluation Checklist (MSEC) (Arnold & Vyshedskiy, 2022; Braverman et al., 2018). RESULTS Consumption of fast-acting carbohydrates - sweets, bread, and "white soft bread that never molds" - was associated with a significant and a consistent Health subscale score decline. On the contrary, a gluten-free diet, as well as consumption of meat, eggs, and vegetables were associated with a significant and consistent improvement in the Language Comprehension score. Consumption of meat and eggs was also associated with a significant and consistent improvement in the Sensory Awareness score. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate a strong correlation between a diet and developmental trajectories and suggest possible dietary interventions for young autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Acosta
- Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- ImagiRation, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | | | | | - Andrey Vyshedskiy
- Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- ImagiRation, Boston, MA, 02135, USA.
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2
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Xu J, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Gao J. The protective effect of S-adenosylmethionine on chronic adolescent stress-induced depression-like behaviors by regulating gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176939. [PMID: 39182548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy and tolerability of current antidepressants for adolescent depression are inadequate. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), known for its effectiveness and minimal side effects in adult depression, remains unstudied in adolescents. This study explored the potential of SAMe to address depression-like behaviors in juvenile rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with a focus on gut microbiome interactions. Adolescent male Wistar rats were subjected to a 4-week CUMS regimen and received daily intraperitoneal injections of 300 mg/kg SAMe. Behavioral assessments included the sucrose preference test, elevated plus maze test, open field test, and Y-maze test. Histopathological changes of the hippocampus and colon were observed by Nissl staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed using Accurate 16S absolute quantification sequencing. The results showed that SAMe significantly improved behavioral outcomes, reduced histopathological damages in hippocampal neurons and colon tissues, and modulated the gut microbiota of depressed rats. It favorably altered the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, decreased the absolute abundance of Deferribacteres, and adjusted levels of key microbial genera associated with depression-like behaviors. These results suggested that SAMe could effectively counter depression-like behaviors in CUMS-exposed adolescent rats by mitigating hippocampal neuronal and colon damage and modulating the gut microbiota. This supports SAMe as a viable and tolerable treatment option for adolescent depression, highlighting the importance of the gut-brain axis in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Wangwang Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Liangke Pan
- Qingdao No.9 High School, Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China.
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3
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Chen CY, Wang YF, Lei L, Zhang Y. Impacts of microbiota and its metabolites through gut-brain axis on pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Life Sci 2024; 351:122815. [PMID: 38866215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a high rate of recurrence and disability, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. That's why a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of MDD pathology is an urgent task, and some studies have found that intestinal symptoms accompany people with MDD. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, which was found to have a strong association with the pathogenesis of MDD. Previous studies have focused more on the communication between the gut and the brain through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and autonomic pathways, and the role of gut microbes and their metabolites in depression is unclear. Metabolites of intestinal microorganisms (e.g., tryptophan, kynurenic acid, indole, and lipopolysaccharide) can participate in the pathogenesis of MDD through immune and inflammatory pathways or by altering the permeability of the gut and blood-brain barrier. In addition, intestinal microbes can communicate with intestinal neurons and glial cells to affect the integrity and function of intestinal nerves. However, the specific role of gut microbes and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of MDD is not well understood. Hence, the present review summarizes how gut microbes and their metabolites are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ya Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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4
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Behrens LMP, Gasparotto J, Rampelotto PH, Escalona MAR, da Silva LDS, Carazza-Kessler FG, Barbosa CP, Campos MS, Dorn M, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Sodium propionate oral supplementation ameliorates depressive-like behavior through gut microbiome and histone 3 epigenetic regulation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 130:109660. [PMID: 38685283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global health concern, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising field for understanding the pathophysiology of MDD. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-acetate, butyrate, and propionate-, have gained attention for their potential to influence epigenetic modifications within the host brain. However, the precise mechanisms through which these metabolites participate in MDD pathophysiology remain elusive. This study was designed to investigate the effects of oral SCFA supplementation in adult male Wistar rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). A subset of control and CUMS-exposed rats received different supplementations: sodium acetate (NaOAc) at a concentration of 60 mM, sodium butyrate (NaB) at 40 mM, sodium propionate (NaP) at 50 mM, or a mixture of these SCFAs. The gut microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing, and epigenetic profiling was performed using Western blot analysis. Results demonstrated that NaP supplementation significantly alleviated anhedonia in stressed animals, as evidenced by improved performance in the sucrose consumption test. This ameliorative effect was potentially associated with the modulation of gut bacterial communities, accompanied by the attenuation of the region-specific epigenetic dysregulation in the brain of the animals exposed to chronic stress. These findings suggest a potential association between gut dysbiosis and stress response, and NaP could be a promising target for future MDD interventions. However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Marques Prates Behrens
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-907, Brazil
| | - Manuel Adrian Riveros Escalona
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dos Santos da Silva
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Gabriel Carazza-Kessler
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Camila Pocharski Barbosa
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marlene Soares Campos
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcio Dorn
- Department of Theoretical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Taghizadeh Ghassab F, Shamlou Mahmoudi F, Taheri Tinjani R, Emami Meibodi A, Zali MR, Yadegar A. Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights. Life Sci 2024; 350:122748. [PMID: 38843992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a high socioeconomic burden. Although pharmacotherapy is currently the principal therapeutic approach for the management of NDs, mounting evidence supports the notion that the protracted application of available drugs would abate their dopaminergic outcomes in the long run. The therapeutic application of microbiome-based modalities has received escalating attention in biomedical works. In-depth investigations of the bidirectional communication between the microbiome in the gut and the brain offer a multitude of targets for the treatment of NDs or maximizing the patient's quality of life. Probiotic administration is a well-known microbial-oriented approach to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially influence the process of neurodegeneration. Of note, there is a strong need for further investigation to map out the mechanistic prospects for the gut-brain axis and the clinical efficacy of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the importance of microbiome modulation and hemostasis via probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics in ameliorating pathological neurodegenerative events. Also, we meticulously describe the underlying mechanism of action of probiotics and their metabolites on the gut-brain axis in different NDs. We suppose that the present work will provide a functional direction for the use of probiotic-based modalities in promoting current practical treatments for the management of neurodegenerative-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghizadeh Ghassab
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shamlou Mahmoudi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Taheri Tinjani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armitasadat Emami Meibodi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Liu X, Li M, Jian C, Qin X. Characterization of "microbiome-metabolome-immunity" in depressed rats with divergent responses to Paroxetine. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:201-213. [PMID: 38346646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line anti-depressants. Unfortunately, about 30 % depressed patients do not effectively respond to SSRIs. It is still unclear that the gastrointestinal characteristics of responders and non-responders, and the differences. METHODS Herein, we characterized gut microbiome and metabolome of depressed rats with differential responses to Paroxetine (PX) by 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H NMR-based metabolomics, respectively. On top of this, we constructed both inter- and inner-layer networks, intuitively showing the correlations among behavioral indicators, immune factors, intestinal bacteria, and differential metabolites. RESULTS Consequently, we found that depressed rats differently responded to PX, which could be divided into PX responsive (PX-R) and non-responsive (PX-N) groups. Firstly, the depressive behaviors of PX-R rats and PX-N rats significantly differed. Meanwhile, inflammatory balance was also characterized for depressed rats with different responses to PX. Overall, PX-R rats and PX-N rats exhibited differential gut microbiome and metabolome, including intestinal structures, intestinal functions, metabolic profiles, metabolites, and metabolic pathways. LIMITATIONS Metabolites that identified by metabolomics based on 1H NMR are not comprehensive enough. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrated that gut microbiome and metabolome, as well as related functions, are of significance in differential responses of depressed rats to PX, which might be novel insights in uncovering the mechanisms of differences in efficacies of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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7
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Chen M, Wang L, Lou Y, Huang Z. Effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress on gut microbiota and fecal amino acid and short-chain fatty acid pathways in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114930. [PMID: 38432300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious disease that has a significant impact on social functioning. However, the exact causes of depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new pathways leading to depression. In this study, we used 16 S rDNA to examine changes in gut microbiota and predict related pathways in depression-like mice. Additionally, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify changes in amino acids and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal samples. We conducted Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the associations between changes in amino acids/SCFAs and behavioral outcomes. The 16 S rDNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella were increased, while Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Lachnospirillum, and Enterobacter were decreased in the CUMS mice. We used PICRUSt software to annotate the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway function related to depression-like behavior in mice. Our analysis identified sixty functional pathways associated with the gut microbiota of mice exhibiting depression-like behavior. In the amino acid concentration analysis, we observed decreased levels of hydroxyproline and tryptophan, and increased levels of alanine in CUMS mice. In the SCFAs concentration assay, we found decreased levels of butyric acid and valeric acid, and increased levels of acetic acid in CUMS mice. Some of these changes were significantly correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of the gut-brain axis in the occurrence and development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Cross C, Davies M, Bateman E, Crame E, Joyce P, Wignall A, Ariaee A, Gladman MA, Wardill H, Bowen J. Fibre-rich diet attenuates chemotherapy-related neuroinflammation in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:13-25. [PMID: 37757978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota has received increasing recognition as a key mediator of neurological conditions with neuroinflammatory features, through its production of the bioactive metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Although neuroinflammation is a hallmark shared by the neuropsychological complications of chemotherapy (including cognitive impairment, fatigue and depression), the use of microbial-based therapeutics has not previously been studied in this setting. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of a high fibre diet known to modulate the microbiota, and its associated metabolome, on neuroinflammation caused by the common chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Twenty-four female C57Bl/6 mice were treated with 5-FU (400 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) or vehicle control, with or without a high fibre diet (constituting amylose starch; 4.7 % crude fibre content), given one week prior to 5-FU and until study completion (16 days after 5-FU). Faecal pellets were collected longitudinally for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and terminal SCFA concentrations of the caecal contents were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Neuroinflammation was determined by immunofluorescent analysis of astrocyte density (GFAP). The high fibre diet significantly altered gut microbiota composition, increasing the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansiaceae (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0179) whilst increasing the production of propionate (p = 0.0097). In the context of 5-FU, the diet reduced GFAP expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (p < 0.0001) as well as the midbrain (p = 0.0216). Astrocyte density negatively correlated with propionate concentrations and the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansiaceae, suggesting a relationship between neuroinflammatory and gastrointestinal markers in this model. This study provides the first evidence of the neuroprotective effects of fibre via dietary intake in alleviating the neuroimmune changes seen in response to systemically administered 5-FU, indicating that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a targetable mediator to reduce the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Cross
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maya Davies
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Bateman
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elise Crame
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amin Ariaee
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joanne Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Wang J, Xin J, Xu X, Chen W, Lv Y, Wei Y, Wei X, Li Z, Ding Q, Zhao H, Wen Y, Zhang X, Fang Y, Zu X. Bacopaside I alleviates depressive-like behaviors by modulating the gut microbiome and host metabolism in CUMS-induced mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115679. [PMID: 38113632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopaside I (BSI) is a natural compound that is difficult to absorb orally but has been shown to have antidepressant effects. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in the development of depression through the peripheral nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system and may be a key factor in the effect of BSI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of BSI in the treatment of depression via the microbiota-gut-brain axis and to validate it in a fecal microbiota transplantation model. The antidepressant effect of BSI was established in CUMS-induced mice using behavioral tests and measurement of changes in hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis-related hormones. The improvement of stress-induced gut-brain axis damage by BSI was observed by histopathological sections and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that BSI could modulate the abundance of gut microbiota and increase the abundance of probiotic bacteria. We also observed an increase in short-chain fatty acids, particularly acetic acid. In addition, BSI could modulate the disruption of lipid metabolism induced by CUMS. Fecal microbiota transplantation further confirmed that disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is closely associated with the development of depression, and that the microbiota regulated by BSI exerts a partial antidepressant effect. In conclusion, BSI exerts antidepressant effects by remodeling gut microbiota, specifically through the Lactobacillus and Streptococcus-acetic acid-neurotrophin signaling pathways. Furthermore, BSI can repair damage to the gut-brain axis, regulate HPA axis dysfunction, and maintain immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xike Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanhui Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xintong Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianqian Ding
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Houyu Zhao
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yukun Wen
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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10
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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11
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Tsugiyama LE, Moraes RCM, Moraes YAC, Francis-Oliveira J. Promising new pharmacological targets for depression: The search for efficacy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103804. [PMID: 37865307 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) still relies on the use of serotonergic drugs, despite their limited efficacy. A few mechanistically new drugs have been developed in recent years, but many fail in clinical trials. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain MDD pathophysiology, indicating that physiological processes such as neuroplasticity, circadian rhythms, and metabolism are potential targets. Here, we review the current state of pharmacological treatments for MDD, as well as the preclinical and clinical evidence for an antidepressant effect of molecules that target non-serotonergic systems. We offer some insights into the challenges facing the development of new antidepressant drugs, and the prospect of finding more effectiveness for each target discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Emiko Tsugiyama
- Kansai Medical University, Graduate School of Medicine, iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ruan Carlos Macedo Moraes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Human Physiology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Francis-Oliveira
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Human Physiology, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Benitah KC, Kavaliers M, Ossenkopp KP. The enteric metabolite, propionic acid, impairs social behavior and increases anxiety in a rodent ASD model: Examining sex differences and the influence of the estrous cycle. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 231:173630. [PMID: 37640163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that certain gut and dietary factors may worsen behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Treatment with propionic acid (PPA) has been found to create both brain and behavioral responses in rats that are characteristic of ASD in humans. A consistent male bias in human ASD prevalence has been observed, and several sex-differential genetic and hormonal factors have been suggested to contribute to this bias. The majority of PPA studies in relation to ASD focus on male subjects; research examining the effects of PPA in females is scarce. The present study includes two experiments. Experiment 1 explored sex differences in the effects of systemic administration of PPA (500 mg/kg, ip) on adult rodent social behavior and anxiety (light-dark test). Experiment 2 investigated differential effects of systemic administration of PPA (500 mg/kg) on social behavior and anxiety in relation to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels during the adult rodent estrous cycle. PPA treatment impaired social behavior and increased anxiety in females to the same degree in comparison to PPA-treated males. As well, females treated with PPA in their diestrus phase did not differ significantly in comparison to females administered PPA in their proestrus phase, in terms of reduced social behavior and increased anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Benitah
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Kavaliers
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Kononova S, Kashparov M, Xue W, Bobkova N, Leonov S, Zagorodny N. Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Potential Risk Factor for Idiopathic Toe-Walking in Children: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13204. [PMID: 37686011 PMCID: PMC10488280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) occurs in about 5% of children. Orthopedic treatment of ITW is complicated by the lack of a known etiology. Only half of the conservative and surgical methods of treatment give a stable positive result of normalizing gait. Available data indicate that the disease is heterogeneous and multifactorial. Recently, some children with ITW have been found to have genetic variants of mutations that can lead to the development of toe walking. At the same time, some children show sensorimotor impairment, but these studies are very limited. Sensorimotor dysfunction could potentially arise from an imbalanced production of neurotransmitters that play a crucial role in motor control. Using the data obtained in the studies of several pathologies manifested by the association of sensory-motor dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis, we attempt to substantiate the notion that malfunction of neurotransmitter production is caused by the imbalance of gut microbiota metabolites as a result of dysbiosis. This review delves into the exciting possibility of a connection between variations in the microbiome and ITW. The purpose of this review is to establish a strong theoretical foundation and highlight the benefits of further exploring the possible connection between alterations in the microbiome and TW for further studies of ITW etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kononova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kashparov
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (N.Z.)
- Scientific and Practical Center for Child Psychoneurology, 119602 Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenyu Xue
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (W.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Natalia Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (W.X.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Nikolaj Zagorodny
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (N.Z.)
- N.N. Priorov Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 127299 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Mo X, Xiao R, Cheng Q, Wang H, Liu L, Xie P. Enterogenic metabolomics signatures of depression: what are the possibilities for the future. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:397-418. [PMID: 37934939 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2279984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of studies indicate that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is an important pathway involved in the onset and progression of depression. The responses of the organism (or its microorganisms) to external cues cannot be separated from a key intermediate element: their metabolites. AREAS COVERED In recent years, with the rapid development of metabolomics, an increasing amount of metabolites has been detected and studied, especially the gut metabolites. Nevertheless, the increasing amount of metabolites described has not been reflected in a better understanding of their functions and metabolic pathways. Moreover, our knowledge of the biological interactions among metabolites is also incomplete, which limits further studies on the connections between the microbial-entero-brain axis and depression. EXPERT OPINION This paper summarizes the current knowledge on depression-related metabolites and their involvement in the onset and progression of this disease. More importantly, this paper summarized metabolites from the intestine, and defined them as enterogenic metabolites, to further clarify the function of intestinal metabolites and their biochemical cross-talk, providing theoretical support and new research directions for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Iaquinta FS, Mauro D, Pantano I, Naty S, Iacono D, Gaggiano E, Riccio L, Ciccia F, Grembiale RD, Spagnuolo R. Gastrointestinal Symptoms Impact Psychosocial Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093248. [PMID: 37176688 PMCID: PMC10179391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic Inflammatory Arthritis (IA), such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA) are more likely to experience psychosocial impairment. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are also present, especially in Spondyloarthritis. No data are available on the relationship between gut and brain manifestations and their impact on daily activities in this setting; thus, this study aimed to assess these symptoms in an IA population and identify potential associations. IA patients and a control group were enrolled. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Instrument System (PROMIS®) questionnaire was used to evaluate GI and psychosocial domains. The study included 389 subjects (238 controls and 151 with IA); demographic and clinical data were collected for each participant. IA patients reported both higher psychosocial and GI impairment compared with controls. The logistic regression model revealed a strong association between depression and belly pain (p = 0.035), diarrhea (p = 0.017), bloating (p = 0.018), and reflux (p = 0.01); anxiety was associated with belly pain (p = 0.004), diarrhea (p = 0.019), swallowing alterations (p = 0.004), flatulence (p < 0.001) and reflux (p = 0.008). Moreover, fatigue, sleep disorders, and pain interference were associated with almost all GI symptoms, whereas high physical function scores and satisfaction in social roles decreased the odds of most GI symptoms. IA patients had more significant impairment in both dimensions compared with controls. To address reported symptoms and improve the overall quality of life in rheumatologic patients, a new holistic approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pantano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Naty
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Iacono
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gaggiano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Riccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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16
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Zhao S, Hu S, Sun K, Luo L, Zeng L. Long-term Pu-erh tea consumption improves blue light-induced depression-like behaviors. Food Funct 2023; 14:2313-2325. [PMID: 36779860 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Blue light emitted by smartphones and tablets at night increases the risk of depression. Pu-erh tea has been reported to reduce the risk of depression by regulating tryptophan metabolism, but its underlying protective mechanism on depression induced by blue light at night (BLAN) remains unclear. In this work, two groups of C57BL6/J mice were given water or 0.25% (w/v) Pu-erh tea for 120 days, followed by a 45-day BLAN treatment (400 lux blue light between 21:00 and 23:00) to simulate blue light emitted from electronic equipment. Our results indicated that BLAN induced depression-like behaviors and gut microbiota disorders in healthy mice. Pu-erh tea intake significantly reshaped the gut microbiome (especially Bifidobacterium) and regulated the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This improvement further reduced blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and alleviated neuroinflammation by inhibiting MyD88/NF-κB pathways which finally regulated neurotransmitters such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Collectively, 0.25% (w/v) Pu-erh tea has the potential to prevent BLAN-induced depression-like behaviors by reshaping the gut microbiota and increasing the generation of SCFAs via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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17
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The Association of the Oral Microbiota with the Effects of Acid Stress Induced by an Increase of Brain Lactate in Schizophrenia Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020240. [PMID: 36830777 PMCID: PMC9953675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered cerebral energy metabolism central to schizophrenia can be linked to lactate accumulation. Lactic acid is produced by gastrointestinal bacteria, among others, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to the brain acidity. This study aimed to examine the association of the oral microbiota with the effects of acid stress induced by an increase of brain lactate in schizophrenia patients. The study included patients with a diagnosis of acute polyphasic psychotic disorder meeting criteria for schizophrenia at 3-month follow-up. Results: Individuals with a significantly higher total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale had statistically significantly lower lactate concentrations compared to those with a lower total score and higher brain lactate. We observed a positive correlation between Actinomyces and lactate levels in the anterior cingulate cap and a negative correlation between bacteria associated with lactate metabolism and some clinical assessment scales. Conclusions: Shifts in the oral microbiota in favour of lactate-utilising bacterial genera may represent a compensatory mechanism in response to increased lactate production in the brain. Assessment of neuronal function mediated by ALA-LAC-dependent NMDA regulatory mechanisms may, thus, support new therapies for schizophrenia, for which acidosis has become a differentiating feature of individuals with schizophrenia endophenotypes.
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18
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Șchiopu CG, Ștefănescu C, Boloș A, Diaconescu S, Gilca-Blanariu GE, Ștefănescu G. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders with Psychiatric Symptoms: Involvement of the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in the Pathophysiology and Case Management. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2199. [PMID: 36363791 PMCID: PMC9694215 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders have been an important cause of poor life quality in affected populations. The unclear etiology and pathophysiological mechanism alter the clinical evolution of the patient. Although a strong connection with psychological stress has been observed, it was not until recently that the gut-brain axis involvement has been revealed. Furthermore, the current literature not only promotes the gut-brain axis modulation as a therapeutical target for functional digestive disorders but also states that the gut microbiome has a main role in this bi-directional mechanism. Psychiatric symptoms are currently recognized as an equally important aspect of the clinical manifestation and modulation of both the digestive and central nervous systems and could be the best approach in restoring the balance. As such, this article proposes a detailed description of the physiology of the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the pathophysiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders with psychiatric symptoms and current perspectives for therapeutical management, as revealed by the latest studies in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gabriela Șchiopu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristinel Ștefănescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandra Boloș
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Smaranda Diaconescu
- Medical-Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University “Titu Maiorescu”, 040441 Bucuresti, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Department of Gastroentereology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
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19
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The Effects of Synbiotics Administration on Stress-Related Parameters in Thai Subjects-A Preliminary Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050759. [PMID: 35267392 PMCID: PMC8909555 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization influences our lifestyle, especially in fast-paced environments where we are more prone to stress. Stress management is considered advantageous in terms of longevity. The use of probiotics for psychological treatment has a small amount of diverse proven evidence to support this. However, studies on stress management in stressed subjects using synbiotics are still limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotics on stress in the Thai population. A total of 32 volunteers were enrolled and screened using a Thai Stress Test (TST) to determine their stress status. Participants were divided into the stressed and the non-stressed groups. Synbiotics preparation comprised a mixture of probiotics strains in a total concentration of 1 × 1010 CFU/day (5.0 × 109 CFU of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 and 5.0 × 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) and 10 g prebiotics (5 g galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and 5 g oligofructose (FOS)). All parameters were measured at baseline and after the 12th week of the study. In the stressed group, the administration of synbiotics significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the negative scale scores of TST, and tryptophan. In the non-stressed group, the synbiotics administration decreased tryptophan significantly (p < 0.05), whereas dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate and propionate were increased significantly (p < 0.05). In both groups, cortisol, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced, whereas anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 (IL-10) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were increased. In conclusion, synbiotics administration attenuated the negative feelings via the negative scale scores of TST in stressed participants by modulating the HPA-axis, IL-10, IgA, and LPS. In comparison, synbiotics administration for participants without stress did not benefit stress status but showed remodeling SCFAs components, HPA-axis, and tryptophan catabolism.
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20
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Ortega MA, Alvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Guijarro LG, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Valls P, Mora F, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder-Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010050. [PMID: 35050172 PMCID: PMC8778125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as "holobiont". Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paula Valls
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
| | - Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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21
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McGuinness AJ, Davis JA, Dawson SL, Loughman A, Collier F, O’Hely M, Simpson CA, Green J, Marx W, Hair C, Guest G, Mohebbi M, Berk M, Stupart D, Watters D, Jacka FN. A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1920-1935. [PMID: 35194166 PMCID: PMC9126816 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as 'metabolic machinery' influencing many aspects of physiology has gained substantial attention in the field of psychiatry. This is largely due to the many overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both the potential functionality of the gut microbiota and the biological mechanisms thought to be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised the current literature investigating differences in gut microbiota composition in people with the major psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to 'healthy' controls. We also explored gut microbiota composition across disorders in an attempt to elucidate potential commonalities in the microbial signatures associated with these mental disorders. Following the PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through to December 2021. We identified 44 studies (including a total of 2510 psychiatric cases and 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, of which 24 investigated gut microbiota composition in MDD, seven investigated gut microbiota composition in BD, and 15 investigated gut microbiota composition in SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for a difference in the number or distribution (α-diversity) of bacteria in those with a mental disorder compared to controls. However, studies were relatively consistent in reporting differences in overall community composition (β-diversity) in people with and without mental disorders. Our syntheses also identified specific bacterial taxa commonly associated with mental disorders, including lower levels of bacterial genera that produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria, and higher levels of bacteria associated with glutamate and GABA metabolism. We also observed substantial heterogeneity across studies with regards to methodologies and reporting. Further prospective and experimental research using new tools and robust guidelines hold promise for improving our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health and the development of interventions based on modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. McGuinness
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - J. A. Davis
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - S. L. Dawson
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - A. Loughman
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - F. Collier
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - M. O’Hely
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - C. A. Simpson
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - J. Green
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPcr), Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.466993.70000 0004 0436 2893Department of Psychiatry, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC Australia
| | - W. Marx
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - C. Hair
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.414257.10000 0004 0540 0062Department of Gastroenterology, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - G. Guest
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - M. Mohebbi
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - M. Berk
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D. Stupart
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - D. Watters
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - F. N. Jacka
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XCentre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418393.40000 0001 0640 7766Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
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