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Zeng L, Yang K, Yu G, Hao W, Zhu X, Ge A, Chen J, Sun L. Advances in research on immunocyte iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their regulatory roles in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:481. [PMID: 38965216 PMCID: PMC11224426 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases commonly affect various systems, but their etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Currently, increasing research has highlighted the role of ferroptosis in immune regulation, with immune cells being a crucial component of the body's immune system. This review provides an overview and discusses the relationship between ferroptosis, programmed cell death in immune cells, and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it summarizes the role of various key targets of ferroptosis, such as GPX4 and TFR, in immune cell immune responses. Furthermore, the release of multiple molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), following cell death by ferroptosis, is examined, as these molecules further influence the differentiation and function of immune cells, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, immune cells secrete immune factors or their metabolites, which also impact the occurrence of ferroptosis in target organs and tissues involved in autoimmune diseases. Iron chelators, chloroquine and its derivatives, antioxidants, chloroquine derivatives, and calreticulin have been demonstrated to be effective in animal studies for certain autoimmune diseases, exerting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Finally, a brief summary and future perspectives on the research of autoimmune diseases are provided, aiming to guide disease treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
- Psychosomatic laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Daqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daqing, China.
| | - Ganpeng Yu
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Wensa Hao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Psychosomatic laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Daqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daqing, China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Wu P, Xue J, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Sun Q, Xie M, Wang B, Huang P, Feng Z, Zhao J. Puerariae lobatae Radix ameliorates chronic kidney disease by reshaping gut microbiota and downregulating Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:117. [PMID: 38757304 PMCID: PMC11129539 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysfunction is a key factor affecting chronic kidney disease (CKD) susceptibility. Puerariae lobatae Radix (PLR), a traditional Chinese medicine and food homologous herb, is known to promote the gut microbiota homeostasis; however, its role in renoprotection remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of PLR to alleviate CKD. An 8‑week 2% NaCl‑feeding murine model was applied to induce CKD and evaluate the therapeutic effect of PLR supplementary. After gavage for 8 weeks, The medium and high doses of PLR significantly alleviated CKD‑associated creatinine, urine protein increasement and nephritic histopathological injury. Moreover, PLR protected kidney from fibrosis by reducing inflammatory response and downregulating the canonical Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Furthermore, PLR rescued the gut microbiota dysbiosis and protected against high salt‑induced gut barrier dysfunction. Enrichment of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium was found after PLR intervention, the relative abundances of which were in positive correlation with normal maintenance of renal histology and function. Next, fecal microbiota transplantation experiment verified that the positive effect of PLR on CKD was, at least partially, exerted through gut microbiota reestablishment and downregulation of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. The present study provided evidence for a new function of PLR on kidney protection and put forward a potential therapeutic strategy target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhangrui Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Benlin Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Feng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Lu L, Jifu C, Xia J, Wang J. E3 ligases and DUBs target ferroptosis: A potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116753. [PMID: 38761423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by iron and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Recent studies have provided compelling evidence to support the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis in NDDs may improve disease management. Ferroptosis is regulated by multiple mechanisms, and different degradation pathways, including autophagy and the ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS), orchestrate the complex ferroptosis response by directly or indirectly regulating iron accumulation or lipid peroxidation. Ubiquitination plays a crucial role as a protein posttranslational modification in driving ferroptosis. Notably, E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key enzymes in the ubiquitin system, and their dysregulation is closely linked to the progression of NDDs. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of ubiquitin system enzymes in regulating ferroptosis sensitivity. However, reports on the interaction between ferroptosis and ubiquitin signaling in NDDs are scarce. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the biological processes and roles of the UPS, summarize the core molecular mechanisms and potential biological functions of ferroptosis, and explore the pathophysiological relevance and therapeutic implications of ferroptosis in NDDs. In addition, reviewing the roles of E3s and DUBs in regulating ferroptosis in NDDs aims to provide new insights and strategies for the treatment of NDDs. These include E3- and DUB-targeted drugs and ferroptosis inhibitors, which can be used to prevent and ameliorate the progression of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Lu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Cili Jifu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China.
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Ito S, Yamatani F, Arai Y, Manabe E, Tsujino T. Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorated Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome and Improved Overall Survival in Dahl/Salt-Sensitive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:299-305. [PMID: 37857438 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and anemia are known to adversely affect each other. Inflammation is commonly involved in these diseases. Cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) is the name given to this mutually harmful condition. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of DMF on Dahl/salt-sensitive (DS) rats as a CRAS model. Six-week-old DS rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the high-salt (HS) group, and the HS+DMF group. The HS and HS+DMF groups were fed a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) from 6 weeks of age. In the HS+DMF group, DMF (90 mg/kg per day) was orally administered from 6 to 15 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. The heart and renal injuries were assessed with histopathological analysis. The heart and renal expression of mRNAs was assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. DMF significantly improved overall survival, which was shortened by HS in DS rats. Systolic blood pressure increased in the HS group compared with the control group, and DMF tended to suppress this change. DMF ameliorated the cardiac and renal abnormalities confirmed in the HS group by histopathological analysis. Furthermore, the changes in mRNA expressions associated with disease exacerbation in the HS group were suppressed by DMF. DMF also improved anemia. This study suggests that DMF improves overall survival in DS rats through organ-protective effects and is effective against cardiorenal anemia syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dimethyl fumarate was found to improve overall survival in Dahl/salt-sensitive rats, associated with its ability to ameliorate anemia and induce cardioprotective and renoprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoyasu Ito
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fuyuka Yamatani
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuri Arai
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eri Manabe
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Drug Selection and Posology, Optimal Therapies and Risk/Benefit Assessment in Medicine: The Paradigm of Iron-Chelating Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16749. [PMID: 38069073 PMCID: PMC10706143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of clinical protocols and the selection of drugs with appropriate posology are critical parameters for therapeutic outcomes. Optimal therapeutic protocols could ideally be designed in all diseases including for millions of patients affected by excess iron deposition (EID) toxicity based on personalised medicine parameters, as well as many variations and limitations. EID is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and especially for millions of chronically red-blood-cell-transfused patients. Differences in iron chelation therapy posology cause disappointing results in neurodegenerative diseases at low doses, but lifesaving outcomes in thalassemia major (TM) when using higher doses. In particular, the transformation of TM from a fatal to a chronic disease has been achieved using effective doses of oral deferiprone (L1), which improved compliance and cleared excess toxic iron from the heart associated with increased mortality in TM. Furthermore, effective L1 and L1/deferoxamine combination posology resulted in the complete elimination of EID and the maintenance of normal iron store levels in TM. The selection of effective chelation protocols has been monitored by MRI T2* diagnosis for EID levels in different organs. Millions of other iron-loaded patients with sickle cell anemia, myelodysplasia and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, or non-iron-loaded categories with EID in different organs could also benefit from such chelation therapy advances. Drawbacks of chelation therapy include drug toxicity in some patients and also the wide use of suboptimal chelation protocols, resulting in ineffective therapies. Drug metabolic effects, and interactions with other metals, drugs and dietary molecules also affected iron chelation therapy. Drug selection and the identification of effective or optimal dose protocols are essential for positive therapeutic outcomes in the use of chelating drugs in TM and other iron-loaded and non-iron-loaded conditions, as well as general iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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Sun S, Shen J, Jiang J, Wang F, Min J. Targeting ferroptosis opens new avenues for the development of novel therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:372. [PMID: 37735472 PMCID: PMC10514338 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death with distinct characteristics, including altered iron homeostasis, reduced defense against oxidative stress, and abnormal lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence supporting the notion that ferroptosis plays a key pathogenic role in many diseases such as various cancer types, neurodegenerative disease, diseases involving tissue and/or organ injury, and inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the precise regulatory networks that underlie ferroptosis are largely unknown, particularly with respect to the initiation and progression of various diseases, ferroptosis is recognized as a bona fide target for the further development of treatment and prevention strategies. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in developing pharmacological agonists and antagonists for the treatment of these ferroptosis-related conditions. Here, we provide a detailed overview of our current knowledge regarding ferroptosis, its pathological roles, and its regulation during disease progression. Focusing on the use of chemical tools that target ferroptosis in preclinical studies, we also summarize recent advances in targeting ferroptosis across the growing spectrum of ferroptosis-associated pathogenic conditions. Finally, we discuss new challenges and opportunities for targeting ferroptosis as a potential strategy for treating ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Selyutina OY, Timoshnikov VA, Polyakov NE, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Metal Complexes of Omadine ( N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione): Differences of Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Behavior in Light and Dark Conditions with Possible Toxicity Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104210. [PMID: 37241949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Omadine or N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione and its metal complexes are widely used in medicine and show bactericidal, fungicidal, anticancer, and photochemical activity. The redox activity of omadine complexes with iron, copper, and zinc on lipid peroxidation under light and dark conditions has been investigated. The monitoring of the oxidation of linoleic acid micelles, resembling a model of lipid membrane, was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). It has been shown that the omadine-zinc complex can induce the oxidation of linoleic acid under light irradiation, whereas the complexes with iron and copper are photochemically stable. All the chelating complexes of omadine appear to be redox-inactive in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under dark conditions. These findings suggest that omadine can demonstrate antioxidant behavior in processes involving reactive oxygen species generation induced by transition metals (Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions). However, the omadine complex with zinc, which is widely used in shampoos and ointments, is photochemically active and may cause oxidative cell membrane damage when exposed to light, with possible implications to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Selyutina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, CY-3021 Limassol, Cyprus
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Xie T, Bai Z, Chen Z, Liang H, Liu T, Lam LK, Xu P, Xie P, Chen L, Xiao Y. Inhibition of ferroptosis ameliorates hypertensive nephropathy through p53/Nrf2/p21 pathway by Taohongsiwu decoction: Based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116506. [PMID: 37086874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is a complication of hypertension. Taohongsiwu decoction (THSWD) is used clinically but its application in the prevention and treatment of HN remains unelucidated. AIM OF STUDY This study aims to explore the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of THSWD in the treatment of HN. MATERIALS AND METHODS A network pharmacology approach was used to predict the components and targets of THSWD for treating HN. Animal experiments were performed to verify the network pharmacology findings. RESULTS 205 targets were identified and regarded as potential targets of THSWD in HN treatment. Subsequently, we screened 17 hub genes and identified TP53 as the most critical one. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that p53 signaling pathway might play a significant role. In vivo experiments indicated that high-salt diets can lead to high blood pressure, kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, the altered levels of biomarkers (Iron, malondialdehyde, catalase, ferritin, transferrin, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase 4) provided evidence of ferroptosis. We found that the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and THSWD could significantly alleviate HN by suppressing ferroptosis. THSWD and Fer-1 treatment downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of p53, p21, RB, and CTNNB1, which were upregulated by high salt. Meanwhile, THSWD and Fer-1 reversed the downregulation of Nrf2 caused by high-salt diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that THSWD attenuate HN induced by a high-salt diet through inhibiting ferroptosis via the p53/Nrf2/p21 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Lai Kwan Lam
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengli Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liguo Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ya Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang J, Chen G, Wang J, Liu S, Su J. Platycodin D regulates high glucose-induced ferroptosis of HK-2 cells through glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Bioengineered 2022; 13:6627-6637. [PMID: 35226829 PMCID: PMC8973889 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with inflammation. Platycodin D (PD) demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether PD affects DN remains to be explored. Here, we aimed to discuss the role of PD in DN and its underlying mechanisms. High glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells were treated with PD, and cell viability was assessed using the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Ferroptosis-related factors such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron (Fe2+) level, GSH level, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated. Cell death was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. GPX4 expression was evaluated using Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that HG increased LDH activity, lipid ROS production, Fe2+ levels, and MDA levels and decreased GSH levels, suggesting that the HG condition induced ferroptosis. PD treatment inhibited ferroptosis in HG-induced cells, downregulated ACSL4 and TFR1 expression, and upregulated FTH-1 and SLC7A11 expression. PD reversed the effects of HG condition on cell death. Moreover, GPX4 expression was downregulated in HG-stimulated cells. Furthermore, we substantiated that PD suppressed ferroptosis by modulating GPX4 expression. In conclusion, PD inhibited ferroptosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells by upregulating GPX4 expression, suggesting that PD may be an effective drug for the clinical treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jilei Wang
- Nephrotic Diagnosis And Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shibin Liu
- Nephrotic Diagnosis And Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Su
- Nephrotic Diagnosis And Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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