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Furuse J, Ikeda M, Ueno M, Furukawa M, Morizane C, Takehara T, Nishina T, Todaka A, Okano N, Hara K, Nakai Y, Ohkawa K, Sasaki T, Sugimori K, Yokoyama N, Yamamoto K. A Phase II Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effect and Safety of Nanvuranlat in Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers Previously Treated by Systemic Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3990-3995. [PMID: 39058429 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanvuranlat [an L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor] monotherapy as a later-line treatment in advanced, metastatic, and refractory biliary tract cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study was conducted across fourteen leading Japanese cancer centers and hospitals. Nanvuranlat 25 mg/m2/day or placebo was given intravenously in cycles of 5 consecutive days, followed by 9 days off. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival and disease control rate. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with high L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression and biliary tract cancer subtypes. RESULTS A total of 211 patients were screened, of which 105 eligible patients were randomized. Among these, 70 received nanvuranlat and 35 received placebo. Nanvuranlat demonstrated an improvement in PFS when compared with placebo (HR, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.90; P = 0.02). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported in 30.0% and 22.9% of those in the nanvuranlat and placebo groups, respectively. The overall survival was not statistically different between nanvuranlat- and placebo-treated patients. An exploratory analysis indicated that nanvuranlat is warranted to evaluate its long-term clinical benefit in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, nanvuranlat improved PFS in patients with advanced and refractory biliary tract cancer with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies of this promising compound are warranted in the population of patients who are exhausted from treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Furuse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Furukawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyusyu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akiko Todaka
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohkawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sugimori
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kouji Yamamoto
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Silva AAR, Cardoso MR, de Oliveira DC, Godoy P, Talarico MCR, Gutiérrez JM, Rodrigues Peres RM, de Carvalho LM, Miyaguti NADS, Sarian LO, Tata A, Derchain SFM, Porcari AM. Plasma Metabolome Signatures to Predict Responsiveness to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2473. [PMID: 39001535 PMCID: PMC11240312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has arisen as a treatment option for breast cancer (BC). However, the response to NACT is still unpredictable and dependent on cancer subtype. Metabolomics is a tool for predicting biomarkers and chemotherapy response. We used plasma to verify metabolomic alterations in BC before NACT, relating to clinical data. METHODS Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on pre-NACT plasma from patients with BC (n = 75). After data filtering, an SVM model for classification was built and validated with 75%/25% of the data, respectively. RESULTS The model composed of 19 identified metabolites effectively predicted NACT response for training/validation sets with high sensitivity (95.4%/93.3%), specificity (91.6%/100.0%), and accuracy (94.6%/94.7%). In both sets, the panel correctly classified 95% of resistant and 94% of sensitive females. Most compounds identified by the model were lipids and amino acids and revealed pathway alterations related to chemoresistance. CONCLUSION We developed a model for predicting patient response to NACT. These metabolite panels allow clinical gain by building precision medicine strategies based on tumor stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ap. Rosini Silva
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
| | - Marcella R. Cardoso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas 13083881, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Danilo Cardoso de Oliveira
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
| | - Pedro Godoy
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
| | - Maria Cecília R. Talarico
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas 13083881, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junier Marrero Gutiérrez
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
| | - Raquel M. Rodrigues Peres
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
| | - Lucas M. de Carvalho
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
| | - Luis O. Sarian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas 13083881, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Sophie F. M. Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas 13083881, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia M. Porcari
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Sala 211, Prédio 5, Bragança Paulista 12916900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.A.R.S.); (D.C.d.O.)
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Villagomez FR, Lang J, Rosario FJ, Nunez-Avellaneda D, Webb P, Neville M, Woodruff ER, Bitler BG. Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1625-1642. [PMID: 38867360 PMCID: PMC11218812 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer crucial for tumor heterogeneity and is often a result of defects in cell division and DNA damage repair. Tumors tolerate genomic instability, but the accumulation of genetic aberrations is regulated to avoid catastrophic chromosomal alterations and cell death. In ovarian cancer tumors, claudin-4 is frequently upregulated and closely associated with genome instability and worse patient outcomes. However, its biological association with regulating genomic instability is poorly understood. Here, we used CRISPR interference and a claudin mimic peptide to modulate the claudin-4 expression and its function in vitro and in vivo. We found that claudin-4 promotes a tolerance mechanism for genomic instability through micronuclei generation in tumor cells. Disruption of claudin-4 increased autophagy and was associated with the engulfment of cytoplasm-localized DNA. Mechanistically, we observed that claudin-4 establishes a biological axis with the amino acid transporters SLC1A5 and LAT1, which regulate autophagy upstream of mTOR. Furthermore, the claudin-4/SLC1A5/LAT1 axis was linked to the transport of amino acids across the plasma membrane as one of the potential cellular processes that significantly decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. Together, our results show that the upregulation of claudin-4 contributes to increasing the threshold of tolerance for genomic instability in ovarian tumor cells by limiting its accumulation through autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE Autophagy regulation via claudin-4/SLC1A5/LAT1 has the potential to be a targetable mechanism to interfere with genomic instability in ovarian tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R. Villagomez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Julie Lang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Fredrick J. Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Daniel Nunez-Avellaneda
- Deputy Directorate of Technological Development, Linkage, and Innovation, National Council of Humanities, Sciences, and Technologies, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Webb
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Margaret Neville
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Elizabeth R. Woodruff
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Das C, Bhattacharya A, Adhikari S, Mondal A, Mondal P, Adhikary S, Roy S, Ramos K, Yadav KK, Tainer JA, Pandita TK. A prismatic view of the epigenetic-metabolic regulatory axis in breast cancer therapy resistance. Oncogene 2024; 43:1727-1741. [PMID: 38719949 PMCID: PMC11161412 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation established during development to maintain patterns of transcriptional expression and silencing for metabolism and other fundamental cell processes can be reprogrammed in cancer, providing a molecular mechanism for persistent alterations in phenotype. Metabolic deregulation and reprogramming are thus an emerging hallmark of cancer with opportunities for molecular classification as a critical preliminary step for precision therapeutic intervention. Yet, acquisition of therapy resistance against most conventional treatment regimens coupled with tumor relapse, continue to pose unsolved problems for precision healthcare, as exemplified in breast cancer where existing data informs both cancer genotype and phenotype. Furthermore, epigenetic reprograming of the metabolic milieu of cancer cells is among the most crucial determinants of therapeutic resistance and cancer relapse. Importantly, subtype-specific epigenetic-metabolic interplay profoundly affects malignant transformation, resistance to chemotherapy, and response to targeted therapies. In this review, we therefore prismatically dissect interconnected epigenetic and metabolic regulatory pathways and then integrate them into an observable cancer metabolism-therapy-resistance axis that may inform clinical intervention. Optimally coupling genome-wide analysis with an understanding of metabolic elements, epigenetic reprogramming, and their integration by metabolic profiling may decode missing molecular mechanisms at the level of individual tumors. The proposed approach of linking metabolic biochemistry back to genotype, epigenetics, and phenotype for specific tumors and their microenvironment may thus enable successful mechanistic targeting of epigenetic modifiers and oncometabolites despite tumor metabolic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Apoorva Bhattacharya
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Santanu Adhikary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kenneth Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Heath H, Mogol AN, Santaliz Casiano A, Zuo Q, Madak-Erdogan Z. Targeting systemic and gut microbial metabolism in ER + breast cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:321-330. [PMID: 38220576 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors have a better overall prognosis than ER- tumors; however, there is a sustained risk of recurrence. Mounting evidence indicates that genetic and epigenetic changes associated with resistance impact critical signaling pathways governing cell metabolism. This review delves into recent literature concerning the metabolic pathways regulated in ER+ breast tumors by the availability of nutrients and endocrine therapies and summarizes research on how changes in systemic and gut microbial metabolism can affect ER activity and responsiveness to endocrine therapy. As targeting of metabolic pathways using dietary or pharmacological approaches enters the clinic, we provide an overview of the supporting literature and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Heath
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ayca Nazli Mogol
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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6
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Menyhárt O, Fekete JT, Győrffy B. Resistance to Combined Anthracycline-Taxane Chemotherapy Is Associated with Altered Metabolism and Inflammation in Breast Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1063. [PMID: 38256136 PMCID: PMC10816584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of early-stage breast cancer (BC) patients experience recurrence after systemic chemotherapy; thus, understanding therapy resistance is crucial in developing more successful treatments. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance to combined anthracycline-taxane treatment by comparing gene expression patterns with subsequent therapeutic responses. We established a cohort of 634 anthracycline-taxane-treated patients with pathological complete response (PCR) and a separate cohort of 187 patients with relapse-free survival (RFS) data, each having transcriptome-level expression data of 10,017 unique genes. Patients were categorized as responders and non-responders based on their PCR and RFS status, and the expression for each gene was compared between the two groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with fold change (FC) > 1.44. Altogether, 224 overexpressed genes were identified in the tumor samples derived from the patients without PCR; among these, the gene sets associated with xenobiotic metabolism (e.g., CYP3A4, CYP2A6) exhibited significant enrichment. The genes ORAI3 and BCAM differentiated non-responders from responders with the highest AUC values (AUC > 0.75, p < 0.0001). We identified 51 upregulated genes in the tumor samples derived from the patients with relapse within 60 months, participating primarily in inflammation and innate immune responses (e.g., LYN, LY96, ANXA1). Furthermore, the amino acid transporter SLC7A5, distinguishing non-responders from responders, had significantly higher expression in tumors and metastases than in normal tissues (Kruskal-Wallis p = 8.2 × 10-20). The identified biomarkers underscore the significance of tumor metabolism and microenvironment in treatment resistance and can serve as a foundation for preclinical validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.); (J.T.F.)
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.); (J.T.F.)
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.); (J.T.F.)
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Wang Y, Harada‐Shoji N, Kitamura N, Yamazaki Y, Ebata A, Amari M, Watanabe M, Miyashita M, Tada H, Abe T, Suzuki T, Gonda K, Ishida T. Mitochondrial dynamics as a novel treatment strategy for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6987. [PMID: 38334464 PMCID: PMC10854452 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), recognized as the most heterogeneous type of breast cancer (BC), exhibits a worse prognosis than other subtypes. Mitochondria dynamics play a vital role as mediators in tumorigenesis by adjusting to the cell microenvironments. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and metabophenotype exhibits discrepancies and divergence across various research and BC models. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of mitochondrial dynamics in TNBC drug resistance and tumorigenesis. METHODS The Wst-8 test was conducted to assess doxorubicin sensitivity in HCC38, MDA-MB-231 (TNBC), and MCF-7 (luminal). Confocal microscopy and FACS were used to quantify the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔφM), mitophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer was utilized to measure metabolic characteristics. Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP1), Parkin, and p62 immunohistochemistry staining were performed using samples from 107 primary patients with BC before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). RESULTS MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line with reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin, reduced ΔφM, and enhanced mitophagy to maintain ROS production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-based metabolism. HCC38, a doxorubicin-sensitive cell line, exhibited no alterations in ΔφM or mitophagy. However, it demonstrated an increase in ROS production and glycolysis. Clinicopathological studies revealed that pretreatment (before NAC) expression of DRP1 was significant in TNBC, as was pretreatment expression of Parkin in the hormone receptor-negative group. Furthermore, low p62 levels seem to be a risk factor for recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the interplay between mitophagy, linked to a worse clinical prognosis, and OXPHOS metabolism promoted chemotherapy resistance in TNBC. Mitochondrial fission is prevalent in TNBC. These findings suggest that targeting the unique mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in TNBC may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Wang
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Narumi Harada‐Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Masakazu Amari
- Department of Breast SurgeryTohoku Kosai HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of PathologyTohoku Kosai HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of Medical ScienceTohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal RegulationTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS)Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Canhasi L, Tina E, Eremo AG. Hypoxia-mimetic by CoCl2 increases SLC7A5 expression in breast cancer cells in vitro. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:366. [PMID: 38082346 PMCID: PMC10714522 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased expression of the amino acid transporter solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 (SLC7A5) has been observed in neoplastic cells during hypoxic conditions in vitro, indicating an adaptation for cell survival. To further explore this, we evaluated hypoxia-mimetic by CoCl2 as a model for hypoxia in breast cancer cell lines and the effect on SLC257A5 expression. Four different breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, T-47D, BT-474 and ZR-75-1) were exposed to 100 µM CoCl2 for 48 h. Subsequently, cell viability, gene- and protein expression analyses were performed. RESULTS The gene expression of VEGF, a marker of hypoxia, was significantly elevated in all four cell lines compared to the control (p < 0.0001), indicating that CoCl2 exposure generates a hypoxic response. Moreover, CoCl2 exposure significantly upregulated SLC7A5 gene expression in T-47D (p < 0.001), BT-474 (p < 0.0001) and ZR-75-1 (p < 0.0001) cells, as compared to vehicle control. Immunofluorescence staining showed increased SLC7A5 protein expression in MCF7, T-47D and BT-474 cells compared to vehicle control. This report suggests that hypoxia-mimetic by CoCl2 can be used as a simple model for inducing hypoxia in breast cancer cell lines and in fact influence SLC7A5 gene and protein expression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Canhasi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, SE, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Tina
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, SE, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, SE, Sweden
| | - Anna Göthlin Eremo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, SE, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, 701 82, SE, Sweden.
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9
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Wang BY, Shen HT, Lee YL, Chien PJ, Chang WW. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 7 by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-Amiloride displays anti-cancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer by disrupting cancer stem cell activity and downregulating PD-L1 expression. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4721-4733. [PMID: 37970357 PMCID: PMC10636675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkaline intracellular environment of cancer cells is critical for cell proliferation and controlled by various plasma membrane transporters including Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs). NHEs can also mediate cell behavior by regulating signaling transduction. In this study, we investigated the role of NHE7 in cancer stem cell (CSC) activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and the potential therapeutic implications of targeting NHE7 and the associated immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. By analyzing the database from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found a positive correlation between SLC9A7 mRNA levels (the gene encoding NHE7) and poor overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Using 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-Amiloride (EIPA) to inhibit NHE7 activity, we observed disrupted cell cycle progression and suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, EIPA demonstrated a suppressive effect on CSC activity, evidenced by decreased tumorsphere numbers and inhibition of CSC markers such as ALDH1A2, ABCG2, CD44, and CD133. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that EIPA treatment or NHE7 knockdown in NSCLC cells led to downregulated PD-L1 expression, associated with inhibited STAT3 activity. Interestingly, EIPA's CSC-targeting activity was preferentially observed in NSCLC cells overexpressing BMI1, while increased PD-L1 expression was detected in BMI1-overexpressing NSCLC cells. Our findings suggest that targeting NHE7 with inhibitors like EIPA may have therapeutic potential in NSCLC treatment by disrupting cell cycle progression and suppressing CSC activity. The observed increase in PD-L1 expression in BMI1-overexpressing NSCLC cells upon EIPA treatment highlights the potential benefit of combining NHE7 inhibitors with anti-PD-L1 agents as a promising new therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian HospitalNo. 135, Nanhsiao Street, Changhua 500209, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing UniversityNo. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Shen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationNo. 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Rd., Tanzi Dist., Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical UniversityNo. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical UniversityNo. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical UniversityNo. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402306, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalNo. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402306, Taiwan
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10
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Ramshankar G, Liu R, Perry RJ. The association between the amino acid transporter LAT1, tumor immunometabolic and proliferative features and menopausal status in breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292678. [PMID: 37819900 PMCID: PMC10566702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) facilitates the uptake of specific essential amino acids, and due to this quality, it has been correlated to worse patient outcomes in various cancer types. However, the relationship between LAT1 and various clinical factors, including menopausal status, in mediating LAT1's prognostic effects remains incompletely understood. This is particularly true in the unique subset of tumors that are both obesity-associated and responsive to immunotherapy, including breast cancer. To close this gap, we employed 6 sets of transcriptomic data using the Kaplan-Meier model in the Xena Functional Genomics Explorer, demonstrating that higher LAT1 expression diminishes breast cancer patients' survival probability. Additionally, we analyzed 3'-Deoxy-3'-18F-Fluorothymidine positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FLT PET-CT) images found on The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). After separating all patients based on menopausal status, we correlated the measured 18F-FLT uptake with various clinical parameters quantifying body composition, tumor proliferation, and immune cell infiltration. By analyzing a wealth of deidentified, open-access data, the current study investigates the impact of LAT1 expression on breast cancer prognosis, along with the menopausal status-dependent associations between tumor proliferation, immunometabolism, and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Ramshankar
- Irvington High School, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan Liu
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cedar Park High School, Cedar Park, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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11
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Ebata A, Suzuki T, Shoji-Harada N, Hamanaka Y, Miyashita M, Iwabuchi E, Takagi K, Miki Y, Tada H, Ishida T. Immunolocalization of Cytoplasmic ER in ER-negative Breast Carcinoma as a Potent Favorable Prognostic Predictor. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:59-66. [PMID: 37680573 PMCID: PMC10480483 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen receptor (ER) has extranuclear signaling functions in addition to classical genomic pathway, and estrogenic actions have been reported in ER-negative breast carcinoma cells. However, significance of cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity has not been reported in ER-negative breast carcinoma tissues. We immunolocalized cytoplasmic ER in 155 ER-negative breast carcinoma tissues and evaluated its clinicopathological significance including the prognosis. As a comparative cohort set, we also used 142 ER-positive breast carcinomas. Cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity was detected in the carcinoma cells, but not in the non-neoplastic mammary epithelium. Cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity was positive in the 35 out of 155 (23%) ER-negative breast carcinoma cases, whereas it was detected only in 2 out of 142 (1.4%) ER-positive cases. Cytoplasmic ER status was positively associated with cytoplasmic-PR status, but inversely associated with Ki67 labeling index or distant free-relapse survival rate. Moreover, cytoplasmic-ER status turned out to be an independent good prognostic factor for both distant relapse-free survival and breast cancer specific survival. These findings suggested that cytoplasmic ER plays important roles in the ER-negative breast carcinoma, and cytoplasmic ER is a potent good prognostic factor. Among the ER-negative breast cancer patients, clinical benefit of chemotherapy may be limited in the cytoplasmic-ER positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narumi Shoji-Harada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
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12
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Plaza-Diaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI. The Interplay between Microbiota and Chemotherapy-Derived Metabolites in Breast Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:703. [PMID: 37367861 PMCID: PMC10301694 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cancer in women is breast cancer, which is also the second leading cause of death in this group. It is, however, important to note that some women will develop or will not develop breast cancer regardless of whether certain known risk factors are present. On the other hand, certain compounds are produced by bacteria in the gut, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and other metabolites that may be linked to breast cancer development and mediate the chemotherapy response. Modeling the microbiota through dietary intervention and identifying metabolites directly associated with breast cancer and its complications may be useful to identify actionable targets and improve the effect of antiangiogenic therapies. Metabolomics is therefore a complementary approach to metagenomics for this purpose. As a result of the combination of both techniques, a better understanding of molecular biology and oncogenesis can be obtained. This article reviews recent literature about the influence of bacterial metabolites and chemotherapy metabolites in breast cancer patients, as well as the influence of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
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13
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Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010157. [PMID: 36675817 PMCID: PMC9861470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes-associated breast cancer has become a significant clinical challenge. Diabetes is not only a risk factor for breast cancer but also worsens its prognosis. Patients with diabetes usually show hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are accompanied by different glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism disorders. Metabolic abnormalities observed in diabetes can induce the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The changes in substrate availability and hormone environment not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis but also induce metabolic reprogramming events required for breast cancer cell transformation. Metabolic reprogramming is the basis for the development, swift proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Metabolism must also be reprogrammed to support the energy requirements of the biosynthetic processes in cancer cells. In addition, metabolic reprogramming is essential to enable cancer cells to overcome apoptosis signals and promote invasion and metastasis. This review aims to describe the major metabolic changes in diabetes and outline how cancer cells can use cellular metabolic changes to drive abnormal growth and proliferation. We will specifically examine the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming by which diabetes may promote the development of breast cancer, focusing on the role of glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in this process and potential therapeutic targets. Although diabetes-associated breast cancer has always been a common health problem, research focused on finding treatments suitable for the specific needs of patients with concurrent conditions is still limited. Most studies are still currently in the pre-clinical stage and mainly focus on reprogramming the glucose metabolism. More research targeting the amino acid and lipid metabolism is needed.
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14
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Hu M, Yang L, Liu N, Long R, Zhou L, Zhao W, Feng Y, Wang C, Li Z, Chen Y, Wang L. Evaluation of sulfone-labeled amino acid derivatives as potential PET agents for cancer imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 116-117:108311. [PMID: 36580767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As one of the most important and frequently used molecular imaging techniques in the clinic, positron emission tomography (PET) features high sensitivity and specificity, which generally involves the use of PET contrast agents. Despite the exceptional promise, the availability of novel PET agents could limit its application and there is a clear need to develop new PET agents to improve our understanding of targets of interest and increase the diagnostic specificity. METHODS Based on the fact that amino acid transport and protein anabolism are increased in tumor tissues, a series of 18F-labeled amino acid analog was labeled with 18F by using [18F]fluoro-4-(vinylsulfonyl)benzene as the radionuclide linker. The obtained probes were subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation, including stability, cell line transport channel specificity, PET/CT imaging on tumor and inflammation bearing mice, and biodistribution. RESULTS Our data shows that [18F]2a had moderate decay corrected labeling yield (>42 %) and high radiochemical purity (>99 %). When tested in vivo, the uptake of [18F]2a was 1.5 ± 0.2%ID/g in NCI-H1975 tumors and 1.1 ± 0.2%ID/g in inflammatory tissues. In contrast, the values for [18F]FDG were 5.7 ± 0.2%ID/g and 4.8 ± 0.1%ID/g, respectively. The inflammatory lesion-to-muscle contrast is 2.4 for [18F]2a, which is 3.0 for [18F]FDG. CONCLUSION Clearly, [18F]2a hold the great potential for cancer imaging. Its application in distinguishing tumor from inflammatory lesion would still need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiling Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Kosaka S, Miyashita M, McNamala K, Nomura M, Shima H, Kawai M, Sato I, Harada-Shoji N, Ishida T, Choi MH, Sasano H. Bird's eye view analysis of in situ cholesterol metabolic pathways in breast cancer patients and its clinicopathological significance in their subtypes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106103. [PMID: 35367370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been known to increase the risks of breast cancer (BC) development and also to be associated with adverse clinical outcome of the patients. Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism are not only related to obesity but also to biological or clinical behavior of BC patients. However, which metabolites or pathways of cholesterol metabolism could represent the characteristics of BC patients have remained virtually unknown. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to perform bird's eye view or comprehensive analysis of in situ or intra-tumoral cholesterol metabolic pathways using the multimodal approaches in order to elucidate the possible significance of cholesterol metabolites and its metabolic enzymes including CYP27A1, CYP7A1, and CYP46A1. GC-MS study using BC specimens was first performed in 60 BCE patients to evaluate cholesterol metabolism from cholesterol through oxysterols in both BC and normal tissues. Results of those analyses above lead to evaluating immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of CYP27A1, CYP7A1 and CYP46A1 in 213 and 153 BCE cases, respectively. Results of comprehensive GC-MS analysis did reveal that three oxysterols, 27-HC, 7α-HC and 24-HC were all related to malignant phenotypes in BC. 27-HC abundance was significantly associated with higher tumor stage (P = 0.0475) of BC patients. Luminal B type BC patients harboring high CYP27A1, the enzyme responsible for production of 27-HC were significantly associated with worse disease-free survival than those with low CYP27A1 (P = 0.0463). 7α-HC tended to be more abundant in HER2 positive and TNBC subtypes and higher levels of 7α-HC were also significantly associated with higher Ki-67 labeling index (P = 0.0022) and histological grade (P = 0.0286). CYP7A1, the enzyme involved in production of 7α-HC, was significantly more abundant in TNBC than other subtypes (vs Luminal A; P = 0.0321, vs Luminal B; P = 0.0048, vs HER2; P = 0.0103). The levels of 24-HC in BC were lower than normal breast tissues regardless of its subtypes. CYP46A1, the enzyme involved in the production of 24-HC, was detected only in 33 (15.5%) out of 213 BCE cases examined in this study. Results of our bird's eye view analysis of in situ or intra-tumoral cholesterol metabolism in BC patients did firstly reveal BC subtype dependent involvement of its different pathways. Results also indicated the therapeutic possibility of subtype dependent modification of cholesterol metabolizing pathways in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkichi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Keely McNamala
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nomura
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Surgery I, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
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16
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Seneviratne D, Advani P, Trifiletti DM, Chumsri S, Beltran CJ, Bush AF, Vallow LA. Exploring the Biological and Physical Basis of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) as a Promising Treatment Frontier in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14123009. [PMID: 35740674 PMCID: PMC9221373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BNCT is a biologically targeted, densely ionizing form of radiation therapy that allows for increased tumor cell kill, while reducing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Although BNCT has been investigated in the treatment of head and neck cancers and recurrent brain tumors, its applicability to breast cancer has not been previoulsy investigated. In this review we discuss the physical and biological properties of various boronated compounds, and advantages and challenges associated with the potential use of BNCT in the treatment of breast cancer. Abstract BNCT is a high LET radiation therapy modality that allows for biologically targeted radiation delivery to tumors while reducing normal tissue impacts. Although the clinical use of BNCT has largely been limited to phase I/II trials and has primarily focused on difficult-to-treat malignancies such as recurrent head and neck cancer and recurrent gliomas, recently there has been a renewed interest in expanding the use of BNCT to other disease sites, including breast cancer. Given its high LET characteristics, its biologically targeted and tumor specific nature, as well as its potential for use in complex treatment settings including reirradiation and widespread metastatic disease, BNCT offers several unique advantages over traditional external beam radiation therapy. The two main boron compounds investigated to date in BNCT clinical trials are BSH and BPA. Of these, BPA in particular shows promise in breast cancer given that is taken up by the LAT-1 amino acid transporter that is highly overexpressed in breast cancer cells. As the efficacy of BNCT is directly dependent on the extent of boron accumulation in tumors, extensive preclinical efforts to develop novel boron delivery agents have been undertaken in recent years. Preclinical studies have shown promise in antibody linked boron compounds targeting ER/HER2 receptors, boron encapsulating liposomes, and nanoparticle-based boron delivery systems. This review aims to summarize the physical and biological basis of BNCT, the preclinical and limited clinical data available to date, and discuss its potential to be utilized for the successful treatment of various breast cancer disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka Seneviratne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.S.); (D.M.T.); (C.J.B.); (A.F.B.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Pooja Advani
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel M. Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.S.); (D.M.T.); (C.J.B.); (A.F.B.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Saranya Chumsri
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Chris J. Beltran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.S.); (D.M.T.); (C.J.B.); (A.F.B.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Aaron F. Bush
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.S.); (D.M.T.); (C.J.B.); (A.F.B.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Laura A. Vallow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (D.S.); (D.M.T.); (C.J.B.); (A.F.B.); (L.A.V.)
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17
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Polarity protein SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2 to regulate proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:403. [PMID: 35501367 PMCID: PMC9061724 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer represents 75% of all breast cancers in women. Although patients with ER+ cancers receive endocrine therapies, more than 30% develop resistance and succumb to the disease, highlighting the need to understand endocrine resistance. Here we show an unexpected role for the cell polarity protein SCRIB as a tumor-promoter and a regulator of endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells. SCRIB expression is induced by estrogen signaling in a MYC-dependent manner. SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2, a heteromeric component of leucine amino acid transporter SLC7A5. SLC3A2 binds to the N-terminus of SCRIB to facilitate the formation of SCRIB/SLC3A2/LLGL2/SLC7A5 quaternary complex required for membrane localization of the amino acid transporter complex. Both SCRIB and SLC3A2 are required for cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ cells identifying a new role for the SCRIB/SLC3A2 complex in ER+ breast cancer.
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18
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Expression of 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase in Brain Tumors and Capability to Catabolize Leucine by Human Neural Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030585. [PMID: 35158853 PMCID: PMC8833481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine is an essential, ketogenic amino acid with proteinogenic, metabolic, and signaling roles. It is readily imported from the bloodstream into the brain parenchyma. Therefore, it could serve as a putative substrate that is complementing glucose for sustaining the metabolic needs of brain tumor cells. Here, we investigated the ability of cultured human cancer cells to metabolize leucine. Indeed, cancer cells dispose of leucine from their environment and enrich their media with the metabolite 2-oxoisocaproate. The enrichment of the culture media with a high level of leucine stimulated the production of 3-hydroxybutyrate. When 13C6-leucine was offered, it led to an increased appearance of the heavier citrate isotope with a molar mass greater by two units in the culture media. The expression of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), an enzyme characteristic for the irreversible part of the leucine catabolic pathway, was detected in cultured cancer cells and human tumor samples by immunoprobing methods. Our results demonstrate that these cancer cells can catabolize leucine and furnish its carbon atoms into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Furthermore, the release of 3-hydroxybutyrate and citrate by cancer cells suggests their capability to exchange these metabolites with their milieu and the capability to participate in their metabolism. This indicates that leucine could be an additional substrate for cancer cell metabolism in the brain parenchyma. In this way, leucine could potentially contribute to the synthesis of metabolites such as lipids, which require the withdrawal of citrate from the TCA cycle.
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Liu J, Zhang W, Cai W, Chen Y, Cai X, Tang D, Tang M, Dai Y. Multi-Omics Analyses Revealed GOLT1B as a Potential Prognostic Gene in Breast Cancer Probably Regulating the Immune Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805273. [PMID: 35127514 PMCID: PMC8815109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As recently reported by The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), breast cancer has the highest incidence of all cancers in 2020. Many studies have revealed that golgi apparatus is closely associated with the development of breast cancer. However, the role of golgi apparatus in immune microenvironment is still not clear. In this study, using RNA-Seq datasets of breast cancer patients from the public database (n = 1080), we revealed that GOLT1B, encoding a golgi vesicle transporter protein, was significantly higher expressed in human breast cancer tissues versus normal tissues. Besides, we verified GOLT1B expression in five breast cancer cell line using our original data and found GOLT1B was significantly up-regulated in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR3. Subsequently, we identified GOLT1B as a potential independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. After a multi-omics analysis, we uncovered that the higher expression of GOLT1B in breast cancer tissues versus normal tissues might be due to the amplification of GOLT1B and altered phosphorylation of its potential transcriptional factors, including JUN and SIN3A. Subsequently, we discovered that GOLT1B potentially regulated the immune microenvironment basing on the finding that its expression was closely related to the tumor microenvironment score and infiltration of immune cells. Moreover, we revealed that GOLT1B might affect the overall survival rates of breast cancer through regulating the immune cell infiltration. Finally, we disclosed the potential pathways involved in the functions of GOLT1B in breast cancer, including metabolism and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. To sum up, we identified GOLT1B as a potential prognostic gene for breast cancer and disclosed its role in regulating the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaozhong Cai
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Donge Tang, ; Min Tang, ; Yong Dai, ;
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Donge Tang, ; Min Tang, ; Yong Dai, ;
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Donge Tang, ; Min Tang, ; Yong Dai, ;
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20
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Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer Drug Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010140. [PMID: 35011702 PMCID: PMC8750102 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous investigations on resistance mechanisms, drug resistance in cancer therapies still limits favorable outcomes in cancer patients. The complexities of the inherent characteristics of tumors, such as tumor heterogeneity and the complicated interaction within the tumor microenvironment, still hinder efforts to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells, requiring innovative approaches. In this review, we describe recent studies offering evidence for the essential roles of amino acid metabolism in driving drug resistance in cancer cells. Amino acids support cancer cells in counteracting therapies by maintaining redox homeostasis, sustaining biosynthetic processes, regulating epigenetic modification, and providing metabolic intermediates for energy generation. In addition, amino acid metabolism impacts anticancer immune responses, creating an immunosuppressive or immunoeffective microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of amino acid metabolism as it relates to therapeutic resistance mechanisms will improve anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Törnroos R, Tina E, Göthlin Eremo A. SLC7A5 is linked to increased expression of genes related to proliferation and hypoxia in estrogen‑receptor‑positive breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:17. [PMID: 34792178 PMCID: PMC8611404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid transporter named solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5) is suggested to play a part in altered cell metabolism and proliferative signaling and has been reported to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Estrogen‑receptor‑positive (ER+) breast cancers constitute the most common type of breast malignancies and are often treated with anti‑estrogenic therapies. In this group of patients, endocrine resistance is a challenging problem that could lead to recurrent disease. To overcome this, additional prognostic biomarkers are needed. The present study aimed therefore to determine whether SLC7A5 may be considered as a possible prognostic marker in ER+ breast cancer and to investigate its relation with certain cancer‑related genes. We used a local breast cancer cohort (n=154) and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of SLC7A5 in association with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome. In addition, gene expression analysis was performed on 80 of these tumors. Furthermore, the METABRIC dataset was used for correlation analyses between expression of SLC7A5 and several genes related to breast cancer biology. The results demonstrated that overexpression of SLC7A5 was significantly associated with histopathological grade in patients with breast cancer, and that SLC7A5 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of marker of proliferation Ki‑67 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha. Overexpression of SLC7A5 may therefore play a role in the biology of endocrinologically‑driven disease. However, when further assessing SLC7A5 using the METABRIC dataset, SLC7A5 mRNA expression level was more significantly increased in ER‑ subgroups compared with ER+ disease. All breast cancer subtypes included, SLC7A5 mRNA expression was correlated with a higher number of cancer‑related genes than in estrogen receptor positive tumors alone. The present study suggested that SLC7A5 expression may be of importance for breast cancer cell proliferation and survival. In order to further establish the biological and clinical role of SLC7A5 in breast cancer, further investigation using different breast cancer subgroups is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Törnroos
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Tina
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Göthlin Eremo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
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22
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Liu YH, Li YL, Shen HT, Chien PJ, Sheu GT, Wang BY, Chang WW. L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 Regulates Cancer Stemness and the Expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010955. [PMID: 34681614 PMCID: PMC8537563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a membranous transporter that transports neutral amino acids for cells and is dysregulated in various types of cancer. Here, we first observed increased LAT1 expression in pemetrexed-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with high cancer stem cell (CSC) activity, and its mRNA expression level was associated with shorter overall survival in the lung adenocarcinoma dataset of the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The inhibition of LAT1 by a small molecule inhibitor, JPH203, or by RNA interference led to a significant reduction in tumorsphere formation and the downregulation of several cancer stemness genes in NSCLC cells through decreased AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. The treatment of the cell-permeable leucine derivative promoted AKT/mTOR phosphorylation and reversed the inhibitory effect of JPH203 in the reduction of CSC activity in pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we observed that LAT1 silencing caused the downregulation of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) on lung cancer cells. The PD-L1+/LAT1+ subpopulation of NSCLC cells displayed great CSC activity with increased expression of several cancer stemness genes. These data suggest that LAT1 inhibitors can serve as anti-CSC agents and could be used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-T.S.)
| | - Yu-Ling Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-L.L.); (P.-J.C.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135 Nanhsiao Str., Changhua City 50006, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Shen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-T.S.)
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-L.L.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135 Nanhsiao Str., Changhua City 50006, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.W.); (W.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-(4)-7238595 (B.-Y.W.); +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12305) (W.-W.C.)
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-L.L.); (P.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.W.); (W.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-(4)-7238595 (B.-Y.W.); +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12305) (W.-W.C.)
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Bo T, Kobayashi S, Inanami O, Fujii J, Nakajima O, Ito T, Yasui H. LAT1 inhibitor JPH203 sensitizes cancer cells to radiation by enhancing radiation-induced cellular senescence. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101212. [PMID: 34461558 PMCID: PMC8405945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-irradiation increased cellular neutral amino acid uptake via LAT1. JPH203 inhibited the radiation-induced increase in neutral amino acid uptake. JPH203 significantly sensitized cancer cells to radiation. JPH203 downregulated mTOR activity after irradiation. JPH203 enhanced cellular senescence after irradiation.
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is important for transporting neutral amino acids into cells. LAT1 expression is correlated with cancer malignancy, suggesting that LAT1 is a promising target for cancer therapy. JPH203, a potential novel drug targeting LAT1, has been shown to suppress tumor growth in various cancer cell lines. However, a combination study of JPH203 and radiation therapy has not been reported. Here, we examined the effects of JPH203 on radiosensitivity after irradiation in A549 and MIA Paca-2 cells. We showed that X-irradiation increased cellular neutral amino acid uptake via LAT1 in both cell lines. JPH203 inhibited the radiation-induced increase in neutral amino acid uptake. We demonstrated that JPH203, at minimally toxic concentrations, significantly sensitized cancer cells to radiation. JPH203 significantly downregulated mTOR activity and enhanced cellular senescence post-irradiation without reducing ATP and GSH levels. These results indicate that LAT1 inhibition by JPH203 sensitizes cancer cells to radiation by enhancing cellular senescence via mTOR downregulation. Thus, JPH203 may be a potent anti-cancer drug in combination with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Bo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsunekata Ito
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Targeting Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming via L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) for Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174375. [PMID: 34503187 PMCID: PMC8431153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been well known to interact with the estrogen receptor (ER)-pathway and to be also frequently upregulated in aromatase inhibitor (AI)-resistant breast cancer patients. Intracellular levels of free amino acids, especially leucine, regulate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. L-type amino acid transporters such as LAT1 and LAT3 are associated with the uptake of essential amino acids. LAT1 expression could mediate leucine uptake, mTORC1 signaling, and cell proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we explored amino acid metabolism, including LAT1, in breast cancer and clarified the potential roles of LAT1 in the development of therapeutic resistance and the eventual clinical outcome of the patients. We evaluated LAT1 and LAT3 expression before and after neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NAH) and examined LAT1 function and expression in estrogen deprivation-resistant (EDR) breast carcinoma cell lines. Tumors tended to be in advanced stages in the cases whose LAT1 expression was high. LAT1 expression in the EDR cell lines was upregulated. JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, demonstrated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in EDR cells. Hormone therapy changed the tumor microenvironment and resulted in metabolic reprogramming through inducing LAT1 expression. LAT1 expression then mediated leucine uptake, enhanced mTORC1 signaling, and eventually resulted in AI resistance. Therefore, LAT1 could be the potential therapeutic target in AI-resistant breast cancer patients.
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25
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Saito Y, Soga T. Amino acid transporters as emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2958-2965. [PMID: 34091991 PMCID: PMC8353895 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are indispensable nutrients for both normal and cancer cells. Cancer cells are unable to synthesize essential amino acids as well as some non‐essential amino acids adequately to support rapid proliferation, and must take up amino acids from the surroundings. To meet the increased demand for the amino acid needed for proliferation, high levels of amino acid transporters are expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Cancer cells utilize amino acids to synthesize proteins and nucleotides, as well as to obtain energy. In addition, amino acids are known to play pathological roles in cancer cells. Interestingly, breast cancer cells limit the use of amino acids for cell proliferation based on amino acid availability, which depends on estrogen receptor status. Here, we present a summarized literature review of novel amino acid functions in cancer cells. This review organizes the available knowledge on 2 amino acid transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC7A11, which are considered essential for breast cancer cell growth in a cell‐dependent manner. In particular, we propose the glutamine recycling model to clarify the mechanism underlying aberrant SLC7A5 activation. Finally, we overview the pathological significances of SLC7A5 and SLC7A11 in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Saito
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
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26
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Determination of amino acids in human biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: critical review. Amino Acids 2021; 53:993-1009. [PMID: 34028614 PMCID: PMC8241665 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The quantitation and qualification of amino acids are most commonly used in clinical and epidemiological studies, and provide an excellent way of monitoring compounds in human fluids which have not been monitored previously, to prevent some diseases. Because of this, it is not surprising that scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC analytics on the basis of publications from the last few years. It helps to update and systematize knowledge in this area. Particular attention is paid to the progress of analytical methods, pointing out the advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques used for the preparation, separation and determination of amino acids. Depending on the type of sample, the preparation conditions for HPLC analysis change. For this reason, the review has focused on three types of samples, namely urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Despite time-consuming sample preparation before HPLC analysis, an additional derivatization technique should be used, depending on the detection technique used. There are proposals for columns that are specially modified for amino acid separation without derivatization, but the limit of detection of the substance is less beneficial. In view of the fact that amino acid analyses have been performed for years and new solutions may generate increased costs, it may turn out that older proposals are much more advantageous.
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27
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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