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Lopez Carrasco I, Cuniberti G, Opitz J, Beshchasna N. Evaluation of Transducer Elements Based on Different Material Configurations for Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:341. [PMID: 39056617 PMCID: PMC11274616 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The selection of an appropriate transducer is a key element in biosensor development. Currently, a wide variety of substrates and working electrode materials utilizing different fabrication techniques are used in the field of biosensors. In the frame of this study, the following three specific material configurations with gold-finish layers were investigated regarding their efficacy to be used as electrochemical (EC) biosensors: (I) a silicone-based sensor substrate with a layer configuration of 50 nm SiO/50 nm SiN/100 nm Au/30-50 nm WTi/140 nm SiO/bulk Si); (II) polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) with a gold inkjet-printed layer; and (III) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a screen-printed gold layer. Electrodes were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to evaluate their performance as electrochemical transducers in an aptamer-based biosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I using the redox molecule hexacyanoferrade/hexacyaniferrade (K3[Fe (CN)6]/K4[Fe (CN)6]. Baseline signals were obtained from clean electrodes after a specific cleaning procedure and after functionalization with the thiolate cardiac troponin I aptamers "Tro4" and "Tro6". With the goal of improving the PEN-based and PET-based performance, sintered PEN-based samples and PET-based samples with a carbon or silver layer under the gold were studied. The effect of a high number of immobilized aptamers will be tested in further work using the PEN-based sample. In this study, the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), anodic peak height (Ipa), cathodic peak height (Ipc) and peak separation (∆E) were determined. The PEN-based electrodes demonstrated better biosensor properties such as lower initial Rct values, a greater change in Rct after the immobilization of the Tro4 aptamer on its surface, higher Ipc and Ipa values and lower ∆E, which correlated with a higher number of immobilized aptamers compared with the other two types of samples functionalized using the same procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lopez Carrasco
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (I.L.C.); (J.O.)
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Jörg Opitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (I.L.C.); (J.O.)
| | - Natalia Beshchasna
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (I.L.C.); (J.O.)
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Ibrahim N, Gan KB, Mohd Yusof NY, Goh CT, Krupa B N, Tan LL. Electrochemical genosensor based on RNA-responsive human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA: A proof-of-concept with SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Talanta 2024; 274:125916. [PMID: 38547835 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In this report, a facile and label-free electrochemical RNA biosensor is developed by exploiting methylene blue (MB) as an electroactive positive ligand of G-quadruplex. The electrochemical response mechanism of the nucleic acid assay was based on the change in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal of adsorbed MB on the immobilized human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA with a loop that is complementary to the target RNA. Hybridization between synthetic positive control RNA and G-quadruplex DNA probe on the transducer platform rendered a conformational change of G-quadruplex to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and increased the redox current of cationic MB π planar ligand at the sensing interface, thereby the electrochemical signal of the MB-adsorbed duplex is proportional to the concentration of target RNA, with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) RNA as the model. Under optimal conditions, the target RNA can be detected in a linear range from 1 zM to 1 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) obtained at 0.59 zM for synthetic target RNA and as low as 1.4 copy number for positive control plasmid. This genosensor exhibited high selectivity towards SARS-CoV-2 RNA over other RNA nucleotides, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The electrochemical RNA biosensor showed DPV signal, which was proportional to the 2019-nCoV_N_positive control plasmid from 2 to 200000 copies (R2 = 0.978). A good correlation between the genosensor and qRT-PCR gold standard was attained for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in terms of viral copy number in clinical samples from upper respiratory specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Ibrahim
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kok Beng Gan
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Choo Ta Goh
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Niranjana Krupa B
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PES University, Bengaluru-85, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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3
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Torres do Couto MT, Galdino da Silva Júnior A, Pereira Dos Santos Avelino KY, Vega Gonzales Gil LH, Cordeiro MT, Lima de Oliveira MD, Souza de Andrade CA. Development of optical and electrochemical immunodevices for dengue virus detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3539-3550. [PMID: 38780022 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent global arbovirus, exhibiting a high worldwide incidence with intensified severity of symptoms and alarming mortality rates. Faced with the limitations of diagnostic methods, an optical and electrochemical biosystem was developed for the detection of DENV genotypes 1 and 2, using cysteine (Cys), cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots, and anti-DENV antibodies. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize the immunosensor. The AFM and SPR results demonstrated discernible topographic and angular changes confirming the biomolecular recognition. Different concentrations of DENV-1 and DENV-2 were evaluated (0.05 × 106 to 2.0 × 106 PFU mL-1), resulting in a maximum anodic shift (ΔI%) of 263.67% ± 12.54 for DENV-1 and 63.36% ± 3.68 for DENV-2. The detection strategies exhibited a linear response to the increase in viral concentration. Excellent linear correlations, with R2 values of 0.95391 for DENV-1 and 0.97773 for DENV-2, were obtained across a broad concentration range. Data analysis demonstrated high reproducibility, displaying relative standard deviation values of 3.42% and 3.62% for Cys-CdTe-antibodyDENV-1-BSA and Cys-CdTe-antibodyDENV-2-BSA systems. The detection limits were 0.34 × 106 PFU mL-1 and 0.02 × 106 PFU mL-1, while the quantification limits were set at 1.49 × 106 PFU mL-1 and 0.06 × 106 PFU mL-1 for DENV-1 and DENV-2, respectively. Therefore, the biosensing apparatus demonstrates analytical effectiveness in viral screening and can be considered an innovative solution for early dengue diagnosis, contributing to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tereza Torres do Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Galdino da Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Karen Yasmim Pereira Dos Santos Avelino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 50050-410 Recife, PE, Brazil
- OX-NANO Tecnologia, Porto Digital, 50030-140 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marli Tenório Cordeiro
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-Fiocruz, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Danielly Lima de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
- OX-NANO Tecnologia, Porto Digital, 50030-140 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Souza de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
- OX-NANO Tecnologia, Porto Digital, 50030-140 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Sankar K, Kuzmanović U, Schaus SE, Galagan JE, Grinstaff MW. Strategy, Design, and Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors: A Tutorial. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2254-2274. [PMID: 38636962 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Advanced healthcare requires novel technologies capable of real-time sensing to monitor acute and long-term health. The challenge relies on converting a real-time quantitative biological and chemical signal into a desired measurable output. Given the success in detecting glucose and the commercialization of glucometers, electrochemical biosensors continue to be a mainstay of academic and industrial research activities. Despite the wealth of literature on electrochemical biosensors, reports are often specific to a particular application (e.g., pathogens, cancer markers, glucose, etc.), and most fail to convey the underlying strategy and design, and if it is transferable to detection of a different analyte. Here we present a tutorial review for those entering this research area that summarizes the basic electrochemical techniques utilized as well as discusses the designs and optimization strategies employed to improve sensitivity and maximize signal output.
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Tarasov SE, Plekhanova YV, Bykov AG, Kadison KV, Medvedeva AS, Reshetilov AN, Arlyapov VA. Novel Conductive Polymer Composite PEDOT:PSS/Bovine Serum Albumin for Microbial Bioelectrochemical Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:905. [PMID: 38339622 PMCID: PMC10857495 DOI: 10.3390/s24030905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel conductive composite based on PEDOT:PSS, BSA, and Nafion for effective immobilization of acetic acid bacteria on graphite electrodes as part of biosensors and microbial fuel cells has been proposed. It is shown that individual components in the composite do not have a significant negative effect on the catalytic activity of microorganisms during prolonged contact. The values of heterogeneous electron transport constants in the presence of two types of water-soluble mediators were calculated. The use of the composite as part of a microbial biosensor resulted in an electrode operating for more than 140 days. Additional modification of carbon electrodes with nanomaterial allowed to increase the sensitivity to glucose from 1.48 to 2.81 μA × mM-1 × cm-2 without affecting the affinity of bacterial enzyme complexes to the substrate. Cells in the presented composite, as part of a microbial fuel cell based on electrodes from thermally expanded graphite, retained the ability to generate electricity for more than 120 days using glucose solution as well as vegetable extract solutions as carbon sources. The obtained data expand the understanding of the composition of possible matrices for the immobilization of Gluconobacter bacteria and may be useful in the development of biosensors and biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei E. Tarasov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Yulia V. Plekhanova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Aleksandr G. Bykov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Konstantin V. Kadison
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia; (K.V.K.)
| | - Anastasia S. Medvedeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia; (K.V.K.)
| | - Anatoly N. Reshetilov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prosp. Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (S.E.T.); (Y.V.P.); (A.G.B.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia; (K.V.K.)
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6
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Franchin L, Bonaldo S. Multiphysics Modeling of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Responses of SAM-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:858. [PMID: 38339575 PMCID: PMC10857386 DOI: 10.3390/s24030858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present a multiphysics modeling approach capable of simulating electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with self-assembled monolayers of 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). Commercially available gold SPEs are electrochemically characterized through experimental cyclic voltammetry and EIS measurements with 10 mM [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple in phosphate buffered saline before and after the surface immobilization of MUA at different concentrations. We design the multiphysics model through COMSOL Multiphysics® based on the 3D geometry of the devices under test. The model includes four different physics considering the metal/solution interface electrochemical phenomena, the ion and electron potentials and currents, and the measurement set-up. The model is calibrated through a set of experimental measurements, allowing the tuning of the parameters used by the model. We use the calibrated model to simulate the EIS response of MUA-modified SPEs, comparing the results with experimental data. The simulations fit the experimental curves well, following the variation of MUA concentration on the surface from 1 µM to 100 µM. The EIS parameters, retrieved through a CPE-modified Randles' circuit, confirm the consistency with the experimental data. Notably, the simulated surface coverage estimates and the variation of charge transfer resistance due to MUA-immobilization are well matched with their experimental counterparts, reporting only a 2% difference and being consistent with the experimental electrochemical behavior of the SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Franchin
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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7
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Wang X, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Vafaei S, Ahmadi L, Iqbal A, Alreda BA, Talib Al-Naqeeb BZ, Kheradjoo H. Synthesis and electrochemical study of enzymatic graphene oxide-based nanocomposite as stable biosensor for determination of bevacizumab as a medicine in colorectal cancer in human serum and wastewater fluids. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139012. [PMID: 37224975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work's goal was the fabrication of a graphene oxide-based nanocomposite biosensor for the determination of bevacizumab (BVZ) as a medicine for colorectal cancer in human serum and wastewater fluids. For the fabrication electrode, graphene oxide was electrodeposited on GCE (GO/GCE), and then DNA and monoclonal anti-bevacizumab antibodies were immobilized on the GO/GCE surface, respectively (Ab/DNA/GO/GCE). Structural characterization using XRD, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the binding of DNA to GO nanosheets and the interaction of Ab with the DNA/GO array. Electrochemical characterization of Ab/DNA/GO/GCE using CV and DPV indicated immobilization of antibodies on DNA/GO/GCE and sensitive and selective behavior of modified electrodes for determination of BVZ. The linear range was obtained 10-1100 μg/mL, and the sensitivity and detection limit values were determined to be 0.14575 μA/μg.mL-1 and 0.02 μg/mL, respectively. To verify the applicability of the planned sensor for determination of BVZ in human serum and wastewater fluid specimens, the outcomes of DPV measurements using Ab, DNA, GO, and GCE and the results of the Bevacizumab ELISA Kit for determination of BVZ in prepared real specimens showed good conformity between the outcomes of both analyses. Moreover, the proposed sensor showed considerable assay precision with recoveries ranging from 96.00% to 98.90% and acceptable relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5.11%, illustrating sufficiently good sensor accuracy and validity in the determination of BVZ in prepared real specimens of human serum and wastewater fluids. These outcomes demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed BVZ sensor in clinical and environmental assay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University City College, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | | | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecularf Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Baraa Abd Alreda
- Department of Medical Physics, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
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8
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Pellé J, Longo M, Le Poul N, Hellio C, Rioual S, Lescop B. Electrochemical monitoring of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and the formation of a biofilm in TSB media. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108344. [PMID: 36509018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and sensing microbial biofilm formation onto surfaces remains highly challenging for preventing corrosion and biofouling processes. For that purpose, we have thoroughly investigated biofilm formation onto glassy carbon electrode surfaces by using electrochemical technics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied because of its remarkable ability to form biofilms in many environments. The modification of the electrode-solution interface during biofilm growth was monitored by in-situ measurement of the open-circuit potential and correlated with results obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and bioassays. The sensing of the biofilm formation hence suggests a multi-steps mechanism, which may include pre-formation of an insulating layer onto the surface prior to the bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pellé
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - M Longo
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France; Univ Brest, BIODIMAR/LEMAR, CNRS, UMR 6539, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - N Le Poul
- Univ Brest, CEMCA, CNRS, UMR 6521, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - C Hellio
- Univ Brest, BIODIMAR/LEMAR, CNRS, UMR 6539, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - S Rioual
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - B Lescop
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, F-29200 Brest, France
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9
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Fathi F, Sueoka B, Zhao F, Zeng X. Nitrogen-Doped 4H Silicon Carbide Single-Crystal Electrode for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4855-4862. [PMID: 36893723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we designed, fabricated, and characterized the first nitrogen (N)-doped single-crystalline 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) electrode for sensing the neurotransmitter dopamine. This N-doped 4H-SiC electrode showed good selectivity for redox reactions of dopamine in comparison with uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), and common cationic ([Ru(NH3)6]3+), anionic ([Fe(CN)6]3-), and organic (methylene blue) redox molecules. The mechanisms of this unique selectivity are rationalized by the unique negative Si valency and adsorption properties of the analytes on the N-doped 4H-SiC surface. Quantitative electrochemical detection of dopamine by the 4H-SiC electrode was achieved in the linear range from 50 nM to 10 μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM and a sensitivity of 3.2 nA.μM-1 in a pH = 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. In addition, the N-doped 4H-SiC electrode demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability. This work forms the foundation for developing 4H-SiC as the next-generation robust and biocompatible neurointerface material for a broad range of applications such as the in vivo sensing of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fathi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Brandon Sueoka
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Micro/Nanoelectronics and Energy Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686, United States
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
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Cardoso AG, Viltres H, Ortega GA, Phung V, Grewal R, Mozaffari H, Ahmed SR, Rajabzadeh AR, Srinivasan S. Electrochemical sensing of analytes in saliva: Challenges, progress, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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11
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Skorjanc T, Mavrič A, Sørensen MN, Mali G, Wu C, Valant M. Cationic Covalent Organic Polymer Thin Film for Label-free Electrochemical Bacterial Cell Detection. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2743-2749. [PMID: 36053557 PMCID: PMC9513792 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous species of bacteria pose a serious threat to human health and cause several million deaths annually. It is therefore essential to have quick, efficient, and easily operable methods of bacterial cell detection. Herein, we synthesize a novel cationic covalent organic polymer (COP) named CATN through the Menshutkin reaction and evaluate its potential as an impedance sensor for Escherichia coli cells. On account of its positive surface charge (ζ-potential = +21.0 mV) and pyridinium moieties, CATN is expected to interact favorably with bacteria that possess a negatively charged cell surface through electrostatic interactions. The interdigitated electrode arrays were coated with CATN using a simple yet non-traditional method of electrophoresis and then used in two-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The impedance response showed a linear relationship with the increasing concentration of E. coli. The system was sensitive to bacterial concentrations as low as ∼30 CFU mL-1, which is far below the concentration considered to cause illnesses. The calculated limit of detection was as low as 2 CFU mL-1. This work is a rare example of a COP used in this type of bacteria sensing and is anticipated to stimulate further interest in the synthesis of organic polymers for EIS-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Skorjanc
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Nova
Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Mavrič
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Nova
Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia
| | - Mads Nybo Sørensen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregor Mali
- NMR
Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark,
| | - Matjaz Valant
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Nova
Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia,
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Cui Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Lu J, He J, Liu L, Liu W. Stimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Depression Prediction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2220. [PMID: 36140321 PMCID: PMC9496557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva cortisol is considered to be a biomarker of depression prediction. However, saliva collection methods can affect the saliva cortisol level. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the ideal saliva collection method and explore the application value of saliva cortisol in depression prediction. METHODS 30 depressed patients and 30 healthy controls were instructed to collect saliva samples in the morning with six collection methods. Simultaneous venous blood was collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the cortisol level. The 24-observerrated Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depression. RESULTS The significant differences in saliva cortisol levels depend on the saliva collection methods. The level of unstimulated whole saliva cortisol was most correlated with blood (r = 0.91). The stimulated parotid saliva cortisol can better predict depression. The area under the curve was 0.89. In addition, the saliva cortisol level of the depression patients was significantly higher than the healthy controls. The correlation between the cortisol level and the HAMD-24 score was highly significant. The higher the saliva cortisol level, the higher the HAMD-24 score. CONCLUSIONS All the above findings point to an exciting opportunity for non-invasive monitoring of cortisol through saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cui
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hankun Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Song Wang
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Junzhe Lu
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jinmei He
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Chen X, Teng W, Fan J, Chen Y, Ma Q, Xue Y, Zhang C, Zhang WX. Enhanced degradation of micropollutants over iron-based electro-Fenton catalyst: Cobalt as an electron modulator in mesochannels and mechanism insight. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127896. [PMID: 34862103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) process is an emerging alternative for effective oxidation of recalcitrant micropollutants, but it is hampered by limited hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation and low stability on the iron-based cathodes. Herein, we demonstrate an enhanced hetero-EF performance via modulation of iron electronic structure in an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC). By tuning the cobalt incorporation, the highly-dispersed iron-cobalt (FeCo) nanoalloys in mesochannels (Fe0.5Co0.5@OMC) show a 3-fold increase in •OH yield compared with Fe@OMC, achieving degradation efficiency with 92% of sulfamethazine (SMT) and 99% of rhodamine B (RhB), and the corresponding total organic carbon (TOC) removal with 66% of SMT and 85% of RhB within 2 h in neutral pH, respectively. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that iron incorporated with cobalt reduces energy barrier for facile generation of H2O2 and •OH from O2 through direct electron transfer, along with decreased overpotential. Meanwhile, cobalt doping promotes H2O2 decomposition by accelerated Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle and Co(II)/Co(III) redox. Furthermore, spatially confined and half-embedded structure endows the nanocatalyst (8 nm) excellent durability within a wide pH value range and good stability in cycle tests. A plausible reaction mechanism and degradation pathway for SMT are proposed. Moreover, the superiority of Fe0.5Co0.5@OMC cathode is maintained in simulated wastewater, suggesting an enormous potential in practical wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yinghao Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Cui Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Liao Z, Wang S, Liu W. Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074122. [PMID: 35409805 PMCID: PMC8999001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Saliva has been studied as a better indicator of disorders and diseases than blood. Specifically, the salivary glucose level is considered to be an indicator of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, saliva collection methods can affect the salivary glucose level, thereby affecting the correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose. Therefore, this study aims to identify an ideal saliva collection method and to use this method to determine the population and individual correlations between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in DM patients and healthy controls. Finally, an analysis of the stability of the individual correlations is conducted. Methods: This study included 40 age-matched DM patients and 40 healthy controls. In the fasting state, saliva was collected using six saliva collection methods, venous blood was collected simultaneously from each study participant, and both samples were analyzed at the same time using glucose oxidase peroxidase. A total of 20 DM patients and 20 healthy controls were arbitrarily selected from the above participants for one week of daily testing. The correlations between salivary glucose and blood glucose before and after breakfast were analyzed. Finally, 10 DM patients and 10 healthy controls were arbitrarily selected for one month of daily testing to analyze the stability of individual correlations. Results: Salivary glucose levels were higher in DM patients than healthy controls for the six saliva collection methods. Compared with unstimulated saliva, stimulated saliva had decreased glucose level and increased salivary flow. In addition, unstimulated parotid salivary glucose was most correlated with blood glucose level (R2 = 0.9153), and the ROC curve area was 0.9316, which could accurately distinguish DM patients. Finally, it was found that the correlations between salivary glucose and blood glucose in different DM patients were quite different. The average correlation before breakfast was 0.83, and the average correlation after breakfast was 0.77. The coefficient of variation of the correlation coefficient before breakfast within 1 month was less than 5%. Conclusion: Unstimulated parotid salivary glucose level is the highest and is most correlated with blood glucose level, which can be accurately used to distinguish DM patients. Meanwhile, the correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose was found to be relatively high and stable before breakfast. In general, the unstimulated parotid salivary glucose before breakfast presents an ideal saliva collecting method with which to replace blood-glucose use to detect DM, which provides a reference for the prediction of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cui
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Hankun Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Jia Zhu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Zhenhua Liao
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Song Wang
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0755-26558633 (S.W.); +86-0755-26551376 (W.L.)
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0755-26558633 (S.W.); +86-0755-26551376 (W.L.)
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15
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Somani A, Sander W. Reaction of electrons trapped in cryogenic matrices with benzophenone. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Somani
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
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16
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Lorenzen AL, dos Santos AM, dos Santos LP, da Silva Pinto L, Conceição FR, Wolfart F. PEDOT-AuNPs-based impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Electrochim Acta 2022; 404:139757. [PMID: 34955549 PMCID: PMC8684030 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are useful techniques for fast, inexpensive, sensitive, and easy detection of innumerous specimen. In face of COVID-19 pandemic, it became evident the necessity of a rapid and accurate diagnostic test, so the impedimetric immunosensor approach can be a good alternative to replace the conventional tests due to the specific antibody-antigen binding interaction and the fast response in comparison to traditional methods. In this work, a modified electrode with electrosynthesized PEDOT and gold nanoparticles followed by the immobilization of truncated nucleoprotein (N aa160-406aa) was used for a fast and reliable detection of antibodies against COVID-19 in human serum sample. The method consists in analyzing the charge-transfer resistance (RCT) variation before and after the modified electrode comes into contact with the positive and negative serum sample for COVID-19, using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a probe. The results show a linear and selective response for serum samples diluted in a range of 2.5 × 103 to 20 × 103. Also, the electrode material was fully characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS, indicating that the gold nanoparticles were well distributed around the polymer matrix and the presence of the biological sample was confirmed by EDS analysis. EIS measurements allowed to differentiate the negative and positive samples by the difference in the RCT magnitude, proving that the material developed here has potential properties to be applied in impedimetric immunosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in about 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Lorenzen
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus São Borja, Rua Otaviano Castilho Mendes, 355, Betim, São Borja, RS CEP 97670-000, Brazil
| | - Ariane Moraes dos Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus São Borja, Rua Otaviano Castilho Mendes, 355, Betim, São Borja, RS CEP 97670-000, Brazil
| | - Luâni Poll dos Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus São Borja, Rua Otaviano Castilho Mendes, 355, Betim, São Borja, RS CEP 97670-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia – Campus Capão do Leão, S/N, Capão do Leão, RS CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia – Campus Capão do Leão, S/N, Capão do Leão, RS CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Franciele Wolfart
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus São Borja, Rua Otaviano Castilho Mendes, 355, Betim, São Borja, RS CEP 97670-000, Brazil,Corresponding author
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17
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Partanen K, Pei Y, Hillen P, Hassan M, McEleney K, Schatte G, Payne SJ, Oleschuk R, She Z. Investigating electrochemical deposition of gold on commercial off-the-shelf 3-D printing materials towards developing sensing applications †. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33440-33448. [PMID: 36425202 PMCID: PMC9679451 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the inaccessibility of quick and affordable clinical diagnostics. This led to increased interest in creating low-cost portable electrochemical (EC) devices for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. One important perspective is to develop new fabrication methods for functional and low-cost electrode chips. Techniques, such as electron beam and photolithography, allow precise and high-resolution electrode fabrication; however, they are costly and can be time-consuming. More recently, fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3-D) printing is being used as an alternative fabrication technique due to the low-cost of the printer and rapid prototyping capability. In this study, we explore enhancing the conductivity of 3-D printed working electrodes with EC gold deposition. Two commercial conductive filament brands were used and investigated to fabricate electrode chips. Furthermore, strategies to apply epoxy glue and conductive silver paint were investigated to control the electrode surface area and ensure good electrical connection. This device enables detection at drinking water concentration thresholds. The practical application of the fabricated electrodes is demonstrated by detecting Cu2+ using anodic stripping voltammetry. Customized electrodes were made with 3-D printing and gold electrochemical reduction towards analytical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Partanen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada,Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's UniversityEllis HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Phillip Hillen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Malek Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Kevin McEleney
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Gabriele Schatte
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Sarah Jane Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada,Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's UniversityEllis HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Richard Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Zhe She
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
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Mahanta A, Barman K, Akond US, Jasimuddin S. Electrode surface embedded manganese( iii)–pincer complexes: efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly stable and robust gold electrode surface anchored Mn(iii)–pincer complex exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction at a low overpotential with a medium Tafel slope under neutral pH condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Umme Solaem Akond
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India
| | - Sk Jasimuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India
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19
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AL-Refai HH, Ganash AA, Hussein MA. Polythiophene-based MWCNTCOOH@RGO nanocomposites as a modified glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical detection of Hg(II) ions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Use of PEDOT:PSS/Graphene/Nafion Composite in Biosensors Based on Acetic Acid Bacteria. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090332. [PMID: 34562922 PMCID: PMC8467571 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of the biocomponent is one of the most important stages in the development of microbial biosensors. In this study, we examined the electrochemical properties of a novel PEDOT:PSS/graphene/Nafion composite used to immobilize Gluconobacter oxydans bacterial cells on the surface of a graphite screen-printed electrode. Bioelectrode responses to glucose in the presence of a redox mediator 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol were studied. The presence of graphene in the composite reduced the negative effect of PEDOT:PSS on cells and improved its conductivity. The use of Nafion enabled maintaining the activity of acetic acid bacteria at the original level for 120 days. The sensitivity of the bioelectrode based on G. oxydans/PEDOT:PSS/graphene/Nafion composite was shown to be 22 μA × mM−1 × cm−2 within the linear range of glucose concentrations. The developed composite can be used both in designing bioelectrochemical microbial devices and in biotechnology productions for long-term immobilization of microorganisms.
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