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Nierath WF, Leitner E, Reimann S, Schwarz R, Hinz B, Bleich A, Vollmar B, Zechner D. GSK805 inhibits alpha-smooth muscle expression and modulates liver inflammation without impairing the well-being of mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23889. [PMID: 39157975 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400733r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), lead to inflammation and severe hepatic damage with limited therapeutic options. This study assessed the efficacy of the inverse RORγt agonist, GSK805, both in vitro using the hepatic stellate cell-line LX-2 and in vivo using male bile duct-ligated BALB/c mice. In vitro, 0.3 μM GSK805 reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in LX-2 cells. In vivo, GSK805 significantly decreased IL-23R, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression in cholestatic liver. Despite high concentrations of GSK805 in the liver, no significant reduction in fibrosis was noticed. GSK805 significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood, while levels of glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were not substantially increased. Importantly, GSK805 did neither increase an animal distress score nor substantially reduce body weight, burrowing activity, or nesting behavior. These results suggest that a high liver concentration of GSK805 is achieved by daily oral administration and that this drug modulates inflammation in cholestatic mice without impairing animal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke-Felicitas Nierath
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emily Leitner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reimann
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Yanping H, Ting G, Xinzhu Z, Yaya L, Yuna Z, Qing L, Xueli M, Jing C. Yinxie I Formula attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation via IL-23/IL-17 axis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:540. [PMID: 39158742 PMCID: PMC11333517 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is considered a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocytes hyperproliferation. The IL-23/IL-17 immune pathway has been substantiated in numerous studies to be closely associated with psoriasis progression. Yinxie I Formula is a traditional Chinese medicine made from 9 herbal medicines, which has excellent clinical efficacy in psoriasis. However, to date, the mechanism of action of Yinxie I Formula against psoriasis remains unknown. In this perspective, we discuss the efficacy of Yinxie I Formula in mice with imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis. Yinxie I Formula significantly reduced the area of skin lesions and the inflammatory response in mice with psoriasis. Furthermore, Yinxie I Formula alleviated the expression levels of inflammation-related genes IL-6, IL-17 A, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α and IL-23, IL-18, IL-6 and IL-1β-related proteins and alleviated the abnormal surge of dendritic cells, macrophages and T cells in the skin and spleen. Meanwhile we found that Yinxie I Formula reduced the release of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-23 in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell line. The results suggest that the therapeutic mechanism of Yinxie I Formula may also be correlated with the STAT signaling pathway. We further analyzed the active ingredient of Yinxie I Formula, Buddleoside, which may be the main substance that exerts the therapeutic effect. In conclusion, we have investigated that Yinxie I Formula attenuates the IMQ-induced inflammatory response in psoriasis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis, which lays the foundation for the antipsoriasis mechanism and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical promotion of Yinxie I Formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yanping
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Gao Ting
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Zhou Xinzhu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Lei Yaya
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Zhao Yuna
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Liu Qing
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Ma Xueli
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Chen Jing
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China.
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3
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Darlami O, Pun R, Ahn SH, Kim SH, Shin D. Macrocyclization strategy for improving candidate profiles in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116501. [PMID: 38754142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Macrocycles are defined as cyclic compounds with 12 or more members. In medicinal chemistry, they are categorized based on their core chemistry into cyclic peptides and macrocycles. Macrocycles are advantageous because of their structural diversity and ability to achieve high affinity and selectivity towards challenging targets that are often not addressable by conventional small molecules. The potential of macrocyclization to optimize drug-like properties while maintaining adequate bioavailability and permeability has been emphasized as a key innovation in medicinal chemistry. This review provides a detailed case study of the application of macrocyclization over the past 5 years, starting from the initial analysis of acyclic active compounds to optimization of the resulting macrocycles for improved efficacy and drug-like properties. Additionally, it illustrates the strategic value of macrocyclization in contemporary drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Darlami
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon, 21935, Republic of Korea
| | - Rabin Pun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon, 21935, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Gangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Gangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon, 21935, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Maeba T, Hirata K, Kotoku M, Seki N, Maeda K, Hirashima S, Yamanaka H, Sakai T, Obika S, Hori A, Hara Y, Noji S, Suwa Y, Yokota M, Fujioka S, Yamaguchi T, Katsuda Y, Hata T, Miyagawa N, Arita K, Nomura Y, Taniguchi T, Asahina K, Aratsu Y, Naka Y, Adachi T, Nomura A, Akai S, Oshida SI, Pai S, Crowe P, Bradley E, Steensma R, Tao H, Fenn M, Babine R, Li X, Thacher S, Soeta T, Ukaji Y, Shiozaki M. Discovery and SAR of JTE-151: A Novel RORγ Inhibitor for Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2024; 67:952-970. [PMID: 38170624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A number of RORγ inhibitors have been reported over the past decade. There were also several examples advancing to human clinical trials, however, none of them has reached the market yet, suggesting that there could be common obstacles for their future development. As was expected from the general homology of nuclear receptor ligands, insufficient selectivity as well as poor physicochemical properties were identified as potential risks for a RORγ program. Based on such considerations, we conducted a SAR investigation by prioritizing drug-like properties to mitigate such potential drawbacks. After an intensive SAR exploration with strong emphasis on "drug-likeness" indices, an orally available RORγ inhibitor, JTE-151, was finally generated and was advanced to a human clinical trial. The compound was confirmed to possess highly selective profiles along with good metabolic stability, and most beneficially, no serious adverse events (SAE) and good PK profiles were observed in the human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Maeba
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kotoku
- Akros Pharma Inc., Boston Office, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Noriyoshi Seki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maeda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirashima
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamanaka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Obika
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akimi Hori
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hara
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoru Noji
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suwa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokota
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujioka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Katsuda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyagawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kojo Arita
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Toshio Taniguchi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kota Asahina
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aratsu
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yuichi Naka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shota Akai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Oshida
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Yokohama Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sudhakar Pai
- Akros Pharma Inc., 302 Carnegie Center, Suite 300, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Bradley
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruo Steensma
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Morgan Fenn
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Babine
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiozaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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5
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Li J, Zhang J, Guo C, Lin P, Shen Q, Lin H, Zhang Y. Bibliometric analysis and description of research trends on T cells in psoriasis over the past two decades (2003-2022). Heliyon 2024; 10:e23542. [PMID: 38169994 PMCID: PMC10758876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is now understood that T cells play a key role in the occurrence and development of psoriasis. Herein, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to summarize the content and trends of T cell-related research in psoriasis. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted on publications pertaining to T cells in psoriasis between 2003 and 2022 retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database using tools such as CiteSpace, the Bibliometrix R package, and VOSviewer. Results The study included a total of 3595 articles authored by 14,188 individuals, including all coauthors in article bylines. The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology at Rockefeller University, led by James G Krueger, has made significant contributions to this field through focusing on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and exploring the potential of using biological agents to treat psoriasis. Furthermore, targeted inhibitors have significantly impacted the treatment of psoriasis, with researchers focusing on small-molecule targeted drugs as a new area of research that could potentially replace biological agents. Conclusions Research has established the efficacy and long-term safety of targeted inhibition of T cell-related targets. Deucravacitinib, a psoriasis treatment drug targeting TYK2 as an allosteric inhibitor, has attracted significant attention and raised high expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Li
- Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenqi Guo
- Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Lin
- Dermatology department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Dermatology department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
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6
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Wangen C, Raithel A, Tillmanns J, Gege C, Herrmann A, Vitt D, Kohlhof H, Marschall M, Hahn F. Validation of nuclear receptor RORγ isoform 1 as a novel host-directed antiviral target based on the modulation of cholesterol levels. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105769. [PMID: 38056603 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the clinically approved repertoire of antiviral drugs predominantly comprises direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, the use of DAAs is frequently limited by adverse effects, restriction to individual virus species, or the induction of viral drug resistance. These issues will likely be resolved by the introduction of host-directed antivirals (HDAs) targeting cellular proteins crucial for viral replication. However, experiences with the development of antiviral HDAs and clinical applications are still in their infancy. With the present study, we explored the human nuclear receptor and transcription factor RORγ isoform 1 (RORγ1), a member of the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) family, as a putative target of antiviral HDAs. To this end, cell culture models were used to investigate major viral human pathogens, i.e. the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Our results demonstrated (i) an antiviral activity of the clinically relevant RORγ modulators cedirogant and others, (ii) that isoform RORγ1 acts as the responsible determinant and drug target in the analyzed cell culture-based models, (iii) a selectivity of the antiviral effect for RORγ1 over related receptors RORα and RORβ, (iv) a late-phase inhibition exerted by cedirogant in HCMV replication and (v) a mechanistic link to the cellular cholesterol biosynthesis. Combined, the data highlight this novel RORγ-specific antiviral targeting concept and the developmental potential of RORγ-directed small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Raithel
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Tillmanns
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | - Alexandra Herrmann
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Immunic AG, Gräfelfing, Germany.
| | | | | | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Mortier C, Gracey E, Coudenys J, Manuello T, Decruy T, Maelegheer M, Stappers F, Gilis E, Gaublomme D, Van Hoorebeke L, Van Welden S, Ambler C, Hegen M, Symanowicz P, Steyn S, Berstein G, Elewaut D, Venken K. RORγt inhibition ameliorates IL-23 driven experimental psoriatic arthritis by predominantly modulating γδ-T cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3169-3178. [PMID: 36661300 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Divergent therapeutic outcomes on different disease domains have been noted with IL-23 and IL-17A-blockade in PsA. Therefore, elucidating the role of RORγt, the master regulator of type 17 immune responses, is of potential therapeutic interest. To this end, RORγt inhibition was assessed in combined skin, joint and gut inflammation in vivo, using a PsA model. METHODS We tested the efficacy of a RORγt antagonist in B10.RIII mice challenged with systemic overexpression of IL-23 by hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 enhanced episomal vector (IL-23 EEV). Clinical outcomes were evaluated by histopathology. Bone density and surface erosions were examined using micro-computed tomography. Cytokine production was measured in serum and by intracellular flow cytometry. Gene expression in PsA-related tissues was analysed by qPCR. RESULTS RORγt-blockade significantly ameliorated psoriasis, peripheral arthritis and colitis development in IL-23 EEV mice (improvement of clinical scores and weight loss respectively by 91.8%, 58.2% and 7.0%, P < 0.001), in line with profound suppression of an enhanced type IL-17 immune signature in PsA-affected tissues. Moreover, inflammation-induced bone loss and bone erosions were reduced (P < 0.05 in calcaneus, P < 0.01 in tibia). Sustained IL-23 overexpression resulted in only mild signs of sacroiliitis. Gamma-delta (γδ)-T cells, the dominant source of T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22, were expanded during IL-23 overexpression, and together with Th17 cells, clearly countered by RORγt inhibition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RORγt-blockade shows therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical PsA model with protection towards extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, reflected by a clear attenuation of type 17 cytokine responses by γδ-T cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Gracey
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teddy Manuello
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux Maelegheer
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore Stappers
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- IBD Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intestinal Barrier Signaling in Disease and Therapy, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Zeng J, Li M, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhao L, Wei S, Yang H, Zhao Y, Wang A, Shen J, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Wang F, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu X. Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt for Th17 regulation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:545-562. [PMID: 37440911 PMCID: PMC10334362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ligand-dependent transcription factor, retinoid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) that controls T helper (Th) 17 cell differentiation and interleukin (IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORγt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production. Several RORγt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORγt by binding to orthosteric- or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain. Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations. Therefore, in current review, the role of RORγt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted. Notably, the recently developed RORγt inhibitors were summarized, with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds, efficacy, toxicity, mechanisms of action, and clinical trials. The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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9
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Petrić M, Radić M. Is Th17-Targeted Therapy Effective in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4331-4343. [PMID: 37232744 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The proposed pathophysiological hypotheses of SLE are numerous, involving both innate and adaptive abnormal immune responses. SLE is characterized by the overproduction of different autoantibodies that form immune complexes, which cause damage in different organs. Current therapeutic modalities are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive. In the last decade, we have witnessed the development of many biologicals targeting different cytokines and other molecules. One of them is interleukin-17 (IL-17), a central cytokine of a proinflammatory process that is mediated by a group of helper T cells called Th17. Direct inhibitors of IL-17 are used in psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and other diseases. Evidence about the therapeutic potential of Th17-targeted therapies in SLE is scarce, and probably the most promising is related to lupus nephritis. As SLE is a complex heterogeneous disease with different cytokines involved in its pathogenesis, it is highly unlikely that inhibition of only one molecule, such as IL-17, will be effective in the treatment of all clinical manifestations. Future studies should identify SLE patients that are eligible for Th17-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Petrić
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Center of Excellence for Systemic Sclerosis Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Šoltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Radić
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Center of Excellence for Systemic Sclerosis Ministry of Health Republic of Croatia, Šoltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
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10
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Davydova A, Kurochkina Y, Goncharova V, Vorobyeva M, Korolev M. The Interleukine-17 Cytokine Family: Role in Development and Progression of Spondyloarthritis, Current and Potential Therapeutic Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1328. [PMID: 37238999 PMCID: PMC10216275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases with a predilection for the spinal and sacroiliac joints, which include axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, arthritis associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. The prevalence of SpA in the population varies from 0.5 to 2%, most commonly affecting young people. Spondyloarthritis pathogenesis is related to the hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-17A, IL-23, etc.). IL-17A plays a key role in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (inflammation maintenance, syndesmophites formation and radiographic progression, enthesites and anterior uveitis development, etc.). Targeted anti-IL17 therapies have established themselves as the most efficient therapies in SpA treatment. The present review summarizes literature data on the role of the IL-17 family in the pathogenesis of SpA and analyzes existing therapeutic strategies for IL-17 suppression with monoclonal antibodies and Janus kinase inhibitors. We also consider alternative targeted strategies, such as the use of other small-molecule inhibitors, therapeutic nucleic acids, or affibodies. We discuss advantages and pitfalls of these approaches and the future prospects of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Davydova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Yuliya Kurochkina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Veronika Goncharova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariya Vorobyeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Maksim Korolev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
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11
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Samarpita S, Li X. Leveraging Exosomes as the Next-Generation Bio-Shuttles: The Next Biggest Approach against Th17 Cell Catastrophe. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087647. [PMID: 37108809 PMCID: PMC10142210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the launch of clinical-grade exosomes is rising expeditiously, as they represent a new powerful approach for the delivery of advanced therapies and for diagnostic purposes for various diseases. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that can act as biological messengers between cells, in the context of health and disease. In comparison to several lab-based drug carriers, exosome exhibits high stability, accommodates diverse cargo loads, elicits low immunogenicity and toxicity, and therefore manifests tremendous perspectives in the development of therapeutics. The efforts made to spur exosomes in drugging the untreatable targets are encouraging. Currently, T helper (Th) 17 cells are considered the most prominent factor in the establishment of autoimmunity and several genetic disorders. Current reports have indicated the importance of targeting the development of Th17 cells and the secretion of its paracrine molecule, interleukin (IL)-17. However, the present-day targeted approaches exhibit drawbacks, such as high cost of production, rapid transformation, poor bioavailability, and importantly, causing opportunistic infections that ultimately hamper their clinical applications. To overcome this hurdle, the potential use of exosomes as vectors seem to be a promising approach for Th17 cell-targeted therapies. With this standpoint, this review discusses this new concept by providing a snapshot of exosome biogenesis, summarizes the current clinical trials of exosomes in several diseases, analyzes the prospect of exosomes as an established drug carrier and delineates the present challenges, with an emphasis on their practical applications in targeting Th17 cells in diseases. We further decode the possible future scope of exosome bioengineering for targeted drug delivery against Th17 cells and its catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Samarpita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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12
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Kadagothy H, Nene S, Amulya E, Vambhurkar G, Rajalakshmi AN, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Perspective insights of small molecules, phytoconstituents and biologics in the management of psoriasis: A focus on targeting major inflammatory cytokine pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175668. [PMID: 36958476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an enduring, pruritic and papulosquamous skin ailment that poses a significant burden on public health. It is mainly characterized by hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, parakeratosis, scaly and erythematous plaques. Biomarkers like interleukin-17, interleukin-12 and -23 and tumor necrosis factor-α serve as key drivers of psoriatic pathogenesis. Triggered release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from various up-regulated pathways leads to psoriatic inflammation. Several target moieties like biologics, small molecules and herbal moieties play a fundamental role in the repression of pathogenesis of psoriasis. Biologics and small molecules engaged in the management of psoriasis have been emphasized in detail. An insight into nano-carrier interventions on herbal moieties and clinical aspects of psoriasis are also highlighted. This review emphasizes various pathological targets involved in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Kadagothy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Shweta Nene
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Etikala Amulya
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - A N Rajalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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13
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Schnute ME, Trujillo JI, Lee KL, Unwalla R, Vajdos FF, Kauppi B, Nuhant P, Flick AC, Crouse KK, Zhao Y, Samuel A, Lombardo V, Taylor AP, Brault AL, Knafels JD, Vazquez ML, Berstein G. Macrocyclic Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor C2 Inverse Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:191-198. [PMID: 36793423 PMCID: PMC9923832 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C2 (RORC2) inverse agonists have been designed with favorable properties for topical administration. Inspired by the unanticipated bound conformation of an acyclic sulfonamide-based RORC2 ligand from cocrystal structure analysis, macrocyclic linker connections between the halves of the molecule were explored. Further optimization of analogues was accomplished to maximize potency and refine physiochemical properties (MW, lipophilicity) best suited for topical application. Compound 14 demonstrated potent inhibition of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production by human Th17 cells and in vitro permeation through healthy human skin achieving high total compound concentration in both skin epidermis and dermis layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Schnute
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Katherine L. Lee
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ray Unwalla
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Felix F. Vajdos
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Philippe Nuhant
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew C. Flick
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly K. Crouse
- Inflammation
and Immunology Research, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yajuan Zhao
- Inflammation
and Immunology Research, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amanda Samuel
- Drug
Product Design, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Vincent Lombardo
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Amy L. Brault
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John D. Knafels
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael L. Vazquez
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation
and Immunology Research, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Zhang J, Chen B, Zhang C, Sun N, Huang X, Wang W, Fu W. Modes of action insights from the crystallographic structures of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115039. [PMID: 36566711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RORγt plays an important role in mediating IL-17 production and some tumor cells. It has four functional domains, of which the ligand-binding domain (LBD) is responsible for binding agonists to recruit co-activators or inverse agonists to prevent co-activator recruiting the agonists. Thus, potent ligands targeting the LBD of this protein could provide novel treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this perspective, we summarized and discussed various modes of action (MOA) of RORγt-ligand binding structures. The ligands can bind with RORγt at either orthosteric site or the allosteric site, and the binding modes at these two sites are different for agonists and inverse agonist. At the orthosteric site, the binding of agonist is to stabilize the H479-Y502-F506 triplet interaction network of RORγt. The binding of inverse agonist features as these four apparent ways: (1) blocking the entrance of the agonist pocket in RORγt; (2) directly breaking the H479-Y502 pair interactions; (3) destabilizing the triplet H479-Y502-F506 interaction network through perturbing the conformation of the side chain in M358 at the bottom of the binding pocket; (4) and destabilizing the triplet H479-Y502-F506 through changing the conformation of the side chain of residue W317 side chain. At the allosteric site of RORγt, the binding of inverse agonist was found recently to inhibit the activation of protein by interacting directly with H12, which results in unfolding of helix 11' and orientation of H12 to directly block cofactor peptide binding. This overview of recent advances in the RORγt structures is expected to provide a guidance of designing more potent drugs to treat RORγt-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Nannan Sun
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Center for Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China.
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15
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Cao H, Diao J, Liu H, Liu S, Liu J, Yuan J, Lin J. The Pathogenicity and Synergistic Action of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:818-829. [PMID: 36166586 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are characterized by chronic idiopathic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, intestinal immune dysfunction has been considered as the core pathogenesis. In the intestinal immune system, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells are indispensable for intestine homeostasis via preventing pathogenic bacteria invasion, regulating metabolism and functions of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and promoting IEC self-renewal. However, during the development of IBD, Th1 and Th17 cells acquire the pathogenicity and change from the maintainer of intestinal homeostasis to the destroyer of intestinal mucosa. Because of coexpressing interferon-γ and interleukin-17A, Th17 cells with pathogenicity are named as pathogenic Th17 cells. In disease states, Th1 cells impair IEC programs by inducing IEC apoptosis, recruiting immune cells, promoting adhesion molecules expression of IECs, and differentiating to epithelial cell adhesion molecule-specific interferon γ-positive Th1 cells. Pathogenic Th17 cells induce IEC injury by triggering IBD susceptibility genes expression of IECs and specifically killing IECs. In addition, Th1 and pathogenic Th17 cells could cooperate to induce colitis. The evidences from IBD patients and animal models demonstrate that synergistic action of Th1 and pathogenic Th17 cells occurs in the diseases development and aggravates the mucosal inflammation. In this review, we focused on Th1 and Th17 cell programs in homeostasis and intestine inflammation and specifically discussed the impact of Th1 and Th17 cell pathogenicity and their synergistic action on the onset and the development of IBD. We hoped to provide some clues for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Diao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yueyang Hospital of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huosheng Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Jiading Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suxian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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An inhibitor of RORγ for chronic pulmonary obstructive disease treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8744. [PMID: 35610240 PMCID: PMC9130233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of RORγ as a transcription factor for Th17 cell differentiation and thereby regulation of IL-17 levels is well known. Increased RORγ expression along with IL-17A levels was observed in animal models, immune cells and BAL fluid of COPD patients. Increased IL-17A levels in severe COPD patients are positively correlated with decreased lung functions and increased severity symptoms and emphysema, supporting an urgency to develop novel therapies modulating IL-17 or RORγ for COPD treatment. We identified a potent RORγ inhibitor, PCCR-1 using hit to lead identification followed by extensive lead optimization by structure–activity relationship. PCCR-1 resulted in RORγ inhibition with a high degree of specificity in a biochemical assay, with > 300-fold selectivity over other isoforms of ROR. Our data suggest promising potency for IL-17A inhibition in human and canine PBMCs and mouse splenocytes with no significant impact on Th1 and Th2 cytokines. In vivo, PCCR-1 exhibited significant efficacy in the acute CS model with dose-dependent inhibition of the PD biomarkers that correlated well with the drug concentration in lung and BAL fluid, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. This inhibitor effectively inhibited IL-17A release in whole blood and BALf samples from COPD patients. Overall, we identified a selective inhibitor of RORγ to pursue further development of novel scaffolds for COPD treatment.
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17
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Wu H, Chen W, Deng W, Yang L, Li X, Hu Y, Li Y, Chen L, Huang Y. Cathodic Regioselective Coupling of Unactivated Aliphatic Ketones with Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1412-1417. [PMID: 35142220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective coupling of aliphatic ketones with alkenes has been realized by cathodic reduction. This reaction enables the formation of ketyl radicals and the activation of challenging alkenes under mild electrolysis conditions, providing an effective protocol for accessing diverse tertiary alcohols with substrate-dependent regioselectivity. The practicability of this reaction is demonstrated by scale-up experiments. The hydrogen source for the products, the migration isomerization of allylarenes, and the applicability of internal alkenes are demonstrated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Xinling Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
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18
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Xie Y, Abel PW, Casale TB, Tu Y. T H17 cells and corticosteroid insensitivity in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:467-479. [PMID: 34953791 PMCID: PMC8821175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is classically described as having either a type 2 (T2) eosinophilic phenotype or a non-T2 neutrophilic phenotype. T2 asthma usually responds to classical bronchodilation therapy and corticosteroid treatment. Non-T2 neutrophilic asthma is often more severe. Patients with non-T2 asthma or late-onset T2 asthma show poor response to the currently available anti-inflammatory therapies. These therapeutic failures result in increased morbidity and cost associated with asthma and pose a major health care problem. Recent evidence suggests that some non-T2 asthma is associated with elevated TH17 cell immune responses. TH17 cells producing Il-17A and IL-17F are involved in the neutrophilic inflammation and airway remodeling processes in severe asthma and have been suggested to contribute to the development of subsets of corticosteroid-insensitive asthma. This review explores the pathologic role of TH17 cells in corticosteroid insensitivity of severe asthma and potential targets to treat this endotype of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter W. Abel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Thomas B. Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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19
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Chen L, Su M, Jin Q, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Liao ZX. Discovery of N-(2-benzyl-4-oxochroman-7-yl)-2-(5-(ethylsulfonyl) pyridin-2-yl) acetamide (b12) as a potent, selective, and orally available novel retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inverse agonist. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105483. [PMID: 34906860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ, NR1F3, or RORc) exists in two isoforms, with one isoform (RORγ or RORc1) widely expressed in a variety of tissues, and the expression of the second isoform (RORγt or RORc2) restricted to the thymus and cells of the immune system. RORγt is a key regulator of the development and functions of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells. Clinical proof-of-concept (PoC) with small molecule inverse agonists of RORγt has been achieved with VTP-43742 (Phase II) for the treatment of psoriasis, and pre-clinical PoC for this mechanism has also been established for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A series of aryl sulfonyl derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists were designed and synthesized based on VTP-43742. We conducted structural modifications that improved the activity profile. In pharmacodynamic (PD) studies, oral administration of compound b12 showed robust and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6 and IL-17A cytokine expression. The ability of compound b12 to reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-17A in vivo after oral dosing in mice, and a corresponding reduction in skin inflammation further supports the potential of small molecule RORγt modulation as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Israa Assani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shen-Min Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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20
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Li Z, Liu T, He X, Bai C. The evolution paths of some reprehensive scaffolds of RORγt modulators, a perspective from medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113962. [PMID: 34776280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ligand binding domain (LBD) of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) has been exploited as a promising target for the new small molecule therapeutics to cure autoimmune diseases via modulating the IL-17 and IL-22 production by Th17 cells. Diverse chemical scaffolds of these small molecules have been discovered by multiple groups with methods such as high throughput screening (HTS) and virtual screening. These different scaffolds are further developed by medicinal chemists to afford lead compounds the best of which enter clinical trials. In this review, we summarize these chemical scaffolds and their evolution paths according to the groups in which they have been discovered or studied. We combine the data of the chemistry, biological assays and structural biology of each chemical scaffold, in order to afford insight to develop new RORγt modulators with higher potency, less toxicity and elucidated working mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xixin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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21
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Narjes F, Llinas A, von Berg S, Jirholt J, Lever S, Pehrson R, Collins M, Malmberg A, Svanberg P, Xue Y, Olsson RI, Malmberg J, Hughes G, Hossain N, Grindebacke H, Leffler A, Krutrök N, Bäck E, Ramnegård M, Lepistö M, Thunberg L, Aagaard A, McPheat J, Hansson EL, Chen R, Xiong Y, Hansson TG. AZD0284, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inverse Agonist of Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor C2. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13807-13829. [PMID: 34464130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverse agonists of the nuclear receptor RORC2 have been widely pursued as a potential treatment for a variety of autoimmune diseases. We have discovered a novel series of isoindoline-based inverse agonists of the nuclear receptor RORC2, derived from our recently disclosed RORC2 inverse agonist 2. Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies resulted in AZD0284 (20), which combined potent inhibition of IL-17A secretion from primary human TH17 cells with excellent metabolic stability and good PK in preclinical species. In two preclinical in vivo studies, compound 20 reduced thymocyte numbers in mice and showed dose-dependent reduction of IL-17A containing γδ-T cells and of IL-17A and IL-22 RNA in the imiquimod induced inflammation model. Based on these data and a favorable safety profile, 20 was progressed to phase 1 clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yafeng Xue
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Thunberg
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Anna Aagaard
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Jane McPheat
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Eva L Hansson
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
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