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Oliveira BM, Sidónio B, Correia A, Pinto A, Azevedo MM, Sampaio P, Ferreira PG, Vilanova M, Teixeira L. Cytokine production by bovine adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells upon Neospora caninum stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8444. [PMID: 38600105 PMCID: PMC11006870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In bovines few studies addressed the contribution of adipose tissue to the host immune response to infection. Here we evaluated the in vitro response of bovine adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells to the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, using live and freeze-killed tachyzoites. Live N. caninum induced the production of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 by SVF cells isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), while in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) SVF cell cultures only IL-1β and IL-10 production was increased, showing slight distinct responses between adipose tissue depots. Whereas a clear IL-8 increase was detected in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) culture supernatants in response to live N. caninum, no such increase was observed in SAT or MAT SVF cell cultures. Nevertheless, in response to LPS, increased IL-8 levels were detected in all cell cultures. IL-10 levels were always increased in response to stimulation (live, freeze-killed N. caninum and LPS). Overall, our results show that bovine adipose tissue SVF cells produce cytokines in response to N. caninum and can therefore be putative contributors to the host immune response against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M Oliveira
- UMIB-Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-290, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Sidónio
- UMIB-Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-290, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Correia
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinto
- UMIB-Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-290, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria M Azevedo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Sampaio
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula G Ferreira
- UMIB-Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-290, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luzia Teixeira
- UMIB-Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-290, Porto, Portugal.
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Reid C, Flores-Villalva S, Remot A, Kennedy E, O'Farrelly C, Meade KG. Long-term in vivo vitamin D 3 supplementation modulates bovine IL-1 and chemokine responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10846. [PMID: 37407588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency at birth, followed by prolonged insufficiency in early life may predispose bovine calves to infection and disease. However, the effects of vitamin D levels on innate immunity are unclear due to the lack of long-term supplementation trials in vivo and reliable approaches for reproducibly assessing immune function. Here, a standardized whole blood immunophenotyping assay was used to compare innate immune responses to infection relevant ligands (LPS, Pam3CSK4 and R848) between Holstein-Friesian calves supplemented with vitamin D (n = 12) from birth until 7 months of age and control calves (n = 10) raised on an industry standard diet. Transcriptomic analysis in unstimulated whole blood cells revealed increased expression of type I interferons and chemokines in vitamin D supplemented calves, while IL-1 and inflammasome gene expression was decreased. In response to stimulation with the bacterial ligand LPS, supplemented calves had significantly increased expression of CASP1, CX3CR1, CAT, whereas STAT1 was decreased. Stimulation with the bacterial ligand Pam3CSK4 revealed increased expression of IL1A, IL1B and CAT genes; and decreased C5AR1 expression. In response to the viral ligand R848, STAT1 and S100A8 expression was significantly decreased. An increased IL-1 and inflammasome gene expression signature in vitamin D supplemented calves in response to LPS and Pam3CSK4 was also found, with ELISA confirming increased IL-1β protein production. In contrast, a decreased chemokine gene expression signature was found in response to R848 in supplemented animals, with decreased IL-8 protein expression exhibited in response to all PAMPs also found. These results demonstrated expression of several cytokine, chemokine and inflammasome genes were impacted by vitamin D supplementation in the first 7 months of life, with IL-8 expression particularly responsive to vitamin D. Overall, vitamin D supplementation induced differential innate immune responses of blood immune cells that could have important implications for disease susceptibility in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Reid
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co Meath, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susana Flores-Villalva
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Aude Remot
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Emer Kennedy
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kieran G Meade
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Hussen J, Alkuwayti MA, Falemban B, Alhojaily SM, Adwani SA, Hassan EAE, Al-Mubarak AIA. Impact of Selected Bacterial and Viral Toll-like Receptor Agonists on the Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Neutrophils. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020154. [PMID: 36851458 PMCID: PMC9963015 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate recognition of pathogens depends on the interaction between microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in host cells. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are among the most important PRRs being expressed on and in a wide range of immune cell types. Studies on the interaction mechanisms between different pathogen species and the immune system of the dromedary camel are still scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of synthetic bacterial and viral TLR ligands on some phenotypic properties and selected functions of neutrophils purified from dromedary camel blood. Neutrophils were separated from camel blood (n = five animals) and were stimulated in vitro with the TLR ligands LPS, Pam3CSK4, R848 (Resiquimod), and Poly IC or were left without stimulation. Stimulation with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was used as a positive control stimulation. Shape change, phagocytosis activity, ROS production, the expression of cell surface markers, and cell vitality were compared between stimulated and non-stimulated cells. With exception of the TLR3 agonist Poly IC, all TLR ligands used showed the potential to stimulate camel neutrophils resulting in increased cell size and the upregulation of CD18 and CD14 on their surface. Similarly, the phagocytosis activity of camel neutrophils was significantly improved after priming with all TLR ligands, except Poly IC, which, in contrast, resulted in a reduced percentage of phagocytosis-positive cells. In contrast to stimulation with PMA, which induced a significant ROS production in camel neutrophils, none of the TLR ligands used stimulated ROS generation in neutrophils. Only stimulation with Pam3CSK4 increased the expression of MHCII molecules on camel neutrophils, resulting in an expanded MHCIIhigh fraction within camel neutrophils. Our study indicates selective immunomodulating effects of TLR agonists on purified camel neutrophils without affecting their vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-135896626
| | | | - Baraa Falemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Al Adwani
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - El Awad El Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah IA Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Hussen J, Alkuwayti MA, Falemban B, Al-Sukruwah MA, Alhojaily SM, Humam NAA, Adwani SA. Immunomodulatory Effects of Bacterial Toll-like Receptor Ligands on the Phenotype and Function of Milk Immune Cells in Dromedary Camel. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020276. [PMID: 36829554 PMCID: PMC9952959 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that sense distinct molecular patterns of microbial origin. Although the immune cell composition of camel milk has been recently described, host-pathogen interaction studies in the camel mammary gland are still scarce. The present study aimed to use a whole milk stimulation assay for investigating the modulatory effect of selected Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on the phenotype and function of milk immune cells. (2) Methods-camel milk samples (n = 7) were stimulated in vitro with the TLR4 ligand LPS or the TLR2/1 ligand Pam3CSK4, and separated milk cells were evaluated for stimulation-induced shape change, the expression of cell surface markers, phagocytosis, apoptosis, ROS production, and NETosis. Stimulation with PMA was used as a control stimulation. (3) Results-all stimulants induced shape change in milk cells, change in the expression of several cell markers, and increased cell apoptosis and NETosis. In addition, stimulation with Pam3CSK4 and PMA was associated with enhanced ROS production, while only PMA stimulation resulted in enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by milk immune cells. (4) Conclusions-our data indicates selective modulating effects of the TLR ligands LPS and Pam3CSK4 on camel milk phagocytes. These results may have implications for the use of synthetic TLR agonists as immunomodulatory adjuvants of the immune response to intra-mammary vaccines against mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-135896626
| | | | - Baraa Falemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Sukruwah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser Abdallah Al Humam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Al Adwani
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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Lesueur J, Walachowski S, Barbey S, Cebron N, Lefebvre R, Launay F, Boichard D, Germon P, Corbiere F, Foucras G. Standardized Whole Blood Assay and Bead-Based Cytokine Profiling Reveal Commonalities and Diversity of the Response to Bacteria and TLR Ligands in Cattle. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871780. [PMID: 35677047 PMCID: PMC9169910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in multiplex technologies enable the determination of a large nu\mber of soluble proteins such as cytokines in various biological samples. More than a one-by-one determination of the concentration of immune mediators, they permit the establishment of secretion profiles for a more accurate description of conditions related to infectious diseases or vaccination. Cytokine profiling has recently been made available for bovine species with the development of a Luminex® technology-based 15-plex assay. Independently from the manufacturer, we evaluated the bovine cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay for limits of detection, recovery rate, and reproducibility. Furthermore, we assessed cytokine secretion in blood samples from 107 cows upon stimulation with heat-killed bacteria and TLR2/4 ligands compared to a null condition. Secretion patterns were analyzed either using the absolute concentration of cytokines or using their relative concentration with respect to the overall secretion level induced by each stimulus. Using Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis, we show that the 15-cytokine profile is different under Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus uberis conditions, and that IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α contribute the most to differentiate these conditions. LPS and E. coli induced largely overlapping biological responses, but S. aureus and S. uberis were associated with distinct cytokine profiles than their respective TLR ligands. Finally, results based on adjusted or absolute cytokine levels yielded similar discriminative power, but led to different stimuli-related signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Lesueur
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sarah Barbey
- Unité Expérimentale du Pin, INRAE, Borculo, Le Pin au Haras, France
| | - Nathan Cebron
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel Lefebvre
- GABI, Université de Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Launay
- Unité Expérimentale du Pin, INRAE, Borculo, Le Pin au Haras, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- GABI, Université de Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Foucras
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Gilles Foucras,
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Development and assessment of a new bioassay for accurate quantification of Type I interferons induced by bovine respiratory viruses. J Immunol Methods 2022; 504:113256. [PMID: 35300990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a major role in antiviral and inflammatory processes of the infected host. In the bovine industry, the bovine respiratory disease complex is a major cause of economic and health problems. This disease is caused by interactions of pathogens, together with environmental and host factors. Several pathogens have been identified as causal agents of respiratory diseases in cattle. To better understand how primary infections by viruses predispose animals to further infections by pathogenic bacteria, tools to accurately detect antiviral and immunoregulatory cytokines are needed. To facilitate the detection and quantification of bovine IFN-I, we have established a new specific and sensitive bioassay studies in the bovine host. This assay is based on a Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line that carries a luciferase gene under the control of the IFN-I inducible bovine Mx1 promoter. Specific luciferase activity was measured after stimulation with serial dilutions of recombinant bovine alpha and beta IFNs and human IFN-α. With this novel bioassay we have successfully measured IFN-I production in supernatant from MDBK cells after stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8) and RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5), after viral infection with bovine respiratory pathogens, but also in samples from infected calves. Finally, this new bioassay is an easy-to-use and low cost tool to measure the production of bovine Type-I Interferon.
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