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Fujimoto K, Kameda Y, Nagano Y, Deguchi S, Yamamoto T, Krol RP, Gee P, Matsumura Y, Okamoto T, Nagao M, Takayama K, Yokokawa R. SARS-CoV-2-induced disruption of a vascular bed in a microphysiological system caused by type-I interferon from bronchial organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3863-3879. [PMID: 38252025 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Blood vessels show various COVID-19-related conditions including thrombosis and cytokine propagation. Existing in vitro blood vessel models cannot represent the consequent changes in the vascular structure or determine the initial infection site, making it difficult to evaluate how epithelial and endothelial tissues are damaged. Here, we developed a microphysiological system (MPS) that co-culture the bronchial organoids and the vascular bed to analyze infection site and interactions. In this system, virus-infected organoids caused damage in vascular structure. However, vasculature was not damaged or infected when the virus was directly introduced to vascular bed. The knockout of interferon-related genes and inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway reduced the vascular damage, indicating the protective effect of interferon response suppression. The results demonstrate selective infection of bronchial epithelial cells and vascular damage by cytokines and also indicate the applicability of MPS to investigate how the infection influences vascular structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Kameda
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nagano
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rafal P Krol
- Research and Development Center, CiRA Foundation, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Peter Gee
- MaxCyte Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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3
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Kwon H, Kim J, Song C, Sajjad MA, Ha J, Jung J, Park S, Shin HJ, Kim K. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 interacts with hepatitis B virus core particle, but not with HBc protein, to promote HBV replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1195063. [PMID: 37404723 PMCID: PMC10315659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1195063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 interacts noncovalently with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core particle through phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pS/TP) motifs in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) but not with particle-defective, dimer-positive mutants of HBc. This suggests that neither dimers nor monomers of HBc are Pin1-binding partners. The 162TP, 164SP, and 172SP motifs within the HBc CTD are important for the Pin1/core particle interaction. Although Pin1 dissociated from core particle upon heat treatment, it was detected as an opened-up core particle, demonstrating that Pin1 binds both to the outside and the inside of the core particle. Although the amino-terminal domain S/TP motifs of HBc are not involved in the interaction, 49SP contributes to core particle stability, and 128TP might be involved in core particle assembly, as shown by the decreased core particle level of S49A mutant through repeated freeze and thaw and low-level assembly of the T128A mutant, respectively. Overexpression of Pin1 increased core particle stability through their interactions, HBV DNA synthesis, and virion secretion without concomitant increases in HBV RNA levels, indicating that Pin1 may be involved in core particle assembly and maturation, thereby promoting the later stages of the HBV life cycle. By contrast, parvulin inhibitors and PIN1 knockdown reduced HBV replication. Since more Pin1 proteins bound to immature core particles than to mature core particles, the interaction appears to depend on the stage of virus replication. Taken together, the data suggest that physical association between Pin1 and phosphorylated core particles may induce structural alterations through isomerization by Pin1, induce dephosphorylation by unidentified host phosphatases, and promote completion of virus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjoong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Song
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Azhar Sajjad
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Ha
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lee E, Redzic JS, Saviola AJ, Li X, Ebmeier CC, Kutateladze T, Hansen KC, Zhao R, Ahn N, Sluchanko NN, Eisenmesser E. Molecular insight into the specific interactions of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 nucleocapsid with RNA and host protein. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4603. [PMID: 36807437 PMCID: PMC10019451 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein is the most abundantly expressed viral protein during infection where it targets both RNA and host proteins. However, identifying how a single viral protein interacts with so many different targets remains a challenge, providing the impetus here for identifying the interaction sites through multiple methods. Through a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron microscopy, and biochemical methods, we have characterized nucleocapsid interactions with RNA and with three host proteins, which include human cyclophilin-A, Pin1, and 14-3-3τ. Regarding RNA interactions, the nucleocapsid protein N-terminal folded domain preferentially interacts with smaller RNA fragments relative to the C-terminal region, suggesting an initial RNA engagement is largely dictated by this N-terminal region followed by weaker interactions to the C-terminal region. The nucleocapsid protein forms 10 nm ribonuclear complexes with larger RNA fragments that include 200 and 354 nucleic acids, revealing its potential diversity in sequestering different viral genomic regions during viral packaging. Regarding host protein interactions, while the nucleocapsid targets all three host proteins through its serine-arginine-rich region, unstructured termini of the nucleocapsid protein also engage host cyclophilin-A and host 14-3-3τ. Considering these host proteins play roles in innate immunity, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein may block the host response by competing interactions. Finally, phosphorylation of the nucleocapsid protein quenches an inherent dynamic exchange process within its serine-arginine-rich region. Our studies identify many of the diverse interactions that may be important for SARS-CoV-2 pathology during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jasmina S. Redzic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Anthony J. Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Xueni Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | - Tatiana Kutateladze
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, University of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kirk Charles Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Natalie Ahn
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Elan Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
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Kanna M, Nakatsu Y, Yamamotoya T, Encinas J, Ito H, Okabe T, Asano T, Sakaguchi T. Roles of peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1 in viral propagation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1005325. [PMID: 36393854 PMCID: PMC9642847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1005325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) is a unique enzyme that promotes cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue of a target protein. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA (never in mitosis A)-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a PPIase that binds to the pSer/pThr-Pro motif of target proteins and isomerizes their prolines. Pin1 has been reported to be involved in cancer development, obesity, aging, and Alzheimer's disease and has been shown to promote the growth of several viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Pin1 enhances the efficiency of viral infection by promoting uncoating and integration of the human immunodeficiency virus. It has also been shown that Pin1 interacts with hepatitis B virus proteins and participates in viral replication. Furthermore, Pin1 promotes not only viral proliferation but also the progression of virus-induced tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the effects of Pin1 on the proliferation of various viruses and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machi Kanna
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
| | | | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
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6
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Noninvasive nasopharyngeal proteomics of COVID-19 patient identify abnormalities related to complement and coagulation cascade and mucosal immune system. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274228. [PMID: 36094909 PMCID: PMC9467311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum or plasma have been the primary focus of proteomics studies for COVID-19 to identity biomarkers and potential drug targets. The nasal mucosal environment which consists of lipids, mucosal immune cells, and nasal proteome, has been largely neglected but later revealed to have critical role combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present a bottom-up proteomics investigation of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nasopharyngeal environment, featuring a noninvasive approach using proteins in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from groups of 76 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 76 negative patients. Results showed that 31 significantly down-regulated and 6 up-regulated proteins were identified (p < 0.05, log2 FC > 1.3) in SARS-CoV-2 positive patient samples as compared to the negatives; these proteins carry potential value as markers for the early detection of COVID-19, disease monitoring, as well as be drug targets. The down-regulation of coagulation factor 5 indicates a thrombotic abnormality in COVID-19 patients and the decreased IgG4 suggests an abnormal immune response at the point of entry in human nasopharyngeal environment, which is in consistent with KEGG and GO pathway analysis. Our study also demonstrated that mass spectrometry proteomics analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs can be used as a powerful early approach to evaluate host response to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
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Lee YM, Teoh DEJ, Yeung K, Liou YC. The kingdom of the prolyl-isomerase Pin1: The structural and functional convergence and divergence of Pin1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956071. [PMID: 36111342 PMCID: PMC9468764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years since its discovery, our understanding of Pin1 function in various diseases continues to improve. Pin1 plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and has been implicated in metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, viral infection, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease. In particular, the role of Pin1 in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer has been extensively studied. Our understanding of Pin1 in cancer also led to the development of cancer therapeutic drugs targeting Pin1, with some currently in clinical trial phases. However, identifying a Pin1-specific drug with good cancer therapeutic effect remains elusive, thus leading to the continued efforts in Pin1 research. The importance of Pin1 is highlighted by the presence of Pin1 orthologs across various species: from vertebrates to invertebrates and Kingdom Animalia to Plantae. Among these Pin1 orthologs, their sequence and structural similarity demonstrate the presence of conservation. Moreover, their similar functionality between species further highlights the conservancy of Pin1. As researchers continue to unlock the mysteries of Pin1 in various diseases, using different Pin1 models might shed light on how to better target Pin1 for disease therapeutics. This review aims to highlight the various Pin1 orthologs in numerous species and their divergent functional roles. We will examine their sequence and structural similarities and discuss their functional similarities and uniqueness to demonstrate the interconnectivity of Pin1 orthologs in multiple diseases.
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Nomura T, Kitagawa H, Kakimoto M, Kaiki Y, Nazmul T, Miyamori D, Omori K, Shigemoto N, Ito M, Sakaguchi T, Ohge H. Duration of infectious viral shedding in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 treated with REGN-CoV2. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:912-917. [PMID: 35370078 PMCID: PMC8938179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New treatment methods, such as REGN-CoV2, have been approved for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the effect of the drug on the duration of infectious viral shedding and viral mutations is unknown. In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy of REGN-CoV2 treatment in patients with mild to moderate disease and compared its antiviral effects against different strains of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Viral culture and PCR testing were performed on the pharyngeal swabs collected from 28 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted and treated at Hiroshima University Hospital during the study period. Of these, 23 patients were treated with REGN-CoV2. The patients were classified into the REGN-CoV2(+) and REGN-CoV2(-) groups, and the clinical course was compared between the groups. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of REGN-CoV2 against the isolated virus strains were determined. RESULTS After treatment with REGN-CoV2, the virus culture positivity rate was greatly reduced. The time to negative viral culture was significantly shorter in the REGN-CoV2(+) group than in the REGN-CoV2(-) group. In vitro evaluation of REGN-CoV2 against isolated virus strains also showed efficacy. CONCLUSIONS REGN-CoV2 treatment was effective in patients with mild COVID-19 and could shorten the period of infectious viral shedding. This may be an important factor in preventing the spread of infection. It may be possible to revise the isolation period for patients with mild disease treated with REGN-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Nomura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kitagawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakimoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaiki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tanuza Nazmul
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyamori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keitaro Omori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shigemoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Translational Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Grassi G, Notari S, Gili S, Bordoni V, Casetti R, Cimini E, Tartaglia E, Mariotti D, Agrati C, Sacchi A. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19: The Paradox of Good. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842949. [PMID: 35572540 PMCID: PMC9092297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Viral replication in the respiratory tract induces the death of infected cells and the release of pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs give rise to local inflammation, increasing the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which attract immune cells from the blood into the infected lung. In most individuals, lung-recruited cells clear the infection, and the immune response retreats. However, in some cases, a dysfunctional immune response occurs, which triggers a cytokine storm in the lung, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an impaired innate and adaptive immune response and by a massive expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs function as protective regulators of the immune response, protecting the host from over-immunoreactivity and hyper-inflammation. However, under certain conditions, such as chronic inflammation and cancer, MDSCs could exert a detrimental role. Accordingly, the early expansion of MDSCs in COVID-19 is able to predict the fatal outcome of the infection. Here, we review recent data on MDSCs during COVID-19, discussing how they can influence the course of the disease and whether they could be considered as biomarker and possible targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gili
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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10
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Kakimoto M, Nomura T, Nazmul T, Kitagawa H, Kanno K, Ogawa-Ochiai K, Ohge H, Ito M, Sakaguchi T. In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:804103. [PMID: 35422704 PMCID: PMC9002321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.804103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several traditional Japanese Kampo formulas are known to have inhibitory effects on infections with viruses that cause respiratory symptoms. Although some herbs and their components have been reported to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, it is difficult to compare effective Kampo formulas because of the different methods used in studies. Thus, we carried out in vitro experiments on the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Kampo formulas and crude drugs used for the common cold to compare their suppressive effects on virus infection. After infecting VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells with SARS-CoV-2, lysates of the Kampo formulas and crude drugs were added, and after 24 h, the infectious titer in the medium was measured by the TCID50 method. Maoto was the most effective among the Kampo formulas, and Ephedrae herba was the most effective among the constituent crude drugs. However, a comparison of the suppressive effects of Ephedrae herba and Kampo formulas containing Ephedrae herba showed that the suppressive effect on virus infection did not depend on the content of Ephedrae herba. Based on the results, we believe that the use of Maoto among Kampo formulas is suitable as a countermeasure against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kakimoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihito Nomura
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tanuza Nazmul
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitagawa
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keishi Kanno
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Kampo Clinical Center, Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Alencar WLM, da Silva Arouche T, Neto AFG, de Castro Ramalho T, de Carvalho Júnior RN, de Jesus Chaves Neto AM. Interactions of Co, Cu, and non-metal phthalocyanines with external structures of SARS-CoV-2 using docking and molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3316. [PMID: 35228662 PMCID: PMC8885651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by its high rate of contamination, propagation capacity, and lethality rate. In this work, we approach the use of phthalocyanines as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, as they present several interactive properties of the phthalocyanines (Pc) of Cobalt (CoPc), Copper (CuPc) and without a metal group (NoPc) can interact with SARS-CoV-2, showing potential be used as filtering by adsorption on paints on walls, masks, clothes, and air conditioning filters. Molecular modeling techniques through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics were used, where the target was the external structures of the virus, but specifically the envelope protein, main protease, and Spike glycoprotein proteases. Using the g_MM-GBSA module and with it, the molecular docking studies show that the ligands have interaction characteristics capable of adsorbing the structures. Molecular dynamics provided information on the root-mean-square deviation of the atomic positions provided values between 1 and 2.5. The generalized Born implicit solvation model, Gibbs free energy, and solvent accessible surface area approach were used. Among the results obtained through molecular dynamics, it was noticed that interactions occur since Pc could bind to residues of the active site of macromolecules, demonstrating good interactions; in particular with CoPc. Molecular couplings and free energy showed that S-gly active site residues interacted strongly with phthalocyanines with values of - 182.443 kJ/mol (CoPc), 158.954 kJ/mol (CuPc), and - 129.963 kJ/mol (NoPc). The interactions of Pc's with SARS-CoV-2 may predict some promising candidates for antagonists to the virus, which if confirmed through experimental approaches, may contribute to resolving the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Luna Machado Alencar
- Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterials (LPCN), Federal University of Pará, C. P. 479, Belem, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Pos-Graduation Program in Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, C. P. 2626, Belém, PA, 66050-540, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Pará (IFPA), C. P. BR 316, Km 61, Castanhal, PA, 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Silva Arouche
- Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterials (LPCN), Federal University of Pará, C. P. 479, Belem, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Júnior
- Pos-Graduation Program in Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, C. P. 2626, Belém, PA, 66050-540, Brazil
- Pos-Graduation Program in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, C. P. 479, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Maia de Jesus Chaves Neto
- Laboratory of Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterials (LPCN), Federal University of Pará, C. P. 479, Belem, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
- Pos-Graduation Program in Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, C. P. 2626, Belém, PA, 66050-540, Brazil.
- Pos-Graduation Program in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, C. P. 479, Belém, PA, 66075-900, Brazil.
- National Professional Master's in Physics Teaching, Federal University of Pará, C. P. 479, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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12
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Ino Y, Nishi M, Yamaoka Y, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Osada M, Kimura Y, Ryo A. Phosphopeptide enrichment using Phos-tag technology reveals functional phosphorylation of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. J Proteomics 2022; 255:104501. [PMID: 35093569 PMCID: PMC8800104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of viral proteins serves as a regulatory mechanism during the intracellular life cycle of infected viruses. There is therefore a pressing need to develop a method to efficiently purify and enrich phosphopeptides derived from viral particles in biological samples. In this study, we utilized Phos-tag technology to analyze the functional phosphorylation of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein; NP) of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Viral particles were collected from culture supernatants of SARS-CoV-2-infected VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells by ultracentrifugation, and phosphopeptides were purified by Phos-tag magnetic beads for LC-MS/MS analysis. Analysis revealed that NP was reproducibly phosphorylated at serine 79 (Ser79). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ser79 was a distinct phospho-acceptor site in SARS-CoV-2 but not in other beta-coronaviruses. We also found that the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 bound to the phosphorylated Ser79 in NP and positively regulated the production of viral particles. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have acquired the potent virus-host interaction during its evolution mediated by viral protein phosphorylation. Moreover, Phos-tag technology can provide a useful means for analyzing the functional phosphorylation of viral proteins. Significance In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional phosphorylation of SARS-CoV-2 NP. For this purpose, we used Phos-tag technology to purify and enrich virus-derived phosphopeptides with high selectivity and reproducibility. This method can be particularly useful in analyzing viral phosphopeptides from cell culture supernatants that often contain high concentrations of fetal bovine serum and supplements. We newly identified an NP phosphorylation site at Ser79, which is important for Pin1 binding. Furthermore, we showed that the interaction between Pin1 and phosphorylated NP could enhance viral replication in a cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Tonyamachi 1-7-1, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Suzukawa 21, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Makoto Osada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Tonyamachi 1-7-1, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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