1
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Somaiya RN, Sajjad M, Singh N, Alam A. Efficient CO 2 Reduction Reaction on Cu-Decorated Biphenylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:60094-60102. [PMID: 39446556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction into value-added products is crucial for a green economy. Inspired by the recent experimental synthesis of biphenylene (BPH) and the excellent catalytic activity of copper dispersed on two-dimensional (2D) materials, we chose to systematically investigate the pristine, defective, and Cu-decorated BPH for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to value-added hydrocarbons. It is observed that the CO2 molecules bind weakly to the pristine BPH, indicating their chemical inertness. Carbon single-vacancy defects facilitate CO2 adsorption with a strong binding energy (Eb) of -3.23 eV, detrimental to the CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) mechanism. We have further investigated the binding energy and kinetic stability of Cu-decorated BPH as a single-atom-catalyst (SAC). The molecular dynamics simulations confirm the kinetic stability, revealing that the Cu-atom avoids agglomeration under low metal dispersal conditions. The CO2 molecule gets adsorbed horizontally on the Cu-BPH surface with a ΔEb of -0.52 eV. The CRR mechanism is investigated using two pathways beginning with two different initial states, formate (*OCOH) and carboxylic (*COOH). The formate pathway confirms the conversion of *OCOH to *HCOOH with the rate-limiting potential (UL) of 0.39 eV for the production of HCOOH, while for the carboxylic pathway, the conversion of *COH to *CHOH has a UL of 0.32 eV, eventually producing CH3OH. Our findings highlight the role of Cu-BPH as an efficient SAC for CO2 catalytic activity to C1 products, as compared to the state-of-the-art Cu, and holds promise as an electrocatalyst for CRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha N Somaiya
- Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Center for Graphene and 2D materials (RIC2D), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aftab Alam
- Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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2
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Lima KAL, Alves RAF, Silva DAD, Mendonça FLL, Pereira ML, Ribeiro LA. TH-graphyne: a new porous bidimensional carbon allotrope. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39258915 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Graphyne and two-dimensional porous carbon-based materials have garnered significant attention due to their interesting structural characteristics and essential properties for new technological applications. Within this scope, this work investigates the structural, thermal, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of a novel two-dimensional allotrope that combines triangular (T) and hexagonal (H) rings, connected by acetylenic linkages (graphyne-like), thus named TH-graphyne (TH-GY). This study comprehensively characterizes the proposed system's behavior using density functional theory, ab initio molecular dynamics, and classical reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Our results confirm the structural stability of TH-GY. AIMD simulations demonstrate the material's thermal stability at elevated temperatures, while phonon dispersions indicate its dynamical stability. Electronic band structure calculations show that the system is metallic. The analysis of optical properties reveals intense activity in the visible and UV regions, with pronounced anisotropy. A machine learning interatomic potentials model was developed for TH-GY and used to determine the mechanical behavior of the system, which exhibits Young's modulus ranging from 263 to 356 GPa, highlighting its flexibility. Classical reactive MD simulations elucidate the fracture behavior of TH-GY, revealing distinct fracture patterns and mechanical anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleuton A L Lima
- University of Brasília, Institute of Physics, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A F Alves
- University of Brasília, Institute of Physics, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Daniel A da Silva
- Professional Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPEE), Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Technology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Fábio L L Mendonça
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo L Pereira
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
| | - Luiz A Ribeiro
- University of Brasília, Institute of Physics, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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3
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Xiao S, Hao J, Shi T, Jin J, Wu B, Peng Q. Effects of size and shape of hole defects on mechanical properties of biphenylene: a molecular dynamics study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:485703. [PMID: 39208809 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The distinctive multi-ring structure and remarkable electrical characteristics of biphenylene render it a material of considerable interest, notably for its prospective utilization as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. However, understanding the mechanical traits of biphenylene is essential for its application, particularly due to the volumetric fluctuations resulting from lithium ion insertion and extraction during charging and discharging cycles. In this regard, this study investigates the performance of pristine biphenylene and materials embedded with various types of hole defects under uniaxial tension utilizing molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, from the stress‒strain curves, we obtained key mechanical properties, including toughness, strength, Young's modulus and fracture strain. It was observed that various near-circular hole (including circular, square, hexagonal, and octagonal) defects result in remarkably similar properties. A more quantitative scaling analysis revealed that, in comparison with the exact shape of the defect, the area of the defect is more critical for determining the mechanical properties of biphenylene. Our finding might be beneficial to the defect engineering of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyang Xiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Shi
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Aerospace Research Academy, Guangzhou 511458, People's Republic of China
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4
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Singh M, Kaur SP, Chakraborty B. Modeling and tuning the electronic, mechanical and optical properties of a recently synthesized 2D polyaramid: a first principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21874-21887. [PMID: 39105423 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This work delves into a methodology of modeling 2D materials and their structural engineering, considering an example of a recently synthesized 2D polyaramid (2DPA-1). A bottom-up approach similar to experimental techniques is implemented for modeling, and then its electronic structures and phonon spectrum and the quadratic nature of flexural phonons are analyzed. Furthermore, boron and nitrogen atoms are substituted for the carbon atom of the amide group of 2DPA-1, and their effects on its electronic properties, phonon spectrum, and mechanical properties are compared with those of pristine 2DPA-1 using density functional theory calculations. The ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations validate the thermal stability of our system at high temperatures. The spin-polarized electronic structures reveal the transformation of pristine 2DPA-1 from a semiconductor to a half-metal and its magnetic behaviour upon nitrogen substitution. Constraining the quadratic nature of flexural phonons using the Born-Huang criteria significantly enhances the phonon spectra, leading to more accurate and reliable simulations. For modulated 2DPA-1, the elastic modulus varies between 17 and 27 N m-1, and the absorption peaks shift from ∼5.15 eV to 2.42 eV, enabling the application of polymeric 2D nanomaterials in photocatalysis and sensing, where light absorption in the near-infrared region is important. Finally, validation of our methodology is confirmed, as computed Young's modulus (11.26-11.76 GPa) of 2DPA-1 matches excellently with the experimental value (12.7 ± 3.8 GPa). Overall, this study reveals the modeling of a newly synthesized polymeric 2D material, and tuning its properties results in smaller bandgaps and half-metallic and magnetic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Surinder Pal Kaur
- Quantum Dynamics Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Brahmananda Chakraborty
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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5
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Laranjeira JS, Martins N, Denis PA, Sambrano J. Unveiling a New 2D Semiconductor: Biphenylene-Based InN. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28879-28887. [PMID: 38973873 PMCID: PMC11223256 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) materials class earned a boost in 2021 with biphenylene synthesis, which is structurally formed by the fusion of four-, six-, and eight-membered carbon rings, usually named 4-6-8-biphenylene network (BPN). This research proposes a detailed study of electronic, structural, dynamic, and mechanical properties to demonstrate the potential of the novel biphenylene-like indium nitride (BPN-InN) via density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The BPN-InN has a direct band gap energy transition of 2.02 eV, making it promising for optoelectronic applications. This structure exhibits maximum and minimum Young modulus of 22.716 and 22.063 N/m, Poisson ratio of 0.018 and -0.008, and Shear modulus of 11.448 and 10.860 N/m, respectively. To understand the BPN-InN behavior when subjected to mechanical deformations, biaxial and uniaxial strains in armchair and zigzag directions from -8 to 8% were applied, achieving a band gap energy modulation of 1.36 eV over tensile deformations. Our findings are expected to motivate both theorists and experimentalists to study and obtain these new 2D inorganic materials that exhibit promising semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
A. S. Laranjeira
- Modeling
and Molecular Simulation Group, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Martins
- Modeling
and Molecular Simulation Group, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Pablo A. Denis
- Computational
Nanotechnology, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, CC 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julio Sambrano
- Modeling
and Molecular Simulation Group, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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6
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Trung PD, Tong HD. A first-principles prediction of the structural, electronic, transport and photocatalytic properties of GaGeX 3 (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15979-15986. [PMID: 38765476 PMCID: PMC11099986 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new 2D materials with superior properties motivates scientists to make breakthroughs in various applications. In this study, using calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), we have comprehensively investigated the geometrical characteristics and stability of GaGeX3 monolayers (X = S, Se, or Te), determining their electronic and transport properties, and some essential optical and photocatalytic properties. AIMD simulations show that these materials are highly structurally and thermodynamically stable. Notably, the GaGeSe3 monolayer is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.9 eV and has a high photon absorption coefficient of up to 1.1 × 105 cm-1 in the visible region. The calculated solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of the GaGeSe3 monolayer is 11.33%, which is relatively high compared to some published 2D materials. Furthermore, the electronic conductivity of the GaGeSe3 monolayer is 790.65 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our findings suggest that the GaGeSe3 monolayer is a new promising catalyst for the solar water-splitting reaction to give hydrogen and a potential new 2D material for electrical devices with high electron mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham D Trung
- Yersin University 27 Ton That Tung, Ward 8 Dalat City Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Hien D Tong
- Faculty of Engineering, Vietnamese-German University Binh Duong Vietnam
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7
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Santos EAJ, Lima KAL, Mendonça FLL, Silva DAD, Giozza WF, Junior LAR. PHOTH-graphene: a new 2D carbon allotrope with low barriers for Li-ion mobility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9526. [PMID: 38664467 PMCID: PMC11045837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The continued interest in 2D carbon allotropes stems from their unique structural and electronic characteristics, which are crucial for diverse applications. This work theoretically introduces PHOTH-Graphene (PHOTH-G), a novel 2D planar carbon allotrope formed by 4-5-6-7-8 carbon rings. PHOTH-G emerges as a narrow band gap semiconducting material with low formation energy, demonstrating good stability under thermal and mechanical conditions. This material has slight mechanical anisotropy with Young modulus and Poisson ratios varying between 7.08-167.8 GPa and 0.21-0.96. PHOTH-G presents optical activity restricted to the visible range. Li atoms adsorbed on its surface have a migration barrier averaging 0.38 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A J Santos
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - K A L Lima
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - F L L Mendonça
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - D A da Silva
- Professional Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PPEE, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - W F Giozza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - L A Ribeiro Junior
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
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8
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Hosseini M, Soleimani M, Shojaei F, Pourfath M. Graphsene as a novel porous two-dimensional carbon material for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9129. [PMID: 38644395 PMCID: PMC11033272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene allotropes with varied carbon configurations have attracted significant attention for their unique properties and chemical activities. This study introduces a novel two-dimensional carbon-based material, termed Graphsene (GrS), through theoretical study. Comprising tetra-, penta-, and dodeca-carbon rings, GrS's cohesive energy calculations demonstrate its superior structural stability over existing graphene allotropes, including graphyne and graphdiyne families. Phonon dispersion analysis confirms GrS's dynamic stability and its relatively low thermal conductivity. All calculated GrS elastic constants meet the Born criteria, ensuring mechanical stability. Ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations show GrS maintains its structure at 300 K. HSE06 calculations reveal a narrow electronic bandgap of 20 meV, with the electronic band structure featuring a highly anisotropic Dirac-like cone due to its intrinsic structural anisotropy along armchair and zigzag directions. Notably, GrS is predicted to offer exceptional catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction, favoring the four-electron reduction pathway with high selectivity under both acidic and alkaline conditions. This discovery opens promising avenues for developing metal-free catalyst materials in clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-515, Iran
| | - Fazel Shojaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pourfath
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-515, Iran.
- Institute for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29, A-1040, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Zheng R, Mu W. The prediction of two-dimensional PbN: opened bandgap in heterostructure with CdO. Front Chem 2024; 12:1382850. [PMID: 38698935 PMCID: PMC11063369 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1382850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of two-dimensional (2D) materials has received wide attention as a generation of optoelectronics, thermoelectric, and other applications. In this study, a novel 2D material, PbN, is proposed as an elemental method using the prototype of a recent reported nitride (J. Phys. Chem. C 2023, 127, 43, 21,006-21014). Based on first-principle calculations, the PbN monolayer is investigated as stable at 900 K, and the isotropic mechanical behavior is addressed by the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at 67.4 N m-1 and 0.15, respectively. The PbN monolayer also presents excellent catalytic performance with Gibbs free energy of 0.41 eV. Zero bandgap is found for the PbN monolayer, and it can be opened at about 0.128 eV by forming a heterostructure with CdO. Furthermore, the PbN/CdO is constructed by Van der Waals interaction, while the apparent potential drop and charge transfer are investigated at the interface. The PbN/CdO heterostructure also possesses excellent light absorption properties. The results provide theoretical guidance for the design of layered functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Cheng
- Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Communications Vocational & Technical College, Hefei, China
| | - Yuelei Wang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
| | - Ruxin Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihua Mu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Kuritza DP, Miwa RH, Padilha JE. Directional dependence of the electronic and transport properties of biphenylene under strain conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12142-12149. [PMID: 38587790 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the electronic and electronic transport properties of biphenylene (BPN) using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. We have focused on understanding the electronic properties of BPN, and the anisotropic behavior of electronic transport upon external strain. We found the emergence of electronic stripes (ESs) on the BPN surface and the formation of type-II Dirac cone near the Fermi level. In the sequence, the electronic transport results reveal that such ESs dictate the anisotropic behavior of the transmission function. Finally, we show that the tuning of the (anisotropic) electronic current, mediated by external mechanical strain, is ruled by the energy position of the lowest unoccupied states with wave-vectors perpedicular to the ESs. This control could be advantageous for applications in nanoelectronic devices that require precise control of current direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo P Kuritza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Miwa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Padilha
- Campus Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jandaia do Sul, PR, Brazil.
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11
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Mo S, Seo J, Son SK, Kim S, Rhim JW, Lee H. Engineering Two-Dimensional Nodal Semimetals in Functionalized Biphenylene by Fluorine Adatoms. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24. [PMID: 38607382 PMCID: PMC11057037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We propose a band engineering scheme on the biphenylene network, a newly synthesized carbon allotrope. We illustrate that the electronic structure of the biphenylene network can be significantly altered by controlling conditions affecting the symmetry and destructive interference of wave functions through periodic fluorination. First, we investigate the mechanism for the appearance of a type-II Dirac fermion in a pristine biphenylene network. We show that the essential ingredients are mirror symmetries and stabilization of the compact localized eigenstates via destructive interference. While the former is used for the band-crossing point along high symmetry lines, the latter induces highly inclined Dirac dispersions. Subsequently, we demonstrate the transformation of the biphenylene network's type-II Dirac semimetal phase into various Dirac phases such as type-I Dirac, gapped type-II Dirac, and nodal line semimetals through the deliberate disruption of mirror symmetry or modulation of destructive interference by varying the concentration of fluorine atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Mo
- Department
of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jaeuk Seo
- Department
of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department
of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seok-Kyun Son
- Department
of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- University
of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-ro 217, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Korea
Institute for Advanced Study, Hoegiro 85, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Rhim
- Research
Center for Novel Epitaxial Quantum Architectures, Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department
of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hoonkyung Lee
- Department
of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Research
Center for Novel Epitaxial Quantum Architectures, Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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12
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Kumar A, Senapati P, Parida P. Theoretical insights into the structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of the inorganic biphenylene monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2044-2057. [PMID: 38126442 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Being motivated by a recently synthesized biphenylene carbon monolayer (BPN), using first principles methods, we have studied its inorganic analogue (B-N analogue) named I-BPN. A comparative study of structural, electronic and mechanical properties between BPN and I-BPN was carried out. Like BPN, the stability of I-BPN was verified in terms of formation energy, phonon dispersion calculations, and mechanical parameters (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio). The chemical inertness of I-BPN was also investigated by adsorbing an oxygen molecule in an oxygen-rich environment. It has been found that the B-B bond favours the oxygen molecule to be adsorbed through chemisorption. The lattice transport properties reveal that the phonon thermal conductivity of I-BPN is ten times lower than that of BPN. The electronic band structure reveals that I-BPN is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.88 eV, while BPN shows metallic behaviour. In addition, we investigated various thermoelectric properties of I-BPN for possible thermoelectric applications. The thermoelectric parameters, such as the Seebeck coefficient, show the highest peak value of 0.00289 V K-1 at 300 K. Electronic transport properties reveal that I-BPN is highly anisotropic along the x and y-axes. Furthermore, the thermoelectric power factor as a function of chemical potential shows a peak value of 0.057 W m-1 K-2 along the x-axis in the p-type doping region. The electronic figure of merit shows a peak value of approximately unity. However, considering lattice thermal conductivity, the peak value of the total figure of merit (ZT) reduces to 0.68(0.46) for p-type and 0.56(0.48) for n-type doping regions along the x(y) direction at 900 K. It is worth noting that our calculated ZT value of I-BPN is higher than that of many other reported B-N composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, India.
| | - Parbati Senapati
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, India.
| | - Prakash Parida
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, India.
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13
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Luo Y, He Y, Ding Y, Zuo L, Zhong C, Ma Y, Sun M. Defective Biphenylene as High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1136-1141. [PMID: 38160412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts play a pivotal role in advancing the application of water splitting for hydrogen production. This research unveils the potential of defective biphenylenes as high-efficiency catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Using first-principles simulations, we systematically investigated the structure, stability, and catalytic performance of defective biphenylenes. Our findings unveil that defect engineering significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Specifically, biphenylene with a double-vacancy defect exhibits an outstanding Gibbs free energy of -0.08 eV, surpassing that of Pt, accompanied by a remarkable exchange current density of -3.08 A cm-2, also surpassing that of Pt. Furthermore, we find the preference for the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism in the hydrogen evolution reaction, with a low energy barrier of 0.80 eV. This research provides a promising avenue for developing novel metal-free electrocatalysts for water splitting with earth-abundant carbon elements, making a significant step toward sustainable hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yiqiang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yunfei Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lijie Zuo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chengyong Zhong
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minglei Sun
- Department of Physics and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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14
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Guo A, Cao F, Qiu X, Ju W, Gao Z, Liu G. Anisotropic thermal expansion of silicon monolayer in biphenylene network. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35137-35144. [PMID: 38053689 PMCID: PMC10694790 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials with a negative thermal expansion property are of great importance in the emerging family of two-dimensional materials. For example, mixing two materials with negative and positive coefficients of thermal expansion avoids volume changing with temperature. In this work, based on first-principles calculations and Grüneisen's theory, we investigated the thermal expansion properties of a silicon monolayer in biphenylene networks. Our results show that the thermal expansion is greatly negative and anisotropic, as the linear thermal expansion coefficient along the a-direction is significantly smaller than the one along the b-direction, even at high temperatures. At 300 K, the thermal expansion coefficients along the two lattice directions are -17.010 × 10-6 K-1 and -2.907 × 10-6 K-1, respectively. By analyzing the Grüneisen parameters and the elastic compliance, we obtained an understanding of the giant negative thermal expansion of the material. Rigid unit modes are also responsible for the negative thermal expansion behavior. Our work provides fundamental insights into the thermal expansion of silicon monolayer in biphenylene networks and should stimulate the further exploration of the possible thermoelectric and thermal management applications of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Guo
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Cao
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhong Y. Ferroelectric polarization reversals in C 2N/α-In 2Se 3 van der Waals heterostructures: a conversion from the traditional type-II to S-scheme. Front Chem 2023; 11:1278370. [PMID: 37799782 PMCID: PMC10548214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1278370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ferroelectric substances, characterized by inherent spontaneous polarization, can boost photocatalytic efficiency by facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. However, conventional photocatalysts with perovskite-class ferroelectricity are generally constrained by their 3D arrangement, leading to less accessible active sites for catalysis and a smaller specific surface area compared to a 2D layout. Methods: In my research, I developed a 2D ferroelectric heterostructure consisting of C2N/α-In2Se3. I performed first-principle calculations on the 2D C2N/α-In2Se3 heterostructure, specifically varying the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization directions. I primarily focused on C2N/α-In2Se3 (I) and C2N/α-In2Se3 (II) heterostructures. Results: My findings revealed that reversing the ferroelectric polarization of the 2D α-In2Se3 layer in the heterostructures led to a transition from the conventional type-II [C2N/α-In2Se3 (I)] to an S-scheme [C2N/α-In2Se3 (II)]. The S-scheme heterostructure [C2N/α-In2Se3 (II)] demonstrated a high optical absorption rate of 17% in visible light, marking it as a promising photocatalytic material. Discussion: This research underscores the significance of ferroelectric polarization in facilitating charge transfer within heterogeneous structures. It provides a theoretical perspective for developing enhanced S-scheme photocatalysts, highlighting the potential of 2D ferroelectric heterostructures in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Chen K, Zhou J, Zhao W, Yang R, Qiao C, Su WS, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Chen L, Wang S. Structural, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of biphenylene hydrogenation: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24797-24808. [PMID: 37671654 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Biphenylene networks typically exhibit a metallic electronic nature, while hydrogenation can open the band gap changing it to a semiconductor. This property makes hydrogenated biphenylene a promising candidate for use in semiconductor optoelectronic materials and devices. In this work, three representative configurations of hydrogenated biphenylene, denoted by α, β and γ, were investigated. The structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of these hydrogenated biphenylene configurations were calculated by first-principles calculations. Band gaps with HSE correction were 4.69, 4.42 and 4.39 eV for α, β, and γ configurations, respectively. Among these three configurations, β presents the best electronic performance and special elastic properties (negative Poisson's ratio), while γ exhibits the best elastic properties. In addition, we comprehensively analyze the mechanical properties of these configurations and provide evidence that hydrogenated biphenylene possibly exhibits a negative-Poisson's-ratio along the zigzag and armchair directions when hydrogen atoms are added to biphenylene in certain ways. Furthermore, although the electronic properties of γ are weaker than those of β, they are also excellent. In addition, the binding energies of β and γ are relatively lower, which indicates that β and γ are more stable. Our findings demonstrate that the hydrogenated biphenylene is a promising material with significant application potential in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wuyan Zhao
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Riyi Yang
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chong Qiao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Su
- National Taiwan Science Education Center, Taipei 111081, Taiwan.
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangyao Chen
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Songyou Wang
- Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Sajjad M, Nair SS, Samad YA, Singh N. Colossal figure of merit and compelling HER catalytic activity of holey graphyne. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9123. [PMID: 37277397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have conducted a comprehensive study to uncover the thermal transport properties and hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity of recently synthesized holey graphyne. Our findings disclose that holey graphyne has a direct bandgap of 1.00 eV using the HSE06 exchange-correlation functional. The absence of imaginary phonon frequencies in the phonon dispersion ensures its dynamic stability. The formation energy of holey graphyne turns out to be - 8.46 eV/atom, comparable to graphene (- 9.22 eV/atom) and h-BN (- 8.80 eV/atom). At 300 K, the Seebeck coefficient is as high as 700 μV/K at a carrier concentration of 1 × 1010 cm-2. The predicted room temperature lattice thermal conductivity (κl) of 29.3 W/mK is substantially lower than graphene (3000 W/mK) and fourfold smaller than C3N (128 W/mK). At around 335 nm thickness, the room temperature κl suppresses by 25%. The calculated p-type figure of merit (ZT) reaches a maximum of 1.50 at 300 K, higher than that of holey graphene (ZT = 1.13), γ-graphyne (ZT = 0.48), and pristine graphene (ZT = 0.55 × 10-3). It further scales up to 3.36 at 600 K. Such colossal ZT values make holey graphyne an appealing p-type thermoelectric material. Besides that, holey graphyne is a potential HER catalyst with a low overpotential of 0.20 eV, which further reduces to 0.03 eV at 2% compressive strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Surabhi Suresh Nair
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yarjan Abdul Samad
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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18
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Hou Y, Ren K, Wei Y, Yang D, Cui Z, Wang K. Opening a Band Gap in Biphenylene Monolayer via Strain: A First-Principles Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104178. [PMID: 37241918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A biphenylene network is a novel 2D allotropy of carbon with periodic 4-6-8 rings, which was synthesized successfully in 2021. In recent years, although the mechanical properties and thermal transport received a lot of research attention, how to open the Dirac cone in the band structure of a biphenylene network is still a confused question. In this work, we utilized uniaxial and biaxial lattice strains to manipulate the electronic properties and phonon frequencies of biphenylene, and we found an indirect band gap under 10% biaxial strain through the first-principles calculations. This indirect band gap is caused by the competition between the band-edge state A and the Dirac cone for the conduction band minimum (CBM). Additionally, the lightest carrier's effective mass in biphenylene is 0.184 m0 for electrons along x (Γ→X) direction, while the effective mass for holes shows a remarkable anisotropy, suggesting the holes in the tensile biphenylene monolayer are confined within a one-dimensional chain along x direction. For phonon dispersion, we discovered that the Raman-active Ag3 phonon mode shows a robust single phonon mode character under both compressive and tensile strain, but its frequency is sensitive to lattice strain, suggesting the lattice strain in biphenylene can be identified by Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Hou
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
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19
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Situ B, Yan Z, Huo R, Wang K, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Tu Y. Locally spontaneous dynamic oxygen migration on biphenylene: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14089-14095. [PMID: 37161756 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00925d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic oxygen migration at the interface of carbon allotropes dominated by the periodic hexagonal rings, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, has opened up a new avenue to realize dynamic covalent materials. However, for the carbon materials with hybrid carbon rings, such as biphenylene, whether the dynamic oxygen migration at its interface can still be found remains unknown. Using both density functional theory calculations and machine-learning-based molecular dynamics (MLMD) simulations, we found that the oxygen migration departing away from the four-membered carbon (C4) ring is hindered, and the oxygen atom prefers to spontaneously migrate toward/around the C4 ring. This locally spontaneous dynamic oxygen migration on the biphenylene is attributed to a high barrier of about 1.5 eV for the former process and a relatively low barrier of about 0.3 eV for the latter one, originating from the enhanced activity of the C-O bond near/around the C4 ring due to the hybrid carbon ring structure. Moreover, the locally spontaneous dynamic oxygen migration is further confirmed by MLMD simulations. This work sheds light on the potential of biphenylene as a catalyst for spatially controlled energy conversion and provides the guidance for realizing the dynamic covalent interface at other carbon-based or two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Situ
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zihan Yan
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Rubin Huo
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Kongbo Wang
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yusong Tu
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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20
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Alsharafi M, Akar M, Zeren Y, Alameri A. Degree-Based Topological Descriptors of Hexaphenylbenzene Molecule Graphs. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2190133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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21
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Ren K, Shu H, Wang K, Qin H. Two-dimensional MX 2Y 4 systems: ultrahigh carrier transport and excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performances. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4519-4527. [PMID: 36661890 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Very recently, two-dimensional MoSi2N4 has been synthetized (Y.-L. Hong, Z. Liu, L. Wang, T. Zhou, W. Ma, C. Xu, S. Feng, L. Chen, M.-L. Chen and D.-M. Sun, Chemical vapor deposition of layered two-dimensional MoSi2N4 materials, Science, 2020, 369, 670-674.). In this work, we systematically explore the mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties of the MX2Y4 (M = Cr, Hf, Mo, Ti, W, Zr; X = Si, Ge; Y = N, P, As) monolayers by first-principles calculations. These observed monolayers exhibit an isotropic Young's moduli of 165-514 N m-1 and a Poisson's ratio of 0.26-0.33. The calculated band structures indicate that their bandgaps are in the range of 0.49-2.05 eV at the HSE06 level. In particular, a high electron mobility of about 1.04 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1 is observed in TiSi2N4 monolayers, which shows potential for high-speed electronic devices. MX2Y4 monolayers also reveal decent performances in the hydrogen evolution reaction. More importantly, the Gibbs free energy change of the TiSi2N4 (ZrSi2N4) monolayer is as small as 0.078 eV (-0.035 eV), even being comparable with that of Pt (-0.09 eV). This investigation suggests that the MoSi2N4 family monolayers have potential advanced applications such as photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huabing Shu
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Shaanxi, 710121, China
| | - Huasong Qin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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22
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Chen XW, Lin ZZ, Li XM. Biphenylene network as sodium ion battery anode material. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4340-4348. [PMID: 36689257 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04752g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ion batteries possess several advantages for large-scale energy storage, such as low cost and enhanced safety. However, graphite or other anode materials are not satisfactory because the large radius of Na+ hinders their embedding and removal in the charge and discharge processes. Recently, a biphenylene network (BPN), a two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope, has been synthesized. In this paper, we reveal the potential possibility of BPN as a Na storage material. The theoretical results indicate the advantages of BPN as a sodium battery anode. The maximum specific capacity (413 mA h g-1) is larger than that of the graphite-Li system (372 mA h g-1). With low Na+ diffusion barrier (<0.6 eV) and small volume expansion in the charging process (∼26%), BPN presents superiority to the graphite-Na system. Our findings show new insights into Na storage in BPN and provide guidance for the use of a BPN anode in sodium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Chen
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Zheng-Zhe Lin
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Xi-Mei Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
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23
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Liu GH, Yang L, Qiao SX, Jiao N, Chen YJ, Ni MY, Zheng MM, Lu HY, Zhang P. Superconductivity of monolayer functionalized biphenylene with Dirac cones. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2875-2881. [PMID: 36625788 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04381e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer biphenylene is a new two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope, which has been experimentally synthesized and theoretically predicted to show superconductivity. In this work, we investigate functionalized biphenylene with the adsorption of Li. The superconducting critical temperature (Tc) can be pushed from 0.59 K up to 3.91 K after Li adsorption. Our calculations confirm that the adsorption pushes the peak showing a high electronic density of states closer to the Fermi level, which usually leads to a larger Tc. Furthermore, the application of biaxial tensile strain can soften phonons and further enhance the Tc up to 15.86 K in Li-deposited biphenylene. Interestingly, a pair of type-II Dirac cones below the Fermi level has been observed, expanding the range of Dirac materials. It suggests that monolayer biphenylene deposited with Li may be a material with potential applications and improves the understanding of Dirac-type superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Shu-Xiang Qiao
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Na Jiao
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Mei-Yan Ni
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China. .,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
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24
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Wu P, Huang M. Investigation of adsorption behaviors, and electronic and magnetic properties for small gas molecules adsorbed on Pt-doped arsenene by density functional calculations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3807-3817. [PMID: 36756604 PMCID: PMC9890969 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, we compared the adsorption behaviors, electronic and magnetic properties of gas molecules (CO, NO, NO2, O2, NH3, H2O, H2 and N2) adsorbed on Pt-embedded arsenene and pristine arsenene. Our calculations show the interactions between molecules and arsenene can be enhanced by substitution of a Pt atom, suggesting the potential application of Pt-doped arsenene in gas sensing, especially for detecting NO2 gas due to the largest adsorption energy and charge transfer between NH3 and Pt-doped arsenene. Among all the molecules considered, CO, NO, NO2, O2 and NH3 molecules chemisorb on Pt-doped arsenene (these molecules physisorb on pristine arsenene) forming covalent Pt-C, Pt-N and Pt-O bonds, thus resulting in the elongation of C-O, N-O, O-O, N-H bonds in molecules. The magnetic moments of arsenene adsorbed with O2, NO, and NO2 decrease or diminish after Pt doping. Such variation on magnetism before and after Pt doping is ascribed to significant charge transfer and strong hybridization between gas molecules and the underlying Pt atoms, indicating the magnetic properties of arsenene can be tuned by molecular adsorption and Pt doping. These findings suggest Pt-doped arsenene has potential applications in spintronic devices, catalysts and gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Shandong Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266061 China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices of Hubei Province, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
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25
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Structural, elastic, and electronic properties of BC12 carbon under pressure. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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26
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Yang Q, Zhang T, Hu CE, Chen XR, Geng HY. A first-principles study on the electronic, piezoelectric, and optical properties and strain-dependent carrier mobility of Janus TiXY (X ≠ Y, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:274-285. [PMID: 36475497 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Janus transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (TMDs) have attracted wide attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties since the successful synthesis of the MoSSe monolayer. However, the related studies of Janus monolayers of transition metal halides (TMHs) with similar structures have rarely been reported. In this article, we systematically investigate the electronic properties, piezoelectric properties, optical properties, and carrier mobility of new Janus TiXY (X ≠ Y, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers using first principles calculations for the first time. These Janus TiXY monolayers are thermally, dynamically, and mechanically stable, and their energy bands near the Fermi level (EF) are almost entirely contributed by the central Ti atom. Besides, the Janus TiXY monolayers exhibit excellent in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric effects, especially with an in-plane piezoelectric coefficient of ∼4.58 pm V-1 for the TiBrI monolayer and an out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient of ∼1.63 pm V-1 for the TiClI monolayer, suggesting their promising applications in piezoelectric sensors and energy storage applications. The absorption spectra of Janus TiXY monolayers are mainly distributed in the visible and infrared regions, implying that they are fantastic candidates for photoelectric and photovoltaic applications. The obtained carrier mobilities revealed that TiXY monolayers are hole-type semiconductors. Under uniaxial compressive strain, the hole mobilities of these monolayers are gradually improved, indicating that TiXY monolayers have potential applications in the field of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Cui-E Hu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hua-Yun Geng
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
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27
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Esfandiarpour R, Zamanian F, Badalkhani-Khamseh F, Reza Hosseini M. Carbon dioxide sensor device based on biphenylene nanotube: A density functional theory study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Brzyska A, Panczyk T, Wolinski K. From Cyclo[18]carbon to the Novel Nanostructures-Theoretical Predictions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12960. [PMID: 36361747 PMCID: PMC9654130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a number of novel pure-carbon structures generated from cyclo[18]carbon. Due to the very high reactivity of cyclo[18]carbon, it is possible to link these molecules together to form bigger molecular systems. In our studies, we generated new structures containing 18, 36 and 72 carbon atoms. They are of different shapes including ribbons, sheets and tubes. All these new structures were obtained in virtual reactions driven by external forces. For every reaction, the energy requirement was evaluated exactly when the corresponding transition state was found or it was estimated through our new approach. A small HOMO-LUMO gap in these nanostructures indicates easy excitations and the multiple bonds network indicates their high reactivity. Both of these factors suggest that some potential applications of the new nanostructures are as components of therapeutically active carbon quantum dots, terminal fragments of graphene or carbon nanotubes obtained after fracture or growing in situ in catalytic reactions leading to the formation of carbonaceous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brzyska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Panczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wolinski
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Ke K, Meng K, Rong J, Yu X. Biphenylene: A Two-Dimensional Graphene-Based Coating with Superior Anti-Corrosion Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5675. [PMID: 36013811 PMCID: PMC9414146 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal corrosion can potentially cause catastrophic engineering accidents threatening personal safety; thus, coating protection is a tremendously valuable anti-corrosion initiative. Recently, biphenylene, a novel two-dimensional (2D) graphene-based material, has achieved a remarkable synthetic breakthrough; the anti-corrosion properties of biphenylene, with its specific pore structure, are predicted to be beneficial in applications of metal corrosion resistance. In this study, the anti-corrosion mechanism of biphenylene is deciphered utilizing first principles and molecular dynamics. The results suggest that biphenylene with tetragonal, hexagonal, and octagonal carbon rings supplies adequate sites for stable O atom adsorption. The charge transfer amounts of +0.477 and +0.420 e facilitate the formation of a compact oxygen-rich layer on the material surface to acquire outstanding anti-corrosion properties. The moderate wettability of biphenylene prevents the water-based solution from encroaching on the biphenylene coating and substrate. In addition, the intensive binding between biphenylene and the aluminum substrate strengthens the integration of the two heterogeneous structures with -413.7 and 415.5 eV, which guarantees the durable application of biphenylene coating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ju Rong
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (J.R.)
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Guo Y, Dong Y, Cai X, Liu L, Jia Y. Controllable Schottky barriers and contact types of BN intercalation layers in graphene/MoSi 2As 4 vdW heterostructures via applying an external electrical field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18331-18339. [PMID: 35880664 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have opened unprecedented opportunities for various device applications due to their rich functionalities and novel physical properties. Motivated by the successful synthesis of a MoSi2N4 monolayer (Science, 2020, 369, 670), in this work by means of first-principles calculations we construct and investigate the interfacial electronic properties of the graphene/MoSi2As4 vdW heterostructure, which is expected to be energetically favorable and stable. Our results show that the graphene/MoSi2As4 heterostructure forms an n-type Schottky contact with a low barrier of 0.12 eV, which is sensitive to the external electric field and the transformation from an n-type Schottky contact to a p-type one can be achieved at 0.2 V Å-1. The small effective masses and strong optical absorption intensity indicate that the graphene/MoSi2As4 heterostructure will have a high carrier mobility and can be applied to high-speed FET. Importantly, we also show that the opening band gap can be achieved in the graphene/BN/MoSi2As4 heterostructure and the type-I band alignment can transform into type-II under an external electric field of -0.2 V Å-1. These findings demonstrate that the graphene/MoSi2As4 heterostructure can be considered as a promising candidate for high-efficiency Schottky nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School, of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yujing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School, of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School, of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.,Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School, of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.,Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.,International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, and School, of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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31
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Zhang L, Tong P. Even-odd chain dependent spin valve effect on a zigzag biphenylene nanoribbon junction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:395301. [PMID: 35839755 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The even-odd chain dependent spin valve effect was forecasted in some honeycomb graphene-like materials with zigzag edges. In this study, we confirm that the even-odd chain related spin valve phenomenon also exists in a zigzag biphenylene nanoribbon (ZBN) junction. By modeling the ZBN junction with different even and odd chains subjected to a local Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and a homogeneous magnetic field, we calculate the spin dependent conductance spectra between the source and the drain electrodes and find that the spin up (down) electron can be inhibited (allowed) to flow through the even (odd)-chain ZBN junction, which can be explained by the combined effect between the pseudo-parity conservation and magnetic field-tunable energy gap in the energy band theory. The switch on and off states of spin valve can be modulated by the most system parameters such as the Fermi energy, magnetic flux, and Rashba SOC. Furthermore, the ZBN can act as a gate-tunable spin generator and spin filter, in which we can get 100% polarized spin up (down) electrons with (no) spin-flipping from the even-chain ZBN junction, and only produce 27% polarized spin-converting electrons from the odd-chain ZBN junction. Our findings might be useful in designing future multi-parameter controllable spin valves by using the new carbon allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqing Tong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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32
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Obeid MM, Ni D, Du PH, Sun Q. Design of Three-Dimensional Metallic Biphenylene Networks for Na-Ion Battery Anodes with a Record High Capacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32043-32055. [PMID: 35816506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Na-ion batteries (NIBs) capture intensive research interest in large-scale energy storage applications because of sodium's abundant resources and low cost. However, the low capacity, poor conductivity, and short cycle life of the commonly used anodes are the main challenges in developing advanced NIBs. Here, stimulated by the recent successful synthesis of biphenylene [Science 2021, 372, 852], we show that these problems can be curbed by assembling armchair biphenylene nanoribbons of different widths into three-dimensional architectures, which lead to homogeneously distributed nanopores with robust structural and mechanical stability. Through density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations combined with the tight-binding model, we find that the assembled 3D biphenylene structures are metallic and thermally stable up to 2500 K, where the metallicity is further identified to originate from the pz-orbitals (π-bonds) of the sp2 carbon atoms. Especially, the optimal assembled structures HexC28 (HexC46) deliver a gravimetric capacity of 956 (1165) mA h g-1 and a volumetric capacity of 1109 (874) mA h mL-1, which are much higher than those of graphite and hard carbon anodes. Moreover, they also show a suitable average potential, negligible volume change, and low diffusion energy barrier. These findings demonstrate that assembling biphenylene nanoribbons is a promising strategy for designing next-generation NIB anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Obeid
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongyuan Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng-Hu Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhang L, Cui Z. Strain Effects on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Blue Phosphorene. Front Chem 2022; 10:951870. [PMID: 35873045 PMCID: PMC9300916 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolayer blue phosphorene (BlueP) systems were investigated under biaxial strain range from −10% to +10%. All these systems exhibit excellent stability, accompanying changes in the electronic and optical properties. BlueP becomes metallic at −10% strain and transforms into a direct semiconductor at 10% strain while maintaining indirect semiconductor behaviors at −8% to +8% strain. The bandgap of BlueP decreases linearly with strain, and tensile strain exhibits a more moderate bandgap modulation than compressive strain. The real part of the dielectric function of BlueP is enhanced under compressive strain, while the optical absorption in the visible and the infrared light regions increases significantly under tensile strain. The maximum absorption coefficient of 0.52 ×105/cm occurs at 530 nm with the 10% strain. Our analysis indicates that the semiconductor–metal transition and the indirect–direct bandgap transition are the competition results of the energy states near the Fermi level under a massive strain. The potent compressive strain leads the py orbitals of the conduction band to move downward and pass through the Fermi level at the K point. The robust tensile strain guides the energy states at the Γ point to approach the Fermi level and become the band edges. Our results suggest that the energy storage capacity of BlueP can be significantly improved by compressive strain, while the visible light photocatalytic performance is enhanced by tensile strains of less than 8%. Our works provide a reference for the practical applications of BlueP in photocatalyst, photovoltaic cells, and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Cui,
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34
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Fan Q, Chen S, Zhao Y, Yu X, Yun S. Tower carbon: a new large-cell carbon allotrope. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:365702. [PMID: 35760066 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7c4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structural development of novel carbon materials has always been a hot spot in theoretical and experimental research, due to carbon possess a wide range of applications in the fields of industry and electronic technology. In this work, ansp2+sp3hybrid carbon allotrope, named tower carbon, is proposed and studied based on density functional theory, including its structure, stability, electronic and mechanical properties. The crystal structure of tower carbon is like a Chinese classical architectural tower, so it is named tower carbon, which belongs to the cubic crystal system, and it is stable in thermodynamics, dynamics, and mechanics. The electronic band structure of tower carbon is calculated by Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional. The results show that tower carbon is metallic material. In addition, the anisotropy factor of tower carbon and the directional dependence of Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio are estimated. Compared with cF320, the tower carbon has less anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Fan
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Nano Materials and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiming Chen
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhai Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hetao College, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 015000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
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35
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Xie Y, Chen L, Xu J, Liu W. Effective regulation of the electronic properties of a biphenylene network by hydrogenation and halogenation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20088-20095. [PMID: 35919605 PMCID: PMC9272470 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03673h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A biphenylene network, the first synthesized non-graphene planar carbon allotrope composed entirely of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted widespread interest due to its unique structure, and electronic and mechanical properties. A pristine biphenylene network is metallic, and the effective regulation of its electronic properties will greatly expand its application in the fields of optoelectronics, nanoelectronic devices and photocatalysis. In this paper, the hydrogenation and halogenation of biphenylene networks were investigated using density functional theory, and their electronic properties were tuned by varying the functionalization concentration. Calculation results show that the maximum functionalization degree is CH1.00, CF1.00, CCl0.67 and CBr0.33, respectively. The band gap could be modulated in the range of 0.00-4.86 eV by hydrogenation, 0.012-4.82 eV by fluorination, 0.090-3.44 eV by chlorination, and 0.017-1.73 eV by bromination. It is also found that CH x (x = 0.92, 1.00), CF x (x = 0.75, 1.00), and CCl x (x = 0.42-0.67) have the potential to photolyse water. Our research indicates that hydrogenation and halogenation can effectively regulate the electronic properties of the biphenylene network by controlling the concentration of functionalization, thus expanding its potential applications in the field of electronic devices and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Xie
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P. R. China
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36
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Effects of 3d transition metal impurities and vacancy defects on electronic and magnetic properties of pentagonal Pd 2S 4: competition between exchange splitting and crystal fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10838. [PMID: 35761014 PMCID: PMC9237093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we first investigate the electronic properties of the two-dimensional structure of dichalcogenide Pd2S4. These properties strongly depend on the crystal field splitting which can change by atomic vacancies (S and Pd vacancies). The main purpose of the present paper is to create remarkable magnetic properties in the system by adding 3d transition metal atoms where the presence of Mn, Cr, and Fe creates the exchange interaction in the system as well as change in the crystal field. The created magnetic properties strongly depend on the competition between exchange interaction and crystal field to separate the levels of d orbitals. In addition, the presence of the transition metals in the structures with S and Pd vacancy has been investigated carefully. The calculations demonstrate that we can achieve an extensive range of magnetic moment up to 3.131 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mu }_{B}$$\end{document}μB. The maximum one is obtained in the presence of Mn and absence of sulfur while some of the doped structures does not have magnetic moment. Our results show that Pd vacancy in the presence of Cr, Mn and Fe metals increases the magnetic property of the Pd2S4 structure. The extensiveness and variety of the obtained properties can be used for different magnetic and non-magnetic applications.
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37
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Farzadian O, Dehaghani MZ, Kostas KV, Mashhadzadeh AH, Spitas C. A theoretical insight into phonon heat transport in graphene/biphenylene superlattice nanoribbons: a molecular dynamic study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:355705. [PMID: 35613550 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the thermal conductivity of nanomaterials is an efficacious approach to fabricate tailor-made nanodevices for thermoelectric applications. To this end, superlattice nanostructures can be used to achieve minimal thermal conductivity for the employed nanomaterials. Two-dimensional biphenylene is a recently-synthesized sp2-hybridized allotrope of carbon atoms that can be employed in superlattice nanostructures and therefore further investigation in this context is due. In this study, we first determined the thermal conductivity of biphenylene at 142.8 W mK-1which is significantly lower than that of graphene. As a second step, we studied the effect of the superlattice period (lp) on thermal conductivities of the employed graphene/biphenylene superlattice nanoribbons, using molecular dynamics simulations. We calculated a minimum thermal conductivity of 105.5 W mK-1atlp= 5.066 nm which indicates an achieved thermal conductivity reduction of approximately 97% and 26% when compared to pristine graphene and biphenylene, respectively. This superlattice period denotes the phonon coherent length at which the wave-like behavior of phonons starts prevailing over the particle-like behavior. Finally, the effects of temperature and temperature gradient on the thermal conductivity of superlattice were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farzadian
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Konstantinos V Kostas
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Christos Spitas
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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38
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Ren K, Shu H, Huo W, Cui Z, Xu Y. Tuning electronic, magnetic and catalytic behaviors of biphenylene network by atomic doping. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:345701. [PMID: 35561655 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6f64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new two-dimensional allotrope of carbon named biphenylene has been experimentally synthesized. First-principles calculations are preformed to investigate the electronic properties of biphenylene and the doping effect is also considered to tune its electronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties. The metallic nature with an n-type Dirac cone is observed in the biphenylene. The magnetism can be induced by Fe, Cl, Cr, and Mn doping. More importantly, the doping position dependence of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of biphenylene is addressed, which can be significantly improved by atomic doping. In particular, the barrier for HER of Fe doping case is only -0.03 eV, denoting its great potential in HER catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabing Shu
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Huo
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Xu
- Independent Researcher, People's Republic of China
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39
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Zhang L, Cui Z. Theoretical Study on Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Non-Metal Atoms Adsorbed onto Germanium Carbide. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101712. [PMID: 35630933 PMCID: PMC9147664 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nine kinds of non-metal atoms adsorbed into germanium carbide (NM-GeC) systems wereare investigated by first-principles calculations. The results show that the most stable adsorption positions vary with the NM atoms, and C-GeC exhibits the strongest adsorption. The adsorption of NM atoms causes changes in the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of the GeC system. F- and Cl-GeC turn into magnetic metals, P-GeC becomes a half-metal and H- and B-GeC appear as non-magnetic metals. Although C- and O-GeC remain non-magnetic semiconductors, N-GeC presents the behaviors of a magnetic semiconductor. Work function decreases in H-, B- and N-SiC, reaching a minimum of 3.37 eV in H-GeC, which is 78.9% of the pristine GeC. In the visible light region, redshifts occur in the absorption spectrum of C-GeC , with strong absorption in the wavelength range from 400 to 600 nm. Our analysis shows that the magnetism in semiconducting NM-GeC is attributed to the spinning state of the unbonded electrons of the NM atoms. Our study demonstrates the applications of NM-GeC in spintronics, optoelectronics and photovoltaic cells, and it provides a reference for analyzing magnetism in semiconducting NM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang L, Cui Z. Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Performances of Non-Metals Doped Silicon Carbide. Front Chem 2022; 10:898174. [PMID: 35518716 PMCID: PMC9062037 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.898174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The configurations of nine different non-metals doped silicon carbide (NM-SiC) were structured by using the density functional theory (DFT). The magnetic, electronic, and optical properties of each NM-SiC are investigated at the most stable structure with the maximum binding energy. Although the O-, Si-, and S-SiC systems are still non-magnetic semiconductors, the N- and P-SiC systems have the properties of the magnetic semiconductors. The H-, F-, and Cl-SiC systems exhibit the half-metal behaviors, while the B-SiC system converts to magnetic metal. The redistribution of charges occurs between non-metals atoms and adjacent C atoms. For the same doping position, the more charges are transferred, the greater the binding energy of the NM-SiC system. The work function of the NM-SiC systems is also adjusted by the doping of NM atoms, and achieves the minimum 3.70 eV in the P-SiC, just 77.1% of the original SiC. The absorption spectrum of the NM-SiC systems occurs red-shift in the ultraviolet light region, accompanying the decrease of absorption coefficient. These adjustable magnetic, electronic, and optical performances of NM-SiC expand the application fields of two-dimensional (2D) SiC, especially in designing field emission and spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
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41
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He J, Zheng B, Xie Y, Qian YY, Zhang J, Wang K, Yang L, Yu HT. Effects of adatom species on the structure, stability, and work function of adatom-α-borophene nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8923-8939. [PMID: 35373802 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Work function-tunable borophene-based electrode materials are of significant importance because they promote efficient carrier extraction/injection, thereby enabling electronic devices to achieve maximum energy conversion efficiency. Accordingly, determining the work function of adatom-borophene nanocomposites within a series wherein the adatom is systematically changed will facilitate the design of such materials. In this study, we theoretically determined that the M-B bond length, binding energy, electron transfer between adatoms and BBP, and work function (ϕ) are linearly dependent on the ionization potential (IP) and electronegativity for thermodynamically and kinetically stable adatom-α-borophene (M/BBP) systems involving a series of alkali (earth) metal/BBP (M = Li-Cs; Be-Ba) and halogen/BBP (M = F-I), respectively. However, the binding energies of Li/BBP and Be/BBP deviate from these dependencies owing to their super small adatoms and the resulting significantly enhanced effective M-B bonding areas. By interpreting the electron transfer picture among the different parts of M/BBP, we confirmed that metallic M/BBP possesses ionic sp-p and dsp-p M-B bonds in alkali (earth) metal/BBP but covalent-featured ionic p-p interactions in halogen/BBP. In particular, the direct proportionality between IP and ϕ for alkali (earth) metal/BBP originates from the synergistic effect of charge rearrangement and the increased induced dipole moment; however, the inverse proportionality between electronegativity and ϕ for halogen/BBP arises from the adsorption induced charge redistribution. Our results provide guidance for experimental efforts toward the realization of work function-tunable borophene-based electrodes as well as insight into the bonding rules between various adatoms and α-borophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yin-Yin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.,School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
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Shahrokhi M, Mortazavi B, Shojaei F. Comment on 'Biphenylene monolayer as a two-dimensional nonbenzenoid carbon allotrope: a first-principles study'. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:248001. [PMID: 35320790 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bohayra Mortazavi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Photonics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 11, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fazel Shojaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
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Sun W, Shen Y, Ni D, Wang Q. A biphenylene nanoribbon-based 3D metallic and ductile carbon allotrope. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3801-3807. [PMID: 35191443 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assembling two-dimensional (2D) sheets for three-dimensional (3D) functional materials is of current interest. Motivated by the recent experimental synthesis of 2D biphenylene [Science372 (2021) 852], we propose a new porous 3D metallic carbon structure, named T48-carbon, by using biphenylene nanoribbons as the building block. Based on state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, we find that T48-carbon is not only dynamically, thermally, and mechanically stable, but also energetically more favorable as compared with some other theoretically predicted carbon allotropes. Especially, T48-carbon exhibits mechanical anisotropy, ductility and intrinsic metallicity. A detailed analysis of electronic properties reveals that the metallicity mainly comes from the pz-orbital of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. This work shows the promise of design and synthesis of 3D biphenylene-based metallic carbon materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- CAPT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS, BKL-MEMD, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yiheng Shen
- CAPT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS, BKL-MEMD, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dongyuan Ni
- CAPT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS, BKL-MEMD, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- CAPT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS, BKL-MEMD, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Adsorption studies of SF6 and decomposed constituents on 4-8 arsenene nanotubes – a first-principles study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Wang W, Wu Y, Chen D, Liu H, Xu M, Liu X, Xin L. The surface reconstruction induced enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction on α-SnWO 4 (010) based on a density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19382-19392. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is possible to stabilize the O–W, O–Sn, R–OOSn and ST3 terminations of the α-SnWO4(010) surface. The O–Sn termination exhibits a low overpotential value of 0.51 V, showing remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Deliang Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Mei Xu
- School of Physical and Electronic Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- School of Physical and Electronic Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lipeng Xin
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Ren K, Zheng R, Yu J, Sun Q, Li J. Band Bending Mechanism in CdO/Arsenene Heterostructure: A Potential Direct Z-scheme Photocatalyst. Front Chem 2021; 9:788813. [PMID: 34869235 PMCID: PMC8641692 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.788813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the few years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused general focus. In order to expand the properties and application range of 2D materials, two different layered materials are usually combined into heterostructure through van der Waals (vdW) interaction. In this research, based on first-principles simulation, we propose CdO/Arsenene (CdO/As) vdW heterostructure as a semiconductor possessing a direct bandgap by 2.179 eV. Besides, the CdO/As vdW heterostructure presents type-II band alignment, which can be used as a remarkable photocatalyst. Importantly, the CdO/As heterostructure demonstrates a direct Z-type principle photocatalyst by exploring the band bending mechanism in the heterostructure. Furthermore, we calculated the light absorption characteristics of CdO/As vdW heterostructure by optical absorption spectrum and conversion efficiency of a novel solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (η STH) about 11.67%, which is much higher than that of other 2D photocatalysts. Our work can provide a theoretical guidance for the designing of Z-scheme photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruxin Zheng
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
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