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Dhull A, Zhang Z, Sharma R, Dar AI, Rani A, Wei J, Gopalakrishnan S, Ghannam A, Hahn V, Pulukuri AJ, Tasevski S, Moughni S, Wu BJ, Sharma A. Discovery of 2-deoxy glucose surfaced mixed layer dendrimer: a smart neuron targeted systemic drug delivery system for brain diseases. Theranostics 2024; 14:3221-3245. [PMID: 38855177 PMCID: PMC11155412 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The availability of non-invasive drug delivery systems capable of efficiently transporting bioactive molecules across the blood-brain barrier to specific cells at the injury site in the brain is currently limited. Delivering drugs to neurons presents an even more formidable challenge due to their lower numbers and less phagocytic nature compared to other brain cells. Additionally, the diverse types of neurons, each performing specific functions, necessitate precise targeting of those implicated in the disease. Moreover, the complex synthetic design of drug delivery systems often hinders their clinical translation. The production of nanomaterials at an industrial scale with high reproducibility and purity is particularly challenging. However, overcoming this challenge is possible by designing nanomaterials through a straightforward, facile, and easily reproducible synthetic process. Methods: In this study, we have developed a third-generation 2-deoxy-glucose functionalized mixed layer dendrimer (2DG-D) utilizing biocompatible and cost-effective materials via a highly facile convergent approach, employing copper-catalyzed click chemistry. We further evaluated the systemic neuronal targeting and biodistribution of 2DG-D, and brain delivery of a neuroprotective agent pioglitazone (Pio) in a pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Results: The 2DG-D exhibits favorable characteristics including high water solubility, biocompatibility, biological stability, nanoscale size, and a substantial number of end groups suitable for drug conjugation. Upon systemic administration in a pediatric mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the 2DG-D localizes in neurons at the injured brain site, clears rapidly from off-target locations, effectively delivers Pio, ameliorates neuroinflammation, and improves behavioral outcomes. Conclusions: The promising in vivo results coupled with a convenient synthetic approach for the construction of 2DG-D makes it a potential nanoplatform for addressing brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Dhull
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan -Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, USA 48128
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
| | - Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99202
| | - Shamila Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
| | - Amanda Ghannam
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan -Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, USA 48128
| | - Victoria Hahn
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan -Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, USA 48128
| | - Anunay James Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
| | - Stefanie Tasevski
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan -Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, USA 48128
| | - Sara Moughni
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan -Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, USA 48128
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA 99202
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, USA 99164
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2
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Grujic M, Alim MA, Hellman L, Peterson M, Pejler G. Mast Cells are Dependent on Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 for IgE-mediated Activation. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8. [PMID: 38565760 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are known to have a pathological impact in a variety of settings, in particular in allergic conditions. There is also limited evidence implicating MCs in diabetes, raising the possibility that MC function may be influenced by alterations in glucose levels. However, it is not known whether MCs are directly affected by elevated glucose concentrations. Moreover, it is not known which glucose transporters that are expressed by MCs, and whether MCs are dependent on glucose transporters for activation. Here we addressed these issues. We show that MCs express high levels of both glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/Slc2A1) and GLUT3 (Slc2A3). Further, we show that the inhibition of either GLUT1 or GLUT3 dampens both MC degranulation and cytokine induction in response to IgE receptor crosslinking, and that combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition causes an even more pronounced inhibition of these parameters. In contrast, the inhibition of GLUT1 or GLUT3, or combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition, had less impact on the ability of the MCs to respond to activation via compound 48/80. Elevated glucose concentrations did not affect MC viability, and had no stimulatory effect on MC responses to either IgE receptor crosslinking or compound 48/80. Altogether, these findings reveal that MCs are strongly dependent on glucose transport via GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 for optimal responses towards IgE-mediated activation, whereas MC functionality is minimally affected by elevated glucose levels. Based on these findings, antagonists of GLUT1 and GLUT3 may be considered for therapeutic intervention in allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Grujic
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
- University of Cambridge, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lars Hellman
- Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Peterson
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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da Rocha LS, Mendes CB, Silva JS, Alcides RLGF, Mendonça IP, Andrade-da-Costa BLS, Machado SS, Ximenes-da-Silva A. Triheptanoin, an odd-medium-chain triglyceride, impacts brain cognitive function in young and aged mice. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:212-222. [PMID: 36809120 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2178096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe brain aging process triggers cognitive function impairment, such as memory loss and compromised quality of life. Cognitive impairment is based on bioenergetic status, with reduced glucose uptake and metabolism in aged brains. Anaplerotic substrates are reported to promote mitochondrial ATP generation, having been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of neurological disorders and metabolic diseases.Objectives and Methods: To assess whether the improvement in oxidative capacity ameliorates cognitive function in adults (12 weeks), and aged (22-month-old) C57/6BJ mice, they received (1) a ketogenic diet, (2) a ketogenic diet supplemented with the anaplerotic substance, triheptanoin, or (3) a control diet for 12 weeks. Spontaneous alternation and time spent in a previously closed arm in the Y-maze test and time interacting with an unknown object in the novel object recognition test (NORT) were used to evaluate working memory. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the prefrontal lobe, brain left hemisphere, and cerebellum was also evaluated. Glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) expression in the prefrontal lobe was analyzed by western blotting.Results: The ketogenic diet (KD) reduced spontaneous alternation in aged mice, leading to lower AChE activity in the aged prefrontal lobe and cerebellum, and in the parieto-temporal-occipital lobe of adult mice. Furthermore, KD decreased GLUT3 protein expression in the frontal lobe of the adults.Discussion: Supplementation of KD with triheptanoin prevented memory impairment and showed similar values of AChE activity and GLUT3 expression compared to the controls. Our data suggest that triheptanoin has a potential role in the bioenergetic capacity of the brain, improving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S da Rocha
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - C B Mendes
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - J S Silva
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - R L G F Alcides
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - I P Mendonça
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - B L S Andrade-da-Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - S S Machado
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - A Ximenes-da-Silva
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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4
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Ali R, Alhaj Sulaiman A, Memon B, Pradhan S, Algethami M, Aouida M, McKay G, Madhusudan S, Abdelalim EM, Ramotar D. Altered Regulation of the Glucose Transporter GLUT3 in PRDX1 Null Cells Caused Hypersensitivity to Arsenite. Cells 2023; 12:2682. [PMID: 38067110 PMCID: PMC10705171 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumour metabolism through glucose transporters is an attractive approach. However, the role these transporters play through interaction with other signalling proteins is not yet defined. The glucose transporter SLC2A3 (GLUT3) is a member of the solute carrier transporter proteins. GLUT3 has a high affinity for D-glucose and regulates glucose uptake in the neurons, as well as other tissues. Herein, we show that GLUT3 is involved in the uptake of arsenite, and its level is regulated by peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1). In the absence of PRDX1, GLUT3 mRNA and protein expression levels are low, but they are increased upon arsenite treatment, correlating with an increased uptake of glucose. The downregulation of GLUT3 by siRNA or deletion of the gene by CRISPR cas-9 confers resistance to arsenite. Additionally, the overexpression of GLUT3 sensitises the cells to arsenite. We further show that GLUT3 interacts with PRDX1, and it forms nuclear foci, which are redistributed upon arsenite exposure, as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis. We propose that GLUT3 plays a role in mediating the uptake of arsenite into cells, and its homeostatic and redox states are tightly regulated by PRDX1. As such, GLUT3 and PRDX1 are likely to be novel targets for arsenite-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Bushra Memon
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (E.M.A.)
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Singdhendubala Pradhan
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar; (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (M.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Mustapha Aouida
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Gordon McKay
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar; (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (M.A.); (S.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (E.M.A.)
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Dindial Ramotar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.A.S.); (B.M.); (M.A.); (E.M.A.)
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Yu DM, Zhao J, Lee EE, Kim D, Mahapatra R, Rose EK, Zhou Z, Hosler C, El Kurdi A, Choe JY, Abel ED, Hoxhaj G, Westover KD, Cho RJ, Cheng JB, Wang RC. GLUT3 promotes macrophage signaling and function via RAS-mediated endocytosis in atopic dermatitis and wound healing. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170706. [PMID: 37721853 PMCID: PMC10617774 DOI: 10.1172/jci170706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The facilitative GLUT1 and GLUT3 hexose transporters are expressed abundantly in macrophages, but whether they have distinct functions remains unclear. We confirmed that GLUT1 expression increased after M1 polarization stimuli and found that GLUT3 expression increased after M2 stimulation in macrophages. Conditional deletion of Glut3 (LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl) impaired M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Alternatively activated macrophages from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis showed increased GLUT3 expression, and a calcipotriol-induced model of atopic dermatitis was rescued in LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice. M2-like macrophages expressed GLUT3 in human wound tissues as assessed by transcriptomics and costaining, and GLUT3 expression was significantly decreased in nonhealing, compared with healing, diabetic foot ulcers. In an excisional wound healing model, LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice showed significantly impaired M2 macrophage polarization and delayed wound healing. GLUT3 promoted IL-4/STAT6 signaling, independently of its glucose transport activity. Unlike plasma membrane-localized GLUT1, GLUT3 was localized primarily to endosomes and was required for the efficient endocytosis of IL-4Rα subunits. GLUT3 interacted directly with GTP-bound RAS in vitro and in vivo through its intracytoplasmic loop domain, and this interaction was required for efficient STAT6 activation and M2 polarization. PAK activation and macropinocytosis were also impaired without GLUT3, suggesting broader roles for GLUT3 in the regulation of endocytosis. Thus, GLUT3 is required for efficient alternative macrophage polarization and function, through a glucose transport-independent, RAS-mediated role in the regulation of endocytosis and IL-4/STAT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Yu
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunice E. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dohun Kim
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Ruchika Mahapatra
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elysha K. Rose
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Calvin Hosler
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Kenneth D. Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond J. Cho
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Schlessinger A, Zatorski N, Hutchinson K, Colas C. Targeting SLC transporters: small molecules as modulators and therapeutic opportunities. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:801-814. [PMID: 37355450 PMCID: PMC10525040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLCs) transporters mediate the transport of a broad range of solutes across biological membranes. Dysregulation of SLCs has been associated with various pathologies, including metabolic and neurological disorders, as well as cancer and rare diseases. SLCs are therefore emerging as key targets for therapeutic intervention with several recently approved drugs targeting these proteins. Unlocking this large and complex group of proteins is essential to identifying unknown SLC targets and developing next-generation SLC therapeutics. Recent progress in experimental and computational techniques has significantly advanced SLC research, including drug discovery. Here, we review emerging topics in therapeutic discovery of SLCs, focusing on state-of-the-art approaches in structural, chemical, and computational biology, and discuss current challenges in transporter drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Nicole Zatorski
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Claire Colas
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria.
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Gora N, Weselinski LJ, Begoyan VV, Cooper A, Choe JY, Tanasova M. Discrimination of GLUTs by Fructose Isomers Enables Simultaneous Screening of GLUT5 and GLUT2 Activity in Live Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1089-1100. [PMID: 37116192 PMCID: PMC10566446 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Facilitative carbohydrate transporters (GLUTs, SLC2 gene family) are transmembrane proteins transporting hexoses and other sugars based on cellular metabolic demands. While a direct link between GLUTs and metabolic disorders has framed them as important biological and medicinal targets, targeting disease-relevant GLUTs remains challenging. In this study, we aimed to identify substrate-GLUT interactions that would discriminate between major fructose transporters. We examined the uptake distribution for conformational and configurational isomers of fructose using the corresponding conformationally locked fluorescently labeled mimetics as probes for assessing GLUT preferences in real time. Through comparative analysis of the uptake of the probes in the yeast-based single GLUT expression systems and the multi-GLUT mammalian cell environment, we established the ability of fructose transporters to discriminate between fructose conformers and epimers. We demonstrated that recreating the conformational and configurational mixture of fructose with molecular probes allows for the specific probe distribution, with fructofuranose mimetic being taken up preferentially through GLUT5 and β-d-fructopyranose mimetic passing through GLUT2. The uptake of α-d-fructopyranose mimetic was found to be independent of GLUT5 or GLUT2. The results of this study provide a new approach to analyzing GLUT5 and GLUT2 activity in live cells, and the findings can be used as a proof-of-concept for multi-GLUT activity screening in live cells. The research also provides new knowledge on substrate-GLUT interactions and new tools for monitoring alterations in GLUT activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Gora
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Lukasz J Weselinski
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Vagarshak V Begoyan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Andrew Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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8
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Wu WZ, Bai YP. Endothelial GLUTs and vascular biology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114151. [PMID: 36565587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial metabolism is a promising target for vascular functional regulation and disease therapy. Glucose is the primary fuel for endothelial metabolism, supporting ATP generation and endothelial cell survival. Multiple studies have discussed the role of endothelial glucose catabolism, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, in vascular functional remodeling. However, the role of the first gatekeepers of endothelial glucose utilization, glucose transporters, in the vasculature has long been neglected. Here, this review summarizes glucose transporter studies in vascular research. We mainly focus on GLUT1 and GLUT3 because they are the most critical glucose transporters responsible for most endothelial glucose uptake. Some interesting topics are also discussed, intending to provide directions for endothelial glucose transporter research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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9
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Jiang X, Yan N, Deng D, Yan C. Structural aspects of the glucose and monocarboxylate transporters involved in the Warburg effect. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1180-1199. [PMID: 36082803 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells shift their glucose catabolism from aerobic respiration to lactic fermentation even in the presence of oxygen, and this is known as the "Warburg effect". To accommodate the high glucose demands and to avoid lactate accumulation, the expression levels of human glucose transporters (GLUTs) and human monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are elevated to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, inhibition of GLUTs and/or MCTs provides potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize recent advances in the structural characterization of GLUTs and MCTs, providing a comprehensive understanding of their transport and inhibition mechanisms to facilitate further development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dong Deng
- Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuangye Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Heterologous (Over) Expression of Human SoLute Carrier (SLC) in Yeast: A Well-Recognized Tool for Human Transporter Function/Structure Studies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081206. [PMID: 36013385 PMCID: PMC9410066 DOI: 10.3390/life12081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For more than 20 years, yeast has been a widely used system for the expression of human membrane transporters. Among them, more than 400 are members of the largest transporter family, the SLC superfamily. SLCs play critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis by transporting nutrients, ions, and waste products. Based on their involvement in drug absorption and in several human diseases, they are considered emerging therapeutic targets. Despite their critical role in human health, a large part of SLCs' is 'orphans' for substrate specificity or function. Moreover, very few data are available concerning their 3D structure. On the basis of the human health benefits of filling these knowledge gaps, an understanding of protein expression in systems that allow functional production of these proteins is essential. Among the 500 known yeast species, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris represent those most employed for this purpose. This review aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art on the attempts of human SLC expression performed by exploiting yeast. The collected data will hopefully be useful for guiding new attempts in SLCs expression with the aim to reveal new fundamental data that could lead to potential effects on human health.
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