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Li G, Li D, Lan B, Chen Y, Zhang W, Li B, Liu Y, Fan H, Lu H. Functional nanotransducer-mediated wireless neural modulation techniques. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:14TR02. [PMID: 38959904 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad5ef0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials have emerged as versatile nanotransducers for wireless neural modulation because of their minimal invasion and high spatiotemporal resolution. The nanotransducers can convert external excitation sources (e.g. NIR light, x-rays, and magnetic fields) to visible light (or local heat) to activate optogenetic opsins and thermosensitive ion channels for neuromodulation. The present review provides insights into the fundamentals of the mostly used functional nanomaterials in wireless neuromodulation including upconversion nanoparticles, nanoscintillators, and magnetic nanoparticles. We further discussed the recent developments in design strategies of functional nanomaterials with enhanced energy conversion performance that have greatly expanded the field of neuromodulation. We summarized the applications of functional nanomaterials-mediated wireless neuromodulation techniques, including exciting/silencing neurons, modulating brain activity, controlling motor behaviors, and regulating peripheral organ function in mice. Finally, we discussed some key considerations in functional nanotransducer-mediated wireless neuromodulation along with the current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Fan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Ling H, Guan D, Wen R, Hu J, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Effect of Surface Modification on the Luminescence of Individual Upconversion Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309035. [PMID: 38234137 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) hold promise for single-molecule imaging owing to their excellent photostability and minimal autofluorescence. However, their limited water dispersibility, often from the hydrophobic oleic acid ligand during synthesis, is a challenge. To address this, various surface modification strategies' impact on single-particle upconversion luminescence are studied. UCNPs are made hydrophilic through methods like ligand exchange with dye IR806, HCl or NOBF4 treatment, silica coating (SiO2 or mesoporous mSiO2), and self-assembly with polymer of DSPE-PEG or F127. The studies revealed that UCNPs modified with NOBF4 and DSPE-PEG exhibited notably higher single-particle brightness with minimal quenching (3% and 8%, respectively), followed by SiO2, F127, IR806, mSiO2, and HCl (84% quenching). HCl disrupted UCNPs's crystal lattice, weakening luminescence, while mSiO2 absorbed solvent molecules, causing luminescence quenching. Energy transfer to IR806 also reduced the brightness. Additionally, a prevalence of upconversion red emission over green is observed, with the red-to-green ratio increasing with irradiance. UCNPs coated with DSPE-PEG exhibited the brightest single-particle luminescence in water, retaining 48% of its original emission due to a lower critical micelle concentration and superior water protection. In summary, the investigation provides valuable insights into the role of surface chemistry on UCNPs at the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ling
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Daoming Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rongrong Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhong H, Xiong L, Song J, Zhang X, He T, Zhou X, Li L, Zhen D. Recent progress of UCNPs-MoS 2 nanocomposites as a platform for biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5024-5038. [PMID: 38712810 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Composite materials can take advantages of the functional benefits of multiple pure nanomaterials to a greater degree than single nanomaterials alone. The UCNPs-MoS2 composite is a nano-application platform that combines upconversion luminescence and photothermal properties. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are inorganic nanomaterials with long-wavelength excitation and short-wavelength tunable emission capabilities, and are able to effectively convert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light for increased photostability. However, UCNPs have a low capacity for absorbing visible light, whereas MoS2 shows better absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions. By integrating the benefits of UCNPs and MoS2, UCNPs-MoS2 nanocomposites can convert NIR light with a higher depth of detection into visible light for application with MoS2 through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which compensates for the issues of MoS2's low tissue penetration light-absorbing wavelengths and expands its potential biological applications. Therefore, starting from the construction of UCNPs-MoS2 nanoplatforms, herein, we review the research progress in biological applications, including biosensing, phototherapy, bioimaging, and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, the current challenges and future development trends of UCNPs-MoS2 nanocomposites for biological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Yiru Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Huimei Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Lihao Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Jiayi Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Ting He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xiayu Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Deshuai Zhen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Machová Urdzíková L, Mareková D, Vasylyshyn T, Matouš P, Patsula V, Oleksa V, Shapoval O, Vosmanská M, Liebl D, Benda A, Herynek V, Horák D, Jendelová P. Toxicity of Large and Small Surface-Engineered Upconverting Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioapplications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5294. [PMID: 38791332 PMCID: PMC11121289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, spherical or hexagonal NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles (UCNPs) with sizes of 25 nm (S-UCNPs) and 120 nm (L-UCNPs) were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation and subsequently modified with three kinds of polymers. These included poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide) [P(DMA-AEA)] terminated with an alendronate anchoring group, and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). The internalization of nanoparticles by rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and C6 cancer cells (rat glial tumor cell line) was visualized by electron microscopy and the cytotoxicity of the UCNPs and their leaches was measured by the real-time proliferation assay. The comet assay was used to determine the oxidative damage of the UCNPs. An in vivo study on mice determined the elimination route and potential accumulation of UCNPs in the body. The results showed that the L- and S-UCNPs were internalized into cells in the lumen of endosomes. The proliferation assay revealed that the L-UCNPs were less toxic than S-UCNPs. The viability of rMSCs incubated with particles decreased in the order S-UCNP@Ale-(PDMA-AEA) > S-UCNP@Ale-PEG > S-UCNPs > S-UCNP@PMVEMA. Similar results were obtained in C6 cells. The oxidative damage measured by the comet assay showed that neat L-UCNPs caused more oxidative damage to rMSCs than all coated UCNPs while no difference was observed in C6 cells. An in vivo study indicated that L-UCNPs were eliminated from the body via the hepatobiliary route; L-UCNP@Ale-PEG particles were almost eliminated from the liver 96 h after intravenous application. Pilot fluorescence imaging confirmed the limited in vivo detection capabilities of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Machová Urdzíková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Dana Mareková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Taras Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Petr Matouš
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (V.H.)
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Viktoriia Oleksa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Magda Vosmanská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - David Liebl
- Imaging Methods Core Facility, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec-Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic; (D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleš Benda
- Imaging Methods Core Facility, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec-Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic; (D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Vít Herynek
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (V.H.)
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.U.); (D.M.)
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Ateş B, Ulu A, Asiltürk M, Noma SAA, Topel SD, Dik G, Özhan O, Bakar B, Yıldız A, Vardı N, Parlakpınar H. Enhancement of enzyme activity by laser-induced energy propulsion of upconverting nanoparticles under near-infrared light: A comprehensive methodology for in vitro and in vivo applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129343. [PMID: 38242401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
If the appropriate immobilization method and carrier support are not selected, partial decreases in the activity of enzymes may occur after immobilization. Herein, to overcome this challenge, an excitation mechanism that enables energy transfer was proposed. Modified upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were constructed and the important role of near-infrared (NIR) excitation in enhancing the catalytic activity of the enzyme was demonstrated. For this purpose, UCNPs were first synthesized via the hydrothermal method, functionalized with isocyanate groups, and then, PEG-L-ASNase was immobilized via covalent binding. UCNPs with and without PEG-L-ASNase were extensively characterized by different methods. These supports had immobilization yield and activity efficiency of >96 % and 78 %, respectively. Moreover, immobilized enzymes exhibited improved pH, thermal, and storage stability. In addition, they retained >65 % of their initial activity even after 20 catalytic cycles. Biochemical and histological findings did not indicate a trend of toxicity in rats due to UCNPs. Most importantly, PEG-L-ASNase activity was triggered approximately 5- and 2-fold under in vitro and in vivo conditions, respectively. Overall, it is anticipated that this pioneering work will shed new light on the realistic and promising usage of NIR-excited UCNPs for the immobilization of enzymes in expensive and extensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye.
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye.
| | - Meltem Asiltürk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Samir Abbas Ali Noma
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Seda Demirel Topel
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Dik
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Onural Özhan
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Büşra Bakar
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Azibe Yıldız
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Nigar Vardı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpınar
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
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Nalupurackal G, Singh J, Roy S, Lokesh M, Chakraborty S, Goswami J, Bhattacharya A, Sinha Mahapatra P, Ganesan AR, Roy B. Estimation of the proximal temperature rise of an excited upconversion particle by detecting the wavefront of emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6011-6024. [PMID: 38439314 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the temperature distribution within a local environment at the micro and nanoscale is vital as many processes are solely thermal. Various thermometric techniques have been explored in the community, and out of these, fluorescent nano/micro particle-based mechanisms are accepted widely (fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) techniques, where the ratio of populations in two consecutive energy levels is compared with Boltzmann distribution). We describe a new technique to account for the temperature rise near an illuminated upconverting particle (UCP) using wavefront imaging, which is more sensitive than the conventional thermometric techniques on the microscale. We rely on a thermo-optical phase microscopic technique by reconstructing the wavefront of emission from an upconverting particle using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The wavefront maps the local phase distribution, which is an indicator of the surroundings' optical parameters, particularly the suspended medium's temperature-induced refractive index in the presence of convection currents. We describe how these extracted phase values can provide information about the optical heating due to the particle and hence its local environment along the direction of the emission. Our findings demonstrate the detection of a minimum temperature rise of 0.23 K, while the FIR methods indicate a minimum of 0.3 K rise. This technique is used to study the temperature increase in the backscattered direction for an upconverting particle illuminated on pump resonance. We also estimate the Soret coefficient for an upconverting particle optically trapped on pump resonance and experiencing anisotropic heating across the body.
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Gültekin HE, Yaşayan G, Bal-Öztürk A, Bigham A, Simchi AA, Zarepour A, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Advancements and applications of upconversion nanoparticles in wound dressings. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:363-387. [PMID: 37955196 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that requires effective management to prevent infections and promote efficient tissue regeneration. In recent years, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have emerged as promising materials for wound dressing applications due to their unique optical properties and potential therapeutic functionalities. These nanoparticles possess enhanced antibacterial properties when functionalized with antibacterial agents, helping to prevent infections, a common complication in wound healing. They can serve as carriers for controlled drug delivery, enabling targeted release of therapeutic agents to the wound site, allowing for tailored treatment and optimal healing conditions. These nanoparticles possess the ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into the visible and/or ultraviolet (UV) regions, making them suitable for therapeutic (photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy) and diagnostic applications. In the context of wound healing, these nanoparticles can be combined with other materials such as hydrogels, fibers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide, etc., to enhance the healing process and prevent the growth of microbial infections. Notably, UCNPs can act as sensors for real-time monitoring of the wound healing progress, providing valuable feedback to healthcare professionals. Despite their potential, the use of UCNPs in wound dressing applications faces several challenges. Ensuring the stability and biocompatibility of UCNPs under physiological conditions is crucial for their effective integration into dressings. Comprehensive safety and efficacy evaluations are necessary to understand potential risks and optimize UCNP-based dressings. Scalability and cost-effectiveness of UCNP synthesis and manufacturing processes are important considerations for practical applications. In addition, efficient incorporation of UCNPs into dressings, achieving uniform distribution, poses an important challenge that needs to be addressed. Future research should prioritize addressing concerns regarding stability and biocompatibility, efficient integration into dressings, rigorous safety evaluation, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the advantages, challenges, and key properties of UCNPs in wound dressing applications to provide insights into their potential as innovative solutions for enhancing wound healing outcomes. We have provided a detailed description of various types of smart wound dressings, focusing on the synthesis and biomedical applications of UCNPs, specifically their utilization in different types of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Ezgi Gültekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Yaşayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Application and Research Center (ISUKOK), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (IPCB-CNR), Viale John Fitzgerald Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Padiglione 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Abdolreza Arash Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
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Tripathi N, Kamada K, Nakamura H, Akai T. Enhanced near infrared-to-visible upconversion in the CaTiO 3:Yb 3+/Er 3+ phosphor via the host lattice modification using co-doping of Mg 2+ ions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35391-35396. [PMID: 38058553 PMCID: PMC10696410 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05938c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The CaTiO3:Er3+/Yb3+ upconversion phosphor was synthesized using a simplified co-precipitation method and the effect of Mg2+ ion co-doping was investigated on the structural and optical properties focusing on the near-infrared (NIR)-to-visible upconversion. The introduction of Mg2+ ions into the host lattice produced substantial changes in the crystal structure, grain size, and absorption, thus leading to the enhancement in upconversion emission intensities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the formation of polycrystalline CaTiO3-Ca4Ti3O10 composite crystals and an increase in the crystallite size was observed upon increasing the Mg2+ ion concentration in the samples. Elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) suggested the substitution of Ca2+ ions by Mg2+ ions in the CaTiO3 host lattice. Moreover, a change in the Yb3+/Er3+ ratio from 0.25 to 1.1 indicated the redistribution of the Er3+ or Yb3+ ions caused by the Mg2+ ions. These lattice deformations further resulted in an improved absorption of Er3+ ions, exhibiting a ∼3-fold enhancement in the upconversion emission intensity (at the excitation intensity of ∼1 W cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Tripathi
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Tomoko Akai
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
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Vorotnikov YA, Vorotnikova NA, Shestopalov MA. Silica-Based Materials Containing Inorganic Red/NIR Emitters and Their Application in Biomedicine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5869. [PMID: 37687562 PMCID: PMC10488461 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The low absorption of biological substances and living tissues in the red/near-infrared region (therapeutic window) makes luminophores emitting in the range of ~650-1350 nm favorable for in vitro and in vivo imaging. In contrast to commonly used organic dyes, inorganic red/NIR emitters, including ruthenium complexes, quantum dots, lanthanide compounds, and octahedral cluster complexes of molybdenum and tungsten, not only exhibit excellent emission in the desired region but also possess additional functional properties, such as photosensitization of the singlet oxygen generation process, upconversion luminescence, photoactivated effects, and so on. However, despite their outstanding functional applicability, they share the same drawback-instability in aqueous media under physiological conditions, especially without additional modifications. One of the most effective and thus widely used types of modification is incorporation into silica, which is (1) easy to obtain, (2) biocompatible, and (3) non-toxic. In addition, the variety of morphological characteristics, along with simple surface modification, provides room for creativity in the development of various multifunctional diagnostic/therapeutic platforms. In this review, we have highlighted biomedical applications of silica-based materials containing red/NIR-emitting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A. Vorotnikov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | | | - Michael A. Shestopalov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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Demina PA, Khaydukov KV, Babayeva G, Varaksa PO, Atanova AV, Stepanov ME, Nikolaeva ME, Krylov IV, Evstratova II, Pokrovsky VS, Zhigarkov VS, Akasov RA, Egorova TV, Khaydukov EV, Generalova AN. Upconversion Nanoparticles Intercalated in Large Polymer Micelles for Tumor Imaging and Chemo/Photothermal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10574. [PMID: 37445751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontiers in theranostics are driving the demand for multifunctional nanoagents. Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based systems activated by near-infrared (NIR) light deeply penetrating biotissue are a powerful tool for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer. The intercalation into large polymer micelles of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) provided the creation of biocompatible UCNPs. The intrinsic properties of UCNPs (core@shell structure NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4) embedded in micelles delivered NIR-to-NIR visualization, photothermal therapy, and high drug capacity. Further surface modification of micelles with a thermosensitive polymer (poly-N-vinylcaprolactam) exhibiting a conformation transition provided gradual drug (doxorubicin) release. In addition, the decoration of UCNP micelles with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized in situ by silver ion reduction enhanced the cytotoxicity of micelles at cell growth temperature. Cell viability assessment on Sk-Br-3, MDA-MB-231, and WI-26 cell lines confirmed this effect. The efficiency of the prepared UCNP complex was evaluated in vivo by Sk-Br-3 xenograft regression in mice for 25 days after peritumoral injection and photoactivation of the lesions with NIR light. The designed polymer micelles hold promise as a photoactivated theranostic agent with quattro-functionalities (NIR absorption, photothermal effect, Ag NP cytotoxicity, and Dox loading) that provides imaging along with chemo- and photothermal therapy enhanced with Ag NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Demina
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulalek Babayeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel O Varaksa
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Atanova
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E Stepanov
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria E Nikolaeva
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Krylov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I Evstratova
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S Zhigarkov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Akasov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Egorova
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Generalova
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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11
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Trifanova EM, Babayeva G, Khvorostina MA, Atanova AV, Nikolaeva ME, Sochilina AV, Khaydukov EV, Popov VK. Photoluminescent Scaffolds Based on Natural and Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers for Bioimaging and Tissue Engineering. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040870. [PMID: 37109400 PMCID: PMC10141962 DOI: 10.3390/life13040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive visualization and monitoring of tissue-engineered structures in a living organism is a challenge. One possible solution to this problem is to use upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as photoluminescent nanomarkers in scaffolds. We synthesized and studied scaffolds based on natural (collagen-COL and hyaluronic acid-HA) and synthetic (polylactic-co-glycolic acids-PLGA) polymers loaded with β-NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals (21 ± 6 nm). Histomorphological analysis of tissue response to subcutaneous implantation of the polymer scaffolds in BALB/c mice was performed. The inflammatory response of the surrounding tissues was found to be weak for scaffolds based on HA and PLGA and moderate for COL scaffolds. An epi-luminescent imaging system with 975 nm laser excitation was used for in vivo visualization and photoluminescent analysis of implanted scaffolds. We demonstrated that the UCNPs' photoluminescent signal monotonously decreased in all the examined scaffolds, indicating their gradual biodegradation followed by the release of photoluminescent nanoparticles into the surrounding tissues. In general, the data obtained from the photoluminescent analysis correlated satisfactorily with the histomorphological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M Trifanova
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulalek Babayeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Khvorostina
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Atanova
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria E Nikolaeva
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sochilina
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Technology, and Informational Systems, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir K Popov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Cressoni C, Vurro F, Milan E, Muccilli M, Mazzer F, Gerosa M, Boschi F, Spinelli AE, Badocco D, Pastore P, Delgado NF, Collado MH, Marzola P, Speghini A. From Nanothermometry to Bioimaging: Lanthanide-Activated KY 3F 10 Nanostructures as Biocompatible Multifunctional Tools for Nanomedicine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12171-12188. [PMID: 36826830 PMCID: PMC9999348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-activated fluoride-based nanostructures are extremely interesting multifunctional tools for many modern applications in nanomedicine, e.g., bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy. Importantly, environmental-friendly preparations using a green chemistry approach, as hydrothermal synthesis route, are nowadays highly desirable to obtain colloidal nanoparticles, directly dispersible in hydrophilic media, as physiological solution. The nanomaterials under investigation are new KY3F10-based citrate-capped core@shell nanostructures activated with several lanthanide ions, namely, Er3+, Yb3+, Nd3+, and Gd3+, prepared as colloidal water dispersions. A new facile microwave-assisted synthesis has been exploited for their preparation, with significant reduction of the reaction times and a fine control of the nanoparticle size. These core@shell multifunctional architectures have been investigated for use as biocompatible and efficient contrast agents for optical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) techniques. These multifunctional nanostructures are also efficient noninvasive optical nanothermometers. In fact, the lanthanide emission intensities have shown a relevant relative variation as a function of the temperature, in the visible and near-infrared optical ranges, efficiently exploiting ratiometric intensity methods for optical thermometry. Importantly, in contrast with other fluoride hosts, chemical dissolution of KY3F10 citrate-capped nanocrystals in aqueous environment is very limited, of paramount importance for applications in biological fluids. Furthermore, due to the strong paramagnetic properties of lanthanides (e.g., Gd3+), and X-ray absorption of both yttrium and lanthanides, the nanostructures under investigation are extremely useful for MRI and CT imaging. Biocompatibility studies of the nanomaterials have revealed very low cytotoxicity in dfferent human cell lines. All these features point to a successful use of these fluoride-based core@shell nanoarchitectures for simultaneous diagnostics and temperature sensing, ensuring an excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cressoni
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Vurro
- Division
of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- University
Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Emil Milan
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Muccilli
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzer
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Gerosa
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonello Enrico Spinelli
- Experimental
Imaging Centre, San Raffaele Scientific
Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Natalia Fernández Delgado
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río
San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Herrera Collado
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río
San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Adolfo Speghini
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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13
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Conklin B, Conley BM, Hou Y, Chen M, Lee KB. Advanced theragnostics for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological disorders using functional inorganic nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114636. [PMID: 36481291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various types of inorganic nanomaterials are capable of diagnostic biomarker detection and the therapeutic delivery of a disease or inflammatory modulating agent. Those multi-functional nanomaterials have been utilized to treat neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries in an effective and personalized manner. Even though many nanomaterials can deliver a payload and detect a biomarker of interest, only a few studies have yet to fully utilize this combined strategy to its full potential. Combining a nanomaterial's ability to facilitate targeted delivery, promote cellular proliferation and differentiation, and carry a large amount of material with various sensing approaches makes it possible to diagnose a patient selectively and sensitively while offering preventative measures or early disease-modifying strategies. By tuning the properties of an inorganic nanomaterial, the dimensionality, hydrophilicity, size, charge, shape, surface chemistry, and many other chemical and physical parameters, different types of cells in the central nervous system can be monitored, modulated, or further studies to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. Scientists and clinicians have better understood the underlying processes of pathologies for many neurologically related diseases and injuries by implementing multi-dimensional 0D, 1D, and 2D theragnostic nanomaterials. The incorporation of nanomaterials has allowed scientists to better understand how to detect and treat these conditions at an early stage. To this end, having the multi-modal ability to both sense and treat ailments of the central nervous system can lead to favorable outcomes for patients suffering from such injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian M Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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14
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Gerelkhuu Z, Lee YI, Yoon TH. Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3470. [PMID: 36234598 PMCID: PMC9565472 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, upconversion nanomaterials (UCNMs) have attracted considerable research interest because of their unique optical properties, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emissions, non-photobleaching, and long lifetime. These unique properties make them ideal candidates for unified applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy for specific cancers. This review describes the general mechanisms of upconversion, synthesis methods, and potential applications in biology and their biological responses. Additionally, the biological toxicity of UCNMs is explained and summarized with the associated intracellular association mechanisms. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of UCNMs at the clinical level in biological applications are described, along with a summary of opportunity for biological as well as clinical applications of UCNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71408, Vietnam
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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15
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Rose Bengal-Modified Upconverting Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091383. [PMID: 36143419 PMCID: PMC9502678 DOI: 10.3390/life12091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles (UCNPs; 26 nm in diameter) based on lanthanides were synthesized by a high-temperature coprecipitation method. The particles were modified by bisphosphonate-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer. The particles were thoroughly characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron and upconversion luminescence spectroscopy in terms of morphology, hydrodynamic size, composition, and energy transfer to the photosensitizer. Moreover, the singlet oxygen generation from RB-containing UCNPs was investigated using 9,10-diphenylanthracene probe under 980 nm excitation. The cytotoxicity of UCNPs before and after conjugation with RB was evaluated on highly sensitive rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and significant differences were found. Correspondingly, consi-derable variations in viability were revealed between the irradiated and non-irradiated rat glioma cell line (C6) exposed to RB-conjugated UCNPs. While the viability of rMSCs was not affected by the presence of UCNPs themselves, the cancer C6 cells were killed after the irradiation at 980 nm due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus suggesting the potential of RB-conjugated PEG-modified UCNPs for applications in photodynamic therapy of cancer.
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16
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Upconversion of NaYF4: Yb, Er Nanoparticles Co-doped with Zr 4+ for Magnetic Phase Transition and Biomedical Imaging Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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