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Dollish HK, Tsyglakova M, McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood disorders: Time to see the light. Neuron 2024; 112:25-40. [PMID: 37858331 PMCID: PMC10842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The importance of time is ever prevalent in our world, and disruptions to the normal light/dark and sleep/wake cycle have now become the norm rather than the exception for a large part of it. All mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), are strongly associated with abnormal sleep and circadian rhythms in a variety of physiological processes. Environmental disruptions to normal sleep/wake patterns, light/dark changes, and seasonal changes can precipitate episodes. Moreover, treatments that target the circadian system have proven to be therapeutic in certain cases. This review will summarize much of our current knowledge of how these disorders associate with specific circadian phenotypes, as well as the neuronal mechanisms that link the circadian clock with mood regulation. We also discuss what has been learned from therapies that target circadian rhythms and how we may use current knowledge to develop more individually designed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Dollish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Hrehová L, Bušková J, Seifert B, Mezian K. Working from home is associated with changes in sleep hygiene practice. Work 2024; 77:1135-1142. [PMID: 38007631 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep hygiene habits and self-reported sleep quality of those who work from home have yet to be fully understood. As working from home was widely implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, the period might be a convenient model for studying the measures, as mentioned earlier. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess sleep hygiene habits and self-reported sleep quality in people working from home in March 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began. METHOD This study was designed as a cross-sectional web-based survey. An anonymous questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables and questions about personal habits, e.g., exercise activities and caffeine consumption. The outcome measures to assess sleep hygiene and sleep quality were the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) before and after the home office (HO) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS A total of 204 responses were received. The prevalence of significant sleep disturbance (PSQI > 5) was 51 %. The mean PSQI and SHI scores were 6.15±3.385 and 17.67±7.836, respectively. PSQI and SHI showed a significant mutual positive correlation at the level of significance p < 0.001. The total score for SHI was similar before and after working from home (p = 0.982). However, differences were observed in its components. CONCLUSION The total score on SHI did not change when compared before and during HO. However, working from home was associated with sleep hygiene malpractice in some individual components of SHI. On the other hand, some aspects of sleep hygiene behavior improved during HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hrehová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bušková
- Department of Sleep Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Seifert
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamal Mezian
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Salfi F, Ficca G, Alzueta E, Cellini N. Editorial: Long-term effects of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and their relationships with mental health. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1281604. [PMID: 37771814 PMCID: PMC10523345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1281604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ficca
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elisabet Alzueta
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Lim J, Lee H, Park JB, Lee KJ, Jeong I, Jung J. Combined effect of work from home and work during nonwork time on sleep disturbance. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e28. [PMID: 37701489 PMCID: PMC10493373 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, being exposed to work from home and work during nonwork time simultaneously can lead to sleep disturbance; however, their combined effect is unclear. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of work from home and work during nonwork time on sleep disturbance. Methods This study used data from the Sixth Korean Working Condition Survey and included 27,473 paid workers. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between work from home, work during nonwork time, and sleep disturbance according to sex. We re-classified participants into 4 groups based on their working from home (No/Yes) and working during nonwork time (No/Yes). The relative excess risk due to interaction was calculated to examine the effect of exposure to both telecommuting and non-regular work hours on sleep disturbance. Results Workers exposed to work from home and work during nonwork time had significantly higher risks of sleep disturbance for all, men, and women workers (OR [95% CI]: 1.71 [1.46-2.02], 1.79 [1.43-2.23], and 1.64 [1.29-2.08] for work from home and 3.04 [2.70-3.42], 3.61 [3.09-4.22], and 2.41 [2.01-2.90] for work during nonwork time, respectively). Compared to those who were not exposed to both factors, when workers had both job factors, the ORs (95% CI) of sleep disturbance for all, men, and women were 3.93 (2.80-5.53), 5.08 (3.21-8.03), and 2.91 (1.74-4.87), respectively. The relative excess risk due to interaction of work from home and work during nonwork time was not significant for sleep disturbance. Conclusions Work from home and work during nonwork time were each associated with sleep disturbance, but the interaction between the two factors on sleep disturbance was not observed in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyundong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Inchul Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Fabbri M. Mindfulness, Subjective Cognitive Functioning, Sleep Timing and Time Expansion during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study in Italy. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:313-332. [PMID: 37366659 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 lockdown, a distortion of time passage has been widely reported in association with a change in daily rhythm. However, several variables related to these changes have not been considered. The purpose of the present study was to assess the changes in dispositional mindfulness, time experience, sleep timing and subjective memory functioning. A longitudinal study was conducted on 39 Italian adults (53.85% males; 35.03 ± 14.02 years) assessing mindfulness, ad hoc questions of sleep habits during workdays and free days, chronotypes, subjective time experience, and memory functioning before (December 2019-March 2020) and during (April 2020-May 2020) the first Italian COVID-19 lockdown. Participants reported delayed sleep timing, a slowdown in the perception of the present time, a decrease of time pressure, and an increase in the feeling of time expansion/boredom. In addition to correlations between mindfulness, memory functioning, and subjective sleep duration during workdays, a mediation model showed that changes in the dispositional mindfulness determined a delay of bedtime during workdays through the mediation effect of increased feeling of time expansion/boredom. This finding highlighted the role of mindfulness in reducing the feeling of time expansion/boredom for regulating the sleep timing. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, CE, Italy
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Jahrami H. The Relationship between Nomophobia, Insomnia, Chronotype, Phone in Proximity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration in Adults: A Mobile Phone App-Assisted Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101503. [PMID: 37239789 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies that have investigated the association between nomophobia and insomnia revealed that a strong relationship exists between both variables. This study aimed to explore possible associations between these variables and their impact on physical and mental health outcomes using a cross-sectional study design and mobile phone apps to collect data. Using a survey approach, data were collected from 444 participants (52% female, mean age 34 ± 12) using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and three Android mobile phone apps. The Plees Tracker, screen time, and pedometer apps aided in collecting data on sleep duration, time spent on screen per day, and how close the phone was to the person. A statistically significant association was noted between nomophobia and insomnia, nomophobia and the eveningness chronotype, and nomophobia and screen time. The eveningness chronotype was also associated with an increased screen time use. The results show that NMP-Q, ISI, and screen time increase according to the chronotype. No statistically significant differences were noted in daily steps or sleep duration according to chronotype. The findings suggest that interventions targeting nomophobia may be beneficial in addressing insomnia among adults, particularly those with an evening chronotype. Future studies should consider exploring the causal relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Government Hospitals, Manama P.O. Box 12, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
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Rönnlund H, Elovainio M, Virtanen I, Heikkilä AR, Raaska H, Lapinleimu H. Child Eveningness as a Predictor of Parental Sleep. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121968. [PMID: 36553411 PMCID: PMC9777097 DOI: 10.3390/children9121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Child eveningness has been associated with many adverse outcomes for children. The aim of this study was to assess whether child eveningness poses a risk to parental sleep quality in follow-up. A total of 146 children (57% adopted, 47% boys, mean age at follow-up 5.1 years [standard deviation 1.7]) completed a 1-week actigraph recording to analyze their sleep twice, 1 year apart. The parents completed the Child ChronoType Questionnaire for their child and a short version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for themselves and the Jenkins Sleep Scale for their sleep quality. Linear regression analyses showed that subjective parental sleeping problems at baseline were associated with subjective parental sleeping problems at follow-up. A morning-type child decreased the risk of parental sleeping problems at the 1-year follow-up compared to the child evening chronotype. Additionally, the child intermediate chronotype decreased the risk of maternal sleeping problems at the 1-year follow-up compared to the evening chronotype of the child. Parents of evening-type children experienced more sleeping problems in the follow-up, compared to parents of morning-type children. This finding encourages parents and professionals to steer the diurnal rhythm of evening-type children toward an earlier daily routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanni Rönnlund
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Kaarina Health Center, 20780 Kaarina, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irina Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna-Riitta Heikkilä
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Raaska
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Lapinleimu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
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Salfi F, Amicucci G, Corigliano D, Viselli L, D'Atri A, Tempesta D, Gorgoni M, Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Ferrara M. Two years after lockdown: Longitudinal trajectories of sleep disturbances and mental health over the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects of age, gender and chronotype. J Sleep Res 2022; 32:e13767. [PMID: 36317491 PMCID: PMC9878065 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the first lockdown of Spring 2020, the COVID-19 contagion waves pervasively disrupted the sleep and mental health of the worldwide population. Notwithstanding the largest vaccination campaign in human history, the pandemic has continued to impact the everyday life of the general population for 2 years now. The present study provides the first evidence of the longitudinal trajectories of sleep disturbances and mental health throughout the pandemic in Italy, also describing the differential time course of age groups, genders and chronotypes. A total of 1062 Italians participated in a three-time-point longitudinal study covering two critical stages of the emergency (the first lockdown in April 2020 and the second partial lockdown in December 2020) and providing a long-term overview 2 years after the pandemic outbreak (April 2022). We administered validated questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality/habits, insomnia, depression, stress and anxiety symptoms. Analyses showed a gradual improvement in sleep disturbances, depression and anxiety. Conversely, sleep duration progressively decreased, particularly in evening-type and younger people. Participants reported substantial earlier bedtime and get-up time. Stress levels increased during December 2020 and then stabilised. This effect was stronger in the population groups apparently more resilient during the first lockdown (older people, men and morning-types). Our results describe a promising scenario 2 years after the pandemic onset. However, the improvements were relatively small, the perceived stress increased, and the re-establishment of pre-existing social/working dynamics led to general sleep curtailment. Further long-term monitoring is required to claim the end of the COVID-19 emergency on Italians' sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Giulia Amicucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly,Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Domenico Corigliano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly,Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lorenzo Viselli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly,Body and Action LabIRCSS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
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