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Villanueva P, McDonald E, Croda J, Croda MG, Dalcolmo M, dos Santos G, Jardim B, Lacerda M, Lynn DJ, Marshall H, Oliveira RD, Rocha J, Sawka A, Val F, Pittet LF, Messina NL, Curtis N. Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2323853. [PMID: 38445666 PMCID: PMC10936640 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2323853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various novel platform technologies have been used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this nested cohort study among healthcare workers in Australia and Brazil who received three different COVID-19-specific vaccines, we (a) evaluated the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI); (b) compared AEFI by vaccine type, dose and country; (c) identified factors influencing the incidence of AEFI; and (d) assessed the association between reactogenicity and vaccine anti-spike IgG antibody responses. Of 1302 participants who received homologous 2-dose regimens of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac), 1219 (94%) completed vaccine reaction questionnaires. Following the first vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in ChAdOx1-S recipients (374/806, 46%) compared with BNT162b2 (55/151, 36%; p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (26/262, 10%; p < 0.001) recipients. After the second vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in BNT162b2 recipients (66/151, 44%) compared with ChAdOx1-S (164/806, 20%; p < 0.001) or CoronaVac (23/262, 9%; p < 0.001) recipients. AEFI risk was higher in younger participants, females, participants in Australia, and varied by vaccine type and dose. Prior COVID-19 did not impact the risk of AEFI. Participants in Australia compared with Brazil reported a higher incidence of any local reaction (170/231, 74% vs 222/726, 31%, p < 0.001) and any systemic reaction (171/231, 74% vs 328/726, 45%, p < 0.001), regardless of vaccine type. Following a primary course of ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac vaccination, participants who did not report AEFI seroconverted at a similar rate to those who reported local or systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of AEFI was influenced by participant age and COVID-19 vaccine type, and differed between participants in Australia and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villanueva
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julio Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mariana Garcia Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Margareth Dalcolmo
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glauce dos Santos
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Jardim
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Helen Marshall
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roberto D. Oliveira
- Nursing Course, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alice Sawka
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- University of Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fernando Val
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Laure F. Pittet
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Hodel KVS, Fiuza BSD, Conceição RS, Aleluia ACM, Pitanga TN, Fonseca LMDS, Valente CO, Minafra-Rezende CS, Machado BAS. Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges-A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:807. [PMID: 38931474 PMCID: PMC11206969 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance plays a central role in safeguarding public health by continuously monitoring the safety of vaccines, being critical in a climate of vaccine hesitancy, where public trust is paramount. Pharmacovigilance strategies employed to gather information on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) include pre-registration data, media reports, clinical trials, and societal reporting. Early detection of AEFIs during clinical trials is crucial for thorough safety analysis and preventing serious reactions once vaccines are deployed. This review highlights the importance of societal reporting, encompassing contributions from community members, healthcare workers, and pharmaceutical companies. Technological advancements such as quick response (QR) codes can facilitate prompt AEFI reporting. While vaccines are demonstrably safe, the possibility of adverse events necessitates continuous post-marketing surveillance. However, underreporting remains a challenge, underscoring the critical role of public engagement in pharmacovigilance. This narrative review comprehensively examines and synthesizes key aspects of virus vaccine pharmacovigilance, with special considerations for specific population groups. We explore applicable legislation, the spectrum of AEFIs associated with major vaccines, and the unique challenges and perspectives surrounding pharmacovigilance in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Souza Conceição
- Department of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Magalhães Aleluia
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southwestern Bahia State University (UESB), Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45031-300, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Thassila Nogueira Pitanga
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
- Laboratory for Research in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Valente
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
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Abdeen S, Abed Alah M, Al-Zaidan M, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Nuaimi AA, Al-Kuwari MG. Short-term side effects of BNT162b2 vaccine in primary care settings in Qatar: a retrospective study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384327. [PMID: 38660363 PMCID: PMC11039914 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the established effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine, the novel technology demands careful safety monitoring. While global studies have explored its safety, local data remains limited and exhibits some variability. This study investigated short-term side effects among BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals in Qatar. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data extracted from the electronic health records of individuals aged 18 or older across 8 primary health centers who received either the first or second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine during the period from December 23, 2020, to April 24, 2021. The proportions of individuals experiencing short-term side effects after each dose were calculated. Logistic regression and log binomial regression analyses were used to explore associations with the side effects. Results Among 7,764 participants, 5,489 received the first dose and 2,275 the second, with similar demographics between the groups. After the first dose, 5.5% reported at least one local side effect, compared to 3.9% after the second, with a 1.4 times higher incidence after the first dose (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.14-1.75) compared to the second. Systemic side effects after the second dose were 2.6 times more common than after the first (RR 2.6, 95% CI 2.15-3.14). Gender, nationality, history of prior COVID-19 infection, and obesity were significantly associated with side effects after the first dose, while age, gender, and nationality, were significant factors after the second dose. Conclusion The rates of side effects following the BNT162b2 vaccine in Qatar were relatively low, with age, gender, nationality, previous infection, and obesity identified as significant predictors. These results emphasize the need for tailored vaccination strategies and contributes valuable insights for evidence-based decision-making in ongoing and future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manal Al-Zaidan
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Supply, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Ali Al-Nuaimi
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Collège of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Dele-Ojo BF, Adesokan A, Fadare JO, Ajayi PO, Raimi TH, Dada SA, Ojo OD, Ogunmodede JA, Ipinnimo TM, Ariyo OE, Godman B. Short-term COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects among adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:621-627. [PMID: 38323854 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2316217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of the COVID-19 vaccines has been a topic of concern globally. This issue of safety is associated with vaccine hesitancy due to concerns about the adverse effects of the vaccines. Consequently, this study determined the short-term safety profile of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in Ekiti State, Nigeria. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May and July 2021 among individuals who had received the first dose of the first batch of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A Google form was used to collect data on the adverse effects of the vaccine. RESULTS Out of over 1,000 individuals who were approached, 758 respondents completed the study. A large percentage (57.4%) of those who received the vaccines were healthcare workers. Adverse effects were reported in 70.8% of the participants with most manifesting on the first day of the vaccination. The predominant adverse effects were injection site soreness (28.5%), followed by fatigue (18.7%) and muscle pain (8.6%). There was no report of severe adverse effects such as anaphylactic reactions, thrombosis, myocarditis, transient myelitis, or Guillen-Barre syndrome. CONCLUSION This study found that self-reported adverse effects of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine were mild and short in duration. This outcome has promising implications for improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the immediate environment and Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolade Folasade Dele-Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo Adesokan
- Emergency Medicine Department, Kingsmill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Scotland
| | | | - Paul Oladapo Ajayi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Hussean Raimi
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Ayokunle Dada
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Owolabi Dele Ojo
- Department of Surgery, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Mailis A, Kupferstein N, Assimakopoulos D, Mailis AC, Sutton S, Lakha SF. Patient Presentations in a Community Pain Clinic after COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Case-Series Approach. Clin Pract 2023; 13:1593-1602. [PMID: 38131688 PMCID: PMC10742491 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early case report studies and anecdotes from patients, medical colleagues, and social media suggest that patients may present to chronic pain clinics with a number of complaints post COVID-19 infection or vaccination. The aim of this study is to systematically report on a consecutive series of chronic pain patients seen in a community-based pain clinic, who acquired symptoms after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study identified all patients seen at the clinic over a 4-month period (January-April 2022) with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection, vaccination, or both. Information was collected on sex, gender, age, details of vaccination, new pains, or exacerbation of old pain plus the development of novel symptoms. RESULTS The study identified 21 community dwellers (17 females and 4 males; F/M 4.25/1; age range 22-79 years; mean age 46.3 years), with symptoms attributed to COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Several patients suffered exacerbation of previous pains or developed novel pains, as well as high levels of anxiety and mood disorders. A review of the existing literature provides support for the spectrum of symptoms displayed by the study group. CONCLUSIONS Information collected in this study will add to the body of COVID-19-related literature and assist particularly community practitioners in recognizing and managing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mailis
- Pain & Wellness Center, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3, Canada; (N.K.); (D.A.); (A.C.M.); (S.S.); (S.F.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Naomi Kupferstein
- Pain & Wellness Center, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3, Canada; (N.K.); (D.A.); (A.C.M.); (S.S.); (S.F.L.)
| | - Demetry Assimakopoulos
- Pain & Wellness Center, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3, Canada; (N.K.); (D.A.); (A.C.M.); (S.S.); (S.F.L.)
- Comprehensive Integrated Pain Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Alex C. Mailis
- Pain & Wellness Center, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3, Canada; (N.K.); (D.A.); (A.C.M.); (S.S.); (S.F.L.)
| | - Sean Sutton
- Pain & Wellness Center, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3, Canada; (N.K.); (D.A.); (A.C.M.); (S.S.); (S.F.L.)
| | - Shehnaz Fatima Lakha
- Pain & Wellness Center, Vaughan, ON L6A 3Z3, Canada; (N.K.); (D.A.); (A.C.M.); (S.S.); (S.F.L.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Kim S, Kang M, Park JS, Seok HY. Response to: Correspondence on Bell's palsy as an adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2417-2418. [PMID: 36940060 PMCID: PMC10026193 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsung Kang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hung Youl Seok
- Department of Neurology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Murished GM, Dandachi I, Aljabr W. Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in the middle eastern population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270187. [PMID: 38022593 PMCID: PMC10654979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe worldwide health concerns since its first description as the SARS-COV-2 virus in December 2019. The wide dissemination of this virus, together with the lack of treatment, prompted vaccine development within a short period of time to elicit a protective immunity against COVID-19. Due to their rapid development, potential subsequent side effects of COVID-19 vaccines were overlooked, which might lead to many health concerns. This is especially true for patients at a greater risk of harm from COVID-19, such as pregnant women, children, and patients with pre-existing chronic diseases. In this review, we provide a summary of common to rare side effects of administrated COVID-19 vaccines in a Middle Eastern population. We have found that the distinction between side effects from COVID-19 vaccines in terms of frequency and severity is attributed to the differences in study populations, gender, and age. Pain at the injection site, fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle pain were the most common reported side effects. Vaccinated subjects with previous COVID-19 infection exhibited an equivalent neutralizing response after just one dose compared to two doses of vaccine. Consequently, individuals who experienced more side effects had significantly higher antibody levels. This indicates that having better immunity correlates with higher antibody levels, leading to a higher frequency of vaccine side effects. Individuals with underlying comorbidities, particularly having known allergies and with illnesses such as diabetes and cancer, might be more prone to post-vaccination side effects. Studies of a high-risk population in Middle Eastern countries are limited. Future studies should be considered to determine long-term side effects, side effects after booster doses, and side effect differences in cases of heterologous and homologous vaccination for better understanding and proper handling of high-risk populations and patients who experience these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Waleed Aljabr
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abdulkader MA, Merza MA. Immediate and Long-Term Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccines: A One-Year Follow-Up Study From the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Cureus 2023; 15:e47670. [PMID: 38021955 PMCID: PMC10671599 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The administration of COVID-19 vaccines has been critical in controlling the spread of the virus. However, understanding the potential adverse events (AEs) associated with these vaccines is crucial for public health. While most previous studies observed only short-term AEs, this study aimed to investigate the immediate and long-term AEs following the first and second doses of Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines, providing valuable long-term insights. Methodology A prospective, one-year, follow-up study was conducted by tracking 922 vaccinated individuals to assess short-term and long-term AEs. Demographics, clinical characteristics, vaccine types, and dose effects were taken into consideration. AEs were classified based on severity and duration. Statistical analyses were performed to compare differences among the vaccine groups, with p-values <0.05 considered significant. Bowker's and chi-square tests were performed using JMP Pro 14.3.0. Results Of the 922 participants, 55.53% (n = 512) were vaccinated with Pfizer, and 23.32% (n = 215) and 21.15% (n = 195) were vaccinated with Sinopharm and AstraZeneca, respectively. Overall, 72.34% of participants (n = 667) were suffering from AEs after the first dose, with a lower prevalence of AEs after the second dose (52.71%, n = 486). Pfizer exhibited the highest percentage and severity of AEs, followed by AstraZeneca and Sinopharm. Most AEs reported in this study were mild and resolved within 72 hours, with females experiencing more frequent AEs. The common short-term AEs observed were fever, injection-site pain, myalgia, fatigue, and headache. Notably, there were no chronic AEs, and only one case of myocarditis was associated with AstraZeneca. Conclusions Despite the variation in the prevalence of AEs among the three vaccines, the vaccination process proved to be safe with no serious short-term AEs. However, the long-term AEs associated with AstraZeneca and the decrease in the prevalence of AEs after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccines warrant further investigations and priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhal A Abdulkader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Muayad A Merza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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Flores-Lastra N, Rivadeneira-Dueñas J, Fuenmayor-González L, Guayasamín-Tipanta G, Jácome-García M, Otzen T, Manterola C. Safety Profile of Homologous and Heterologous Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Physicians in Quito-Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030676. [PMID: 36992259 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 600 healthcare workers died due to COVID-19 infection until January 2022 in Ecuador. Even though the COVID-19 vaccines are safe, local and systemic reactions were reported among physicians. This study aims to analyze the adverse events of COVID-19 with an emphasis on comparing the homologous and heterologous booster doses in physicians that received three approved vaccines in Ecuador. An electronic survey was performed in Quito, Ecuador, directed at physicians who were vaccinated with the three doses of COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 210 participants were analyzed after administering any dose of the vaccines. At least one AE was identified in 60.0% (126/210) of the sample after the first dose, 52.40% (110/210) after the second dose, and 75.2% (158/210) after the booster dose. The most frequent AEs were localized pain, myalgia, headache, and fever. At least one drug was used in 44.3% of the population after the first dose, 37.1% after the second dose, and 63.8% in the booster dose. Heterologous booster produces more AEs compared with homologous booster (80.1% vs. 53.8%), and 77.3% of participants reported that interfered with daily activities. Similar studies agree that reactogenicity occurs mainly with heterologous vaccination compared to homologous vaccination. This situation affected physicians’ performance in daily activities and led them to use medication for the symptoms. In the future, it is recommended to perform cohort studies, where adverse events that are associated with vaccine boosters in the general population can be analyzed longitudinally, thus improving the level of evidence of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josue Rivadeneira-Dueñas
- Zero Biomedical Research, Quito 170103, Ecuador
- Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Santiago 7560908, Chile
| | - Luis Fuenmayor-González
- Zero Biomedical Research, Quito 170103, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170136, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Tamara Otzen
- Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Santiago 7560908, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Santiago 7560908, Chile
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