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Abdeen S, Abed Alah M, Al-Zaidan M, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Nuaimi AA, Al-Kuwari MG. Short-term side effects of BNT162b2 vaccine in primary care settings in Qatar: a retrospective study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384327. [PMID: 38660363 PMCID: PMC11039914 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the established effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine, the novel technology demands careful safety monitoring. While global studies have explored its safety, local data remains limited and exhibits some variability. This study investigated short-term side effects among BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals in Qatar. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data extracted from the electronic health records of individuals aged 18 or older across 8 primary health centers who received either the first or second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine during the period from December 23, 2020, to April 24, 2021. The proportions of individuals experiencing short-term side effects after each dose were calculated. Logistic regression and log binomial regression analyses were used to explore associations with the side effects. Results Among 7,764 participants, 5,489 received the first dose and 2,275 the second, with similar demographics between the groups. After the first dose, 5.5% reported at least one local side effect, compared to 3.9% after the second, with a 1.4 times higher incidence after the first dose (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.14-1.75) compared to the second. Systemic side effects after the second dose were 2.6 times more common than after the first (RR 2.6, 95% CI 2.15-3.14). Gender, nationality, history of prior COVID-19 infection, and obesity were significantly associated with side effects after the first dose, while age, gender, and nationality, were significant factors after the second dose. Conclusion The rates of side effects following the BNT162b2 vaccine in Qatar were relatively low, with age, gender, nationality, previous infection, and obesity identified as significant predictors. These results emphasize the need for tailored vaccination strategies and contributes valuable insights for evidence-based decision-making in ongoing and future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manal Al-Zaidan
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Supply, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Ali Al-Nuaimi
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Collège of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abdulmajeed J, Pateras K, Kostoulas P, Doi SAR. Determining the conclusiveness of a meta-analysis. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:406-412. [PMID: 38475898 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of conclusive evidence related to an unanswered foreground (decision-making) question has been the driving factor behind multiple ongoing and planned randomized controlled trials as well as meta-analyses. However, a fundamental challenge lies in establishing robust methods for ascertaining whether a collection of synthesized trials has yielded a definitive answer to that foreground question through the process of meta-analysis. This article explores the evolution of methods that attempt to address this challenge. These methods have primarily focused on defining and measuring the sufficiency and stability of evidence within a meta-analytic context. Cumulative meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis are the tools currently used, but they both come with limitations and challenges. We further discuss methods aimed at evaluating the evolution of effects over time more directly, such as the recursive cumulative meta-analysis. The latter method can be considered a better alternative, as it serves to demonstrate whether there is a true underlying treatment effect to which the meta-analysis is converging. However, recursive cumulative meta-analysis falls short of a specific indicator that establishes whether convergence has been reached. We coin the term exit for a meta-analysis where convergence can be demonstrated. Developing methods to determine the exit status of a meta-analysis is the next priority in research synthesis methods, as it will indicate that the research journey has concluded on a particular foreground question with no expectation of a different result with the addition of future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Methods (LabCEM), Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Konstantinos Pateras
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Suhail A R Doi
- Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Methods (LabCEM), Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Azeez MA, Hussain MS, Veettil ST, Al Mesallam MS, Muhammed AC, Abdulmajeed J, Krishnan JI. Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) Vaccine Among Adolescents (Aged 12-15 Years): An Observational Study in Qatar. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:89-95. [PMID: 37991172 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231212775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In May 2021, Qatar launched the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine campaign for adolescents aged 12 to 15 years across all 27 health centers. Our study assessed the safety and efficacy of the vaccine among vaccinated and nonvaccinated adolescents in Qatar. Using a retrospective observational study, we analyzed the medical records of 1956 adolescents who were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive from June 17 to December 17, 2021. The mean age for the vaccinated group was 13.89 ± 0.93 years, and for the nonvaccinated group, it was 12.99 ± 0.93 years. In the vaccinated group, 46% were male (n = 185) compared with 53% in the nonvaccinated group (n = 827) and 54% were female in the vaccinated group (n = 217) versus 47% in the nonvaccinated group (n = 727). Our findings demonstrate satisfactory protection provided by the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, with only one fifth of the study population contracting SARS-CoV-2 infections after the double-dose regimen. These results highlight the importance of maximizing vaccination coverage and considering booster doses for adolescents to enhance protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maktoum Abdul Azeez
- Al Waab Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- School of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mir Saad Hussain
- Abu Nakhla Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy Planning & Health Intelligence-Business & Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jeyaram Illiayaraja Krishnan
- Strategy Planning & Health Intelligence-Business & Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Abushanab D, Al-Badriyeh D, Marquina C, Liew D, Al-Zaidan M, Ghaith Al-Kuwari M, Abdulmajeed J, Ademi Z. Societal health and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in the population with type 2 diabetes in Qatar. A 10-year forecasting model. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:148-159. [PMID: 37845584 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To predict the future health and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Qatar. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dynamic multistate model was designed to simulate the progression of fatal and non-fatal CVD events among people with T2D in Qatar aged 40-79 years. First CVD events [i.e. myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke] were calculated via the 2013 Pooled Cohort Equation, while recurrent CVD events were sourced from the REACH registry. Key model outcomes were fatal and non-fatal MI and stroke, years of life lived, quality-adjusted life years, total direct medical costs and total productivity loss costs. Utility and cost model inputs were drawn from published sources. The model adopted a Qatari societal perspective. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of estimates. RESULTS Over 10 years among people with T2D, model estimates 108 195 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 104 249-112 172] non-fatal MIs, 62 366 (95% UI 60 283-65 520) non-fatal strokes and 14 612 (95% UI 14 472-14 744) CVD deaths. The T2D population accrued 4 786 605 (95% UI 4 743 454, 4 858 705) total years of life lived and 3 781 833 (95% UI 3 724 718-3 830 669) total quality-adjusted life years. Direct costs accounted for 57.85% of the total costs, with a projection of QAR41.60 billion (US$11.40 billion) [95% UI 7.53-147.40 billion (US$2.06-40.38 billion)], while the total indirect costs were expected to exceed QAR30.31 billion (US$8.30 billion) [95% UI 1.07-162.60 billion (US$292.05 million-44.55 billion)]. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a significant economic and health burden of CVD among people with T2D in Qatar and highlight the need for more enhanced preventive strategies targeting this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abushanab
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Clara Marquina
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- The Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Manal Al-Zaidan
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Supply, Primary Healthcare Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy Planning & Health Intelligence, Primary Healthcare Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Doi SA, Abdulmajeed J. Angry scientists, angry analysts and angry novelists. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1580-1583. [PMID: 37212887 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail A Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Bansal D, Atia H, Al Badr M, Nour M, Abdulmajeed J, Hasan A, Al-Hajri N, Ahmed L, Ibrahim R, Zamel R, Mohamed A, Pattalaparambil H, Daraan F, Chaudhry A, Oraby S, El-Saleh S, El-Shafie SS, Al-Farsi AF, Paul J, Ismail A, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Thani MH, Doi SAR, Zughaier SM, Cyprian F, Farag E, Farooqui HH. Dynamics of Anti-S IgG Antibodies Titers after the Second Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Manual and Craft Worker Population of Qatar. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030496. [PMID: 36992080 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited seroepidemiological evidence on the magnitude and long-term durability of antibody titers of mRNA and non-mRNA vaccines in the Qatari population. This study was conducted to generate evidence on long-term anti-S IgG antibody titers and their dynamics in individuals who have completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination schedule. A total of 300 male participants who received any of the following vaccines BNT162b2/Comirnaty, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S/Covishield, COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen/Johnson, or BBIBP-CorV or Covaxin were enrolled in our study. All sera samples were tested by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (SARS-CoV-2 N-protein IgG) were also determined. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to compare the time from the last dose of the primary vaccination schedule to the time by which anti-S IgG antibody titers fell into the lowest quartile (range of values collected) for the mRNA and non-mRNA vaccines. Participants vaccinated with mRNA vaccines had higher median anti-S IgG antibody titers. Participants vaccinated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine had the highest median anti-S-antibody level of 13,720.9 AU/mL (IQR 6426.5 to 30,185.6 AU/mL) followed by BNT162b2 (median, 7570.9 AU/mL; IQR, 3757.9 to 16,577.4 AU/mL); while the median anti-S antibody titer for non-mRNA vaccinated participants was 3759.7 AU/mL (IQR, 2059.7–5693.5 AU/mL). The median time to reach the lowest quartile was 3.53 months (IQR, 2.2–4.5 months) and 7.63 months (IQR, 6.3–8.4 months) for the non-mRNA vaccine recipients and Pfizer vaccine recipients, respectively. However, more than 50% of the Moderna vaccine recipients did not reach the lowest quartile by the end of the follow-up period. This evidence on anti-S IgG antibody titers should be considered for informing decisions on the durability of the neutralizing activity and thus protection against infection after the full course of primary vaccination in individuals receiving different type (mRNA verus non-mRNA) vaccines and those with natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bansal
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Hassan Atia
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Mashael Al Badr
- National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Nour
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 26555, Qatar
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Q U Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Amal Hasan
- National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Noora Al-Hajri
- National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Lina Ahmed
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Rumissa Ibrahim
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Reham Zamel
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Almuthana Mohamed
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Hamad Pattalaparambil
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Faisal Daraan
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Adil Chaudhry
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Sahar Oraby
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Sahar El-Saleh
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Sittana S El-Shafie
- National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Affra Faiz Al-Farsi
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Jiji Paul
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Hamad Al-Thani
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Suhail A R Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Q U Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Q U Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Farhan Cyprian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Q U Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Elmobashar Farag
- Health Protection and Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Habib Hasan Farooqui
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Q U Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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7
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Azeez MA, Hamza AH, Kalathingal MA, Karim SA, Anodiyil MS, Abdulmajeed J, Krishnan JI, Veettil ST. Cardiovascular Risks and Outcome in COVID-19 Positive Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Attending Primary Health Care Corporation in Qatar: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2022; 6:420-427. [PMID: 35966030 PMCID: PMC9359500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. This study describes the risks and outcome in COVID-19 patients with CVD attending Primary Health Care Corporationsettings in Qatar. Objective To report whether CVD increases the risk for hospitalization and further complications in COVID-19 patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Results A total of 10,178 CVD patients' data who tested positive for COVID-19 were extracted from electronic medical records on the basis of inclusion criteria and analyzed during the period of February 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (11 months). Among the patients included in the study, 64% (n=6527) were men and 36% (n=3651) were women; 23% (n=2299) were Qataris and 77% (n=7879) were non-Qataris. Among the selected age group of greater than 25 to less than 75 years, the median age was 50.83 years. More than half of the patients had diabetes (69.6%; n=7086) followed by hypertension (68.4%; n=6965) and dyslipidemia (45.1%; n=4590). Other comorbidities were obesity (18.3%; n=1862), kidney disease (6.5%; n=659), hematologic problems (4.2%; n=425), liver disorders (1.4%; n=142), rheumatic heart disease (1.3%; n=131) and neurologic symptoms (1.3%; n=128). Multivariate analysis for factors associated with inpatient admissions in last 28 days for patients with CVD reported that patients with age greater than 70 years are 2.8 (1.86-4.18) times higher risk of hospital admission as compared with the patients 25-30 years of age. Conclusion The pre-existing CVD with age and other comorbidities predict the risk for hospitalization and further complications in patients with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate the data from primary and secondary care about the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of patients who have survived COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Business & Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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8
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Abstract
The odds ratio (OR) has been misunderstood in evidence based medicine and clinical epidemiology. Currently, "noncollapsibility" is considered a problem with interpretation of the OR and it is thought that the OR is rarely the parameter of interest for causal inference or interpretation of effect modification. The current focus on the relative risk (RR) and risk difference (RD) suffers from an important limitation: they are not solely measures of effect and vary numerically with baseline risk. In this paper, generalized linear models are examined in terms of the three binary effect measures commonly used in epidemiology to demonstrate that ORs may be the only way to interpret effect modification and have properties that should make them the parameter of interest for causal inference. We look forward to discussion, debate, and counter-views on this issue from the epidemiology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail A Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Population Health Across-life Cycle & School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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9
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Alam MT, Veettil ST, Abdulmajeed J, Sait NS, Krishnan JI. A 4-year Retrospective Study on the Impact of the Dietary Program on Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters among Overweight and Obese Subjects in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and one of the risk factors for many diseases including heart disease, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and cancer. The aim of this study was to review the impact of the local dietary program on anthropometric and metabolic parameters among overweight and obese subjects attending Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar from 2016 to 2019. Methods. A 4-year retrospective cohort study. Results. Among 10451 patients, the overall success rate of BMI reduction was 10% while 22.22% of population had ≥5% reduction in BMI from baseline. The median time for weight reduction was 3.2 years, with women showing earlier significant weight loss than men. The patients with 3–5 number of visits had earlier significant weight reduction than those with ≤3 visits and >5 number of visits. Greater weight reduction was seen in those with chronic diseases and who had constant follow up visits in the dietetic clinic during the study period. Conclusion. Our results are encouraging, showing improvement in the management of adult obesity with medical nutrition therapy through involvement and guidance in the community dietetic clinics. The dietetic clinic services could be an operative strategy to prevent expensive diabetic and cardiovascular events, mainly in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T. Alam
- Airport Health Center, Consultant Family Medicine, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy Planning & HI - Business & Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Neelufur S. Sait
- Dietician,Department of Operations, Airport Health Center,Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jeyaram I. Krishnan
- Biostatistician Second \x{2022} Strategy Planning & HI - Business & Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Bansal D, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Shamali MHMA, Albayat SSA, Himatt SM, Cyprian FS, Chivese T, Mundodan JMA, Khogali HS, Baaboura R, Kaleeckal AH, Kandy MC, Latif AN, Al-Kuwari MG, Al-Romaihi HE, Al Khal A, Bertollini R, Al-Thani MH, Farag E, Doi SAR. Duration of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness against Severe Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071036. [PMID: 35891199 PMCID: PMC9321581 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Waning immunity following administration of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines remains a concern for many health systems. We undertook a study to determine if recent reports of waning for severe disease could have been attributed to design-related bias by conducting a study only among those detected with a first SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a matched case-control study design with the study base being all individuals with first infection with SARS-CoV-2 reported in the State of Qatar between 1 January 2021 and 20 February 2022. Cases were those detected with first SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring intensive care (hard outcome), while controls were those detected with first SARS-CoV-2 infection who recovered without the need for intensive care. Cases and controls were matched in a 1:30 ratio for the calendar month of infection and the comorbidity category. Duration and magnitude of conditional vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one more case of COVID-19 requiring intensive care was estimated for the mRNA (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273) vaccines. Conditional vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care was 59% (95% confidence interval (CI), 50 to 76) between the first and second dose, and strengthened to 89% (95% CI, 85 to 92) between the second dose and 4 months post the second dose in persons who received a primary course of the vaccine. There was no waning of vaccine effectiveness in the period from 4 to 6, 6 to 9, and 9 to 12 months after the second dose. This study demonstrates that, contrary to mainstream reports using hierarchical measures of effectiveness, conditional vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care remains robust till at least 12 months after the second dose of mRNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bansal
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Al Mina Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (J.A.); (M.C.K.); (M.G.A.-K.)
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, University Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Maha H. M. A. Al-Shamali
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Soha S. A. Albayat
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Sayed M. Himatt
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Farhan S. Cyprian
- Immunology Division, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Arab League Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Tawanda Chivese
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, University Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Jesha M. A. Mundodan
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Hayat S. Khogali
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Rekayahouda Baaboura
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Anvar H. Kaleeckal
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.H.K.); (A.N.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Mujeeb C. Kandy
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Al Mina Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (J.A.); (M.C.K.); (M.G.A.-K.)
| | - Ali Nizar Latif
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.H.K.); (A.N.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Al Mina Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (J.A.); (M.C.K.); (M.G.A.-K.)
| | - Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Abdullatif Al Khal
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.H.K.); (A.N.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Roberto Bertollini
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Mohamed Hamad Al-Thani
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Elmobashar Farag
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Suhail A. R. Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, University Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-6600-1271
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11
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Haider MZ, Al-Mannai A, Al-Sirhan S, Elsabagh A, Nasser N, Al-Quraishi N, Ouda A, Erradi K, Ashour AA, Gupta I, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Romaihi HE, Bansal D, Musa OAH, Abd Farag EAB, Al-Thani MHJ, Al Moustafa AE. Impact of Smoking on COVID-19 Symptoms in Non-Vaccinated Patients: A Matched Observational Study from Qatar. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:531-540. [PMID: 35321233 PMCID: PMC8937311 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s347130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Predisposition to acute illness from COVID-19 is suggested to correlate with cigarette smoking as it augments the risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, including infections. However, the effects of smoking on COVID-19 symptoms are not well described and controversial. In this study, we aim to explore the associations between smoking and COVID-19 symptoms. Subjects and Methods A cross-sectional study using the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), Qatar database was administered to a Qatari population with confirmed COVID-19 disease who filled in pre-defined phone-call questionnaire between 27th February 2020 and 31st December 2020. We analyzed 11,701 non-vaccinated COVID-19 individuals (2952 smokers and 8749 non-smokers) with confirmed RT-PCR test results. The association of smoking and the presence of symptoms as well as patient characteristics was calculated using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, adjusting for potential covariates. Results Compared with the non-smokers, symptomatic COVID-19 infection is significantly higher in smokers. In addition, we found fever as the most common symptom developed in COVID-19 patients followed by cough, headache, muscle ache, and sore throat. As compared to other symptoms, association of smoking with chills and abdominal pain was less evident (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, both groups showed similar rates of developing cough. Conclusion In conclusion, smoking is associated with COVID-19 symptoms frequency in non-vaccinated patients; nevertheless, further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanism of this association which could generate new targets for the management of COVID-19 in smoker patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amna Al-Mannai
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sally Al-Sirhan
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Elsabagh
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasser Nasser
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Amr Ouda
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khadija Erradi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anas A Ashour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar, Tel +974 4403 7817, Fax +974 4403-3333, Email
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12
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Al-Kuwari MG, Al-Nuaimi AA, Abdulmajeed J, Semaan S, Al-Romaihi HE, Kandy MC, Swamy S. COVID-19 infection across workplace settings in Qatar: a comparison of COVID-19 positivity rates of screened workers from March 1st until July 31st, 2020. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:21. [PMID: 34140020 PMCID: PMC8210512 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 transmission was significant amongst Qatar's working population during the March-July 2020 outbreak. The study aimed to estimate the risk of exposure for COVID-19 across various workplace settings and demographics in the State of Qatar. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing surveillance data of all workplaces with 10 or more laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. These workplaces were categorized using a mapping table adapted from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes, 2017 version. The data was then analyzed to estimate and compare the positivity rate as an indicator of the risk of developing COVID-19 infection across various workplace settings in the State of Qatar. RESULTS The highest positivity rate was reported amongst the Construction & Related (40.0%) and the Retail & Wholesale Trade sectors (40.0%), whereas, the lowest positivity rate was attributed to the healthcare workplace setting (11.0%). The highest incidence of COVID-19 infections occurred in South Asian nationalities and in the male gender. The private funded sector employees have seen higher positivity rate than employees of the governmental funded sector. CONCLUSION The elevated risk of infection in Construction and Retail & Wholesale Trade is probably due to environmental and educational vulnerabilities. The predominant labor force of those workplace categories is South Asian craft and male manual workers. Alternatively, the better containment of the healthcare workplace setting can be attributed to the enforcement of infection control and occupational safety measures. These findings imply the importance of using preventive and surveillance strategies for high-risk workplace settings appropriately.
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13
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Mohideen FS, Rajkumar Honest PC, Syed MA, David KV, Abdulmajeed J, Ramireddy N. Prevalence of multimorbidity among adults attending primary health care centres in Qatar: A retrospective cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1823-1828. [PMID: 34195110 PMCID: PMC8208191 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2446_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Multimorbidity (MM) is a global concern following the increase in life expectancy, the conquering of major infectious diseases, and the advances in the management of chronic illnesses. It places a substantial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Aims: This study aims to describe the prevalence and pattern of MM in adults among primary healthcare users in Qatar. Settings and Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study design. Methods and Material: Data were extracted from the electronic health records of patients aged 18 years and above who registered for care with 27 primary health centres in Qatar from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2020. The distribution of MM among age groups, gender and nationality was analysed. Results: In the study population of 7,96,427, the prevalence of MM was found to be 22.1%. MM was more prevalent in females (51.2%) than males (48.8%). The prevalence of MM showed an increasing trend with increasing age, with a peak of 25.8% found in the 46–55 age group. Qatari nationals accounted for 32.7% of MM, Southeast Asians for 28.3%, North Africans for 16.7% and individuals from other Middle Eastern countries for 14.1%. The five most common long-term chronic conditions were type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity and eczema, with the first three being the most prevalent disease clusters. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that MM is common in Qatar's primary care centres. While the prevalence of MM was found to increase with increasing age, the largest proportion of patients with MM were those aged 46–55 years. This information adds to the available data on MM and directs health policymakers towards tailoring the management for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Ahmed Syed
- Clinical Affairs - Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar
| | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy Planning & HI - Business & Health Intelligence, Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar
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14
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Al-Kuwari MG, AbdulMalik MA, Al-Nuaimi AA, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Romaihi HE, Semaan S, Kandy M. Epidemiology Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection Amongst Primary Health Care Workers in Qatar: March-October 2020. Front Public Health 2021; 9:679254. [PMID: 34095077 PMCID: PMC8173064 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.679254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 transmission was significant among Healthcare workers worldwide. In March 2020, Qatar started reporting numbers of COVID-19 positive cases among workers in Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC). The study estimates the burden of the aforementioned infections and examines the demographic characteristics associated with the recorded positivity rates. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among Primary healthcare workers between March 1st and October 31st, 2020. The study examined the positivity rate of the different types of Primary healthcare workers and, analyzed the demographic characteristics of the infected persons. Results: 1,048 (87.4%) of the infected Health Care Workers (HCWs) belonged to the age group below 45 years, and 488 (40.7%) HCWs were females. 450 (37.5%) were HCWs clinical staff working in one of the 27 PHCC Health Centers (HCs) Despite the increased patient footfall and risk environment, the COVID dedicated HCs had an attack rate of 10.1%, which is not significantly different from the average attack rate of 8.9% among staff located in other HCs (p = 0.26). Storekeepers, engineering & maintenance staff, housekeeping staff, support staff, and security staff (outsourced non-clinical positions) had the highest positivity rates, 100, 67.2, 47.1, 32.4, and 29.5% respectively. Conclusion: The elevated risk of infection among outsourced non-clinical healthcare workers can be explained by environmental factors such as living conditions. Furthermore, better containment within clinical healthcare workers can be attributed to strict safety training and compliance with preventative measures which is recommended to be implemented across all settings.
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15
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Swathi M, Sabeena S, Abdulmajeed J, Pattanaik S, Dsa O, Shubha HS, Varma M, Bhatt P, Ravishankar N, Arunkumar G. Development and Evaluation of a Mobile App for Guiding Rabies Prophylaxis among Health-Care Professionals in India. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:473-477. [PMID: 33623204 PMCID: PMC7877410 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_510_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The majority of dog-mediated human rabies as well as rabies-related human deaths are reported from low-income countries of Asia and Africa where access to appropriate postexposure prophylaxis is limited or nonexistent. At present, India is second in position after China in terms of having the highest number of mobile phone users surpassing the United States. Objective: In this context, we decided to develop a user-friendly, technically less demanding, mobile App for health-care professionals, which is accessible even without Internet facility. Methodology: The current study was conducted in four phases, namely assemblage of informational contents on rabies, development of the software, assessment of the reliability of the questionnaire tool and evaluation of the mobile App. The evaluation of App was conducted among physicians and nursing staffs in a tertiary care referral hospital. Results: The information content was prepared referring national and international guidelines. The App was designed with Hypertext Markup Language 5 for presentation on the World Wide Web and was coined the name of “RabiApp.” This is a hybrid App of the native App and web App, allowing the information to be stored in the local server. The mobile App was assessed using a validated and reliable questionnaire after confirming the internal consistency by means of Cronbach's alpha. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the main scale was 0.788, which was a respectable score. Conclusion: The developed App is a user-friendly, easily accessible platform, which can help health-care professionals in making decisions regarding rabies wound management, treatment, and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhar Swathi
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sasidharanpillai Sabeena
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarthak Pattanaik
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Oliver Dsa
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Shubha
- School of Communications, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Muralidhar Varma
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Puneet Bhatt
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Data Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India
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16
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Arunkumar G, Devadiga S, McElroy AK, Prabhu S, Sheik S, Abdulmajeed J, Robin S, Sushama A, Jayaram A, Nittur S, Shakir M, Kumar KGS, Radhakrishnan C, Sakeena K, Vasudevan J, Reena KJ, Sarita RL, Klena JD, Spiropoulou CF, Laserson KF, Nichol ST. Adaptive Immune Responses in Humans During Nipah Virus Acute and Convalescent Phases of Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:1752-1756. [PMID: 30615097 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nipah virus (NiV) is 1 of 10 potential causes of imminent public health emergencies of international concern. We investigated the NiV outbreak that occurred in May 2018 in Kerala, India. Here we describe the longitudinal characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to NiV infection during the acute and convalescent phases in 2 human survivors. METHODS Serial blood samples were obtained from the only 2 survivors of the NiV outbreak in Kerala. We used flow cytometry to determine the absolute T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts and the phenotypes of both T and B cells. We also detected and quantitated the humoral immune response to NiV by virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes remained within normal limits throughout the period of illness studied in both survivors. However, a marked elevation of activated CD8 T cells was observed in both cases. More than 30% of total CD8 T cells expressed Ki67, indicating active proliferation. Proliferating (Ki-67+) CD8 T cells expressed high levels of granzyme B and PD-1, consistent with the profile of acute effector cells. Total B-lymphocyte, activated B-cell, and plasmablast counts were also elevated in NiV survivors. These individuals developed detectable NiV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies within a week of disease onset. Clearance of NiV RNA from blood preceded the appearance of virus-specific IgG and coincided with the peak of activated CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS We describe for the first time longitudinal kinetic data on the activation status of human B- and T-cell populations during acute NiV infection. While marked CD8 T-cell activation was observed with effector characteristics, activated CD4 T cells were less prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santhosha Devadiga
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suresh Prabhu
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Shahin Sheik
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudandiradas Robin
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Aswathyraj Sushama
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Anup Jayaram
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudheesh Nittur
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Shakir
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Karayil Sakeena
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jayasree Vasudevan
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | - John D Klena
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Stuart T Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Kuriakose S, Sabeena S, Binesh D, Abdulmajeed J, Ravishankar N, Ramachandran A, Vijaykumar B, Ameen N. Diagnostic accuracy of self‐collected vaginal samples for
HPV DNA
detection in women from South India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 149:219-224. [DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kuriakose
- Gynecologic Oncology Division Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Government Medical College Kozhikode Kerala India
| | | | - Damodaran Binesh
- Department of Radiation Oncology Government Medical College Kozhikode Kerala India
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Manipal Institute of Virology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Data Science Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Amrutha Ramachandran
- Gynecologic Oncology Division Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Government Medical College Kozhikode Kerala India
| | - Bindu Vijaykumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Government Medical College Kozhikode Kozhikode Kerala India
| | - Nurul Ameen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Government Medical College Kozhikode Kozhikode Kerala India
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18
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Sabeena S, Kuriakose S, Binesh D, Abdulmajeed J, Dsouza G, Ramachandran A, Vijaykumar B, Aswathyraj S, Devadiga S, Ravishankar N, Arunkumar G. The Utility of Urine-Based Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Resource Settings. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2409-2413. [PMID: 31450914 PMCID: PMC6852825 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: WHO has recommended Visual Inspection with Acetic acid (VIA) or Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing if feasible, for cervical cancer screening in low income countries. However, the number of women undergoing screening is very low as a result of limited information, inadequate infrastructure and invasive nature of sampling. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out comparing HPV DNA detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in paired cervical and urine samples procured from histologically confirmed cervical cancer cases. Results: Amongst the samples collected from 114 cervical cancer cases, HPV DNA was tested positive in cervical samples of 89 (78.1%) and urine samples of 55 (48.2%) patients. The agreement between the two sampling methods was 66.7% and the kappa value was 0.35 indicating a fair agreement. The sensitivity of HPV detection using urine samples was 59.6% (95% confidence interval 49.16%-69.15%) and the specificity was 92% (95% confidence interval 75.0%-97.8%). Conclusion: Even though not acceptable as an HPV DNA screening tool due to low sensitivity, the urine sampling method is inexpensive and more socially acceptable for large epidemiological surveys in developing countries to estimate the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharanpillai Sabeena
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Santhosh Kuriakose
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Damodaran Binesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Giselle Dsouza
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Amrutha Ramachandran
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Bindu Vijaykumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Sushama Aswathyraj
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Santhosha Devadiga
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnatka, India
| | - Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Thangaraj JWV, Vasanthapuram R, Machado L, Arunkumar G, Sodha SV, Zaman K, Bhatnagar T, Hameed SKS, Kumar A, Abdulmajeed J, Velayudhan A, Deoshatwar A, Desai AS, Kumar KH, Gupta N, Laserson K, Murhekar M. Risk Factors for Acquiring Scrub Typhus among Children in Deoria and Gorakhpur Districts, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2364-2367. [PMID: 30457537 PMCID: PMC6256400 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus is associated with outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome in Uttar Pradesh, India. A case-control study indicated that children residing, playing, or visiting fields; living with firewood stored indoors; handling cattle fodder; and practicing open defecation were at increased risk for scrub typhus. Communication messages should focus on changing these behaviors.
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Naren Babu N, Jayaram A, Hemanth Kumar H, Pareet P, Pattanaik S, Auti AM, Abdulmajeed J, Maity H, Devadiga S, Bhandari Y, Agre Deepchand H, Shakir M, Kumar N, Arunkumar G. Spatial distribution of Haemaphysalis species ticks and human Kyasanur Forest Disease cases along the Western Ghats of India, 2017-2018. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 77:435-447. [PMID: 30809731 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral haemorrhagic fever, transmitted to humans and other hosts by a tick vector of genus Haemaphysalis. It affects 400-500 people annually in the Western Ghats region of India through spring to summer season. To understand the species composition, distribution, and abundance of Haemaphysalis ticks in endemic taluks (sub-districts) of India, a surveillance for ticks was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018. In total 105 sites were selected based on grid sampling from five taluks representing five KFD endemic states in south India. A sum of 8373 ticks were collected by using standard flagging method. The study showed a wide distribution of host seeking tick species among the selected taluks, wherein Haemaphysalis spinigera was predominant in 3/5 taluks, Haemaphysalis bispinosa in 1/5 taluks, and both the species in 1/5 taluks. Further, the H. spinigera abundance was categorised and compared with the incidence of human cases during the same season. The grids with very high and high H. spinigera abundance had 70% of the 205 human cases reported. This method of tick surveillance could be efficiently used as a standard model for KFD transmission risk assessment and prediction of impending outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naren Babu
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Anup Jayaram
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - H Hemanth Kumar
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Prashant Pareet
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Sarthak Pattanaik
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Amogh Milind Auti
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Hindol Maity
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Santhosha Devadiga
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Yuvraj Bhandari
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - H Agre Deepchand
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Muhammed Shakir
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Nishikant Kumar
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research (Regional Reference Laboratory for Influenza Viruses and ICMR Virology Network Laboratory-Grade-I), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India.
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Arunkumar G, Abdulmajeed J, Santhosha D, Aswathyraj S, Robin S, Jayaram A, Radhakrishnan C, Sajeeth KKG, Sakeena K, Jayasree V, Reena J, Sarita L. Persistence of Nipah Virus RNA in Semen of Survivor. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 69:377-378. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed to be university), Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed to be university), Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Devadiga Santhosha
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed to be university), Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Sushama Aswathyraj
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed to be university), Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Sudandiradas Robin
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed to be university), Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Anup Jayaram
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed to be university), Manipal, Karnataka
| | | | | | - Karayil Sakeena
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Vasudevan Jayasree
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Joseph K Reena
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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