1
|
Tungare K, Gupta J, Bhori M, Garse S, Kadam A, Jha P, Jobby R, Amanullah M, Vijayakumar S. Nanomaterial in controlling biofilms and virulence of microbial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106722. [PMID: 38815775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave concern to global public health, exacerbated by the alarming shortage of effective antibiotics in the pipeline. Biofilms, intricate populations of bacteria encased in self-produced matrices, pose a significant challenge to treatment, as they enhance resistance to antibiotics and contribute to the persistence of organisms. Amid these challenges, nanotechnology emerges as a promising domain in the fight against biofilms. Nanomaterials, with their unique properties at the nanoscale, offer innovative antibacterial modalities not present in traditional defensive mechanisms. This comprehensive review focuses on the potential of nanotechnology in combating biofilms, focusing on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their associated anti-biofilm potential. The review encompasses various aspects of nanoparticle-mediated biofilm inhibition, including mechanisms of action. The diverse mechanisms of action of green-synthesized nanoparticles offer valuable insights into their potential applications in addressing AMR and improving treatment outcomes, highlighting novel strategies in the ongoing battle against infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Juhi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mustansir Bhori
- Inveniolife Technology PVT LTD, Office No.118, Grow More Tower, Plot No.5, Sector 2, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Samiksha Garse
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aayushi Kadam
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Anatek Services PVT LTD, 10, Sai Chamber, Near Santacruz Railway Bridge, Sen Nagar, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400055, India
| | - Pamela Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India; Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Mohammed Amanullah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, 61421
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naiel B, Fawzy M, Mahmoud AED, Halmy MWA. Sustainable fabrication of dimorphic plant derived ZnO nanoparticles and exploration of their biomedical and environmental potentialities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13459. [PMID: 38862646 PMCID: PMC11167042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although, different plant species were utilized for the fabrication of polymorphic, hexagonal, spherical, and nanoflower ZnO NPs with various diameters, few studies succeeded in synthesizing small diameter ZnO nanorods from plant extract at ambient temperature. This work sought to pioneer the ZnO NPs fabrication from the aqueous extract of a Mediterranean salt marsh plant species Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. and assess the role of temperature in the fabrication process. Various techniques have been used to evaluate the quality and physicochemical characteristics of ZnO NPs. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) was used as the primary test for formation confirmation. TEM analysis confirmed the formation of two different shapes of ZnO NPs, nano-rods and near hexagonal NPs at varying reaction temperatures. The nano-rods were about 25.3 and 297.9 nm in diameter and in length, respectively while hexagonal NPs were about 29.3 nm. The UV-VIS absorption spectra of the two forms of ZnO NPs produced were 370 and 365 nm for nano-rods and hexagonal NPs, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed Zn-O stretching at 642 cm-1 and XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the produced ZnO NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis; TGA was also used to confirm the thermal stability of ZnO NPs. The anti-tumor activities of the two prepared ZnO NPs forms were investigated by the MTT assay, which revealed an effective dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A-431 cell lines. Both forms displayed considerable antioxidant potential, particularly the rod-shaped ZnO NPs, with an IC50 of 148.43 µg mL-1. The rod-shaped ZnO NPs were superior candidates for destroying skin cancer, with IC50 of 93.88 ± 1 µg mL-1 ZnO NPs. Thus, rod-shaped ZnO NPs are promising, highly biocompatible candidate for biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, both shapes of phyto-synthesized NPs demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The outcomes highlight the potential of phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly alternative for water and wastewater disinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassant Naiel
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - Manal Fawzy
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- National Egyptian Biotechnology Experts Network, National Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Marwa Waseem A Halmy
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- National Egyptian Biotechnology Experts Network, National Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmad S, Ahmad N, Islam MS, Ahmad MA, Ercisli S, Ullah R, Bari A, Munir I. Rice seeds biofortification using biogenic ıron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using Glycyrrhiza glabra: a study on growth and yield ımprovement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12368. [PMID: 38811671 PMCID: PMC11137158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron, a crucial micronutrient, is an integral element of biotic vitality. The scarcity of iron in the soil creates agronomic challenges and has a detrimental impact on crop vigour and chlorophyll formation. Utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) via nanopriming emerges as an innovative method to enhance agricultural efficiency and crop health. The objective of this study was to synthesize biogenic IONPs from Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) plant extract using green chemistry and to evaluate their nanopriming effects on rice seed iron levels and growth. The synthesized IONPs were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The UV-Vis peak at 280 nm revealed the formation of IONPs. SEM and TEM showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and had an average diameter of 23.8 nm. Nanopriming resulted in a substantial enhancement in growth, as seen by a 9.25% and 22.8% increase in shoot lengths for the 50 ppm and 100 ppm treatments, respectively. The yield metrics showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of IONPs. The 1000-grain weight and spike length observed a maximum increase of 193.75% and 97.73%, respectively, at the highest concentration of IONPs. The study indicates that G. glabra synthesized IONPs as a nanopriming agent significantly increased rice seeds' growth and iron content. This suggests that there is a relationship between the dosage of IONPs and their potential for improving agricultural biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Nayab Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Mian Afaq Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zöngür A, Er Zeybekler S. Evaluation of the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis on Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00217-3. [PMID: 38662325 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has caused the products obtained with this technology to be used more daily. Information on the effects of these products, which provide great advantages in every respect, on human health and the environment is insufficient. It has been suggested that these nanoparticles may have toxic effects on living things, mostly in animal experiments and cell cultures. In this paper, the organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which contains a genome and biochemical ways highly similar to humans, is used to understand and reveal the metabolism of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toxicological effects. The toxicological effects of ZnO NPs on C. elegans organisms were investigated and the results were evaluated in terms of environment and human health. C. elegans was exposed to commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs from Olea europaea (olive tree, OLE). LC50 values were determined by probit analysis (green synthesized ZnO NP LC5024h = 84.97 mg/L, LC5072h = 33.27 mg/L, commercial ZnO NPs LC5024h = 5.75 mg/L, LC5072h = 1.91 mg/L). When the survival times of C. elegans were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, it was seen that commercial ZnO NPs were more toxic than green synthesized ZnO NPs. In MTT tests, it was clearly seen that commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs entered the cell and caused different cytotoxicity. While there was a difference between control and 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L doses in commercial ZnO NP applications, there were significant differences between control and 25, 50 mg/L concentrations in green synthesized ZnO NP applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Zöngür
- Gemerek Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Simge Er Zeybekler
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hia EM, Jang SR, Maharjan B, Park J, Park CH. Cu-MSNs and ZnO nanoparticles incorporated poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate/sodium alginate double network hydrogel for simultaneous enhancement of osteogenic differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 236:113804. [PMID: 38428209 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a double network (DN) hydrogel was synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and sodium alginate (SA), incorporating copper-doped mesoporous silica nanospheres (Cu-MSNs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The blending of PEGDA and SA (PS) facilitates the double network and improves the less porous microstructure of pure PEGDA hydrogel. Furthermore, the incorporation of ZnO NPs and Cu-MSNs into the hydrogel network (PS@ZnO/Cu-MSNs) improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel (Compressive strength = ⁓153 kPa and Young's modulus = ⁓ 1.66 kPa) when compared to PS hydrogel alone (Compressive strength = ⁓ 103 kPa and Young's modulus = ⁓ 0.95 kPa). In addition, the PS@ZnO/Cu-MSNs composite hydrogel showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Importantly, the PS@ZnO/Cu-MSNs hydrogel demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and significant early-stage osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and improved calcium mineralization, as evidenced by increased alizarin red staining (ARS) activities. These findings point to the possible use of the PS@ZnO/Cu-MSNs composite hydrogel in bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esensil Man Hia
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rim Jang
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea
| | - Bikendra Maharjan
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Park
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, the Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sugitha SKJ, Venkatesan R, Latha RG, Vetcher AA, Al-Asbahi BA, Kim SC. A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Jasminum sambac (L. Aiton). Molecules 2024; 29:1464. [PMID: 38611744 PMCID: PMC11012760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with Jasminum sambac (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific Shodhan vidhi method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution's potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Johnsy Sugitha
- Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India;
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - R. Gladis Latha
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil 629002, India
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tayyeb JZ, Priya M, Guru A, Kishore Kumar MS, Giri J, Garg A, Agrawal R, Mat KB, Arockiaraj J. Multifunctional curcumin mediated zinc oxide nanoparticle enhancing biofilm inhibition and targeting apoptotic specific pathway in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:423. [PMID: 38489102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health remains a significant global concern with the prevalence of oral pathogens and the increasing incidence of oral cancer posing formidable challenges. Additionally, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has complicated treatment strategies, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has explored the application of plant compounds mediated with nanotechnology in oral health, focusing on the antimicrobial and anticancer properties. METHODS In this study, curcumin (Cu)-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDAX, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ZnO-CU NPs was investigated through DPPH, ABTS, and zone of inhibition assays. Apoptotic assays and gene expression analysis were performed in KB oral squamous carcinoma cells to identify their anticancer activity. RESULTS ZnO-CU NPs showcased formidable antioxidant prowess in both DPPH and ABTS assays, signifying their potential as robust scavengers of free radicals. The determined minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 µg/mL against dental pathogens underscored the compelling antimicrobial attributes of ZnO-CU NPs. Furthermore, the interaction analysis revealed the superior binding affinity and intricate amino acid interactions of ZnO-CU NPs with receptors on dental pathogens. Moreover, in the realm of anticancer activity, ZnO-CU NPs exhibited a dose-dependent response against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 80 µg/mL. Unraveling the intricate mechanism of apoptotic activity, ZnO-CU NPs orchestrated the upregulation of pivotal genes, including BCL2, BAX, and P53, within the KB cells. CONCLUSIONS This multifaceted approach, addressing both antimicrobial and anticancer activity, positions ZnO-CU NPs as a compelling avenue for advancing oral health, offering a comprehensive strategy for tackling both oral infections and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madhu Priya
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Akash Garg
- Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rutvi Agrawal
- Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khairiyah Binti Mat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro‑Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Malaysia.
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro‑Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Malaysia.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kadir NHA, Murugan N, Khan AA, Sandrasegaran A, Khan AU, Alam M. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:602-615. [PMID: 38018343 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seeds) and their selective cytotoxic effectiveness on human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) and African Green Monkey Kidney, Vero cells. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity of ZnONPs. The study also examined ZnONPs' antioxidant properties. This was motivated by the limited research on the comparative cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on normal and HCT116 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope/Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM/SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for determination of chemical fingerprinting, heat stability, size, and morphology of the elements, respectively. Based on the results, ZnO NPs from pumpkins were found to be less than 5 μm and agglomerates in nature. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs fingerprinting and SEM-EDX element analysis were similar to previous literature, suggesting the sample was proven as ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs also stable at a temperature of 380°C indicating that the green material is quite robust at 60-400°C. The cell viability of Vero cells and HCT 116 cell line were measured at two different time points (24 and 48 h) to assess the cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NP on these cells using AlamarBlue assay. Cytotoxic results have shown that ZnO NPs did not inhibit Vero cells but were slightly toxic to cancer cells, with a dose-response curve IC50 = ~409.7 μg/mL. This green synthesis of ZnO NPs was found to be non-toxic to normal cells but has a slight cytotoxicity effect on HCT 116 cells. A theoretical study used molecular docking to investigate nanoparticle interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), exploring its mechanism in inhibiting CDK2's role in cancer. Further study should be carried out to determine suitable concentrations for cytotoxicity studies. Additionally, DPPH has a significant antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 of 142.857 μg/mL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Pumpkin seed extracts facilitated a rapid, high-yielding, and environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to investigate the optical properties, scalability, size, shape, dispersity, and stability of ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on Vero and HCT 116 cells was assessed, showing no inhibition of Vero cells and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. The DPPH assay was also used to investigate the antioxidant potential of biogenic nanoparticles. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction of ZnO NPs with CDK2 and to explore the mechanism by which they inhibit CDK2's role in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda Abd Kadir
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Navindran Murugan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Azhar U Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Basic Sciences, SIILAS Campus, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jadoun S, Yáñez J, Aepuru R, Sathish M, Jangid NK, Chinnam S. Recent advancements in sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using various plant extracts for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19123-19147. [PMID: 38379040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using plant extracts has gained significant attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly nature and potential applications in numerous fields. This synthetic approach reduces the reliance on non-renewable resources and eliminates the need for hazardous chemicals, minimizing environmental pollution and human health risks. These ZnO-NPs can be used in environmental remediation applications, such as wastewater treatment or soil remediation, effectively removing pollutants and improving overall ecosystem health. These NPs possess a high surface area and band gap of 3.2 eV, can produce both OH° (hydroxide) and O2-° (superoxide) radicals for the generation of holes (h+) and electrons (e-), resulting in oxidation and reduction of the pollutants in their valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) resulting in degradation of dyes (95-100% degradation of MB, MO, and RhB dyes), reduction and removal of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, etc.), degradation of pharmaceutical compounds (paracetamol, urea, fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin)) using photocatalysis. Here, we review an overview of various plant extracts used for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their potential applications in environmental remediation including photocatalysis, adsorption, and heavy metal remediation. This review summarizes the most recent studies and further research perspectives to explore their applications in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Jadoun
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica E Inorgánica, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, 4070371, Concepción, Chile
| | - Radhamanohar Aepuru
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manda Sathish
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravikumar OV, Marunganathan V, Kumar MSK, Mohan M, Shaik MR, Shaik B, Guru A, Mat K. Zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with cinnamic acid for targeting dental pathogens receptor and modulating apoptotic genes in human oral epidermal carcinoma KB cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:352. [PMID: 38400866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral diseases are often attributed to dental pathogens such as S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. In this research work, a novel approach was employed to combat these pathogens by preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) capped with cinnamic acid (CA) plant compounds. METHODS The synthesized ZnO-CA NPs were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant activity of ZnO-CA NPs was confirmed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial effects of ZnO-CA NPs were validated using a zone of inhibition assay against dental pathogens. Autodock tool was used to identify the interaction of cinnamic acid with dental pathogen receptors. RESULTS ZnO-CA NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, suggesting their potential as powerful antioxidants. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ZnO-CA NPs against dental pathogens was found 25 µg/mL, indicating their effective antimicrobial properties. Further, ZnO-CA NPs showed better binding affinity and amino acid interaction with dental pathogen receptors. Also, the ZnO-CA NPs exhibited dose-dependent (5 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL) anticancer activity against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells. The mechanism of action of apoptotic activity of ZnO-CA NPs on the KB cells was identified through the upregulation of BCL-2, BAX, and P53 genes. CONCLUSIONS This research establishes the potential utility of ZnO-CA NPs as a promising candidate for dental applications. The potent antioxidant, anticancer, and effective antimicrobial properties of ZnO-CA NPs make them a valuable option for combating dental pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Ravikumar
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanitha Marunganathan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Magesh Mohan
- Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baji Shaik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Khairiyah Mat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro‑Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Malaysia.
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro‑Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fahaduddin, Bal T. Invitro- invivo evaluations of green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Ipomoea aquatica leaf extract as matric and fillers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106330. [PMID: 38150815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study details the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing the aqueous leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica. A straightforward, economically viable, and consistent green synthesis technique was devised for producing these nanoparticles. The resulting Zinc oxide nanoparticles underwent comprehensive characterization through XRD, FESEM, EDS, FT-IR, TGA, and DSC analyses. Additionally, the study encompassed In- vitro and In- vivo assessments, including examinations of anti-microbial effects, hemocompatibility, anti-inflammatory responses, oral toxicity in mice, and fish toxicity using the Danio rerio model. The toxicological evaluations were done using the Danio rerio model (fish toxicity) and oral toxicity studies on mice. The particle size and zeta potential were verified using a DLS study, while EDS analyses validated the elemental composition of the nanoparticles. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed through distinctive peaks in the XRD pattern. The HR-TEM results confirmed the particle size range obtained by the Light scattering technique. Encouraging results were observed across the range of pharmacological activities conducted, demonstrating positive outcomes in terms of anti-microbial, hemocompatibility, anti-inflammatory attributes, In-vitro cytotoxicity, oral toxicity, and fish toxicity. This study not only showcased an eco-friendly and cost-efficient method for synthesizing Zinc oxide nanoparticles but also highlighted their potential implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahaduddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Trishna Bal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alghamdi RA, Al-Zahrani MH, Altarjami LR, Al Abdulmonem W, Samir N, Said A, Shami AA, Mohamed WS, Ezzeldien M. Biogenic Zinc oxide nanoparticles from Celosia argentea: toward improved antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1283898. [PMID: 38162186 PMCID: PMC10757369 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1283898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenic Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from Celosia argentea (C. argentea) plant extract. Structural analysis confirms the successful synthesis of biogenic zinc oxide NPs from C. argentea extract. The biogenic ZnO NPs have an average particle size of 21.55 ± 4.73 nm, a semispherical shape, and a specific surface area of about 50 m2/g. The biogenic ZnO NPs have a powerful radical scavenging activity (Ic50 = 91.24 mg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (ASC) as a standard (Ic50 = 14.37 mg/ml). The antibacterial efficacy was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using an agar disc diffusion method. Gram-positive strains with biogenic ZnO NPs have a greater bactericidal impact than gram-negative strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Anticancer activity against Liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated using a [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. The results reflect the concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect of biogenic ZnO NPs against HepG2 cells even at low concentrations (Ic50 = 49.45 μg/ml) compared with doxorubicin (Ic50 = 14.67 μg/ml) and C. argentea extract (Ic50 = 112.24 μg/ml). The cell cycle and gene expression were analyzed to determine the potential anticancer mechanism. The flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle revealed that biogenic ZnO NPs induce oxidative stress that activates the apoptotic genes NF-κB, CY-C, and P53, leading to cell death. The Celosia argentea improved the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of ZnO NPs without altering their structural properties. The effect of green synthesis on the bioactivity of biogenic ZnO NPs in vivo is recommended for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lamaia R. Altarjami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Samir
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Alaa Said
- Electronic and Nano Devises Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ashjan A. Shami
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, College of applied medical sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. S. Mohamed
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ezzeldien
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Metallurgy and Material Science Tests Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tahir H, Rashid F, Ali S, Summer M, Abaidullah R. Spectrophotometrically, Spectroscopically, Microscopically and Thermogravimetrically Optimized TiO 2 and ZnO Nanoparticles and their Bactericidal, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential: A Novel Comparative Approach. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03367-0. [PMID: 37672182 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Current study was aimed to determine the antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, particle size analyzer (PSA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by standard agar dilution method. Antibacterial potential of nanoparticles was analyzed by standard disc diffusion method against bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Different concentrations of NPs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 mg/mL) were incorporated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of these NPs was analyzed by DPPH method and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay, respectively. The MIC of TiO2NPs against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae was 0.04, 0.08 and 0.07 mg/mL respectively while the MIC of ZnONPs against the above strains was 0.01, 0.015 and 0.01 mg/mL. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed for K. pneumoniae i.e., 20mm and 25mm against TiO2 and ZnO NPs respectively, at 1.4 mg/mL concentration of NPs. The susceptibility of NPs against bacterial strains was evaluated in the following order: K. pneumoniae > P. aeruginosa > E. coli. The antioxidant activity of nanoparticles increased by increasing the concentration of NPs while cytotoxic analysis exhibited non-toxic effect of ZnO NPs while TiO2 had toxic effects on 1.2 and 1.4 mg/mL concentrations. Results revealed that ZnO NPs have more antibacterial and negligible cytotoxic potential in contrast to TiO2 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunaiza Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Abaidullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ajaykumar AP, Sabira O, Sebastian M, Varma SR, Roy KB, Binitha VS, Rasheed VA, Jayaraj KN, Vignesh AR. A novel approach for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the defensive gland extracts of the beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10186. [PMID: 37349362 PMCID: PMC10287683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering novel natural resources for the biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is one of the two key challenges facing by the field of nanoparticle synthesis. The second challenge is a lack of information on the chemical components needed for the biological synthesis and the chemical mechanism involved in the metal nanoparticles synthesis. In the current study, microwave-assisted silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis employing the defensive gland extract of Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius (Order: Coleoptera; Family: Tenebrionidae), addresses these two challenges. This study was conducted without killing the experimental insect. Earlier studies in our laboratory showed the presence of the phenolic compounds, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, and 2,5-dimethylhydroquinone in the defensive gland extract of L. tristis. The results of the current study show that the phenolic compounds in the defensive gland extract of the beetle has the ability to reduce silver ions into AgNPs and also acts as a good capping and stabilizing agent. A possible mechanism for the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) into AgNPs is suggested. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR-TEM) techniques. The stability of biologically synthesized nanoparticles was studied by zeta potential analysis. The TEM analysis confirmed that AgNPs are well dispersed and almost round shaped. The average size of nanoparticle ranges from 10 to 20 nm. EDX analysis showed that silver is the prominent metal present in the nanomaterial solution. The AgNPs synthesized have antibacterial property against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Radical scavenging (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited anticancer activity in a cytotoxicity experiment against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthyalam Parambil Ajaykumar
- Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India.
| | - Ovungal Sabira
- Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
| | - Merin Sebastian
- Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kanakkassery Balan Roy
- Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Vazhanthodi Abdul Rasheed
- Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
| | - Kodangattil Narayanan Jayaraj
- Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Attuvalappil Ravidas Vignesh
- Division of Bio-Nanomaterial, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yassin MT, Elgorban AM, Al-Askar AA, Sholkamy EN, Ameen F, Maniah K. Synergistic Anticandidal Activities of Greenly Synthesized ZnO Nanomaterials with Commercial Antifungal Agents against Candidal Infections. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14010209. [PMID: 36677271 PMCID: PMC9865458 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The high occurrence of mycological resistance to conventional antifungal agents results in significant illness and death rates among immunodeficient patients. In addition, the underprivileged therapeutic results of conventional antifungal agents, besides the potential toxicity resulting from long term therapy necessitate the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial combinations. Hence, the objective of the present investigation is to synthesize, characterize and investigate the anticandidal action of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) formulated using Camellia sinensis leaf extract against three candidal pathogens. The eco-friendly synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized utilizing different physicochemical methods and their anticandidal potency was tested utilizing a disk diffusion assay. In this setting, the size of the biofabricated ZnO-NPs was detected using transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs, recording an average particle size of 19.380 ± 2.14 nm. In addition, zeta potential analysis revealed that the ZnO-NPs surface charge was -4.72 mV. The biogenic ZnO-NPs reveal the highest anticandidal activity against the C. tropicalis strain, demonstrating relative suppressive zones measured at 35.16 ± 0.13 and 37.87 ± 0.24 mm in diameter for ZnO-NPs concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/disk, respectively. Excitingly, Candida glabrata showed a high susceptibility to the biofabricated ZnO nanomaterials at both ZnO-NPs' concentrations (50 and 100 μg/disk) compared to the control. Moreover, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs revealed potential synergistic effectiveness with nystatin and terbinafine antifungal agents against the concerned strains. The maximum synergistic efficiency was noticed against the C. glabrata strain, demonstrating relative synergistic percentages of 23.02 and 45.9%, respectively. The biogenic ZnO-NPs revealed no hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes revealing their biosafety and hemocompatibility. Finally, the high anticandidal effectiveness of biogenic ZnO-NPs against the concerned candidal pathogens, as well as potential synergistic patterns with conventional antifungal agents such as nystatin and terbinafine, emphasize the prospective application of these combinations for the fabrication of biocompatible and highly efficient antifungal agents.
Collapse
|