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Comont D, Crook L, Hull R, Sievernich B, Kevis S, Neve P. The role of interspecific variability and herbicide pre-adaptation in the cinmethylin response of Alopecurus myosuroides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3172-3181. [PMID: 38345468 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinmethylin is an inhibitor of plant fatty acid biosynthesis, with in-plant activity caused by its binding to fatty acid thioesterases (FATs). The recent registration of cinmethylin for pre-emergence herbicidal use in the UK represents a new mode-of-action (MOA) for control of the grassweed blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides). To date there is little published information on the extent of blackgrass' inter-population variability in sensitivity to cinmethylin, nor on any potential effect of existing non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms on cinmethylin efficacy. RESULTS Here we present a study of variability in cinmethylin sensitivity amongst 97 UK blackgrass populations. We demonstrate that under controlled conditions, a UK field-rate dose of 500 g ha-1 provides effective control of the tested populations. Nevertheless, we reveal significant inter-population variability at doses below this rate, with populations previously characterised as strongly NTSR displaying the lowest sensitivity to cinmethylin. Assessment of paired resistant 'R' and sensitive 'S' lines from standardised genetic backgrounds confirms that selection for NTSR to the acetyl-CoA-carboxylase inhibitor fenoxaprop, and the microtubule assembly inhibitor pendimethalin, simultaneously results in reduced sensitivity to cinmethylin at doses below 500 g ha-1. Whilst we find no resistance to the field-rate dose, we reveal that cinmethylin sensitivity can be further reduced through experimental selection with cinmethylin. CONCLUSION Cinmethylin therefore represents a much-needed further MOA for blackgrass control, but needs to be carefully managed within a resistance monitoring and integrated weed management (IWM) framework to maximise the effective longevity of this compound. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Comont
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Laura Crook
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Richard Hull
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Bernd Sievernich
- Technical Project Management Europe, Agricultural Solutions BASF SE, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Stuart Kevis
- Business Development, Agricultural Solutions UK, BASF Plc, Stockport, UK
| | - Paul Neve
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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2
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Souza MMV, Souza ADV, Rodrigues AA, Batista PF, Castro ST, Silva IMHL, Jakelaitis A, Costa AC, Sales JF. The allelopathic effects of aqueous Talinum triangulare (jacq.) willd extracts on the development of Lactuca sativa L. seedlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e279983. [PMID: 38922190 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.279983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants that produce allelopathic compounds against weeds have emerged as a potential solution for the development of ecologically correct bioherbicides. Talinum triangulare is noteworthy in this regard, as its phytochemical composition encompasses flavonoids, alkaloids and other metabolites that can be used to develop inhibitory weed growth solutions. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been widely applied as a bioindicator species for bioherbicides and several chemicals, animal waste, water and soil quality, and atmospheric contamination, among others. In this context, this study aimed to assess the potential allelopathic effect of aqueous T. triangulare extracts on the development of L. sativa seedlings. A completely randomized design employing a 2x4 factorial scheme (shoot and root extracts) x the concentration of each extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5%) was applied, comprising four replications. Lactuca sativa seeds were sown on germitest papers soaked with the extracts in a germination chamber at 20°C. Physiological seed evaluations comprising the germination test, where normal and abnormal seedlings are counted on the seventh day after sowing, first normal seedling counts on the fourth day after sowing, and seedling and root length measurements. At the end of the germination test, L. sativa seedlings were separated for morphoanatomical characterizations and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses. The T. triangulare extracts significantly influenced L. sativa root growth, with shoot extract exposure leading to more abnormal plants and lower root lengths at increasing concentrations and compared to the root extract. Root extract exposure led to evident cellular changes and lower non-photochemical quenching and unregulated dissipation quantum yields at a 5% exposure dose compared to shoot extract exposure. These findings suggest that both aqueous T. triangulare root and shoot extracts from 5% exposure doses exhibit high potential as bioherbicides, acting directly on plant structure, anatomy, quality, size and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M V Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Sementes, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - A D V Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Sementes, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - A A Rodrigues
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Sementes, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - P F Batista
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - S T Castro
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Sementes, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - I M H L Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Sementes, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - A Jakelaitis
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Plantas daninhas, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - A C Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - J F Sales
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Laboratório de Sementes, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
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3
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Lowe C, Onkokesung N, Goldberg A, Beffa R, Neve P, Edwards R, Comont D. RNA and protein biomarkers for detecting enhanced metabolic resistance to herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl and fenoxaprop-ethyl in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2539-2551. [PMID: 38375975 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of non-target site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides leads to a significant reduction in herbicide control of agricultural weed species. Detecting NTSR in weed populations prior to herbicide treatment would provide valuable information for effective weed control. While not all NTSR mechanisms have been fully identified, enhanced metabolic resistance (EMR) is one of the better studied, conferring tolerance through increased herbicide detoxification. Confirming EMR towards specific herbicides conventionally involves detecting metabolites of the active herbicide molecule in planta, but this approach is time-consuming and requires access to well-equipped laboratories. RESULTS In this study, we explored the potential of using molecular biomarkers to detect EMR before herbicide treatment in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides). We tested the reliability of selected biomarkers to predict EMR and survival after herbicide treatments in both reference and 27 field-derived black-grass populations collected from sites across the UK. The combined analysis of the constitutive expression of biomarkers and metabolism studies confirmed three proteins, namely, AmGSTF1, AmGSTU2 and AmOPR1, as differential biomarkers of EMR toward the herbicides fenoxaprop-ethyl and mesosulfuron in black-grass. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that there is potential to use molecular biomarkers to detect EMR toward specific herbicides in black-grass without reference to metabolism analysis. However, biomarker development must include testing at both transcript and protein levels in order to be reliable indicators of resistance. This work is a first step towards more robust resistance biomarker development, which could be expanded into other herbicide chemistries for on-farm testing and monitoring EMR in uncharacterised black-grass populations. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lowe
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alina Goldberg
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roland Beffa
- Senior Scientific Consultant, Liederbach, Germany
| | - Paul Neve
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Comont
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
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4
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Sun W, An M, Ren W, Geng F, Wang D, Wang X. Low-concentration repeated exposure and high-concentration single exposure of cyanamide suppressed the growth of redroot pigweed in the alfalfa field. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105908. [PMID: 38685229 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The inclination toward natural products has led to the onset of the discovery of new bioactive metabolites that could be targeted for specific therapeutic or agronomic applications. Despite increasing knowledge coming to light of plant-derived materials as leads for new herbicides, relatively little is known about the mode of action on herbicide-resistant weeds. Cyanamide (CA) is a naturally occurring herbicide synthesized by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). However, it has not been experimentally verified whether CA suppresses target plants via sustained discharge at low concentrations, as is often the case with most plant-derived materials. This study aimed to detect the toxicity and the mode of action of CA to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). The toxicity of CA toward the alfalfa and redroot pigweed by three different exposure patterns was compared: low-concentration repeated exposure with 0.3 g/L CA (LRE), high-concentration single exposure with 1.2 g/L CA (HSE), and distilled water spray as control. The results showed that CA had a stronger inhibitory effect on redroot pigweed growth compared to alfalfa under both LRE and HSE exposure modes, with leaves gradually turning yellow and finally wilting. Beyond that, field trials were conducted to corroborate the toxicity of CA to alfalfa and redroot pigweed. The results have also shown that CA could inhibit the growth of redroot pigweed without significant adverse effects on alfalfa. The outcomes concerning electrolyte permeability, root activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content indicated that CA suppressed the growth of redroot pigweed by interfering with the structure of the cell membrane and impacting cellular osmotic potential. CA could destroy the cell membrane structure to inhibit the growth of the redroot pigweed by both LRE and HSE exposure modes, which provides a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling redroot pigweed in alfalfa fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingzhu An
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feilong Geng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Metcalfe H, Storkey J, Hull R, Bullock JM, Whitmore A, Sharp RT, Milne AE. Trade-offs constrain the success of glyphosate-free farming. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8001. [PMID: 38580796 PMCID: PMC10997608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, is linked with environmental harm and there is a drive to replace it in agricultural systems. We model the impacts of discontinuing glyphosate use and replacing it with cultural control methods. We simulate winter wheat arable systems reliant on glyphosate and typical in northwest Europe. Removing glyphosate was projected to increase weed abundance, herbicide risk to the environment, and arable plant diversity and decrease food production. Weed communities with evolved resistance to non-glyphosate herbicides were not projected to be disproportionately affected by removing glyphosate, despite the lack of alternative herbicidal control options. Crop rotations with more spring cereals or grass leys for weed control increased arable plant diversity. Stale seedbed techniques such as delayed drilling and choosing ploughing instead of minimum tillage had varying effects on weed abundance, food production, and profitability. Ploughing was the most effective alternative to glyphosate for long-term weed control while maintaining production and profit. Our findings emphasize the need for careful consideration of trade-offs arising in scenarios where glyphosate is removed. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) with more use of cultural control methods offers the potential to reduce chemical use but is sensitive to seasonal variability and can incur negative environmental and economic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Metcalfe
- Net Zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - J Storkey
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R Hull
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J M Bullock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - A Whitmore
- Net Zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R T Sharp
- Net Zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - A E Milne
- Net Zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
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6
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Ahmadnia F, Alebrahim MT, Nabati Souha L, MacGregor DR. Evaluation of techniques to break seed dormancy in Redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus). Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2334-2345. [PMID: 38628215 PMCID: PMC11016410 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
By identifying the factors that initiate seed dormancy release, we can reliably predict whether a seed will remain dormant within or exit the seed bank and become a seedling. With regard to annual weed species, assessing which factors efficiently break seed dormancy is critical for estimating the number of weed seeds that will develop into problematic weeds. To better understand dormancy breaking in Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), dormant seeds were treated with cold stratification (4°C for 30 days), application of gibberellic acid (at 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 parts per million), ultrasound (for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min), soaking in hot water (90°C for 3, 5, 7, and 10 min), and 98% sulfuric acid (for 1, 2, and 3 min). The results showed that Redroot pigweed seed dormancy was effectively broken by cold stratification, gibberellic acid, and ultrasound. Short treatments with hot water had minimal effect while longer times or treatment with sulfuric acid stopped seed germination. In addition to germination percentage, germination rate, plumule length, radicle length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, and seed vigor index were also measured; similarly, application of gibberellic acid had the most significant effect on these parameters. The results of this study add to our knowledge of what processes effectively or ineffectively break Redroot pigweed seed dormancy and promote growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadnia
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
| | - Leyli Nabati Souha
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
| | - Dana R. MacGregor
- Department of Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
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7
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Daouti E, Neidel V, Carbonne B, Vašková H, Traugott M, Wallinger C, Bommarco R, Feit B, Bohan DA, Saska P, Skuhrovec J, Vasconcelos S, Petit S, van der Werf W, Jonsson M. Functional redundancy of weed seed predation is reduced by intensified agriculture. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14411. [PMID: 38577993 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Intensified agriculture, a driver of biodiversity loss, can diminish ecosystem functions and their stability. Biodiversity can increase functional redundancy and is expected to stabilize ecosystem functions. Few studies, however, have explored how agricultural intensity affects functional redundancy and its link with ecosystem function stability. Here, within a continental-wide study, we assess how functional redundancy of seed predation is affected by agricultural intensity and landscape simplification. By combining carabid abundances with molecular gut content data, functional redundancy of seed predation was quantified for 65 weed genera across 60 fields in four European countries. Across weed genera, functional redundancy was reduced with high field management intensity and simplified crop rotations. Moreover, functional redundancy increased the spatial stability of weed seed predation at the field scale. We found that ecosystem functions are vulnerable to disturbances in intensively managed agroecosystems, providing empirical evidence of the importance of biodiversity for stable ecosystem functions across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Daouti
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veronika Neidel
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hana Vašková
- Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Praha 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Traugott
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Corinna Wallinger
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Feit
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Bohan
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pavel Saska
- Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Praha 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Skuhrovec
- Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Praha 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Sasha Vasconcelos
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandrine Petit
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Varah A, Ahodo K, Childs DZ, Comont D, Crook L, Freckleton RP, Goodsell R, Hicks HL, Hull R, Neve P, Norris K. Acting pre-emptively reduces the long-term costs of managing herbicide resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6201. [PMID: 38485959 PMCID: PMC10940647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, pesticides improve crop yields but at great environmental cost, and their overuse has caused resistance. This incurs large financial and production losses but, despite this, very diversified farm management that might delay or prevent resistance is uncommon in intensive farming. We asked farmers to design more diversified cropping strategies aimed at controlling herbicide resistance, and estimated resulting weed densities, profits, and yields compared to prevailing practice. Where resistance is low, it is financially viable to diversify pre-emptively; however, once resistance is high, there are financial and production disincentives to adopting diverse rotations. It is therefore as important to manage resistance before it becomes widespread as it is to control it once present. The diverse rotations targeting high resistance used increased herbicide application frequency and volume, contributing to these rotations' lack of financial viability, and raising concerns about glyphosate resistance. Governments should encourage adoption of diverse rotations in areas without resistance. Where resistance is present, governments may wish to incentivise crop diversification despite the drop in wheat production as it is likely to bring environmental co-benefits. Our research suggests we need long-term, proactive, food security planning and more integrated policy-making across farming, environment, and health arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Varah
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK.
| | - Kwadjo Ahodo
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Comont
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Laura Crook
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rob Goodsell
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen L Hicks
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Southwell, UK
| | - Richard Hull
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Paul Neve
- Department of Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Ken Norris
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
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9
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Wang L, Zhang TL, Xiang Q, Fu CX, Qiao M, Ding LJ, Zhu D. Selective enrichment of virulence factor genes in the plastisphere under antibiotic and heavy metal pressures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133319. [PMID: 38159517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The growing accumulation of plastic waste in the environment has created novel habitats known as the "plastisphere", where microorganisms can thrive. Concerns are rising about the potential for pathogenic microorganisms to proliferate in the plastisphere, posing risks to human health. However, our knowledge regarding the virulence and pathogenic potential of these microorganisms in the plastisphere remains limited. This study quantified the abundance of virulence factor genes (VFGs) in the plastisphere and its surrounding environments (water and soil) to better assess pathogenic risks. Our findings revealed a selective enrichment of VFGs in the plastisphere, which were attributed to the specific microbial community assembled. The presence of arsenic and ciprofloxacin in the plastisphere exerted additional co-selective pressures, intensifying the enrichment of VFGs. Notably, VFGs that encoded multiple functions or enhanced the survival of host microorganisms (e.g., encoding adherence functions) tended to accumulate in the plastisphere. These versatile and environmentally adaptable VFGs are more likely to be favored by bacteria in the environment, warranting increased attention in future investigations due to their potential for widespread dissemination. In terms of virulence and pathogenicity, this research offers new insights into evaluating pathogen-related risks in the plastisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xi Fu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Yang L, He X, Ru S, Zhang Y. Herbicide leakage into seawater impacts primary productivity and zooplankton globally. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1783. [PMID: 38413588 PMCID: PMC10899588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Predicting the magnitude of herbicide impacts on marine primary productivity remains challenging because the extent of worldwide herbicide pollution in coastal waters and the concentration-response relationships of phytoplankton communities to multiple herbicides are unclear. By analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of herbicides at 661 bay and gulf stations worldwide from 1990 to 2022, we determined median, third quartile and maximum concentrations of 12 triazine herbicides of 0.18 nmol L-1, 1.27 nmol L-1 and 29.50 nmol L-1 (95%Confidence Interval: CI 1.06, 1.47), respectively. Under current herbicide stress, phytoplankton primary productivity was inhibited by more than 5% at 25% of the sites and by more than 10% at 10% of the sites (95%CI 3.67, 4.34), due to the inhibition of highly abundant sensitive species, community structure/particle size succession (from Bacillariophyta to Dinophyceae and from nano-phytoplankton to micro-phytoplankton), and resulting growth rate reduction. Concurrently, due to food chain cascade effects, the dominant micro-zooplankton population shifted from larger copepod larvae to smaller unicellular ciliates, which might prolong the transmission process in marine food chain and reduce the primary productivity transmission efficiency. As herbicide application rates on farmlands worldwide are correlated with residues in their adjacent seas, a continued future increase in herbicide input may seriously affect the stability of coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Xiaotong He
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
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11
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Cusworth G, Lorimer J. On Disease Configurations, Black-Grass Blowback, and Probiotic Pest Management. ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS 2024; 114:462-480. [PMID: 38415212 PMCID: PMC10896166 DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2023.2289984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This article explores approaches to managing pests that are being developed in response to the faltering effectiveness of antibiotic regimes of chemical control. It focuses on black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides), an endemic plant in European agriculture that has emerged as a serious yield-robber with increasing levels of herbicidal resistance. Following farmers and agronomists who have developed "integrated" approaches to black-grass management, the article identifies approaches to biosecurity that do not target unwanted life so much as they modulate ecological systems in their entirety. Pathogenesis, in this relational understanding, follows not from breaches of dangerous life into healthy space, but from ecological intra-actions that enable the proliferation of some life to compromise the multispecies livability of the body in question. The article contributes to the literature by detailing how this configurational approach works in the world. It traces the polymorphic spatial imaginaries required to map pests well; the process of knowledge intensification needed to reveal which configurations can resist pathogenesis; and the probiotic biopolitical interventions used to safeguard farmland productivity. The article uses black-grass to present a temporal metanarrative of intensive farming causing ecological blowback, leading to the development of approaches to pest management predicated on a pragmatic tolerance toward unwanted life.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cusworth
- Oxford Martin Program on the Future of Food, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Lorimer
- School of Geography and the Environment and Hertford College, University of Oxford, UK
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12
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Harrison C, Noleto-Dias C, Ruvo G, Hughes DJ, Smith DP, Mead A, Ward JL, Heuer S, MacGregor DR. The mechanisms behind the contrasting responses to waterlogging in black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23193. [PMID: 38417910 DOI: 10.1071/fp23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides ) is one of the most problematic agricultural weeds of Western Europe, causing significant yield losses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and other crops through competition for space and resources. Previous studies link black-grass patches to water-retaining soils, yet its specific adaptations to these conditions remain unclear. We designed pot-based waterlogging experiments to compare 13 biotypes of black-grass and six cultivars of wheat. These showed that wheat roots induced aerenchyma when waterlogged whereas aerenchyma-like structures were constitutively present in black-grass. Aerial biomass of waterlogged wheat was smaller, whereas waterlogged black-grass was similar or larger. Variability in waterlogging responses within and between these species was correlated with transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaves of control or waterlogged plants. In wheat, transcripts associated with regulation and utilisation of phosphate compounds were upregulated and sugars and amino acids concentrations were increased. Black-grass biotypes showed limited molecular responses to waterlogging. Some black-grass amino acids were decreased and one transcript commonly upregulated was previously identified in screens for genes underpinning metabolism-based resistance to herbicides. Our findings provide insights into the different waterlogging tolerances of these species and may help to explain the previously observed patchiness of this weed's distribution in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harrison
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gianluca Ruvo
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Hughes
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- International Consultant Crop Improvement and Food Security, Harpenden, UK
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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13
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Lee S, Yun CM. A deep learning model for predicting risks of crop pests and diseases from sequential environmental data. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:145. [PMID: 38093269 PMCID: PMC10720067 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop pests reduce productivity, so managing them through early detection and prevention is essential. Data from various modalities are being used to predict crop diseases by applying machine learning methodology. In particular, because growth environment data is relatively easy to obtain, many attempts are made to predict pests and diseases using it. In this paper, we propose a model that predicts diseases through previous growth environment information of crops, including air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, and CO2 concentration, using deep learning techniques. Using large-scale public data on crops of strawberry, pepper, grape, tomato, and paprika, we showed the model can predict the risk score of crop pests and diseases. It showed high predictive performance with an average AUROC of 0.917, and based on the predicted results, it can help prevent pests or post-processing. This environmental data-based crop disease prediction model and learning framework are expected to be universally applicable to various facilities and crops for disease/pest prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Choa Mun Yun
- Sherpa Space Inc., Daejeon, 34028, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Peng H, Zhao D, Tang W, Peng A. Dienediamine: A safe surrogate for the herbicide paraquat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1962-1975. [PMID: 37924209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has been used as an herbicide worldwide because of its potent activity against weeds. However, it is highly toxic to humans. The very high fatality of PQ poisoning is due to its inherent toxicity and the lack of any effective treatment. Consequently, developing a non-toxic herbicide with comparable efficacy to PQ will contribute to global food security and help prevent PQ-related fatalities. Herein, we report a new herbicide called dienediamine, which was discovered from how to intervene the redox cycle of PQ, an inherent toxicity nature. Dienediamine, the "reduced" form of PQ with no function as an electron transfer agent, was shown to be non-toxic through comprehensive in vivo and in vitro experiments at molar concentrations equivalent to PQ's absolute lethal dose. Remarkably, dienediamine can undergo conversion to PQ under natural sunlight and ambient air conditions, exhibiting herbicidal activities that are comparable to those of PQ. The conversion of dienediamine to PQ, which is toxic to chloroplasts, is the key mechanism underlying its potent herbicidal activity. Our study discovers that dienediamine is a safe and superior alternative to PQ, possessing significant potential for application in sustainable agriculture globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dake Zhao
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
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15
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Fu W, MacGregor DR, Comont D, Saski CA. Sequence Characterization of Extra-Chromosomal Circular DNA Content in Multiple Blackgrass ( Alopecurus myosuroides) Populations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1905. [PMID: 37895254 PMCID: PMC10606437 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass) is a problematic weed of Western European winter wheat, and its success is largely due to widespread multiple-herbicide resistance. Previous analysis of F2 seed families derived from two distinct blackgrass populations exhibiting equivalent non-target site resistance (NTSR) phenotypes shows resistance is polygenic and evolves from standing genetic variation. Using a CIDER-seq pipeline, we show that herbicide-resistant (HR) and herbicide-sensitive (HS) F3 plants from these F2 seed families as well as the parent populations they were derived from carry extra-chromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). We identify the similarities and differences in the coding structures within and between resistant and sensitive populations. Although the numbers and size of detected eccDNAs varied between the populations, comparisons between the HR and HS blackgrass populations identified shared and unique coding content, predicted genes, and functional protein domains. These include genes related to herbicide detoxification such as Cytochrome P450s, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and glutathione transferases including AmGSTF1. eccDNA content was mapped to the A. myosuroides reference genome, revealing genomic regions at the distal end of chromosome 5 and the near center of chromosomes 1 and 7 as regions with a high number of mapped eccDNA gene density. Mapping to 15 known herbicide-resistant QTL regions showed that the eccDNA coding sequences matched twelve, with four QTL matching HS coding sequences; only one region contained HR coding sequences. These findings establish that, like other pernicious weeds, blackgrass has eccDNAs that contain homologs of chromosomal genes, and these may contribute genetic heterogeneity and evolutionary innovation to rapidly adapt to abiotic stresses, including herbicide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangfang Fu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Dana R. MacGregor
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK; (D.R.M.); (D.C.)
| | - David Comont
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK; (D.R.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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16
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Gerullis M, Pieruschka R, Fahrner S, Hartl L, Schurr U, Heckelei T. From genes to policy: mission-oriented governance of plant-breeding research and technologies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1235175. [PMID: 37731976 PMCID: PMC10507248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Mission-oriented governance of research focuses on inspirational, yet attainable goals and targets the sustainable development goals through innovation pathways. We disentangle its implications for plant breeding research and thus impacting the sustainability transformation of agricultural systems, as it requires improved crop varieties and management practices. Speedy success in plant breeding is vital to lower the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, increase crop resilience to climate stresses and reduce postharvest losses. A key question is how this success may come about? So far plant breeding research has ignored wider social systems feedbacks, but governance also failed to deliver a set of systemic breeding goals providing directionality and organization to research policy of the same. To address these challenges, we propose a heuristic illustrating the core elements needed for governing plant breeding research: Genetics, Environment, Management and Social system (GxExMxS) are the core elements for defining directions for future breeding. We illustrate this based on historic cases in context of current developments in plant phenotyping technologies and derive implications for governing research infrastructures and breeding programs. As part of mission-oriented governance we deem long-term investments into human resources and experimental set-ups for agricultural systems necessary to ensure a symbiotic relationship for private and public breeding actors and recommend fostering collaboration between social and natural sciences for working towards transdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerullis
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Wheat and Oat Breeding Research, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Roland Pieruschka
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 2, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Fahrner
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 2, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hartl
- Wheat and Oat Breeding Research, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 2, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Heckelei
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Kersten S, Rabanal FA, Herrmann J, Hess M, Kronenberg ZN, Schmid K, Weigel D. Deep haplotype analyses of target-site resistance locus ACCase in blackgrass enabled by pool-based amplicon sequencing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1240-1253. [PMID: 36807472 PMCID: PMC10214753 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adaptation of weeds to herbicide applications in agriculture through resistance development is a widespread phenomenon. In particular, the grass Alopecurus myosuroides is an extremely problematic weed in cereal crops with the potential to manifest resistance in only a few generations. Target-site resistances (TSRs), with their strong phenotypic response, play an important role in this rapid adaptive response. Recently, using PacBio's long-read amplicon sequencing technology in hundreds of individuals, we were able to decipher the genomic context in which TSR mutations occur. However, sequencing individual amplicons are costly and time-consuming, thus impractical to implement for other resistance loci or applications. Alternatively, pool-based approaches overcome these limitations and provide reliable allele frequencies, although at the expense of not preserving haplotype information. In this proof-of-concept study, we sequenced with PacBio High Fidelity (HiFi) reads long-range amplicons (13.2 kb), encompassing the entire ACCase gene in pools of over 100 individuals, and resolved them into haplotypes using the clustering algorithm PacBio amplicon analysis (pbaa), a new application for pools in plants and other organisms. From these amplicon pools, we were able to recover most haplotypes from previously sequenced individuals of the same population. In addition, we analysed new pools from a Germany-wide collection of A. myosuroides populations and found that TSR mutations originating from soft sweeps of independent origin were common. Forward-in-time simulations indicate that TSR haplotypes will persist for decades even at relatively low frequencies and without selection, highlighting the importance of accurate measurement of TSR haplotype prevalence for weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kersten
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population GeneticsUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Department of Molecular BiologyMax Planck Institute for Biology TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Fernando A. Rabanal
- Department of Molecular BiologyMax Planck Institute for Biology TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | | | | | - Karl Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population GeneticsUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular BiologyMax Planck Institute for Biology TübingenTübingenGermany
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18
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Goldberg-Cavalleri A, Onkokesung N, Franco-Ortega S, Edwards R. ABC transporters linked to multiple herbicide resistance in blackgrass ( Alopecurus myosuroides). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1082761. [PMID: 37008473 PMCID: PMC10063862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1082761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced detoxification is a prominent mechanism protecting plants from toxic xenobiotics and endows resistance to diverse herbicide chemistries in grass weeds such as blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides). The roles of enzyme families which impart enhanced metabolic resistance (EMR) to herbicides through hydroxylation (phase 1 metabolism) and/or conjugation with glutathione or sugars (phase 2) have been well established. However, the functional importance of herbicide metabolite compartmentalisation into the vacuole as promoted by active transport (phase 3), has received little attention as an EMR mechanism. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are known to be important in drug detoxification in fungi and mammals. In this study, we identified three distinct C-class ABCCs transporters namely AmABCC1, AmABCC2 and AmABCC3 in populations of blackgrass exhibiting EMR and resistance to multiple herbicides. Uptake studies with monochlorobimane in root cells, showed that the EMR blackgrass had an enhanced capacity to compartmentalize fluorescent glutathione-bimane conjugated metabolites in an energy-dependent manner. Subcellular localisation analysis using transient expression of GFP-tagged AmABCC2 assays in Nicotiana demonstrated that the transporter was a membrane bound protein associated with the tonoplast. At the transcript level, as compared with herbicide sensitive plants, AmABCC1 and AmABCC2 were positively correlated with EMR in herbicide resistant blackgrass being co-expressed with AmGSTU2a, a glutathione transferase (GST) involved in herbicide detoxification linked to resistance. As the glutathione conjugates generated by GSTs are classic ligands for ABC proteins, this co-expression suggested AmGSTU2a and the two ABCC transporters delivered the coupled rapid phase 2/3 detoxification observed in EMR. A role for the transporters in resistance was further confirmed in transgenic yeast by demonstrating that the expression of either AmABCC1 or AmABCC2, promoted enhanced tolerance to the sulfonylurea herbicide, mesosulfuron-methyl. Our results link the expression of ABCC transporters to enhanced metabolic resistance in blackgrass through their ability to transport herbicides, and their metabolites, into the vacuole.
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19
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Cai L, Comont D, MacGregor D, Lowe C, Beffa R, Neve P, Saski C. The blackgrass genome reveals patterns of non-parallel evolution of polygenic herbicide resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1891-1907. [PMID: 36457293 PMCID: PMC10108218 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, weedy plants are a major constraint to sustainable crop production. Much of the success of weeds rests with their ability to rapidly adapt in the face of human-mediated management of agroecosystems. Alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass) is a widespread and impactful weed affecting agriculture in Europe. Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly of blackgrass and use this reference genome to explore the genomic/genetic basis of non-target site herbicide resistance (NTSR). Based on our analysis of F2 seed families derived from two distinct blackgrass populations with the same NTSR phenotype, we demonstrate that the trait is polygenic and evolves from standing genetic variation. We present evidence that selection for NTSR has signatures of both parallel and non-parallel evolution. There are parallel and non-parallel changes at the transcriptional level of several stress- and defence-responsive gene families. At the genomic level, however, the genetic loci underpinning NTSR are different (non-parallel) between seed families. We speculate that variation in the number, regulation and function of stress- and defence-related gene families enable weedy species to rapidly evolve NTSR via exaptation of genes within large multi-functional gene families. These results provide novel insights into the potential for, and nature of plant adaptation in rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Cai
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - David Comont
- Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpenden, HertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Dana MacGregor
- Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpenden, HertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Claudia Lowe
- Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpenden, HertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Roland Beffa
- Bayer Crop SciencesIndustriepark Höchst65926Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Königsteiner Weg 465835LiederbachGermany
| | - Paul Neve
- Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpenden, HertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegård Allé 13Tåstrup2630Denmark
| | - Christopher Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
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20
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Mangan R, Bussière LF, Polanczyk RA, Tinsley MC. Increasing ecological heterogeneity can constrain biopesticide resistance evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00016-2. [PMID: 36906434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biopesticides containing living parasites are valuable emerging crop protection technologies against insect pests, but they are vulnerable to resistance evolution. Fortunately, the fitness of alleles that provide resistance, including to parasites used in biopesticides, frequently depends on parasite identity and environmental conditions. This context-specificity suggests a sustainable approach to biopesticide resistance management through landscape diversification. To mitigate resistance risks, we advocate increasing the range of biopesticides available to farmers, whilst simultaneously encouraging other aspects of landscape-wide crop heterogeneity that can generate variable selection on resistance alleles. This approach requires agricultural stakeholders to prioritize diversity as well as efficiency, both within agricultural landscapes and the biocontrol marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Mangan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Luc F Bussière
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, The University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Antônio Polanczyk
- Júlio de Mesquita Filho State University of São Paulo, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences of Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthew C Tinsley
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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21
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Upcott EV, Henrys PA, Redhead JW, Jarvis SG, Pywell RF. A new approach to characterising and predicting crop rotations using national-scale annual crop maps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160471. [PMID: 36435258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cropping decisions affect the nature, timing and intensity of agricultural management strategies. Specific crop rotations are associated with different environmental impacts, which can be beneficial or detrimental. The ability to map, characterise and accurately predict rotations enables targeting of mitigation measures where most needed and forecasting of potential environmental risks. Using six years of the national UKCEH Land Cover® plus: Crops maps (2015-2020), we extracted crop sequences for every agricultural field parcel in Great Britain (GB). Our aims were to first characterise spatial patterns in rotation properties over a national scale based on their length, type and structural diversity values, second, to test an approach to predicting the next crop in a rotation, using transition probability matrices, and third, to test these predictions at a range of spatial scales. Strict cyclical rotations only occupy 16 % of all agricultural land, whereas long-term grassland and complex-rotational agriculture each occupy over 40 %. Our rotation classifications display a variety of distinctive spatial patterns among rotation lengths, types and diversity values. Rotations are mostly 5 years in length, short mixed crops are the most abundant rotation type, and high structural diversity is concentrated in east Scotland. Predictions were most accurate when using the most local spatial approach (spatial scaling), 5-year rotations, and including long-term grassland. The prediction framework we built demonstrates that our crop predictions have an accuracy of 36-89 %, equivalent to classification accuracy of national crop and land cover mapping using earth observation, and we suggest this could be improved with additional contextual data. Our results emphasise that rotation complexity is multi-faceted, yet it can be mapped in different ways and forms the basis for further exploration in and beyond agronomy, ecology, and other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Upcott
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Peter A Henrys
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - John W Redhead
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Susan G Jarvis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Pywell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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Nanoparticles as a Promising Strategy to Mitigate Biotic Stress in Agriculture. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020338. [PMID: 36830248 PMCID: PMC9951924 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are recognized due to their particular physical and chemical properties, which are conferred due to their size, in the range of nanometers. Nanoparticles are recognized for their application in medicine, electronics, and the textile industry, among others, but also in agriculture. The application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizers and biostimulants can help improve growth and crop productivity, and it has therefore been mentioned as an essential tool to control the adverse effects of abiotic stress. However, nanoparticles have also been noted for their exceptional antimicrobial properties. Therefore, this work reviews the state of the art of different nanoparticles that have shown the capacity to control biotic stress in plants. In this regard, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and others, such as silica nanoparticles, have been described. Moreover, uptake and translocation are covered. Finally, future remarks about the studies on nanoparticles and their beneficial role in biotic stress management are made.
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23
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Shao Z, Liu N, Wang W, Zhu L. β-Glucosidases as dominant dose-dependent regulators of Oryza sativa L. in response to typical organic pollutant exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119709. [PMID: 35841992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic defense and compensation to maintain homeostasis is crucial for assessing the potential health risk of organic pollutants in crops. Currently, limited understanding is available regarding the targeted metabolic pathways and response mechanism under contaminant stress. This study showed that ciprofloxacin (CIP) at the environmental concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50 mg/L) did not significantly inhibit growth or cause severe oxidative damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Instead, the increment in CIP concentration induced a series of sequential metabolic disorders, which were characterized predominantly by primary and secondary metabolic disturbances, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. After CIP in vivo exceeded a certain threshold level (>0.29 mg/g dry weight), β-glucosidases (BGLUs) mediated the transition from the activation of the genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to the inhibition of the genes related to carbohydrate metabolism in rice. In particular, starch and sucrose metabolism showed the most profound perturbation stressed by environmental concentrations of CIP (5 mg/L) and other tested organic pollutants (10 μg/L of tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated biphenyls). Besides, the key genes encoding endoglucanase and BGLU were significantly downregulated (|log2FC| > 3.0) under 100 μg/L of other tested organic pollutants, supporting the transition from the activation of secondary defense metabolism to the disruption of primary energy metabolism. Thus, in addition to bioaccumulation, changes in BGLU activity and starch and sucrose metabolism can reflect the potential adverse effects of pollutants on rice. This study explained the stepwise metabolic and transcriptional responses of rice to organic pollutants, which provided a new reference for the comprehensive evaluation of their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Shao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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24
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Johnen P, Zimmermann S, Betz M, Hendriks J, Zimmermann A, Marnet M, De I, Zimmermann G, Kibat C, Cornaciu I, Mariaule V, Pica A, Clavel D, Márquez JA, Witschel M. Inhibition of acyl-ACP thioesterase as site of action of the commercial herbicides cumyluron, oxaziclomefone, bromobutide, methyldymron and tebutam. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3620-3629. [PMID: 35604014 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mode and site of action of a herbicide is key for its efficient development, the evaluation of its toxicological risk, efficient weed control and resistance management. Recently, the mode of action (MoA) of the herbicide cinmethylin was identified in lipid biosynthesis with acyl-ACP thioesterase (FAT) as the site of action (SoA). Cinmethylin was registered for selective use in cereal crops for the control of grass weeds in 2020. RESULTS Here, we present a high-resolution co-crystal structure of FAT in complex with cumyluron identified by a high throughput crystallization screen. We show binding to and inhibition of FAT by cumyluron. Furthermore, in an array of experiments consisting of FAT binding assays, FAT inhibition assays, physiological and metabolic profiling, we tested compounds that are structurally related to cumyluron and identified the commercial herbicides oxaziclomefone, methyldymron, tebutam and bromobutide, with so far unknown sites of action, as FAT inhibitors. Additionally, we show that the previously described FAT inhibitors cinmethylin and methiozolin bind to FAT in a nanomolar range, inhibit FAT enzymatic activity and lead to similar metabolic changes. CONCLUSION Based on presented data, we corroborate cinmethylin and methiozolin as potent FAT inhibitors and identify FAT as the SoA of the herbicides cumyluron, oxaziclomefone, bromobutide, methyldymron and tebutam. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Comont D, MacGregor DR, Crook L, Hull R, Nguyen L, Freckleton RP, Childs DZ, Neve P. Dissecting weed adaptation: Fitness and trait correlations in herbicide-resistant Alopecurus myosuroides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3039-3050. [PMID: 35437938 PMCID: PMC9324217 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unravelling the genetic architecture of non-target-site resistance (NTSR) traits in weed populations can inform questions about the inheritance, trade-offs and fitness costs associated with these traits. Classical quantitative genetics approaches allow study of the genetic architecture of polygenic traits even where the genetic basis of adaptation remains unknown. These approaches have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of previous studies into the genetics and fitness of NTSR. RESULTS Using a quantitative genetic analysis of 400 pedigreed Alopecurus myosuroides seed families from nine field-collected populations, we found strong heritability for resistance to the acetolactate synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors (h2 = 0.731 and 0.938, respectively), and evidence for shared additive genetic variance for resistance to these two different herbicide modes of action, rg = 0.34 (survival), 0.38 (biomass). We find no evidence for genetic correlations between life-history traits and herbicide resistance, indicating that resistance to these two modes of action is not associated with large fitness costs in blackgrass. We do, however, demonstrate that phenotypic variation in plant flowering characteristics is heritable, h2 = 0.213 (flower height), 0.529 (flower head number), 0.449 (time to flowering) and 0.372 (time to seed shed), demonstrating the potential for adaptation to other nonchemical management practices (e.g. mowing of flowering heads) now being adopted for blackgrass control. CONCLUSION These results highlight that quantitative genetics can provide important insight into the inheritance and genetic architecture of NTSR, and can be used alongside emerging molecular techniques to better understand the evolutionary and fitness landscape of herbicide resistance. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Comont
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
| | - Laura Crook
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Richard Hull
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Lieselot Nguyen
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
| | - Paul Neve
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Crop SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenTaastrupDenmark
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Wyckhuys KAG, Zou Y, Wanger TC, Zhou W, Gc YD, Lu Y. Agro-ecology science relates to economic development but not global pesticide pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114529. [PMID: 35065383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are core features of input-intensive agriculture and act as major pollutants driving environmental change. Agroecological science has unveiled the benefits of biodiversity for pest control, but research implementation at the farm-level is still difficult. Here we address this implementation gap by using a bibliometric approach, quantifying how countries' scientific progress in agro-ecology relates to pesticide application regimes. Among 153 countries, economic development does spur scientific innovation but irregularly bears reductions in pesticide use. Some emerging economies bend the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) - the observed environmental pollution by a country's wealth - for pesticides and few high-income countries exhibit a weak agro-ecology 'technique effect'. Our findings support recent calls for large-scale investments in nature-positive agriculture, underlining how agro-ecology can mend the ecological resilience, carbon footprint, and human health impacts of intensive agriculture. Yet, in order to effectively translate science into practice, scientific progress needs to be paralleled by policy-change, farmer education and broader awareness-raising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Yi Zou
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Thomas C Wanger
- Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubak Dhoj Gc
- United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mohammad VH, Osborne CP, Freckleton RP. Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed Alopecurus myosuroides. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8563. [PMID: 35222951 PMCID: PMC8848470 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds poses a threat to food security. Resistance evolves rapidly through the co-option of a suite of physiological mechanisms that evolved to allow plants to survive environmental stress. Consequently, we hypothesize that stress tolerance and herbicide resistance are functionally linked. We address two questions: (i) does exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring? (ii) Is such evolution mediated through non-genetic mechanisms? We exposed individuals of a grass weed to drought, and tested whether this resulted in herbicide resistance in the first generation. In terms of both survival and dry mass, we find enhanced resistance to herbicide in the offspring of parents that had been exposed to drought. Our results suggest that exposure of weeds to drought can confer herbicide resistance in subsequent generations, and that the mechanism conferring heritability of herbicide resistance is non-genetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian H. Mohammad
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Pereira RC, Machado PB, Angelis-Pereira MCD. Contrapontos e inconsistências do discurso da produtividade do agronegócio e suas externalidades sob a ótica do biopoder. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042022e226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Este ensaio se propõe à análise crítica do agronegócio, buscando construir um modelo teórico compreensivo, tendo como referência o conceito de biopoder de Foucault. Pretende ainda contribuir para as discussões de alternativas sustentáveis e de combate às ações que promovem e flexibilizam o uso de agrotóxicos. Argumenta-se que o agronegócio, apesar de ter tido sua imagem construída por discursos que ressaltam sua eficiência e produtividade, impõe barreiras que impedem a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional. Pelo uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, também não disponibiliza alimentos seguros e de qualidade, ao mesmo tempo que impacta o meio ambiente e compromete a saúde da população, somado aos seus impactos políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais. A análise sob a ótica do biopoder destaca que a atuação das indústrias agrícola, agroquímica e de alimentos, enquanto normatizadoras e geradoras de consumo, desconsideram princípios morais e éticos, infringem direitos humanos e a autonomia dos sujeitos. Paralelamente, propõe-se que, por meio da educação popular e a educação alimentar e nutricional, consegue-se, em longo prazo, construir sujeitos e coletividades autônomos e críticos, capazes de transformar as estruturas de poder vigentes e de agir em prol de políticas públicas que fomentem práticas justas, saudáveis, sustentáveis e éticas.
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Weed Detection in Rice Fields Using Remote Sensing Technique: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviewed the weed problems in agriculture and how remote sensing techniques can detect weeds in rice fields. The comparison of weed detection between traditional practices and automated detection using remote sensing platforms is discussed. The ideal stage for controlling weeds in rice fields was highlighted, and the types of weeds usually found in paddy fields were listed. This paper will discuss weed detection using remote sensing techniques, and algorithms commonly used to differentiate them from crops are deliberated. However, weed detection in rice fields using remote sensing platforms is still in its early stages; weed detection in other crops is also discussed. Results show that machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) remote sensing techniques have successfully produced a high accuracy map for detecting weeds in crops using RS platforms. Therefore, this technology positively impacts weed management in many aspects, especially in terms of the economic perspective. The implementation of this technology into agricultural development could be extended further.
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Daouti E, Jonsson M, Vico G, Menegat A. Seed predation is key to preventing population growth of the weed
Alopecurus myosuroides. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Daouti
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Giulia Vico
- Department of Crop Production Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexander Menegat
- Department of Crop Production Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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de Freitas Souza M, Monteiro AL, Silva DV, Silva TS, de Melo SB, Barros Júnior AP, Fernandes BCC, Mendonça V. Machine learning models as an alternative to determine productivity losses caused by weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5072-5085. [PMID: 34227226 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weed control can be economically viable if implemented at the necessary time to minimize interference. Empirical mathematical models have been used to determine when to start the weed control in many crops. Furthermore, empirical models have a low generalization capacity to understand different scenarios. However, computational development facilitated the implementation of supervised machine learning models, as artificial neural networks (ANNs), capable of understanding complex relationships. The objectives of our work were to evaluate the ability of ANNs to estimate yield losses in onion (model crop) due to weed interference and compare with multiple linear regression (MLR) and empirical models. RESULTS MLR constructed from non-destructive and destructive methods show R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) values varying between 0.75% and 0.82%, 13.0% and 19.0%, respectively, during testing step. The ANNs has higher R2 (higher than 0.95) and lower RMSE (less than 6.95%) compared to MLR and empirical models for training and testing steps. ANNs considering only the coexistence period and system have similar performance to MLR models. However, the insertion of variables related to weed density (non-destructive ANN) or fresh matter (destructive ANN) increases the predictive capacity of the networks to values close to 99% correct. CONCLUSION The best performing ANNs can indicate the beginning of weed control since they can accurately estimate losses due to competition. These results encourage future studies implementing ANNs based on computer vision to extract information about the weed community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Freitas Souza
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Alex Lima Monteiro
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Daniel Valadão Silva
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Severo Silva
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Stefeson Bezerra de Melo
- Department of Exact, Technological and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Angicos, Brazil
| | - Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Vander Mendonça
- Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Plant Science Center, Mossoró, Brazil
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Ruiz-Hernández V, Joubert L, Rodríguez-Gómez A, Artuso S, Pattrick JG, Gómez PA, Eckerstorfer S, Brandauer SS, Trcka-Rojas CGI, Martínez-Reina L, Booth J, Lau-Zhu A, Weiss J, Bielza P, Glover BJ, Junker RR, Egea-Cortines M. Humans Share More Preferences for Floral Phenotypes With Pollinators Than With Pests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647347. [PMID: 34497617 PMCID: PMC8419516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the selection of floral traits usually consider pollinators and sometimes herbivores. However, humans also exert selection on floral traits of ornamental plants. We compared the preferences of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), and humans for flowers of snapdragon. From a cross of two species, Antirrhinum majus and Antirrhinum linkianum, we selected four Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs). We characterised scent emission from whole flowers and stamens, pollen content and viability, trichome density, floral shape, size and colour of floral parts. We tested the preferences of bumblebees, thrips, and humans for whole flowers, floral scent bouquets, stamen scent, and individual scent compounds. Humans and bumblebees showed preferences for parental species, whereas thrips preferred RILs. Colour and floral scent, in combination with other floral traits, seem relevant phenotypes for all organisms. Remarkably, visual traits override scent cues for bumblebees, although, scent is an important trait when bumblebees cannot see the flowers, and methyl benzoate was identified as a key attractant for them. The evolutionary trajectory of flowers is the result of multiple floral traits interacting with different organisms with different habits and modes of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ruiz-Hernández
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Campus Muralla del Mar, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lize Joubert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Amador Rodríguez-Gómez
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Campus Muralla del Mar, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Silvia Artuso
- Department of Biosciences, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jonathan G. Pattrick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Perla A. Gómez
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Campus Muralla del Mar, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis Martínez-Reina
- Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de la Edificación, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josh Booth
- Department of Sociology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Lau-Zhu
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Weiss
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Campus Muralla del Mar, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pablo Bielza
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Campus Muralla del Mar, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Beverley J. Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert R. Junker
- Department of Biosciences, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+I, Campus Muralla del Mar, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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Hicks H, Lambert J, Pywell R, Hulmes L, Hulmes S, Walker K, Childs DZ, Freckleton RP. Characterizing the environmental drivers of the abundance and distribution of Alopecurus myosuroides on a national scale. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2726-2736. [PMID: 33496990 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arable weeds threaten farming and food production, impacting on productivity. Large-scale data on weed populations are typically lacking, and changes are frequently undocumented until they reach problem levels. Managing the future spread of weeds requires that we understand the factors that influence current densities and distributions. In doing so, one of the challenges is to measure populations at a large enough scale to be able to accurately measure changes in densities and distributions. Here we analyse the density and distribution of a major weed (Alopecurus myosuroides) on a large scale. Our objectives were to (i) develop a methodology for rapid measurement of occurrence and abundance, (ii) test hypotheses about the roles of soils and climate variation in determining densities, and (iii) use this information to identify areas in which occurrence could increase in the future. RESULTS Populations were mapped through England over 4 years in 4631 locations. We also analysed UK atlas data published over the past 50 years. Densities of populations show significant interannual variability, but historical data show that the species has spread. We find significant impacts of soil and rainfall on densities, which increase with the proportion of heavy soils, but decrease with increasing rainfall. Compared with independent atlas data we found that our statistical models provide good predictions of large-scale occupancy and we provide maps of current and potential densities. CONCLUSION Models of spread highlight the localised nature of colonisation, and this emphasises the need for management to limit dispersal. Comparisons of current, historical and potential distributions suggest sizeable habitable areas in which increases in abundance are still possible. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hicks
- School of Animal Rural & Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Lambert
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Richard Pywell
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Lucy Hulmes
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Sarah Hulmes
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Kevin Walker
- Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Harrogate, UK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
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Silva G, Tomlinson J, Onkokesung N, Sommer S, Mrisho L, Legg J, Adams IP, Gutierrez-Vazquez Y, Howard TP, Laverick A, Hossain O, Wei Q, Gold KM, Boonham N. Plant pest surveillance: from satellites to molecules. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:275-287. [PMID: 33720345 PMCID: PMC8166340 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant pests and diseases impact both food security and natural ecosystems, and the impact has been accelerated in recent years due to several confounding factors. The globalisation of trade has moved pests out of natural ranges, creating damaging epidemics in new regions. Climate change has extended the range of pests and the pathogens they vector. Resistance to agrochemicals has made pathogens, pests, and weeds more difficult to control. Early detection is critical to achieve effective control, both from a biosecurity as well as an endemic pest perspective. Molecular diagnostics has revolutionised our ability to identify pests and diseases over the past two decades, but more recent technological innovations are enabling us to achieve better pest surveillance. In this review, we will explore the different technologies that are enabling this advancing capability and discuss the drivers that will shape its future deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Silva
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Jenny Tomlinson
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, U.K
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Sarah Sommer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Latifa Mrisho
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar el Salaam, Tanzania
| | - James Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar el Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ian P Adams
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, U.K
| | | | - Thomas P Howard
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Alex Laverick
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Oindrila Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | - Kaitlin M Gold
- Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, 15 Castle Creek Drive, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Neil Boonham
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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Kaundun SS. Syngenta's contribution to herbicide resistance research and management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1564-1571. [PMID: 32893405 PMCID: PMC7984027 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of weed resistance to herbicides is an ever-increasing problem that affects crop yield and food production. In Syngenta, we believe that this difficult and complex issue can be most efficiently addressed through a deep understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and mechanism of resistance. A profound knowledge of resistance is key to developing the next generation of resistance-breaking compounds with existing or novel herbicide sites of action. We use a multidisciplinary laboratory-based, glasshouse and field biology approach to study herbicide resistance and provide strong science-based solutions to delay the onset and manage resistance. We have developed and implemented simple early-season resistance detection methods to allow farmers make an informed decision for effective weed control. We have built mechanistic, individual-based computer models to design profitable, long-term sustainable weed management programs. Our zero tolerance approaches employ herbicides with different sites of action, applied in mixtures and sequences, to minimise the risk of resistance evolution. Weeds are targeted at the right growth stage with optimal herbicide formulation and spray technology for maximising weed control and depleting the seed bank. We are promoting the use of competitive crop varieties and other nonchemical methods for an integrated weed management strategy. We have a global web of external collaborations for studying and managing herbicide resistance. We are committed to farmers' education and training on herbicide resistance, and regularly share our methods and findings via conferences and peer-reviewed scientific publications for the benefit of the wider weed science community and field practitioners. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankhar Kaundun
- Herbicide Bioscience, SyngentaJealott's Hill International Research CentreBerkshireUK
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Rai M, Zimowska B, Shinde S, Tres MV. Bioherbicidal potential of different species of Phoma: opportunities and challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3009-3018. [PMID: 33770245 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Modern agriculture has been facing new challenges and fostering innovations to establish sustainable plant production. An integral part of these strategies is implementing new eco-friendly technologies in plant protection for better human health and a safer environment by minimizing the use of hazardous chemicals and also encouraging innovations such as the use of bio-based strategies for weed control. This specific strategy addresses the need to reduce the use and risk of pesticides, replacing conventional chemical herbicides with new bio-based solutions. In response to these issues, biocontrol strategies are gaining increased attention from stakeholders such as farmers, seed companies, agronomists, breeders, and consumers. Among these, bioherbicides have huge potential for the management of harmful weeds without affecting the natural quality of the environment and human health. In this context, this review is devoted to present an overview of the mycoherbicidal potential of Phoma sensu lato group of fungi, examining the advances in this field, including technological and scientific challenges and outcomes achieved in recent years. The mycoherbicides are eco-friendly and economically viable. KEY POINTS: • Some Phoma species have demonstrated herbicide activity. • These species secrete secondary metabolites responsible for the control of weeds. • They can be used as non-chemical, cost-effective, and eco-friendly bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, 444 602, India.
| | - Beata Zimowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 K. St. Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Surbhi Shinde
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Virology and Microbiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering, LAPE, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040, Sete de Setembro av., Cachoeira do Sul, RS, 96508-010, Brazil
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Franco-Ortega S, Goldberg-Cavalleri A, Walker A, Brazier-Hicks M, Onkokesung N, Edwards R. Non-target Site Herbicide Resistance Is Conferred by Two Distinct Mechanisms in Black-Grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636652. [PMID: 33747015 PMCID: PMC7966817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-target site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) results in enhanced tolerance to multiple chemistries and is widespread in Northern Europe. To help define the underpinning mechanisms of resistance, global transcriptome and biochemical analysis have been used to phenotype three NTSR black-grass populations. These comprised NTSR1 black-grass from the classic Peldon field population, which shows broad-ranging resistance to post-emergence herbicides; NTSR2 derived from herbicide-sensitive (HS) plants repeatedly selected for tolerance to pendimethalin; and NTSR3 selected from HS plants for resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. NTSR in weeds is commonly associated with enhanced herbicide metabolism catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs) and cytochromes P450 (CYPs). As such, the NTSR populations were assessed for their ability to detoxify chlorotoluron, which is detoxified by CYPs and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, which is acted on by GSTs. As compared with HS plants, enhanced metabolism toward both herbicides was determined in the NTSR1 and NTSR2 populations. In contrast, the NTSR3 plants showed no increased detoxification capacity, demonstrating that resistance in this population was not due to enhanced metabolism. All resistant populations showed increased levels of AmGSTF1, a protein functionally linked to NTSR and enhanced herbicide metabolism. Enhanced AmGSTF1 was associated with increased levels of the associated transcripts in the NTSR1 and NTSR2 plants, but not in NTSR3, suggestive of both pre- and post-transcriptional regulation. The related HS, NTSR2, and NTSR3 plants were subject to global transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify modules of genes with coupled regulatory functions. In the NTSR2 plants, modules linked to detoxification were identified, with many similarities to the transcriptome of NTSR1 black-grass. Critical detoxification genes included members of the CYP81A family and tau and phi class GSTs. The NTSR2 transcriptome also showed network similarities to other (a)biotic stresses of plants and multidrug resistance in humans. In contrast, completely different gene networks were activated in the NTSR3 plants, showing similarity to the responses to cold, osmotic shock and fungal infection determined in cereals. Our results demonstrate that NTSR in black-grass can arise from at least two distinct mechanisms, each involving complex changes in gene regulatory networks.
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Davies LR, Onkokesung N, Brazier-Hicks M, Edwards R, Moss S. Detection and characterization of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in Anisantha and Bromus species in the United Kingdom. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2473-2482. [PMID: 32061023 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisantha and Bromus spp. are widespread and difficult to control, potentially due to the evolution of herbicide resistance. In this study, UK populations of four brome species have been tested for the early development of resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides commonly used in their control. RESULTS Glasshouse assays confirmed reduced sensitivity to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in single populations of A. diandra, B. commutatus and B. secalinus, and in three populations of A. sterilis. By contrast, all 60 brome populations tested were sensitive to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide propaquizafop and glyphosate. Dose-response with two ALS herbicides showed broad-ranging resistance in the A. diandra, A. sterilis and B. commutatus populations. In the B. commutatus population, this was associated with a point mutation in the ALS enzyme conferring target site resistance (TSR). Additionally, resistant populations of A. sterilis and B. commutatus populations contained enhanced amounts of an orthologue of the glutathione transferase phi (F) class 1 (GSTF1) protein, a functional biomarker of nontarget site resistance (NTSR) in Alopecurus myosuroides. There was further evidence of NTSR as these plants also demonstrated an enhanced capacity to detoxify herbicides. CONCLUSION This study confirms the evolution of resistance to ALS inhibiting herbicides in brome species in the UK by mechanisms consistent with the evolution of both TSR and NTSR. These findings point to the need for increased vigilance in detecting and mitigating against the evolution of herbicide resistance in brome species in Northern Europe. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Davies
- Crop Protection department, Weed biology, ADAS Boxworth, Boxworth, UK
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Melissa Brazier-Hicks
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Moss
- Independent consultant, Stephen Moss Consulting, Harpenden, UK
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Mellado-Sánchez M, McDiarmid F, Cardoso V, Kanyuka K, MacGregor DR. Virus-Mediated Transient Expression Techniques Enable Gene Function Studies in Black-Grass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:455-459. [PMID: 32238443 PMCID: PMC7271810 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus-mediated transient expression techniques create loss- and gain-of-function mutations in black-grass with genotype specificity and measurable changes in herbicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Mellado-Sánchez
- Rothamsted Research, Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Faye McDiarmid
- Rothamsted Research, Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Cardoso
- Rothamsted Research, Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Rothamsted Research, Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Rothamsted Research, Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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