1
|
Tan S, Li Q, Guo C, Chen S, Kamal-Eldin A, Chen G. Reveal the mechanism of hepatic oxidative stress in mice induced by photo-oxidation milk using multi-omics analysis techniques. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00271-6. [PMID: 38986809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photo-oxidation is recognized as a contributor to the deterioration of milk quality, posing potential safety hazards to human health. However, there has been limited investigation into the impact of consuming photo-oxidized milk on health. OBJECTIVES This study employs multi-omics analysis techniques to elucidate the mechanisms by which photo-oxidized milk induces oxidative stress in the liver. METHODS Mouse model was used to determine the effect of the gavage administration of milk with varying degrees of photo-oxidation on the mouse liver. The damage degree was established by measuring serum markers indicative of oxidative stress, and with a subsequent histopathological examination of liver tissues. In addition, comprehensive metabolome, lipidome, and transcriptome analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatic damage caused by photo-oxidized milk. RESULTS A significant elevation in the oxidative stress levels and the presence of hepatocellular swelling and inflammation subsequent to the gavage administration of photo-oxidized milk to mice. Significant alterations in the levels of metabolites such as lumichrome, all-trans-retinal, L-valine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine within the hepatic tissue of mice. Moreover, photo-oxidized milk exerted a pronounced detrimental impact on the glycerophospholipid metabolism of mice liver. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway enrichment appreciated in the animals that consumed photo-oxidized milk further supports the substantial negative influence of photo-oxidized milk on hepatic lipid metabolism. Gene set enrichment and interaction analyses revealed that photo-oxidized milk inhibited the cytochrome P450 pathway in mice, while also affecting other pathways associated with cellular stress response and lipid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study provides significant evidence regarding the potential health risks associated with photo-oxidized milk, particularly in terms of hepatic oxidative damage. It establishes a scientific foundation for assessing the safety of such milk and ensuring the quality of dairy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Tan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sumeng Chen
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- College of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food, Nutrition and Health (CFA), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 10008115551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang DG, Kunz WS, Lei XJ, Zito E, Zhao T, Xu YC, Wei XL, Lv WH, Luo Z. Selenium Ameliorated Oxidized Fish Oil-Induced Lipotoxicity via the Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Remodeling of Usp4-Mediated Deubiquitination, and Stabilization of Pparα. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:433-452. [PMID: 37265154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Studies demonstrated that oxidized fish oil (OFO) promoted oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity, which attenuated beneficial effects of fish oil supplements in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The current study was performed on yellow catfish, a good model to study NAFLD, and its hepatocytes to explore whether selenium (Se) could alleviate OFO-induced lipotoxicity via the inhibition of oxidative stress and determine its potential mechanism. Results: The analysis of triglycerides content, oxidative stress parameters, and histological and transmission electronic microscopy observation showed that high dietary Se supplementation alleviated OFO-induced lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial injury and dysfunction. RNA-sequencing and immunoblotting analysis indicated that high dietary Se reduced OFO-induced decline of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparα) and ubiquitin-specific protease 4 (Usp4) protein expression. High Se supplementation also alleviated OFO-induced reduction of thioredoxin reductase 2 (txnrd2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level and activity. The txnrd2 knockdown experiments revealed that txnrd2 mediated Se- and oxidized eicosapentaenoic acid (oxEPA)-induced changes of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and further altered Usp4 mediated-deubiquitination and stabilization of Pparα, which, in turn, modulated mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and metabolism. Mechanistically, Usp4 deubiquitinated Pparα and ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated Pparα degradation contributed to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Innovation: These findings uncovered a previously unknown mechanism by which Se and OFO interacted to affect lipid metabolism via the Txnrd2-mtROS-Usp4-Pparα pathway, which provides the new target for NAFLD prevention and treatment. Conclusion: Se ameliorated OFO-induced lipotoxicity via the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress, remodeling of Usp4-mediated deubiquitination, and stabilization of Pparα. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 433-452.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Guang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xi-Jun Lei
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Tao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu-Hong Lv
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kakakhel MA, Narwal N, Kataria N, Johari SA, Zaheer Ud Din S, Jiang Z, Khoo KS, Xiaotao S. Deciphering the dysbiosis caused in the fish microbiota by emerging contaminants and its mitigation strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117002. [PMID: 37648194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary barrier to nutrient absorption in fish is the intestinal epithelium, followed by a community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which can be thought of as a hidden organ. The gastrointestinal microbiota of fish plays a key role in the upholding of overall health by maintaining the homeostasis and disease resistance of the host. However, emerging contaminants as the result of anthropogenic activities have significantly led to disruptions and intestinal dysbiosis in fish. Which probably results in fish mortalities and disrupts the balance of an ecosystem. Therefore, we comprehensively seek to compile the effects and consequences of emerging contaminations on fish intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the mitigation strategies including prebiotics, probiotics, plant-based diet, and Biofloc technology are being outlined. Biofloc technology (BFT) can treat toxic materials, i.e., nitrogen components, and convert them into a useful product such as proteins and demonstrated promising elevating technique for the fish intestinal bacterial composition. However, it remains unclear whether the bacterial isolate is primarily responsible for the BFT's removal of nitrate and ammonia and the corresponding removal mechanism. To answer this, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques probably provides a possible solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shi Xiaotao
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abril AG, Carrera M, Pazos M. Immunomodulatory effect of marine lipids on food allergy. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1254681. [PMID: 38035353 PMCID: PMC10683508 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1254681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seafood is highly enriched in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), in contrast to the ultra-processed foods included in the modern Western diet that have high levels of n-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6), precursor for the pro-inflammatory n-6 arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 n-6). The capacity of marine lipids to reduce plasmatic triglycerides and blood pressure have been well-described. Moreover, recent studies have also raised evidence of a potential regulatory action of marine lipids on inflammation, the immune system, and food allergy (FA). FA is considered one of the main concerns to become life threatening in food safety. The prevalence of this emerging global problem has been increasing during the last two decades, especially in industrialized countries. About a 6-8% of young children and 2-4% of adults is estimated to be affected by FA. The main objective of the current study is to update the existing knowledge, but also the limitations, on the potential impact of marine lipids and their lipid mediators in regulating immunity, inflammation, and ultimately, food allergies. In particular, the focus is on the effect of marine lipids in modulating the key factors that control the sensitization and effector phases of FA, including gut microbiota (GM), inflammation, and immune system response. Results in animal models highlight the positive effect that consuming marine lipids, whether as a supplement or through seafood consumption, may have a relevant role in improving gut dysbiosis and inflammation, and preventing or reducing the severity of FA. However, more systematic studies in humans are needed to optimize such beneficial actions to each particular FA, age, and medical condition to reach an effective clinical application of marine lipids to improve FAs and their outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IM-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IM-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Pazos
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IM-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao F, Guan X, Zhang W, Han T, Liu X, Shi B. Oxidized Soybean Oil Evoked Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Disturbance in Rats and their Offspring. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13483-13494. [PMID: 37667911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of fats and oils is an undisputed subject of science, given the effect of oxidized fats and oils on food quality and safety. This study aimed to determine whether maternal exposure to oxidized soybean oil (OSO) causes lipid metabolism disorders in the liver and whether this lipid metabolism disorder can be transmitted to offspring or even worsened. A total of 60 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into four groups in this study. Treatment groups received a pure diet of OSO with a peroxide value of 200, 400, or 800 mEqO2/kg, while the control group received fresh soybean oil (FSO). As for our results, OSO affected serum biochemical parameters in the maternal generation (F0) and induced liver histopathology changes, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, the expression of genes related to the liver X receptor α (LXRα)─sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) signaling pathway was changed. Similar trends were found in the livers of offspring on postnatal days 21 and 56. In conclusion, exposure to OSO during gestation and lactation can affect liver lipid synthesis. Additionally, it is detrimental to the development of the offspring's liver, affecting fatty acid metabolism and causing liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Baoming Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zou J, Yang R, Feng R, Liu J, Wan JB. Ginsenoside Rk2, a dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin, alleviates alcoholic liver disease via regulating NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome signaling pathways in mice. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:999-1012. [PMID: 37842661 PMCID: PMC10568107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption results in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with inadequate therapeutic options. Here, we first report the potential beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rk2 (Rk2), a rare dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin isolated from streamed ginseng, against alcoholic liver injury in mice. Chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding caused severe liver injury, as manifested by significantly elevated serum aminotransferase levels, hepatic histological changes, increased lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the liver. These deleterious effects were alleviated by the treatment with Rk2 (5 and 30 mg/kg). Acting as an nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor, Rk2 ameliorates alcohol-induced liver inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the liver. Meanwhile, the treatment with Rk2 alleviated the alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via enhancing NLRP6 inflammasome in the intestine. Our findings indicate that Rk2 is a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of ALD and other NLPR3-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Rujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shu X, Wang J, Zhao L, Wang J, Wang P, Zhang F, Wang R. Bifidobacterium lactis TY-S01 protects against alcoholic liver injury in mice by regulating intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17878. [PMID: 37539263 PMCID: PMC10395298 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver injury poses a significant threat to human health. Probiotics have been proven to prevent and treat alcohol-induced liver injury. In this study, the preventive effect of Bifidobacterium lactis TY-S01 on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice was investigated. TY-S01 pretreatment effectively protected mice against alcohol-induced liver injury by preserving the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum and maintaining the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in liver tissue. Additionally, TY-S01 could maintain the endotoxin levels in serum, maintain the mRNA expression levels of zonula occluden-1, occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-3 in the gut, and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice with alcoholic liver injury. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that there was a clear correlation among serum indicators, inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota. In conclusion, TY-S01 attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury by protecting the integrity of the intestinal barrier and maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Industry and Informatization of Probiotic Fermentation Technology in Dairy Products, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Industry and Informatization of Probiotic Fermentation Technology in Dairy Products, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Industry and Informatization of Probiotic Fermentation Technology in Dairy Products, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shu X, Wang J, Zhao L, Wang J, Wang P, Zhang F, Wang R. Bifidobacterium lactis TY-S01 protects against alcoholic liver injury in mice by regulating intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17878. [PMID: 37539263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17878if:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver injury poses a significant threat to human health. Probiotics have been proven to prevent and treat alcohol-induced liver injury. In this study, the preventive effect of Bifidobacterium lactis TY-S01 on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice was investigated. TY-S01 pretreatment effectively protected mice against alcohol-induced liver injury by preserving the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum and maintaining the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in liver tissue. Additionally, TY-S01 could maintain the endotoxin levels in serum, maintain the mRNA expression levels of zonula occluden-1, occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-3 in the gut, and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice with alcoholic liver injury. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that there was a clear correlation among serum indicators, inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota. In conclusion, TY-S01 attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury by protecting the integrity of the intestinal barrier and maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Industry and Informatization of Probiotic Fermentation Technology in Dairy Products, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Industry and Informatization of Probiotic Fermentation Technology in Dairy Products, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Industry and Informatization of Probiotic Fermentation Technology in Dairy Products, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Q, Liu M, Chao X, Zhang C, Yang H, Chen J, Zhou B. Stevioside Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Barrier Function while Attenuating Inflammation and Apoptosis by Regulating the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways in Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress of IPEC-J2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051070. [PMID: 37237936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural sweetener, stevioside is extracted from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and possesses potent antioxidant activity. However, little information is known about its protective role in maintaining the intestinal epithelial cells health under oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of stevioside on alleviating inflammation, apoptosis, and improving antioxidant capacity in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) under oxidative stress by diquat. The results demonstrated that the pretreatment with stevioside (250 μM) for 6 h increased cell viability and proliferation and prevented apoptosis induced by diquat at 1000 μM for 6 h in IPEC-J2 cells, compared with the diquat alone-treated cells. Importantly, stevioside pretreatment significantly reduced ROS and MDA production as well as upregulated T-SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity. Moreover, it also decreased cell permeability and improved intestinal barrier functions by significantly upregulating the tight junction protein abundances of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1. At the same time, stevioside significantly down-regulated the secretion and gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and decreased the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB, IκB, and ERK1/2 compared with the diquat alone group. Taken together, this study demonstrated that stevioside alleviated diquat-stimulated cytotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, protecting cellular barrier integrity and mitigating oxidative stress by interfering with the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingzheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohuan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo R, Chen L, Zhu J, Li J, Ding Q, Chang K, Han Q, Li S. Monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched olive oil exacerbates chronic alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1573-1583. [PMID: 36655918 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary oil composition determines the pathological processes of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). Oil rich in saturated fatty acids protects, whereas oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids aggravates the alcohol-induced liver injury. However, limited studies have been conducted to address how monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) enriched oil controls the pathological development of AFLD. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of MUFA-enriched extra virgin olive oil (OO) on AFLD. Twenty C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into four groups and fed modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing isocaloric maltose dextrin a non-alcohol or alcohol with corn oil and OO for four weeks. Dietary OO significantly exacerbated alcohol-induced liver dysfunction, evidenced by histological examinations and disturbed biochemical parameters. Dietary OO with alcohol decreased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), phosphorylated 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-Iα (CPT1α) expression, and increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) expression in the liver. It also promoted the expression of hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatic tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at the transcriptional level. Additionally, adipose tissue lipolysis partially had an etiologic effect on alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis under OO pretreatment. In conclusion, MUFA-enriched OO exacerbated liver dysfunction in vivo. OO should be cautiously considered as a unique dietary oil source for individuals with AFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China. .,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Jiaomei Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China. .,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qingchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Kaixin Chang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qiang Han
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China. .,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China. .,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang R, Lu Y, Jin M, Liu Y, Zhang M, Xian S, Chang Z, Wang L, Zhang W, Lu J, Tong X, Wang S, Zhu Y, Huang J, Jiang L, Gu M, Huang Z, Wu M, Ji S. A bibliometric analysis of the role of microbiota in trauma. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1091060. [PMID: 36819034 PMCID: PMC9932281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last several decades, the gut microbiota has been implicated in the formation and stabilization of health, as well as the development of disease. With basic and clinical experiments, scholars are gradually understanding the important role of gut microbiota in trauma, which may offer novel ideas of treatment for trauma patients. In this study, we purposed to summarize the current state and access future trends in gut microbiota and trauma research. Methods We retrieved relevant documents and their published information from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometrix package was responsible for the visualized analysis. Results Totally, 625 documents were collected and the number of annual publications kept increasing, especially from 2016. China published the most documents while the USA had the highest local citations. The University of Colorado and Food & Function are respectively the top productive institution and journal, as PLOS One is the most local cited journal. With the maximum number of articles and local citations, Deitch EA is supported to be the most contributive author. Combining visualized analysis of keywords and documents and literature reading, we recognized two key topics: bacteria translocation in trauma and gut microbiota's effect on inflammation in injury, especially in nervous system injury. Discussion The impact of gut microbiota on molecular and pathological mechanism of inflammation is the focus now. In addition, the experiments of novel therapies based on gut microbiota's impact on trauma are being carried out. We hope that this study can offer a birds-eye view of this field and promote the gradual improvement of it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xirui Tong
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luofeng Jiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minyi Gu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang ✉
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Minjuan Wu ✉
| | - Shizhao Ji
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Shizhao Ji ✉
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Q, Zhang L, Chen C, Li P, Lu B. The gut microbiota-artery axis: A bridge between dietary lipids and atherosclerosis? Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101209. [PMID: 36473673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is one of the major leading global causes of death. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites play a pivotal role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis (AS), now known as GM-artery axis. There are interactions between dietary lipids and GM, which ultimately affect GM and its metabolites. Given these two aspects, the GM-artery axis may play a mediating role between dietary lipids and AS. Diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), industrial trans fatty acids (TFAs), and cholesterol can increase the levels of atherogenic microbes and metabolites, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), ruminant TFAs, and phytosterols (PS) can increase the levels of antiatherogenic microbes and metabolites. Actually, dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been demonstrated to affect AS via the GM-artery axis. Therefore, that GM-artery axis acts as a communication bridge between dietary lipids and AS. Herein, we will describe the molecular mechanism of GM-artery axis in AS and discuss the complex interactions between dietary lipids and GM. In particular, we will highlight the evidence and potential mechanisms of dietary lipids affecting AS via GM-artery axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wubhan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wubhan, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Q, Li W, Huang S, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. R- Is Superior to S-Form of α-Lipoic Acid in Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Laying Hens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081530. [PMID: 36009249 PMCID: PMC9405457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of single enantiomers with high efficiency and low toxic activity has become a hot spot for the development and application of drugs and active additives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the application of α-lipoic acid with a different optical rotation to alleviate the inflammation response and oxidative stress induced by oxidized fish oil in laying hens. Sixty-four 124-week-old Peking Red laying hens were randomly allocated to four groups with eight replicates of two birds each. The normal group was fed basal diets supplemented with 1% fresh fish oil (FO), and the oxidative stress model group was constructed with diets supplemented with 1% oxidized fish oil (OFO). The two treatment groups were the S-form of the α-lipoic acid model with 1% oxidized fish oil (OFO + S-LA) and the R-form of the α-lipoic acid model with 1% oxidized fish oil (OFO + R-LA) added at 100 mg/kg, respectively. Herein, these results were evaluated by the breeding performance, immunoglobulin, immune response, estrogen secretion, antioxidant factors of the serum and oviduct, and pathological observation of the uterus part of the oviduct. From the results, diets supplemented with oxidized fish oil can be relatively successful in constructing a model of inflammation and oxidative stress. The OFO group significantly increased the levels of the serum inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and the oxidative factor MDA and decreased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme (T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and CAT) in the oviduct. The addition of both S-LA and R-LA significantly reduced the levels of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ), increased the activity of antioxidant indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and CAT), and decreased the MDA contents in the serum and oviduct. Meanwhile, the supplementation of S-LA and R-LA also mitigated the negative effects of the OFO on the immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM) and serum hormone levels (P and E2). In addition, it was worth noting that the R-LA was significantly more effective than the S-LA in some inflammatory (IL-1β) and antioxidant indices (T-SOD, GSH, and CAT). Above all, both S-LA and R-LA can alleviate the inflammation and oxidative damage caused by oxidative stress in aged laying hens, and R-LA is more effective than S-LA. Thus, these findings will provide basic data for the potential development of α-lipoic acid as a chiral dietary additive for laying hens.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Liu J, Liu H, Liu L, Gao X, Tong Y, Song S, Yan C. Oxidized PUFAs Increase Susceptibility of Mice to Salmonella Infection by Diminishing Host's Innate Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6407-6417. [PMID: 35588298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary ω-3 PUFAs are highly prone to oxidation, and this may potentially limit their application in the health-promoting field. Here, we sought to investigate whether and how oxidized PUFAs modulate the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella typhimurium (S. Tm) infection. Algae oil (AO) and oxidized algae oil (ox-AO) were administered to the C57BL/6 mice prior to S. Tm infection. Compared to the S. Tm group, ox-AO increased bacterial burden in systemic and intestinal tissues, downregulated host anti-infection responses, and developed worse colitis. In macrophages, ox-AO decreased both phagocytosis of S. Tm and clearance of intracellular bacteria and dampened the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and autophagy pathways. Furthermore, ox-AO diminished LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and S. Tm induced NLRC4 inflammasome activation. This study reveals that oxidized PUFAs may contribute to the development of enteric infections and regular monitoring of the oxidation status in commercial PUFA supplements to prevent their potential adverse impact on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xingchen Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuqin Tong
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou Pinchuang Technology Company Limited, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Fu H, Zhou T, Cai M, Huang Y, Gan Q, Zhang C, Qian C, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Xiang X, Xie Q. Alteration of Bile Acids and Omega-6 PUFAs Are Correlated With the Progression and Prognosis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:772368. [PMID: 35493499 PMCID: PMC9041619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.772368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of liver failure with some of the patients progressed to chronic DILI. The mechanisms underlying the severity and chronicity of DILI are poorly elucidated and the biomarkers are limited. Metabolites and gut microbiota played a crucial role in the development of various liver diseases. Herein, a systematic analysis of serum metabolites and gut microbiota was performed in DILI patients, aiming to identify metabolites correlated with the progression and clinical prognosis of DILI. Methods Various serum metabolites were quantitated using a metabolite array technology in this prospective study. Gut microbiome compositions and the expression profiles of liver genes were determined in patients with DILI and healthy controls. Results Metabolomic analysis revealed that bile acids (BAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were closely related to DILI severity and chronicity respectively. The ratios of serum primary/secondary BAs and omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs were elevated in DILI patients. A model established by adrenic acid (AdA) and aspartic acid (Asp) exerts good performance for predicting the chronicity of DLIL. Hepatic transcriptome revealed enhanced expression of PUFA peroxidation and supressed expression of BA synthesis related genes in DILI patients. In addition, Lactic acid bacteria and BA converting bacteria were increased in gut of DILI patients. Besides, elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) was observed in DILI patients. Conclusion BAs and PUFAs could be potent markers for the severity and chronicity of DILI respectively. The panel of AdA and Asp could be ideal predictive model for the risk of chronicity at the acute stage of DILI. Gut microbiota might act as a negative feedback mechanism to maintain the homeostasis of BAs and PUFAs via FGF19 signalling and PUFA saturation, respectively. Our study revealed novel biomarkers for severe and chronic DILI and provided new therapeutic targets for DILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoshuang Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyi Gan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiexiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nie W, Xu F, Zhou K, Yang X, Zhou H, Xu B. Stearic acid prevent alcohol-induced liver damage by regulating the gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Ma H, Liang S, Wu H, Du C, Ren Z, Yang X, Yang X. Effects of in ovo feeding and dietary addition oils on growth performance and immune function of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101815. [PMID: 35339935 PMCID: PMC8960950 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) and dietary addition (DA) oils on growth, development and immune function of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, a total of 500 eggs were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: non-injected group (CON) with 100 eggs; soybean oil injected group (SO) with 200 eggs and linseed oil injected group (LO) with 200 eggs. Results showed that there were no detrimental effects of IOF of oils on embryonic development. In experiment 2, a two factor experimental design was adopted. After hatching, 120 chicks which came from each oil-injected group were divided into 2 treatments with 6 replicates, and chickens were fed soybean oil diet and linseed oil diet, respectively. The results showed that DA linseed oil increased final body weight (FBW) of broilers at d 21 post hatch, IOF of linseed oil decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from d 1 to 21 (P < 0.05), while the plasma leptin level of 21-day-old broilers was increased by IOF or DA linseed oil (P < 0.05). Main effect analysis showed that DA linseed oil increased the spleen index and mRNA expression of IFN-γ in spleen of broilers at 7 d of age (P < 0.05). IOF of linseed oil upregulated the mRNA expression of IFN-γ in the spleen of chicks at 1 d and mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in spleen of broilers at 21 d (P < 0.05), and the interaction effect showed that IOF and DA linseed oil synergically increased the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in spleen of broilers at 21 d. Compared with SO group, LO increased the Shannon index of hatching-day cecum microflora (P < 0.05). Principal co-ordinates analysis (PcoA) showed that LO group clearly separated from CON and SO groups. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis also manifested that Alkalicoccus was significantly correlated with spleen index and mRNA expression of IL-2, and Phreatobacter was significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in spleen, Acinetobacter had a positive correlation with thymus index (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IOF of linseed oil reduced the ADFI and FCR of broilers and increased the species diversity and changed the structure of cecal microflora of chicken embryos at the 19th day of incubation (E19). Immune function of broilers spleen was also regulated by IOF and DA linseed oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Hanyue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou J, Yan C, Wan JB. Red yeast rice ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through inhibiting lipid synthesis and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated hepatic inflammation in mice. Chin Med 2022; 17:17. [PMID: 35078487 PMCID: PMC8788078 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red yeast rice (RYR), a nutraceutical with a profound cholesterol-lowering effect, was found to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Despite monacolin K in RYR being a specific inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMCGR), the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of RYR against NAFLD are not fully elucidated. METHODS Using a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and a cellular model of HepG2 cells challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA), the possible molecular mechanisms were exploited in the aspects of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome and mTORC1-SREBPs signaling pathways by examining the relevant gene/protein expressions. Subsequently, the correlation between these two signals was also verified using cellular experiments. RESULTS RYR ameliorated lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammation in vivo and in vitro. RYR improved lipid metabolism through modulating mTORC1-SREBPs and their target genes related to triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, RYR suppressed hepatic inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Interestingly, the treatment with RYR or MCC950, a specific NLRP3 inhibitor, resulted in the reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells challenged by LPS plus PA, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of RYR on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated hepatic inflammation may partially, in turn, contribute to the lipid-lowering effect of RYR. CONCLUSIONS The modulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome and lipid synthesis may contribute to the ameliorative effects of RYR against HFD-induced NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Mahmood T, Tang Z, Wu Y, Yuan J. Effects of naturally oxidized corn oil on inflammatory reaction and intestinal health of broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101541. [PMID: 34788712 PMCID: PMC8605181 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of naturally oxidized corn oil on the inflammatory reaction and intestinal health of broilers. Total 450, one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages (15 birds in each replicate cage). The dietary treatment array consisted of the varying ratio of nonoxidized corn oil to naturally oxidized corn oil from 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, respectively. The experimental period was 42 d. Serum, jejunum, and contents of cecum samples were taken at the age of 42 d of broilers. The results showed no significant difference in the body weight gain (BWG) with a different proportion of oxidized corn oil compared with the 0% oxidized oil group on d 42. The feed intake (FI), the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-10 (IL10) in serum showed a significant quadratic response with the increase of oxidized oil concentration on d 42. The serum's concentration of IgG, IFN-γ, and IL-10 reached the highest value at 75% oxidized corn oil. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IFN-γ, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) in the jejunum were significantly affected by different proportions of oxidized corn oil, and the gene expression levels were highest at 75% oxidized corn oil on d 42. The mRNA expression of Bcl2-associated X (Bax) in the jejunum showed a significantly quadratic curve with the increase of oxidized oil concentration, and its gene expression was the highest after adding 50% oxidized corn oil according to the regression equation on d 42. The villus height/crypt depth and goblet cells of jejunum decreased linearly with the increasing proportion of oxidized corn oil and reached the lowest point after adding 100% oxidized corn oil on d 42. The β diversity showed the remarkable differentiation of microbial communities among 5 groups, and the microbial community of the 0% oxidized oil group was significantly separated from that of 75 and 100% oxidized oil groups in the cecum. Taken together, these results showed that a low dose of naturally oxidized corn oil is not harmful to the growth of broilers, while a high dose of oxidized corn oil will trigger the inflammatory response and adversely affect the gut health of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Adisseo Animal Nutrition, Dubai 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zhenhai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hosomi R, Matsudo A, Sugimoto K, Shimono T, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Ethyl Esters Influence the Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Metabolites in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1469-1480. [PMID: 34497184 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to affect the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites. However, few reports have focused on the effects of EPA and DHA on gut microbiota diversity and bacterial metabolites. This study evaluated the effects of dietary EPA-ethyl ester (EE) and DHA-EE on steroid metabolism, gut microbiota, and bacterial metabolites in Wistar rats. Male rats were fed the experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) soybean oil-EE (SOY diet), EPA-EE (EPA diet), and DHA-EE (DHA diet) for four weeks. The lipid contents in the serum and liver, mRNA expression levels in the liver, and the diversity, composition, and metabolites of the gut microbiota were evaluated. The EPA and DHA diets decreased serum and liver cholesterol contents compared to the SOY diet. In addition, there were no significant changes in gene expression levels related to steroid metabolism in the liver between the EPA and DHA groups. Rats fed the DHA diet had lower microbiota diversity indices, such as Simpson and Shannon indices, than rats fed the SOY and EPA diets. In addition, rats fed EPA and DHA had significant differences in the relative abundance of microbiota at the genus level, such as Phascolarctobacterium, Turicibacter, and [Eubacterium]. Therefore, it was concluded that EPA and DHA have different effects on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota under the experimental conditions employed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Anna Matsudo
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Koki Sugimoto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Takaki Shimono
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University
| | | | | | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetically encoded probiotic EcN 1917 alleviates alcohol-induced acute liver injury and restore gut microbiota homeostasis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
22
|
Xu L, Huang Q, Tan X, Zhao Q, Wu J, Liao H, Ai W, Liu Y, Lai Z, Fu L. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates acute liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and gut-origin LPS leakage in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107897. [PMID: 34182243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism represents a predisposing factor for liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pogostemon cablin has been widely used in China for the treatment of digestive system diseases. Patchouli oil, the major active fraction of Pogostemon cablin, can ameliorate alcohol-induced acute liver injury (ALI). However, patchouli alcohol (PA),a principal bioactive ingredient of PO, exerts a protection against ALI remains elusive. Thepresentwork focused on the hepatoprotection of PA against acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In this study, male Wistar rats orally received PA (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg), PO (400 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for ten days. On the 8th day, the rats orally received 65% ethanol (10 mL/kg, 6.5 g/kg) every 12 h for 3 days. Results showed that PA wasfound to reduce alcohol-induced ALI, as evidenced bysignificantly alleviated histopathologicalalterations, decreased the elevation ofALT and AST levels, and enhancedthe alcoholdehydrogenase(ADH) andaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities. Additionally, PA markedly suppressed ROS levels and increased antioxidant enzyme activities via the CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PA regulated lipid accumulation by markedly inhibiting the expression of lipogenesis-related genes and stimulating that of lipolysis-relatedgenes, which were associated with the activation of theAMPKpathway. What's more, PA pretreatment also restored acute alcohol-inducedalterationsin gut barrier function, colonic histopathology, and gut microbiota richness and evenness. PA pretreatment alleviated gut-origin LPS-inducedinflammation by inhibiting the MyD88/TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway. In general, PA ameliorates ethanol-induced ALI via restoration of CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2/HO-1-mediatedoxidativestressand AMPK-mediated fat accumulation, as well as alleviation of gut-LPS-leakage-induced inflammation regulated by the MyD88/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieqiang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaocui Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huijun Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical services, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (the 6th affiliated hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Weipeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Ludi Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030384. [PMID: 33806556 PMCID: PMC8000766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Associations among Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, the Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8879227. [PMID: 33488295 PMCID: PMC7801035 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8879227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), which are essential fatty acids that humans should obtain from diet, have potential benefits for human health. In addition to altering the structure and function of cell membranes, omega-3 PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)) exert different effects on intestinal immune tolerance and gut microbiota maintenance. Firstly, we review the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota. And the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on intestinal immunity and inflammation were described. Furthermore, the important roles of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the balance between gut immunity and the gut microbiota were discussed. Additional factors, such as obesity and diseases (NAFLD, gastrointestinal malignancies or cancer, bacterial and viral infections), which are associated with variability in omega-3 PUFA metabolism, can influence omega-3 PUFAs–microbiome–immune system interactions in the intestinal tract and also play roles in regulating gut immunity. This review identifies several pathways by which the microbiota modulates the gut immune system through omega-3 PUFAs. Omega-3 supplementation can be targeted to specific pathways to prevent and alleviate intestinal diseases, which may help researchers identify innovative diagnostic methods.
Collapse
|