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Boota MW, Soomro SEH, Xia H, Qin Y, Kakakhel MA, Yan C, Weiran L, Xu J. Distribution and bioaccumulation of trace elements in two Cyprinidae fish species in the Indus river, Pakistan, including the impact of hydraulic structure on macroinvertebrates' biodiversity. Environ Res 2024; 252:118882. [PMID: 38582426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of trace elements (chromium, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron) was determined in water, sediment and tissues of two Cyprinidae fish species - Labeo rohita and Tor putitora - collected from the eight sampling stations of Indus River in 2022 for four successive seasons (autumn, winter, spring, summer), and also study the present condition of macroinvertebrates after the construction of hydraulic structure. The obtained results of trace element concentrations in the Indus River were higher than the acceptable drinking water standards by WHO. The nitrate concentration ranges from 5.2 to 59.6 mg l-1, turbidity ranges from 3.00 to 63.9 NTU, total suspended solids and ammonium ions are below the detection limit (<0.05). In the liver, highest dry wt trace elements (μg/g) such as Cr (4.32), Pb (7.07), Zn (58.26), Cu (8.38), Mn (50.27), and Fe (83.9) for the Labeo rohita; and Tor Putitora has significantly greater accumulated concentration (Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) in muscle and liver than did Labeo rohita species. Additionally, lower number of macroinvertebrates were recorded during the monsoonal season than pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Local communities surrounded by polluted environments are more probably to consume more fish and expose them to higher concentrations of toxic trace elements (lead and copper). The findings also provide a basis for broader ecological management of the Indus River, which significantly influenced human beings and socioeconomic disasters, particularly in the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Boota
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Shan-E-Hyder Soomro
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Haoming Xia
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Yaochen Qin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Chaode Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Luo Weiran
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jikun Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Kakakhel MA, Narwal N, Khan A, Ayub H, Jiang Z, Xiaotao S. Bio-reductive synthesis of silver nanoparticles, its antibacterial efficiency, and possible toxicity in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:349-359. [PMID: 37846045 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is an emerging field of study that seeks to synthesize nanoparticles using non-chemical mechanisms such as microorganisms, plants, and animal blood serum. Among these, plants have gained particular attention due to their ease of handling, availability, and ability to synthesize a wide range of nanoparticles. Therefore, the current study aimed to fabricate the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Chinese medicinal plants (CMP) for their possible toxicity in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio). For this purpose, CMP was dried, ground, and used as a bio-reductive agent. The fabricated AgNPs were characterized and a well dispersed AgNPs were obtained. Moreover, the C. carpio was exposed to the AgNPs for bioaccumulation and histological alterations. The obtained findings revealed that the AgNPs were mostly accumulated in the intestines followed by the gills, muscles, liver, and brain. The accumulated AgNPs caused histological alterations in gills and intestines at the highest concentration (0.08 mg/L). However, very less alterations were caused by the lowest concentration, especially in the intestine. In conclusion, further in-depth research is needed to determine the risks associated with the usage of nanoparticles to reveal their harmful impacts on fish and the aquatic environment. HIGHLIGHTS: The biological fabrication of AgNPs is considered eco-friendly. Chinese medicinal plants play a significant role in AgNPs synthesis. AgNPs have excellent antibacterial activity. AgNPs are bioaccumulated in various organs of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alam Khan
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Life Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ayub
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Shi Xiaotao
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Kakakhel MA, Narwal N, Kataria N, Johari SA, Zaheer Ud Din S, Jiang Z, Khoo KS, Xiaotao S. Deciphering the dysbiosis caused in the fish microbiota by emerging contaminants and its mitigation strategies-A review. Environ Res 2023; 237:117002. [PMID: 37648194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary barrier to nutrient absorption in fish is the intestinal epithelium, followed by a community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which can be thought of as a hidden organ. The gastrointestinal microbiota of fish plays a key role in the upholding of overall health by maintaining the homeostasis and disease resistance of the host. However, emerging contaminants as the result of anthropogenic activities have significantly led to disruptions and intestinal dysbiosis in fish. Which probably results in fish mortalities and disrupts the balance of an ecosystem. Therefore, we comprehensively seek to compile the effects and consequences of emerging contaminations on fish intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the mitigation strategies including prebiotics, probiotics, plant-based diet, and Biofloc technology are being outlined. Biofloc technology (BFT) can treat toxic materials, i.e., nitrogen components, and convert them into a useful product such as proteins and demonstrated promising elevating technique for the fish intestinal bacterial composition. However, it remains unclear whether the bacterial isolate is primarily responsible for the BFT's removal of nitrate and ammonia and the corresponding removal mechanism. To answer this, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques probably provides a possible solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shi Xiaotao
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
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Kakakhel MA, Bibi N, Mahboub HH, Wu F, Sajjad W, Din SZU, Hefny AA, Wang W. Influence of biosynthesized nanoparticles exposure on mortality, residual deposition, and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis in Cyprinus carpio. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109473. [PMID: 36174907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revealed profound possibilities for the applications in applied sciences. The nanotechnology works based on nanoparticles. Among nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles largely introduced into aquatic environments during fabrication. Which cause severe contamination in the environment specially in freshwater fish. Therefore, the current study was a pioneer attempt to use the animal blood to fabricate AgNPs and investigate their toxicity in Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) by recording mortality, tissue bioaccumulation, and influence on intestinal bacterial diversity. For this purpose, fish groups were exposed to different concentrations of B-AgNPs including 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L beside the control group for 1, 10, and 20 days. Initially, the highest concentration caused mortality. The results revealed that B-AgNPs were significantly (p < 0.005) accumulated in the liver followed by intestines, gills, and muscles. In addition, the accumulation of B-AgNPs in the intestine led to bacterial dysbiosis in Cyprinus carpio. At the phylum level, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes were gradually decreased at the highest concentration of B-AgNPs (0.09 mg/L) on days 1, 10, and 20 days. The genera Cetobacterium and Luteolibactor were increased at the highest concentration on day 20. Moreover, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray-Curtis showed that the B-AgNPs had led to a variation in the intestinal bacterial community. Based on findings, the B-AgNPs induced mortality, and residual deposition in different tissues, and had a stress influence on intestinal homeostasis by affecting the intestinal bacterial community in C. carpio which could have a significant effect on fish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. https://twitter.com/pukhtunfriend
| | - Nadia Bibi
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Fasi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Department of Conservation Research, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ahmed A Hefny
- Colleague of Microbiology, Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Wanfu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Department of Conservation Research, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China.
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Ullah N, Kakakhel MA, Khan I, Gul Hilal M, Lajia Z, Bai Y, Sajjad W, Yuxi L, Ullah H, M Almohaimeed H, Alshanwani AR, Assiri R, Aggad WS, Alharbi NA, Alshehri AM, Liu G, Sun H, Zhang C. Structural and compositional segregation of the gut microbiota in HCV and liver cirrhotic patients: A clinical pilot study. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105739. [PMID: 36055570 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis during the development of Hepatitis C virus and liver-related diseases is not well studied. Nowadays, HCV and liver cirrhosis are the major concerns that cause gut bacterial alteration, which leads to dysbiosis. For this purpose, the present study was aimed at correlating the gut bacterial community of the control group in comparison to HCV and liver cirrhotic patients. A total of 23 stool samples were collected, including control (9), liver cirrhotic (8), and HCV (6). The collected samples were subjected to 16S rRNA Illumina gene sequencing. In comparison with control, a significant gut bacterial alteration was observed in the progression of HCV and liver cirrhosis. Overall, Firmicutes were significantly abundant in the whole study. No significant difference was observed in the alpha diversity of the control and patient studies. Additionally, the beta diversity based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) has a significant difference (p = 0.005) (ANOSIM R2 = 0.14) in all groups. The discriminative results based on the LEfSe tool revealed that the HCV-infected patients had higher Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacterial, as well as Lactobacillus and Bacilli in comparison than the liver-cirrhotic patients. These taxa were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding prospects, a detailed analysis of the function through metagenomics and transcriptomics is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, PR China
| | - Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, PR China
| | - Mian Gul Hilal
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Zha Lajia
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Yuxi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Habib Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliah R Alshanwani
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheeb S Aggad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, P.O.Box 8304, Jeddah, 23234, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Abdullah Alharbi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Guanlan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China.
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Khan I, Khan I, Kakakhel MA, Xiaowei Z, Ting M, Ali I, Fei Y, Jianye Z, Zhiqiang L, Lizhe A. Comparison of Microbial Populations in the Blood of Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Healthy Individuals. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845038. [PMID: 35694288 PMCID: PMC9176212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased bacterial translocation in the gut and bloodstream infections are both major comorbidities of heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI). However, the alterations in the microbiome of the blood of patients with MI remain unclear. To test this hypothesis, we conducted this case-control study to explore the microbiota compositions in the blood of Chinese patients with MI. Using high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, the microbiota communities in the blood of 29 patients with MI and 29 healthy controls were examined. In addition, the relationship between the blood microbiome and clinical features of MI was investigated. This study revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity (Shannon index) in the MI group compared with the healthy controls. Also, a significant difference was detected in the structure and richness between the patients with MI and healthy controls. The members of the phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria, order Bifdobacteriales, family Bifidobacteriaceae, and genus Bifidobacterium were significantly abundant in the MI group, while the members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia, and order Bacteroidales were significantly enriched in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the functional analysis revealed a significant variation between both groups. For instance, the enrichment of genes involved in the metabolism pathways of three amino acids decreased, that is, nucleotide transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and lipid transport and metabolism, among others. Our study will contribute to a better knowledge of the microbiota of blood, which will further lead to improved MI diagnosis and therapy. Further study is needed to determine the role of the blood microbiota in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mao Ting
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ikram Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Fei
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhou Jianye
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhiqiang
- School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhiqiang
| | - An Lizhe
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- An Lizhe
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Almanaa TN, Aref M, Kakakhel MA, Elshopakey GE, Mahboub HH, Abdelazim AM, Kamel S, Belali TM, Abomughaid MM, Alhujaily M, Fahmy EM, Ezzat Assayed M, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Daoush WM. Silica Nanoparticle Acute Toxicity on Male Rattus norvegicus Domestica: Ethological Behavior, Hematological Disorders, Biochemical Analyses, Hepato-Renal Function, and Antioxidant-Immune Response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:868111. [PMID: 35464726 PMCID: PMC9022119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.868111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With extensive production and various applications of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), there is a controversy regarding the ecotoxicological impacts of SiNPs. Therefore, the current study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity of silica nanoparticles in male Rattus norvegicus domestica after 24 and 96 h. Hematological, serum biochemical, stress biomarker, and immune-antioxidant parameters were addressed. Chemical composition, crystal structure, and the particle shape and morphology of SiNPs were investigated using XRD, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis, and SEM, while TEM was used to estimate the average size distribution of particles. For the exposure experiment, 48 male rats were divided into four groups (12 rat/group) and gavaged daily with different levels of zero (control), 5, 10, and 20 mg of SiNPs corresponding to zero, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 mg per kg of body weight. Sampling was carried out after 24 and 96 h. Relative to the control group, the exposure to SiNPs induced clear behavioral changes such as inactivity, lethargy, aggressiveness, and screaming. In a dose-dependent manner, the behavior scores recorded the highest values. Pairwise comparisons with the control demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hematological and immunological biomarkers [lysozymes and alternative complement activity (ACH50)] with a concomitant reduction in the antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in all exposed groups to SiNPs. On the contrary, there was a noticeable increase in biochemical parameters (glucose, cortisol, creatinine, urea, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), total protein, and albumin) and hepato-renal indicators, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), of all SiNP-exposed groups. It was observed that SiNPs induced acute toxicity, either after 24 h or 96 h, post-exposure of rats to SiNPs evidenced by ethological changes, hepato-renal dysfunction, hyperlipemia, and severe suppression in hematological, protein, stress, and immune-antioxidant biomarkers reflecting an impaired physiological status. The obtained outcomes create a foundation for future research to consider the acute toxicity of nanoparticles to preserve human health and sustain the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Walid M. Daoush, ; Heba H. Mahboub,
| | - Aaser Mohamed Abdelazim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tareg M. Belali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh M. Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ezzat Assayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Head of Coordination and Follow-up Unit, General Requirments Center, Deanship of Supportive Studies, Taif University, Ta’if, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit-medical College, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Walid M. Daoush
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Walid M. Daoush, ; Heba H. Mahboub,
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Khan I, Khan I, Jianye Z, Xiaohua Z, Khan M, Hilal MG, Kakakhel MA, Mehmood A, Lizhe A, Zhiqiang L. Exploring blood microbial communities and their influence on human cardiovascular disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24354. [PMID: 35293034 PMCID: PMC8993628 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single biggest contributor to global mortality. CVD encompasses multiple disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, platelet hyperactivity, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and heart failure. In addition to traditional risk factors, the circulating microbiome or the blood microbiome has been analyzed recently in chronic inflammatory diseases, including CVD in humans. Methods For this review, all relevant original research studies were assessed by searching in electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, by using relevant keywords. Results This review demonstrated that elevated markers of systemic bacterial exposure are associated with noncommunicable diseases, including CVD. Studies have shown that the bacterial DNA sequence found in healthy blood belongs mainly to the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla. In cardiac events, such as stroke, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction, the increased proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla was found. Lipopolysaccharides are a major component of Proteobacteria, which play a key role in the onset of CVD. Moreover, recently, a study reported the lower cholesterol‐degrading bacteria, including Caulobacterales order and Caulobacteraceae family were both considerably reduced in myocardial infarction. Conclusion Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were shown to be independent markers of the risk of CVD. This finding is evidence for the new concept of the role played by blood microbiota dysbiosis in CVD. However, the association between blood microbiota and CVD is still inconsistent. Thus, more deep investigations are required in future to fully understand the role of the bacteria community in causing and preventing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zhou Jianye
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhang Xiaohua
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Murad Khan
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Key Laboratory Animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mian Gul Hilal
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - An Lizhe
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhiqiang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Kakakhel MA, Zaheer Ud Din S, Wang W. Evaluation of the antibacterial influence of silver nanoparticles against fish pathogenic bacterial isolates and their toxicity against common carp fish. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1282-1288. [PMID: 34799956 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
At present, nanotechnology and nanomaterials are being emerged very quickly and gained the attention of researchers due to their frequent application history, especially their antibacterial effects against certain bacterial isolates. Therefore, the present study was aimed to check the antibacterial influence and toxic effects of the market available (Chemical Fabricated) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For this purpose, the AgNPs were obtained from the local market and used against fish pathogenic bacterial species. The highest zone of inhibition was observed against Aeromonas hydrophila (27.53 ± 0.69). Moreover, the AgNPs were exposed to the common carp fish for toxicity and toxic effects. The highest mortality was seen at the highest concentration (0.09 mg/L) of AgNPs. Finally, the AgNPs mainly were accumulated in the liver, followed by the intestine, gills, and muscles. The intestine absorbed the nanomaterials; therefore, it is critical to check the influence of these AgNPs on the fish intestinal bacterial community via MiSeq Illumina Sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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10
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Ullah N, Kakakhel MA, Bai Y, Xi L, Khan I, Kalra BS, Kumar T, Ahmad H, Shah M, Guanlan L, Zhang C. Prevalence of active HCV infection and genotypic distribution among the general population of district Mardan, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e244977. [PMID: 34287506 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the serious global public health burden of liver disease. Approximately 170 million people in the world are infected with (HCV). In Pakistan, where the disease has high occurrence rate. The present study envisages an up-to-date prevalence of HCV and genotypic distribution in the general population of Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The blood samples from 6,538 individuals including 3,263 males and 3,275 females were analyzed for hepatitis C surface antigen by Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that 396 (12.13%) out of 3263 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HCV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HCV antibodies were found in the 31-40 age group (11.01%). The ICT positive samples were further screened by nested PCR to determine the existence of active HCV-RNA. It was identified that 7.11% (3263) of the total population (6538) tested was positive, among which the 461 (14.07%) females possessed antibodies in their blood against HCV. Our data showed total HCV infection in the investigated population was 5.78%. Higher percentage of HCV prevalence was detected in males than females in the age group 31-40 and 41-50. To compare the prevalence of HCV genotypes age-wise in male and female genotype 3a was found most prevalent genotype followed by 1a, 2a and 3b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Kakakhel
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Bai
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Xi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B S Kalra
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T Kumar
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,Lanzhou University, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - H Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Genetics, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - L Guanlan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - C Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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11
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Ullah N, Khan I, Kakakhel MA, Xi L, Bai Y, Kalra BS, Guanlan L, Kumar T, Shah M, Zhang C. Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e245813. [PMID: 34287527 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is perilous among the five types of Hepatitis, as it remains clinically asymptomatic. The present study draws up-to-date prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The blood samples from 4803 individuals including 2399 male and 2404 females were investigated. All the suspected samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and followed by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results showed that 312 (13.00%) out of 2399 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HBV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HBV antibodies were found in the age of 21-30 groups (10.73%). Furthermore, the ICT positive samples were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was observed that 169 (7.04%) out of (2399) male of the total population (4803) tested was positive. On the other hand, the female 463 (19.25%) possessed antibodies in their blood against HBV. Accumulatively, our results showed a higher percentage of HBV prevalence in males than females in the age group 21-30 years. The total HCV infected in Mardan general population was recorded at 5.7% comprising both male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Kakakhel
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Xi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Bai
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B S Kalra
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - L Guanlan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - T Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of grassland Agro-ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland, Livestock Industry Innovation, , Collage of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - C Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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12
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Kakakhel MA, Wu F, Anwar Z, Saif I, Akbar NU, Gul N, Ali I, Feng H, Wang W. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii in soil, their transmission, and their influence on the small ruminants and human population: A review. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:104850. [PMID: 33766632 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ecosystem approach has been developed since the 1940s. An ecosystem is a community of living organism and their interaction and conjugation with abiotic factors of the environment. The ecosystem is not endemic to the aquatic environment only but, the terrestrial environment is also considered to be a part of an ecosystem. Soil act as mother role for the survival of different microorganism. The Toxoplasma gondii oocysts stay survive for a long time in the soil. This presence of these oocysts might critically enhance the success of this parasite in two ways. First, this parasite can widespread; second, it can create a lot of consequences regarding animals and their economic value. Soil contamination caused by Toxoplasma gondii Y is a significant and profound issue for animals and public health. Therefore, the current study was aimed to summarize and correlate the soil and parasite, their transmission, infection, and some aspects related to T. gondii. The small animals are pose at a high risk therefore, it was concluded that some preventive measures should be taken to keep secure itself from zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Fasi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu, 736200, PR China
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Irfan Saif
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Noor Ul Akbar
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naila Gul
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, PR China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Wanfu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu, 736200, PR China; Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation for Ancient Mural, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang, 736200, Gansu, PR China.
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13
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Kakakhel MA, Wu F, Feng H, Hassan Z, Ali I, Saif I, Zaheer Ud Din S, Wang W. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using animal blood, their preventive efficiency of bacterial species, and ecotoxicity in common carp fish. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1765-1774. [PMID: 33694296 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Possible high biodeterioration of the microorganisms due to their metabolic pathway and activities on stone materials causes solemn problems in cultural heritage. Different kinds of laboratory-scale methods have been used for the reduction of microbial growth, that is, chemical, mechanical, and physical, which are cost-effective and not ecofriendly. In the current study, an ecofriendly approach utilizing silver nanoparticles were synthesized using sheep blood serum. Transmission electron microscopy results have confirmed the spherical and well dispersed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 32.49 nm, while energy dispersive X-ray has shown the abundance of silver nanoparticles. The efficiency against bacterial species was verified through laboratory-scale testing. The strong antibacterial activity was confirmed when B-AgNPs was tested against different bacterial species isolated from the Beishiku Cave Temple. The largest zone of inhibition was measured 26.48 ± 0.14 mm against Sphingomonas sp. while the smallest zone of inhibition measured was 9.70 ± 0.27 mm against Massilia sp. Moreover, these ecofriendly B-AgNPs were tested for daily based dose in different concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L) against common carp fish for a long exposure (20 days) and 6.5% fatality was found. The highest lethal concentration (LC50 ) for fish (0.61 ± 0.09 mg/L). No doubt, the laboratory scale applications have revealed the best results with minute toxicity in fish. Therefore, sheep serum should be continued to synthesize silver nanoparticles on a large scale. A strict monitoring system should be developed for the synthesis and application of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fasi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.,National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Department of Conservation Research, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu, 736200, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zubair Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ihsan Ali
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Irfan Saif
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Wanfu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.,National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Department of Conservation Research, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu, 736200, China
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14
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Rehman G, Gul N, Khan GN, Zaman K, Anwar Z, Kakakhel MA. Ethanolic extract of Allacanthos crab inhibits cancer cell proliferation, posses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Kakakhel MA, Gohar F, Anwar Z, Ullah R, Attaullah M, Ahmad S, Khan A, Kalimullah K. Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pet Dogs of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pujz/2020.35.1.99.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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