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Xu Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Sjöström M, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Cheng S, Deng S, Wang C, Gonzalez J, Johnson NA, Li X, Li X, Metang LA, Mukherji A, Xu Q, Tirado CR, Wainwright G, Yu X, Barnes S, Hofstad M, Chen Y, Zhu H, Hanker AB, Raj GV, Zhu G, He HH, Wang Z, Arteaga CL, Liang H, Feng FY, Wang Y, Wang T, Mu P. ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1496-1521. [PMID: 38591846 PMCID: PMC11285331 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit phenotypical plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming that allows them to evade lineage-dependent targeted treatments by adopting lineage plasticity. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the epigenetic regulatory machinery to acquire lineage plasticity and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. We identified zinc finger protein 397 (ZNF397) as a bona fide coactivator of the androgen receptor (AR), essential for the transcriptional program governing AR-driven luminal lineage. ZNF397 deficiency facilitates the transition of cancer cell from an AR-driven luminal lineage to a ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2)-driven lineage plastic state, ultimately promoting resistance to therapies inhibiting AR signaling. Intriguingly, our findings indicate that a TET2 inhibitor can eliminate the resistance to AR-targeted therapies in ZNF397-deficient tumors. These insights uncover a novel mechanism through which prostate cancer acquires lineage plasticity via epigenetic rewiring and offer promising implications for clinical interventions designed to overcome therapy resistance dictated by lineage plasticity. Significance: This study reveals a bifurcated role of ZNF397, and a TET2-driven epigenetic mechanism regulating tumor lineage plasticity and therapy response in prostate cancer, enhances the understanding of drug resistance, and unveils a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming androgen receptor-targeted therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Yuqiu Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Yuyin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Yitao Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
| | - Su Deng
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Choushi Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Julisa Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Nickolas A. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Lauren A. Metang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Atreyi Mukherji
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Quanhui Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Carla R. Tirado
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Garrett Wainwright
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Xinzhe Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Spencer Barnes
- Bioinformatics Core Facility of the Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Mia Hofstad
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NYC, New York, New York.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Ganesh V. Raj
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Housheng H. He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Yunguan Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Ping Mu
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Thapa R, Moglad E, Afzal M, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Pant K, Ali H, Paudel KR, Dureja H, Singh TG, Singh SK, Dua K. ncRNAs and their impact on dopaminergic neurons: Autophagy pathways in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102327. [PMID: 38734148 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurological illness that causes severe motor and non-motor symptoms due to a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The aetiology of PD is influenced by a variety of genetic, environmental, and cellular variables. One important aspect of this pathophysiology is autophagy, a crucial cellular homeostasis process that breaks down and recycles cytoplasmic components. Recent advances in genomic technologies have unravelled a significant impact of ncRNAs on the regulation of autophagy pathways, thereby implicating their roles in PD onset and progression. They are members of a family of RNAs that include miRNAs, circRNA and lncRNAs that have been shown to play novel pleiotropic functions in the pathogenesis of PD by modulating the expression of genes linked to autophagic activities and dopaminergic neuron survival. This review aims to integrate the current genetic paradigms with the therapeutic prospect of autophagy-associated ncRNAs in PD. By synthesizing the findings of recent genetic studies, we underscore the importance of ncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy, how they are dysregulated in PD, and how they represent novel dimensions for therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic promise of targeting ncRNAs in PD is discussed, including the barriers that need to be overcome and future directions that must be embraced to funnel these ncRNA molecules for the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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3
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Wix S, Scambler W, Trang V, Malik RA. TET2-mutant undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma metastatic to lung and brain. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258139. [PMID: 38890114 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas constitute approximately 1% of adult cancers and 8%-10% of paediatric cancers. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) characterised by dedifferentiated cancer cells. The most common sites of metastasis for UPS include the lungs, liver, bones and regional lymph nodes. Brain metastasis is rare, affecting only 1%-8% of STS patients. This report presents a unique case of a woman in her 80s with a TET2-mutant UPS metastatic to the lung and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Wix
- Texas Christian University Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Winston Scambler
- Texas Christian University Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Rehan A Malik
- Texas Christian University Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Quarato ER, Salama NA, Calvi LM. Interplay Between Skeletal and Hematopoietic Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Homeostasis and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024:10.1007/s11914-024-00874-2. [PMID: 38782850 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In this review, we discuss the most recent scientific advances on the reciprocal regulatory interactions between the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niche, focusing on immunomodulation and its interplay with the cell's mitochondrial function, and how this impacts osteoimmune health during aging and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between cells that make up the skeletal stem cell niche and immune system. Much work has investigated the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment with respect to the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cells that regulate skeletal formation and immune health respectively. It has now become clear that these cellular components cooperate to maintain homeostasis and that dysfunction in their interaction can lead to aging and disease. Having a deeper, mechanistic appreciation for osteoimmune regulation will lead to better research perspective and therapeutics with the potential to improve the aging process, skeletal and hematologic regeneration, and disease targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Noah A Salama
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laura M Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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5
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Cao X, Huber S, Ahari AJ, Traube FR, Seifert M, Oakes CC, Secheyko P, Vilov S, Scheller IF, Wagner N, Yépez VA, Blombery P, Haferlach T, Heinig M, Wachutka L, Hutter S, Gagneur J. Analysis of 3760 hematologic malignancies reveals rare transcriptomic aberrations of driver genes. Genome Med 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38769532 PMCID: PMC11103968 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare oncogenic driver events, particularly affecting the expression or splicing of driver genes, are suspected to substantially contribute to the large heterogeneity of hematologic malignancies. However, their identification remains challenging. METHODS To address this issue, we generated the largest dataset to date of matched whole genome sequencing and total RNA sequencing of hematologic malignancies from 3760 patients spanning 24 disease entities. Taking advantage of our dataset size, we focused on discovering rare regulatory aberrations. Therefore, we called expression and splicing outliers using an extension of the workflow DROP (Detection of RNA Outliers Pipeline) and AbSplice, a variant effect predictor that identifies genetic variants causing aberrant splicing. We next trained a machine learning model integrating these results to prioritize new candidate disease-specific driver genes. RESULTS We found a median of seven expression outlier genes, two splicing outlier genes, and two rare splice-affecting variants per sample. Each category showed significant enrichment for already well-characterized driver genes, with odds ratios exceeding three among genes called in more than five samples. On held-out data, our integrative modeling significantly outperformed modeling based solely on genomic data and revealed promising novel candidate driver genes. Remarkably, we found a truncated form of the low density lipoprotein receptor LRP1B transcript to be aberrantly overexpressed in about half of hairy cell leukemia variant (HCL-V) samples and, to a lesser extent, in closely related B-cell neoplasms. This observation, which was confirmed in an independent cohort, suggests LRP1B as a novel marker for a HCL-V subclass and a yet unreported functional role of LRP1B within these rare entities. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our census of expression and splicing outliers for 24 hematologic malignancy entities and the companion computational workflow constitute unique resources to deepen our understanding of rare oncogenic events in hematologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Cao
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences (QBM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Huber
- Munich Leukemia Laboratory (MLL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ata Jadid Ahari
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Franziska R Traube
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Seifert
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Polina Secheyko
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergey Vilov
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ines F Scheller
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nils Wagner
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Association - Munich School for Data Science (MUDS), Munich, Germany
| | - Vicente A Yépez
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Piers Blombery
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Torsten Haferlach Leukämiediagnostik Stiftung, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Heinig
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leonhard Wachutka
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | | | - Julien Gagneur
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
- Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences (QBM), Munich, Germany.
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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6
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Da W, Song Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang S, Ma J. The role of TET2 in solid tumors and its therapeutic potential: a comprehensive review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03478-5. [PMID: 38598002 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Indeed, tumors are a significant health concern worldwide, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of tumor development is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. Epigenetics, which refers to changes in gene expression that are not caused by alterations in the DNA sequence itself, plays a critical role in the entire process of tumor development. It goes without saying that the effect of methylation on tumors is a significant aspect of epigenetics. Among the methylation modifications, DNA methylation is an important part, which plays a regulatory role in tumor-related genes. Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) is a highly influential protein involved in the modification of DNA methylation. Its primary role is associated with the suppression of tumor development, making it a significant player in cancer research. However, TET2 is frequently mentioned in hematological diseases, its role in solid tumors has received little attention. Studying the changes of TET2 in solid tumors and the regulatory mechanism will facilitate its investigation as a clinical target for targeted therapy and may also provide directions for clinical treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Da
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road No. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ziyu Song
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road No. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road No. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road No. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road No. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road No. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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7
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Longhini ALF, Fernández-Maestre I, Kennedy MC, Wereski MG, Mowla S, Xiao W, Lowe SW, Levine RL, Gardner R. Development of a customizable mouse backbone spectral flow cytometry panel to delineate immune cell populations in normal and tumor tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374943. [PMID: 38605953 PMCID: PMC11008467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In vivo studies of cancer biology and assessment of therapeutic efficacy are critical to advancing cancer research and ultimately improving patient outcomes. Murine cancer models have proven to be an invaluable tool in pre-clinical studies. In this context, multi-parameter flow cytometry is a powerful method for elucidating the profile of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and/or play a role in hematological diseases. However, designing an appropriate multi-parameter panel to comprehensively profile the increasing diversity of immune cells across different murine tissues can be extremely challenging. Methods To address this issue, we designed a panel with 13 fixed markers that define the major immune populations -referred to as the backbone panel- that can be profiled in different tissues but with the option to incorporate up to seven additional fluorochromes, including any marker specific to the study in question. Results This backbone panel maintains its resolution across different spectral flow cytometers and organs, both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic, as well as tumors with complex immune microenvironments. Discussion Having a robust backbone that can be easily customized with pre-validated drop-in fluorochromes saves time and resources and brings consistency and standardization, making it a versatile solution for immuno-oncology researchers. In addition, the approach presented here can serve as a guide to develop similar types of customizable backbone panels for different research questions requiring high-parameter flow cytometry panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leda F. Longhini
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, United States
| | - Inés Fernández-Maestre
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margaret C. Kennedy
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Shoron Mowla
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rui Gardner
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, United States
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8
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Liu X, He W, Hu L. Exploring transient global transcriptional changes induced by ascorbic acid revealed via atKAS-seq profiling. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:66. [PMID: 38526630 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiates the formation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) regions within the genome, delineating transcription bubbles, a highly dynamic genomic process. Kethoxal-assisted single-stranded DNA sequencing (KAS-seq) utilizing N3-kethoxal has emerged as a potent tool for mapping specific guanine positions in ssDNA on a genome-wide scale. However, the original KAS-seq method required the costly Accel-NGS Methyl-seq DNA library kit. This study introduces an optimized iteration of the KAS-seq technique, referred to as adapter-tagged KAS-seq (atKAS-seq), incorporating an adapter tagging strategy. This modification involves integrating sequencing adapters via complementary strand synthesis using random N9 tagging. Additionally, by harnessing the potential of ascorbic acid (ASC), recognized for inducing global epigenetic changes, we employed the atKAS-seq methodology to elucidate critical pathways influenced by short-term, high-dose ASC treatment. Our findings underscore that atKAS-seq enables rapid and precise analyses of transcription dynamics and enhancer activities concurrently. This method offers a streamlined, cost-efficient, and low-input approach, affirming its utility in probing intricate genomic regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyue Liu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weizhi He
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Zhu D, Zeng S, Su C, Li J, Xuan Y, Lin Y, Xu E, Fan Q. The interaction between DNA methylation and tumor immune microenvironment: from the laboratory to clinical applications. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:24. [PMID: 38331927 PMCID: PMC10854038 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a pivotal epigenetic modification that affects gene expression. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) comprises diverse immune cells and stromal components, creating a complex landscape that can either promote or inhibit tumor progression. In the TIME, DNA methylation has been shown to play a critical role in influencing immune cell function and tumor immune evasion. DNA methylation regulates immune cell differentiation, immune responses, and TIME composition Targeting DNA methylation in TIME offers various potential avenues for enhancing immune cytotoxicity and reducing immunosuppression. Recent studies have demonstrated that modification of DNA methylation patterns can promote immune cell infiltration and function. However, challenges persist in understanding the precise mechanisms underlying DNA methylation in the TIME, developing selective epigenetic therapies, and effectively integrating these therapies with other antitumor strategies. In conclusion, DNA methylation of both tumor cells and immune cells interacts with the TIME, and thus affects clinical efficacy. The regulation of DNA methylation within the TIME holds significant promise for the advancement of tumor immunotherapy. Addressing these challenges is crucial for harnessing the full potential of epigenetic interventions to enhance antitumor immune responses and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, No.111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Siying Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiwen Xuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, No.111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Yongkai Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Enwu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, No.111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
| | - Qin Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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10
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Fernandes Q, Inchakalody VP, Bedhiafi T, Mestiri S, Taib N, Uddin S, Merhi M, Dermime S. Chronic inflammation and cancer; the two sides of a coin. Life Sci 2024; 338:122390. [PMID: 38160787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The correlation between chronic inflammation and cancer was initially identified in the 19th century. Biomolecules like interleukins, chemokines, tumor necrosis factors, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, which regulate inflammation, are recognized contributors to neoplastic transformation through various mechanisms, including oncogenic mutations, resistance to apoptosis, and adaptive responses like angiogenesis. This review aims to establish connections between the intricate and complex mechanisms of chronic inflammation and cancer. We illuminate implicit signaling mechanisms that drive the association between chronic inflammation and the initiation/progression of cancer, exploring potential impacts on other diseases. Additionally, we discuss the modalities of currently available therapeutic options for chronic inflammation and cancer, emphasizing the dual nature of such therapies. A thorough understanding of the molecular basis of chronic inflammation is crucial for developing novel approaches in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Liu K, Xu Y. Downregulation of TET2 Contributes to Nasal Polypogenesis Through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 17:64-77. [PMID: 38228132 PMCID: PMC10933810 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2023.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) have been reported to mediate nasal polypogenesis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, HIF1α can regulate the expression and function of TET2. However, the precise mechanism of how TET2 regulates the EMT through HIF1α mediation in nasal epithelial cells is still poorly understood. METHODS Nasal tissue samples were collected from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and controls. The expression of HIF1α and TET2 was detected using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were stimulated with CoCl2 to mimic hypoxia. Vitamin C (VC), a TET2 non-specific activator, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection of TET2 were used to further determine the role of TET2 in hypoxia-induced EMT. Finally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 were measured to explore the downstream consequences of TET2 in hypoxic hNECs. RESULTS TET2 levels were lower in the nasal epithelium of CRSwNP patients and were positively correlated with E-cadherin but negatively correlated with vimentin in CRS. However, HIF1α exhibited the opposite pattern and was negatively correlated with TET2 expression. CoCl2-simulated hypoxia led to EMT and increased HIF1α in hNECs in vitro, with simultaneous downregulation of TET2 expression. Addition of VC activated TET2 expression in hNECs, but inhibited EMT and HIF1α expression. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of TET2 contributed to the EMT in CoCl2-simulated hNECs despite the addition of VC. Finally, TET2 regulated the EMT in hypoxic hNECs through Nrf2 expression and ROS generation. CONCLUSION TET2 was negatively correlated with HIF1α and EMT in vivo. TET2 was downregulated by HIF1α, resulting in the EMT in CoCl2-hypoxic hNECs via regulation of oxidative stress in vitro. Hence, TET2 might provide a new therapeutic approach for CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wang HY, Ho CC, Lin YT, Liao WY, Chen CY, Shih JY, Yu CJ. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Blood-Based Circulating Tumor DNA Assay: Findings From the BFAST Database of a Single Center in Taiwan. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300314. [PMID: 38190582 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Blood First Assay Screening Trial (BFAST) is a prospective study using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in treatment-naïve advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared liquid biopsy to tissue testing and analyzed genomic alterations in Taiwanese patients with NSCLC using the BFAST database. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 269 patients underwent FoundationOne Liquid Companion Diagnostic (F1LCDx) assay at the National Taiwan University Hospital, of whom 264 underwent tissue-based genetic testing also. We analyzed the actionable mutations and the concordance between tissue-based genetic testing, which was limited to EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF, in a real-life clinical setting and blood-based NGS in the clinical trial. Additionally, we analyzed the co-occurring genomic alterations from the blood-based ctDNA assay. RESULTS A total of 76.2% patients showed actionable mutations. Standard tissue testing did not detect known driver alterations in about 22.7% of the patients (sensitivity, 70.24%). Liquid NGS detected additional mutations (RET, KRAS, MET, and ErbB2) in 14% of the patients, which went undetected by the standard-of-care testing. The complementary use of ctDNA NGS increased the detection rate by 42%. The F1LCDx assay had a sensitivity of 83.41%. Lower tumor and metastasis stages predicted nondetected blood-based NGS ctDNA results. Common co-occurring mutations in the blood-based NGS ctDNA assay were TP53, DNMT3A, TET2, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and RB1. Among the patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, TET2 co-occurring alterations correlated with shorter progression-free survival of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSION NGS ctDNA analysis in comprehensive genetic testing improves actionable mutation identification, vital for treating Asian NSCLC cases with high actionable mutation rates. Lower stages correlated with undetected blood-based NGS ctDNA assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Yunlin County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Centre, Da'an District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, North District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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Xu Y, Wang Z, Sjöström M, Deng S, Wang C, Johnson NA, Gonzalez J, Li X, Metang LA, Tirado CR, Mukherji A, Wainwright G, Yu X, Yang Y, Barnes S, Hofstad M, Zhu H, Hanker A, He HH, Chen Y, Wang Z, Raj G, Arteaga C, Feng F, Wang Y, Wang T, Mu P. ZNF397 Loss Triggers TET2-driven Epigenetic Rewiring, Lineage Plasticity, and AR-targeted Therapy Resistance in AR-dependent Cancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563645. [PMID: 37961351 PMCID: PMC10634771 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit phenotypical plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming, which allows them to evade lineage-dependent targeted treatments by adopting lineage plasticity. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the epigenetic regulatory machinery to acquire lineage plasticity and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. We identified Zinc Finger Protein 397 (ZNF397) as a bona fide co-activator of the androgen receptor (AR), essential for the transcriptional program governing AR-driven luminal lineage. ZNF397 deficiency facilitates the transition of cancer cell from an AR-driven luminal lineage to a Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2)-driven lineage plastic state, ultimately promoting resistance to therapies inhibiting AR signaling. Intriguingly, our findings indicate that TET2 inhibitor can eliminate the AR targeted therapies resistance in ZNF397-deficient tumors. These insights uncover a novel mechanism through which prostate and breast cancers acquire lineage plasticity via epigenetic rewiring and offer promising implications for clinical interventions designed to overcome therapy resistance dictated by lineage plasticity. Statement of Significance This study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism regulating tumor lineage plasticity and therapy response, enhances understanding of drug resistance and unveils a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer and other malignancies. Our findings also illuminate TET2's oncogenic role and mechanistically connect TET2-driven epigenetic rewiring to lineage plasticity and therapy resistance.
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Martinez-Espinosa I, Serrato JA, Ortiz-Quintero B. The Role of Exosome-Derived microRNA on Lung Cancer Metastasis Progression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1574. [PMID: 38002256 PMCID: PMC10669807 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality from lung cancer is mainly attributed to the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis. Despite being the leading cause of lung cancer death, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving metastasis progression are still not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that tumor cell exosomes play a significant role in tumor progression through intercellular communication between tumor cells, the microenvironment, and distant organs. Furthermore, evidence shows that exosomes release biologically active components to distant sites and organs, which direct metastasis by preparing metastatic pre-niche and stimulating tumorigenesis. As a result, identifying the active components of exosome cargo has become a critical area of research in recent years. Among these components are microRNAs, which are associated with tumor progression and metastasis in lung cancer. Although research into exosome-derived microRNA (exosomal miRNAs) is still in its early stages, it holds promise as a potential target for lung cancer therapy. Understanding how exosomal microRNAs promote metastasis will provide evidence for developing new targeted treatments. This review summarizes current research on exosomal miRNAs' role in metastasis progression mechanisms, focusing on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine and Translational Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City CP 14080, Mexico; (I.M.-E.); (J.A.S.)
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15
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Cheng G, Wu J, Ji M, Hu W, Wu C, Jiang J. TET2 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells via activation of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:825. [PMID: 37667220 PMCID: PMC10478367 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective identification and development of new molecular methods for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains an urgent clinical need. DNA methylation patterns at cytosine bases in the genome are closely related to gene expression, and abnormal DNA methylation is frequently observed in various cancers. The ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and promote locus-specific DNA methylation reversal. This study aimed to explore the role of the TET2 protein and its downstream effector, 5-hmC/5-mC DNA modification, in LUAD progression. METHODS The expression of TET2 was analysed by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The 5-hmC DNA content was determined by a colorimetric kit. Activation of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway was evaluated by Western blotting. CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effect of TET2 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. A xenograft model was used to analyse the effect of TET2 on the tumorigenic ability of A549 cells. RESULTS TET2 overexpression decreased proliferation and metastasis of A549 and H1975 cells in vitro and in vivo. However, TET2 knockdown dramatically enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1975 cells. Mechanistically, activation of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway is critical for the TET2-mediated suppression of LUAD cell tumorigenesis and metastasis. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrate a tumour suppressor role of TET2 in LUAD, providing new potential molecular therapeutic targets and clinical therapies for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Cheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, P.R. China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, P.R. China.
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, P.R. China.
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Fortel I, Zhan L, Ajilore O, Wu Y, Mackin S, Leow A. Disrupted excitation-inhibition balance in cognitively normal individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554061. [PMID: 37662359 PMCID: PMC10473582 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sex differences impact Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, but cell-to-network level dysfunctions in the prodromal phase are unclear. Alterations in hippocampal excitation-inhibition balance (EIB) have recently been linked to early AD pathology. Objective Examine how AD risk factors (age, APOE-ɛ4, amyloid-β) relate to hippocampal EIB in cognitively normal males and females using connectome-level measures. Methods Individuals from the OASIS-3 cohort (age 42-95) were studied (N = 437), with a subset aged 65+ undergoing neuropsychological testing (N = 231). Results In absence of AD risk factors (APOE-ɛ4/Aβ+), whole-brain EIB decreases with age more significantly in males than females (p = 0.021, β = -0.007). Regression modeling including APOE-ɛ4 allele carriers (Aβ-) yielded a significant positive AGE-by-APOE interaction in the right hippocampus for females only (p = 0.013, β = 0.014), persisting with inclusion of Aβ+ individuals (p = 0.012, β = 0.014). Partial correlation analyses of neuropsychological testing showed significant associations with EIB in females: positive correlations between right hippocampal EIB with categorical fluency and whole-brain EIB with the trail-making test (p < 0.05). Conclusion Sex differences in EIB emerge during normal aging and progresses differently with AD risk. Results suggest APOE-ɛ4 disrupts hippocampal balance more than amyloid in females. Increased excitation correlates positively with neuropsychological performance in the female group, suggesting a duality in terms of potential beneficial effects prior to cognitive impairment. This underscores the translational relevance of APOE-ɛ4 related hyperexcitation in females, potentially informing therapeutic targets or early interventions to mitigate AD progression in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fortel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Liang Zhan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yichao Wu
- Department of Math, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alex Leow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang X. TET (Ten-eleven translocation) family proteins: structure, biological functions and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:297. [PMID: 37563110 PMCID: PMC10415333 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family proteins (TETs), specifically, TET1, TET2 and TET3, can modify DNA by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) iteratively to yield 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), and then two of these intermediates (5fC and 5caC) can be excised and return to unmethylated cytosines by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Because DNA methylation and demethylation play an important role in numerous biological processes, including zygote formation, embryogenesis, spatial learning and immune homeostasis, the regulation of TETs functions is complicated, and dysregulation of their functions is implicated in many diseases such as myeloid malignancies. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that TET2 is able to catalyze the hydroxymethylation of RNA to perform post-transcriptional regulation. Notably, catalytic-independent functions of TETs in certain biological contexts have been identified, further highlighting their multifunctional roles. Interestingly, by reactivating the expression of selected target genes, accumulated evidences support the potential therapeutic use of TETs-based DNA methylation editing tools in disorders associated with epigenetic silencing. In this review, we summarize recent key findings in TETs functions, activity regulators at various levels, technological advances in the detection of 5hmC, the main TETs oxidative product, and TETs emerging applications in epigenetic editing. Furthermore, we discuss existing challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Das R, Tu ZJ, Bosler DS, Cheng Y. Identification and interpretation of TET2 noncanonical splicing site intronic variants in myeloid neoplasm patients. EJHAEM 2023; 4:738-744. [PMID: 37601840 PMCID: PMC10435687 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: DNA hypermethylation and instability due to inactivation mutations in Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) is a key biomarker of hematological malignancies. This study aims at characterizing two intronic noncanonical splice-site variants, c.3954+5_3954+8delGTTT and c.3954+5G>A. Methods: We used in silico prediction tools, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and Sanger sequencing on blood/bone marrow-derived RNA specimens to determine the aberrant splicing. Results: In silico prediction of both variants exhibited reduced splicing strength at the TET2 intron 7 splicing donor site. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing identified a 62-bp deletion at the exon 7, producing a frameshift mutation, p.Cys1298*. Conclusion: This study provides functional evidence for two intronic TET2 variants that cause alternative splicing and frameshift mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Zheng Jin Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - David S. Bosler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Yu‐Wei Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Bhuvanadas S, Devi A. JARID2 and EZH2, The Eminent Epigenetic Drivers In Human Cancer. Gene 2023:147584. [PMID: 37353042 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a prominent cause of death, accounting for approximately 10 million death worldwide as per the World Health Organization reports 2020. Epigenetics deal with the alterations of heritable phenotypes, except for DNA alterations. Currently, we are trying to comprehend the role of utmost significant epigenetic genes involved in the burgeoning of human cancer. A sundry of studies reported the Enhancer of Zeste Homologue2 (EZH2) as a prime catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex2, which is involved in several pivotal activities, including embryogenesis. In addition, EZH2 has detrimental effects leading to the onset and metastasis of several cancers. Jumonji AT Rich Interacting Domain2 (JARID2), an undebated crucial nuclear factor, has strong coordination with the PRC2 family. In this review, we discuss various epigenetic entities, primarily focusing on the possible role and mechanism of EZH2 and the significant contribution of JARID2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeshma Bhuvanadas
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India - 603203
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India - 603203.
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Hu XQ, Song R, Dasgupta C, Blood AB, Zhang L. TET2 confers a mechanistic link of microRNA-210 and mtROS in hypoxia-suppressed spontaneous transient outward currents in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. J Physiol 2023; 601:1501-1514. [PMID: 36856073 PMCID: PMC10106393 DOI: 10.1113/jp284336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia during pregnancy impairs uterine vascular adaptation via microRNA-210 (miR-210)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) participates in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress and its deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we hypothesize a role of TET2 in hypoxia/miR-210-mediated mtROS suppressing spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in uterine arteries. We found that gestational hypoxia downregulated TET2 in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep and TET2 was a target of miR-210. Knockdown of TET2 with small interfering RNAs suppressed mitochondrial respiration, increased mtROS, inhibited STOCs and elevated myogenic tone. By contrast, overexpression of TET2 negated hypoxia- and miR-210-induced mtROS. The effects of TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries on mtROS, STOCs and myogenic contractions were blocked by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. In addition, the recovery effects of inhibiting endogenous miR-210 with miR-210-LNA on hypoxia-induced suppression of STOCs and augmentation of myogenic tone were reversed by TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries. Together, our study reveals a novel mechanistic link between the miR-210-TET2-mtROS pathway and inhibition of STOCs and provides new insights into the understanding of uterine vascular maladaptation in pregnancy complications associated with gestational hypoxia. KEY POINTS: Gestational hypoxia downregulates TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. TET2 is a downstream target of microRNA-210 (miR-210) and miR-210 mediates hypoxia-induced TET2 downregulation. Knockdown of TET2 in uterine arteries recapitulates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 and impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) . Overexpression of TET2 negates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 on increasing mtROS. TET2 knockdown reiterates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 and suppresses spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and elevates myogenic tone, and these effects are blocked by MitoQ. Knockdown of TET2 reverses the miR-210-LNA-induced reversal of the effects of hypoxia on STOCs and myogenic tone in uterine arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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21
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Lu Z, Liu R, Wang Y, Jiao M, Li Z, Wang Z, Huang C, Shi G, Ke A, Wang L, Fu Y, Xia J, Wen H, Zhou J, Wang X, Ye D, Fan J, Chu Y, Cai J. Ten-eleven translocation-2 inactivation restrains IL-10-producing regulatory B cells to enable antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023; 77:745-759. [PMID: 35243663 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (IL-10 + B cells), a dominant regulatory B cell (Breg) subset, foster tumor progression. However, the mechanisms underlying their generation in HCC are poorly understood. Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2), a predominant epigenetic regulatory enzyme in B cells, regulates gene expression by catalyzing demethylation of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5hmC). In this study, we investigated the role of TET2 in IL-10 + B cell generation in HCC and its prospects for clinical application. APPROACH AND RESULTS TET2 activation in B cells triggered by oxidative stress from the HCC microenvironment promoted IL-10 expression, whereas adoptive transfer of Tet2 -deficient B cells suppressed HCC progression. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for TET2 to hydroxylate Il10 . In addition, high levels of IL-10, TET2, and 5hmc in B cells indicate poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Moreover, we determined TET2 activity using 5hmc in B cells to evaluate the efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. Notably, TET2 inhibition in B cells facilitates antitumor immunity to improve anti-PD-1 therapy for HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings propose a TET2-dependent epigenetic intervention targeting IL-10 + B cell generation during HCC progression and identify the inhibition of TET2 activity as a promising combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Mengxia Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Zhongchen Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Guoming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Aiwu Ke
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Dan Ye
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics , International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation , Liver Cancer Institute , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education) , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
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22
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Lucia U, Deisboeck TS, Ponzetto A, Grisolia G. A Thermodynamic Approach to the Metaboloepigenetics of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043337. [PMID: 36834748 PMCID: PMC9960652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a novel thermodynamic approach to the epigenomics of cancer metabolism. Here, any change in a cancer cell's membrane electric potential is completely irreversible, and as such, cells must consume metabolites to reverse the potential whenever required to maintain cell activity, a process driven by ion fluxes. Moreover, the link between cell proliferation and the membrane's electric potential is for the first time analytically proven using a thermodynamic approach, highlighting how its control is related to inflow and outflow of ions; consequently, a close interaction between environment and cell activity emerges. Lastly, we illustrate the concept by evaluating the Fe2+-flux in the presence of carcinogenesis-promoting mutations of the TET1/2/3 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Dipartimento Energia “Galileo Ferraris”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (U.L.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-011-090-4558 (U.L.)
| | - Thomas S. Deisboeck
- Department of Radiology, Harvard-MIT Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Dipartimento Energia “Galileo Ferraris”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (U.L.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-011-090-4558 (U.L.)
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23
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Fu MP, Merrill SM, Sharma M, Gibson WT, Turvey SE, Kobor MS. Rare diseases of epigenetic origin: Challenges and opportunities. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113086. [PMID: 36814905 PMCID: PMC9939656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases (RDs), more than 80% of which have a genetic origin, collectively affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Progress in next-generation sequencing technology has both greatly accelerated the pace of discovery of novel RDs and provided more accurate means for their diagnosis. RDs that are driven by altered epigenetic regulation with an underlying genetic basis are referred to as rare diseases of epigenetic origin (RDEOs). These diseases pose unique challenges in research, as they often show complex genetic and clinical heterogeneity arising from unknown gene-disease mechanisms. Furthermore, multiple other factors, including cell type and developmental time point, can confound attempts to deconvolute the pathophysiology of these disorders. These challenges are further exacerbated by factors that contribute to epigenetic variability and the difficulty of collecting sufficient participant numbers in human studies. However, new molecular and bioinformatics techniques will provide insight into how these disorders manifest over time. This review highlights recent studies addressing these challenges with innovative solutions. Further research will elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying unique RDEOs and facilitate the discovery of treatments and diagnostic biomarkers for screening, thereby improving health trajectories and clinical outcomes of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P. Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Merrill
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William T. Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Michael S. Kobor,
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24
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Premnath N, Chung SS, Weinberg OK, Ikpefan R, Pandey M, Kaur G, Geethakumari PR, Afrough A, Awan FT, Anderson LD, Vusirikala M, Collins RH, Chen W, Agathocleous M, Madanat YF. Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with Vitamin C deficiency in myeloid malignancies; real world data from a prospective cohort. Leuk Res 2023; 125:107001. [PMID: 36566538 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential vitamin that acts as a co-factor for many enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation in humans. Low vitamin C levels in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) promote self-renewal and vitamin C supplementation retards leukaemogenesis in vitamin C-deficient mouse models. Studies on vitamin C levels in patients with myeloid malignancies are limited. We thus conducted a retrospective analysis on a prospective cohort of patients with myeloid malignancies on whom plasma vitamin C levels were measured serially at diagnosis and during treatment. Baseline characteristics including hematological indices, cytogenetics, and molecular mutations are described in this cohort. Among 64 patients included in our study, 11 patients (17%) had low vitamin C levels. We noted a younger age at diagnosis for patients with myeloid malignancies who had low plasma vitamin C levels. Patients with low plasma vitamin C levels were more likely to have acute myeloid leukemia compared to other myeloid malignancies. Low vitamin C levels were associated with ASXL1 mutations. Our study calls for further multi-institutional studies to understand the relevance of low plasma vitamin C level in myeloid neoplasms, the role of vitamin C deficiency in leukemogenesis, and the potential benefit of vitamin C supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Premnath
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Stephen S Chung
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ruth Ikpefan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mohak Pandey
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gurbakhash Kaur
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Aimaz Afrough
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Farrukh T Awan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Larry D Anderson
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Madhuri Vusirikala
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Robert H Collins
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michalis Agathocleous
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yazan F Madanat
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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25
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Subclinical Vitamin C Plasma Levels Associated with Increased Risk of CAD Diagnosis via Inflammation: Results from the NHANES 2003-2006 Surveys. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030584. [PMID: 36771290 PMCID: PMC9921505 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C remains an important, yet frequently unassessed, component of a healthy immune system though it may prove useful in alleviating the chronic inflammatory processes underlying chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent research identified a sizeable proportion of the United States population with insufficient vitamin C plasma levels and significant associations to both acute and chronic inflammation. This cross-sectional study used the 2003-2006 NHANES surveys data to extrapolate associations between plasma vitamin C levels (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, inadequate, adequate, and saturating) and CAD through inflammation (C-reactive protein and red cell distribution width). Increased reports of CAD diagnosis were identified in participants with vitamin C deficiency (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.49-3.58) and inadequate plasma levels (OR: 1.39, CI: 1.03-1.87). No significant correlation was identified between any other plasma vitamin C quintiles and CAD. When inflammation was controlled, previous associations in the deficient level of plasma vitamin C were no longer significant in association with CAD and participants with inadequate plasma vitamin C showed a reduced association to CAD diagnoses (OR: 0.33, CI: 0.13-0.86). Most chronic inflammation and vitamin C plasma statuses do not demonstrate specific signs or symptoms until the deficient level of vitamin C and/or disease. Thus, increased surveillance of both, and healthy nutritional habits remain crucial modifiable risk factors for disease prevention.
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26
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Rodrigo S, Senasinghe K, Quazi S. Molecular and therapeutic effect of CRISPR in treating cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:81. [PMID: 36650384 PMCID: PMC9845174 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the common causes of mortality around the globe due to mutations in the genome which allows rapid growth of cells uncontrollably without repairing DNA errors. Cancers could arise due alterations in DNA repair mechanisms (errors in mismatch repair genes), activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Each cancer type is different and each individual has a unique genetic change which leads them to cancer. Studying genetic and epigenetic alterations in the genome leads to understanding the underlying features. CAR T therapy over other immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies has been widely used to treat cancer in recent days and gene editing has now become one of the promising treatments for many genetic diseases. This tool allows scientists to change the genome by adding, removing or altering genetic material of an organism. Due to advance in genetics and novel molecular techniques such as CRISPR, TALEN these genes can be edited in such a way that their original function could be replaced which in turn improved the treatment possibilities and can be used against malignancies and even cure cancer in future along with CAR T cell therapy due to the specific recognition and attacking of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawani Rodrigo
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kaveesha Senasinghe
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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27
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Targeting Epigenetic Mechanisms: A Boon for Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010169. [PMID: 36672677 PMCID: PMC9855697 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as a promising approach against cancer. In the last decade, various immunological mechanisms have been targeted to induce an increase in the immune response against cancer cells. However, despite promising results, many patients show partial response, resistance, or serious toxicities. A promising way to overcome this is the use of immunotherapeutic approaches, in combination with other potential therapeutic approaches. Aberrant epigenetic modifications play an important role in carcinogenesis and its progression, as well as in the functioning of immune cells. Thus, therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant epigenetic mechanisms and the immune response might provide an effective antitumor effect. Further, the recent development of potent epigenetic drugs and immunomodulators gives hope to this combinatorial approach. In this review, we summarize the synergy mechanism between epigenetic therapies and immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer, and discuss recent advancements in the translation of this approach.
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28
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López-Nevado M, Ortiz-Martín J, Serrano C, Pérez-Saez MA, López-Lorenzo JL, Gil-Etayo FJ, Rodríguez-Frías E, Cabrera-Marante O, Morales-Pérez P, Rodríguez-Pinilla MS, Manso R, Salgado-Sánchez RN, Cerdá-Montagud A, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Gómez-Rodríguez MJ, Paz-Artal E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Arranz-Sáez R, Allende LM. Novel Germline TET2 Mutations in Two Unrelated Patients with Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome-Like Phenotype and Hematologic Malignancy. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:165-180. [PMID: 36066697 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 gene (TET2) have been associated to hematologic malignancies. More recently, biallelic, and monoallelic germline mutations conferring susceptibility to lymphoid and myeloid cancer have been described. We report two unrelated autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-like patients who presented with T-cell lymphoma associated with novel germline biallelic or monoallelic mutations in the TET2 gene. Both patients presented a history of chronic lymphoproliferation with lymphadenopathies and splenomegaly, cytopenias, and immune dysregulation. We identified the first compound heterozygous patient for TET2 mutations (P1) and the first ALPS-like patient with a monoallelic TET2 mutation (P2). P1 had the most severe form of autosomal recessive disease due to TET2 loss of function resulting in absent TET2 expression and profound increase in DNA methylation. Additionally, the immunophenotype showed some alterations in innate and adaptive immune system as inverted myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells ratio, elevated terminally differentiated effector memory CD8 + T-cells re-expressing CD45RA, regulatory T-cells, and Th2 circulating follicular T-cells. Double-negative T-cells, vitamin B12, and IL-10 were elevated according to the ALPS-like suspicion. Interestingly, the healthy P1's brother carried a TET2 mutation and presented some markers of immune dysregulation. P2 showed elevated vitamin B12, hypergammaglobulinemia, and decreased HDL levels. Therefore, novel molecular defects in TET2 confirm and expand both clinical and immunological phenotype, contributing to a better knowledge of the bridge between cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Nevado
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina Serrano
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pérez-Saez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L López-Lorenzo
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Gil-Etayo
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgar Rodríguez-Frías
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabrera-Marante
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Morales-Pérez
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Manso
- Pathology Department, Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cerdá-Montagud
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Quesada-Espinosa
- Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- UDisGen (Unidad de Dismorfología Y Genética), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Gómez-Rodríguez
- Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- UDisGen (Unidad de Dismorfología Y Genética), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, University Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reyes Arranz-Sáez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Allende
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Characterization of global research hotspots and trends on ten-eleven translocation 2: visualization and bibliometric analysis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8504-8522. [PMID: 36628244 PMCID: PMC9827328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) is member of the methylcytosine dioxygenase family and plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes; however, no bibliometric analysis has been performed to methodically evaluate the scientific research on TET2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a visual and scientometric analysis of TET2 research and to explore its current landscape, future direction, and research frontiers. METHODS Publications related to TET2 research were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from 2009 to 2021. Excel, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were utilized to perform the bibliometric visualization analysis. RESULTS A total of 2384 articles were retrieved. The number of publications on TET2 has been steadily increasing from 2009 to 2021. The USA is the top contributor to the topic, with the largest number of publications. Harvard University and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale were the leading institutions, while Levine RL of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center is the most prolific and influential author. In TET2-related publications, the high-frequency keywords were: "tet2", "DNA methylation", "5-hrdroxymethylcytosine", "5-methylcytosine", "mutations", and "acute myeloid-leukemia". Based on keyword bursts, the emerging TET2 research hotspots include "inflammation", "gene expression", "landscape", and "clonal hematopoiesis". CONCLUSION Research on TET2 is constantly growing and evolving during the last decade. Here, we provide an objective and comprehensive analysis of the global status, research hotspots, and potential trends in the field of TET2 research by using a bibliometric approach. These results will assist researchers in mastering the knowledge structure and guiding the future research directions of TET2.
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30
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F. V, V. D. P, C. M, M. LI, C. D, G. P, D. C, A. T, M. G, S. DF, M. T, V. V, G. S. Targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer stem cells. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:1011882. [PMID: 39086963 PMCID: PMC11285701 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.1011882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are rarely mutated in several pediatric tumors and some early stage adult cancers. This suggests that an aberrant epigenetic reprogramming may crucially affect the tumorigenesis of these tumors. Compelling evidence support the hypothesis that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell subpopulation within the tumor bulk characterized by self-renewal capacity, metastatic potential and chemo-resistance, may derive from normal stem cells (NSCs) upon an epigenetic deregulation. Thus, a better understanding of the specific epigenetic alterations driving the transformation from NSCs into CSCs may help to identify efficacious treatments to target this aggressive subpopulation. Moreover, deepening the knowledge about these alterations may represent the framework to design novel therapeutic approaches also in the field of regenerative medicine in which bioengineering of NSCs has been evaluated. Here, we provide a broad overview about: 1) the role of aberrant epigenetic modifications contributing to CSC initiation, formation and maintenance, 2) the epigenetic inhibitors in clinical trial able to specifically target the CSC subpopulation, and 3) epigenetic drugs and stem cells used in regenerative medicine for cancer and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verona F.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pantina V. D.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Modica C.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lo Iacono M.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D’Accardo C.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Porcelli G.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cricchio D.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Turdo A.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaggianesi M.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Di Franco S.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Todaro M.
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veschi V.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stassi G.
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Luan M, Zhao M, Wang H, Xu R, Cai J. Role of 5-methylcytosine in determining the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and applicability of precision medicine in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:984033. [PMID: 36186468 PMCID: PMC9523584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.984033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 5-methylcytosine has a profound impact on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of 5-methylcytosine in determining the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and applicability of precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We collected data of seven hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium, GSE14520, GSE6764, GSE9843, GSE63898, GSE76427). An unsupervised clustering method was used to identify novel subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the expression 5-methylcytosine gene signatures. The 5-methylcytosine score was determined using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method based on the differential expression of genes in the identified subtypes. Subsequently, we investigated the association between 5-methylcytosine-based clusters (according to the 5-methylcytosine score) and clinical outcomes, immunophenotypes, classical molecular subtypes, and therapeutic opportunities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we examined the sensitivity of patients with high 5-methylcytosine score to drugs. Results: We identified two hepatocellular carcinoma-specific, 5-methylcytosine-based subtypes (clusters 1 and 2). Cluster 1 exhibited significantly higher 5-methylcytosine scores versus cluster 2. The 5-methylcytosine-based subtypes accurately predicted classical molecular subtypes, immunophenotypes, prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cluster 1 (high 5-methylcytosine score) was characterized by lower anticancer immunity and worse prognosis versus cluster 2 (low 5-methylcytosine score). Moreover, cluster 1 (high 5-methylcytosine score) exhibited low sensitivity to cancer immunotherapy, but high sensitivity to radiotherapy and targeted therapy with lenvatinib. Conclusion: The novel 5-methylcytosine-based subtypes (according to the 5-methylcytosine score) may reflect the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and applicability of precision medicine in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Luan
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongjian Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongjian Xu, ; Jinzhen Cai,
| | - Jinzhen Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Rongjian Xu, ; Jinzhen Cai,
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32
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Stolzenbach V, Woods DC, Tilly JL. Non-neutral clonal selection and its potential role in mammalian germline stem cell dysfunction with advancing age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942652. [PMID: 36081905 PMCID: PMC9445274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of natural selection, or "survival of the fittest", refers to an evolutionary process in nature whereby traits emerge in individuals of a population through random gene alterations that enable those individuals to better adapt to changing environmental conditions. This genetic variance allows certain members of the population to gain an advantage over others in the same population to survive and reproduce in greater numbers under new environmental pressures, with the perpetuation of those advantageous traits in future progeny. Here we present that the behavior of adult stem cells in a tissue over time can, in many respects, be viewed in the same manner as evolution, with each stem cell clone being representative of an individual within a population. As stem cells divide or are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage over the lifespan of the organism, random genetic alterations are introduced into each clone that create variance in the population. These changes may occur in parallel to, or in response to, aging-associated changes in microenvironmental cues perceived by the stem cell population. While many of these alterations will be neutral or silent in terms of affecting cell function, a small fraction of these changes will enable certain clones to respond differently to shifts in microenvironmental conditions that arise with advancing age. In some cases, the same advantageous genetic changes that support survival and expansion of certain clones over others in the population (viz. non-neutral competition) could be detrimental to the downstream function of the differentiated stem cell descendants. In the context of the germline, such a situation would be devastating to successful propagation of the species across generations. However, even within a single generation, the “evolution” of stem cell lineages in the body over time can manifest into aging-related organ dysfunction and failure, as well as lead to chronic inflammation, hyperplasia, and cancer. Increased research efforts to evaluate stem cells within a population as individual entities will improve our understanding of how organisms age and how certain diseases develop, which in turn may open new opportunities for clinical detection and management of diverse pathologies.
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Prieto‐Vila M, Usuba W, Yoshioka Y, Takeshita F, Yoshiike M, Sasaki H, Yamamoto Y, Kikuchi E, Ochiya T. High-grade bladder cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles containing miRNA-146a-5p and promotes angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e47. [PMID: 38939052 PMCID: PMC11080795 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Recurrence is one of the major issues in bladder cancer (BCa). Novel technologies, such as the detection of microRNAs carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) in urine, have been proposed as biomarkers for detecting recurrence in BCa. Although the usefulness of microRNAs in body fluids from cancer patients has been reported, it is also known that they play essential roles in cancer progression. We previously proposed miR-146a-5p as a prognostic marker in BCa, since its urinary expression was associated with grade and tumour depth. However, the specific mechanisms of miR-146a-5p remain unclear. Here, we show the proangiogenic effects of miR-146a-5p secreted by high-grade BCa cells. The urinary miR-146a-5p level was higher in patients with high-grade BCa than in those with low-grade BCa. Similarly, tumours generated by miR-146a-overexpressing BCa cells in mice grew rapidly with high levels of angiogenesis. BCa-derived EV treatment promoted the proliferation of endothelial cells via the inhibition of the demethylase TET2 and the subsequent increase in its downstream target c-Myc. These findings demonstrate that secreted miR-146a-5p contributes to cancer progression by promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, miRNAs in EVs may become not only a diagnostic tool but also a target molecule for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prieto‐Vila
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Wataru Usuba
- Department of UrologySt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiJapan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Division of Fundamental Innovated OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstitutesTokyoJapan
| | - Miki Yoshiike
- Department of UrologySt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiJapan
| | - Hideo Sasaki
- Department of UrologySt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiJapan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of UrologySt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiJapan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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Baessler A, Novis CL, Shen Z, Perovanovic J, Wadsworth M, Thiede KA, Sircy LM, Harrison-Chau M, Nguyen NX, Varley KE, Tantin D, Hale JS. Tet2 coordinates with Foxo1 and Runx1 to balance T follicular helper cell and T helper 1 cell differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4982. [PMID: 35704571 PMCID: PMC9200277 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In response to various types of infection, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into diverse helper T cell subsets; however, the epigenetic programs that regulate differentiation in response to viral infection remain poorly understood. Demethylation of CpG dinucleotides by Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases is a key component of epigenetic programing that promotes specific gene expression, cellular differentiation, and function. We report that following viral infection, Tet2-deficient CD4+ T cells preferentially differentiate into highly functional germinal center T follicular helper (TFH) cells that provide enhanced help for B cells. Using genome-wide DNA methylation and transcription factor binding analyses, we find that Tet2 coordinates with multiple transcription factors, including Foxo1 and Runx1, to mediate the demethylation and expression of target genes, including genes encoding repressors of TFH differentiation. Our findings establish Tet2 as an important regulator of TFH cell differentiation and reveal pathways that could be targeted to enhance immune responses against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baessler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Camille L. Novis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zuolian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jelena Perovanovic
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mark Wadsworth
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kendall A. Thiede
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Linda M. Sircy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Malia Harrison-Chau
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nguyen X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katherine E. Varley
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J. Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Chakraborty R, Ostriker AC, Xie Y, Dave JM, Gamez-Mendez A, Chatterjee P, Abu Y, Valentine J, Lezon-Geyda K, Greif DM, Schulz VP, Gallagher PG, Sessa WC, Hwa J, Martin KA. Histone Acetyltransferases p300 and CBP Coordinate Distinct Chromatin Remodeling Programs in Vascular Smooth Muscle Plasticity. Circulation 2022; 145:1720-1737. [PMID: 35502657 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching contributes to cardiovascular diseases. Epigenetic regulation is emerging as a key regulatory mechanism, with the methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 acting as a master regulator of smooth muscle cell phenotype. The histone acetyl-transferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) are highly homologous and often considered to be interchangeable, and their roles in smooth muscle cell phenotypic regulation are not known. METHODS We assessed the roles of p300 and CBP in human VSMC with knockdown, in inducible smooth muscle-specific knockout mice (inducible knockout [iKO]; p300iKO or CBPiKO), and in samples of human intimal hyperplasia. RESULTS P300, CBP, and histone acetylation were differently regulated in VSMCs undergoing phenotypic switching and in vessel remodeling after vascular injury. Medial p300 expression and activity were repressed by injury, but CBP and histone acetylation were induced in neointima. Knockdown experiments revealed opposing effects of p300 and CBP in the VSMC phenotype: p300 promoted contractile protein expression and inhibited migration, but CBP inhibited contractile genes and enhanced migration. p300iKO mice exhibited severe intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury compared with controls, whereas CBPiKO mice were entirely protected. In normal aorta, p300iKO reduced, but CBPiKO enhanced, contractile protein expression and contractility compared with controls. Mechanistically, we found that these histone acetyl-transferases oppositely regulate histone acetylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, and PolII (RNA polymerase II) binding to promoters of differentiation-specific contractile genes. Our data indicate that p300 and TET2 function together, because p300 was required for TET2-dependent hydroxymethylation of contractile promoters, and TET2 was required for p300-dependent acetylation of these loci. TET2 coimmunoprecipitated with p300, and this interaction was enhanced by rapamycin but repressed by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) treatment, with p300 promoting TET2 protein stability. CBP did not associate with TET2, but instead facilitated recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDAC2, HDAC5) to contractile protein promoters. Furthermore, CBP inhibited TET2 mRNA levels. Immunostaining of cardiac allograft vasculopathy samples revealed that p300 expression is repressed but CBP is induced in human intimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals that p300 and CBP serve nonredundant and opposing functions in VSMC phenotypic switching and coordinately regulate chromatin modifications through distinct functional interactions with TET2 or HDACs. Targeting specific histone acetyl-transferases may hold therapeutic promise for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yi Xie
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jui M Dave
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Genetics (J.M.D., D.M.G., P.G.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ana Gamez-Mendez
- Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yaw Abu
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jake Valentine
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kimberly Lezon-Geyda
- Pediatrics (K.L.-G., V.P.S., P.G.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Genetics (J.M.D., D.M.G., P.G.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Vincent P Schulz
- Pediatrics (K.L.-G., V.P.S., P.G.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Patrick G Gallagher
- Genetics (J.M.D., D.M.G., P.G.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pediatrics (K.L.-G., V.P.S., P.G.G.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William C Sessa
- Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John Hwa
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., J.M.D., P.C., Y.A., J.V., D.M.G., J.H., K.A.M), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Pharmacology (R.C., A.C.O., Y.X., A.G.-M., P.C., Y.A., J.V., W.C.S., K.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Antoszewski M, Fournier N, Ruiz Buendía GA, Lourenco J, Liu Y, Sugrue T, Dubey C, Nkosi M, Pritchard CE, Huijbers IJ, Segat GC, Alonso-Moreno S, Serracanta E, Belver L, Ferrando AA, Ciriello G, Weng AP, Koch U, Radtke F. Tcf1 is essential for initiation of oncogenic Notch1-driven chromatin topology in T-ALL. Blood 2022; 139:2483-2498. [PMID: 35020836 PMCID: PMC9710489 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a well-established lineage specifier for T cells and among the most frequently mutated genes throughout all subclasses of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). How oncogenic NOTCH1 signaling launches a leukemia-prone chromatin landscape during T-ALL initiation is unknown. Here we demonstrate an essential role for the high-mobility-group transcription factor Tcf1 in orchestrating chromatin accessibility and topology, allowing aberrant Notch1 signaling to convey its oncogenic function. Although essential, Tcf1 is not sufficient to initiate leukemia. The formation of a leukemia-prone epigenetic landscape at the distal Notch1-regulated Myc enhancer, which is fundamental to this disease, is Tcf1-dependent and occurs within the earliest progenitor stage even before cells adopt a T lymphocyte or leukemic fate. Moreover, we discovered a unique evolutionarily conserved Tcf1-regulated enhancer element in the distal Myc-enhancer, which is important for the transition of preleukemic cells to full-blown disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Antoszewski
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo A. Ruiz Buendía
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Lourenco
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tara Sugrue
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Botnar Research Centre for Child Health, University of Basel & ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Dubey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- INSELSPITAL, Universitätsspital Bern, Universitätsklinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Forschungsabteilung Thoraxchirurgie, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Nkosi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colin E.J. Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer & Aging (MCCA)/Transgenic Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J. Huijbers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer & Aging (MCCA)/Transgenic Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Laura Belver
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology-Immuno Procure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo A. Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew P. Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Gerecke C, Egea Rodrigues C, Homann T, Kleuser B. The Role of Ten-Eleven Translocation Proteins in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861351. [PMID: 35386689 PMCID: PMC8977485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation proteins (TET1-3) are dioxygenases that oxidize 5-methyldeoxycytosine, thus taking part in passive and active demethylation. TETs have shown to be involved in immune cell development, affecting from self-renewal of stem cells and lineage commitment to terminal differentiation. In fact, dysfunction of TET proteins have been vastly associated with both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence suggesting that TETs regulate immune cell function during innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby modulating inflammation. In this work, we pursue to review the current and recent evidence on the mechanistic aspects by which TETs regulate immune cell maturation and function. We will also discuss the complex interplay of TET expression and activity by several factors to modulate a multitude of inflammatory processes. Thus, modulating TET enzymes could be a novel pharmacological approach to target inflammation-related diseases and myeloid and lymphoid leukemias, when their activity is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerecke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Caue Egea Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Homann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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38
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Hatakeyama K, Hieda M, Semba Y, Moriyama S, Wang Y, Maeda T, Kato K, Miyamoto T, Akashi K, Kikushige Y. TET2 Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated With Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients With Lymphoma. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 4:141-143. [PMID: 35492814 PMCID: PMC9040099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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39
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Wan F, Chen F, Fan Y, Chen D. Clinical Significance of TET2 in Female Cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:790605. [PMID: 35223782 PMCID: PMC8874273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.790605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Female cancers refer to malignant tumors of the female reproductive system and breasts, which severely affect the physical and mental health of women. Although emerging experiment-based studies have indicated a potential correlation between ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET2) and female cancers, no comprehensive studies have been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the clinical value and underlying oncogenic functions of TET2 in female cancers, such as breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV), uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), based on the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression of TET2 was decreased in most female cancers, and its high expression was distinctly associated with the favorable prognosis of most female cancers. Furthermore, CD8+ T-cell infiltration was not correlated with TET2 in OV, UCEC, and UCS, whereas tumor-associated fibroblast infiltration was significantly correlated with TET2 in BRCA, CESC, and OV. TET2 was co-expressed with the immune checkpoint molecules ADORA2A, CD160, CD200, CD200R1, CD44, CD80, NRP1 TNFSF4, and TNFSF15 in most female cancers. Enrichment analysis revealed that some signaling pathways involving TET2 and related genes were related to tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the results of cancer immune infiltration analysis in BRCA tissues. Therefore, this study provides evidence for the oncogenic functions and clinical value of TET2 in female cancers.
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40
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Liu X, Sato N, Shimosato Y, Wang TW, Denda T, Chang YH, Yabushita T, Fujino T, Asada S, Tanaka Y, Fukuyama T, Enomoto Y, Ota Y, Sakamoto T, Kitamura T, Goyama S. CHIP-associated mutant ASXL1 in blood cells promotes solid tumor progression. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1182-1194. [PMID: 35133065 PMCID: PMC8990791 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age‐associated phenomenon characterized by clonal expansion of blood cells harboring somatic mutations in hematopoietic genes, including DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. Clinical evidence suggests that CHIP is highly prevalent and associated with poor prognosis in solid‐tumor patients. However, whether blood cells with CHIP mutations play a causal role in promoting the development of solid tumors remained unclear. Using conditional knock‐in mice that express CHIP‐associated mutant Asxl1 (Asxl1‐MT), we showed that expression of Asxl1‐MT in T cells, but not in myeloid cells, promoted solid‐tumor progression in syngeneic transplantation models. We also demonstrated that Asxl1‐MT–expressing blood cells accelerated the development of spontaneous mammary tumors induced by MMTV‐PyMT. Intratumor analysis of the mammary tumors revealed the reduced T‐cell infiltration at tumor sites and programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) upregulation in CD8+ T cells in MMTV‐PyMT/Asxl1‐MT mice. In addition, we found that Asxl1‐MT induced T‐cell dysregulation, including aberrant intrathymic T‐cell development, decreased CD4/CD8 ratio, and naïve‐memory imbalance in peripheral T cells. These results indicate that Asxl1‐MT perturbs T‐cell development and function, which contributes to creating a protumor microenvironment for solid tumors. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that ASXL1‐mutated blood cells exacerbate solid‐tumor progression in ASXL1‐CHIP carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naru Sato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimosato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Denda
- Department of Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yabushita
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Enomoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Hu CM, Peng J, Lv L, Wang XH, Huo JR, Liu DL. MiR-196a promotes the proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer via the UHRF2/TET2 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:537-547. [PMID: 34826027 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the functions and molecular mechanism of miR-196a in esophageal cancer (EC). miR-196a as well as UHRF2 and TET2 mRNA and protein levels in EC tissues and cells were detected using quantitative real-time PCR or western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was evaluated via MTT assay. Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration. In addition, the targeted relationship between miR-196a and UHRF2 was assessed through a dual luciferase reporter assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the levels of the cytosine intermediates 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). We found increased miR-196a expression in EC tissues and cells but decreased UHRF2 and TET2 expression. Next, functional experiments showed that knockdown of miR-196a or UHRF2 overexpression suppress EC cell proliferation and migration. miR-196a negatively regulates TET2 expression by directly targeting UHRF2. UHRF2 overexpression decreased 5mC levels but increased 5hmC levels. Furthermore, TET2 downregulation reversed the functions of miR-196a inhibition on EC cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our study suggested that miR-196a was closely related to the progression of EC possibly by regulating the UHRF2/TET2 axis. Thus, miR-196a represents a potential new EC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Mid RenMin Rd., Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Haematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Mid RenMin Rd., Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Mid RenMin Rd., Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Rong Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Mid RenMin Rd., Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Mid RenMin Rd., Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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42
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Li C, Peng C, Jiang Z, Hu H, Lin C, Gao Y, Liu D, Sun B, Wang D. Ginkgo biloba Extract Inhibited Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Stimulating TET2 Expression Through miR-29a in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:169-178. [PMID: 34962153 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has antitumor and antioxidant properties, which play a role in regulating gene and protein expression. The ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins have the ability to regulate epigenetic modifications. However, the abnormal expression of TET2 protein has also been demonstrated in cancer development. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of GBE administration on TET2 expression in human colorectal cancer (CRC). The Cancer Genome Atlas database suggested that the expression of TET2 was lost in CRC. To investigate the expression profiles of TET2, GBE was used to treat CRC cells. The results showed that GBE could increase the expression of TET2 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). In addition, GBE inhibited cell growth and invasion in SW480 cells. Moreover, to confirm whether TET2 expression affected cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, TET2 was knocked down and a TET2-overexpressing vector was constructed in human CRC cells. The results showed that overexpression of TET2 induced cell proliferation and invasion. Bioinformatic analyses showed that TET2 is a target gene of microRNA-29a (miR-29a). Moreover, reduced expression of miR-29a and increased TET2 expression in CRC cells. GBE was also used to treat a tumor model in nude mice. Compared to the control group, tumor growth was inhibited, and there was increased expression of TET2 in the GBE-treatment group in vivo. In conclusion, these results indicated that GBE inhibited cell proliferation and invasion through TET2 protein expression regulated by miR-29a in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshun Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanni Peng
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haobo Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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43
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Niu Y, Chen J, Qiao Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A New Perspective for an Old Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836223. [PMID: 35140725 PMCID: PMC8818998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is frequently accompanied by chronic inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be considered an ecosystem that consists of tumor cells, endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and acellular components such as extracellular matrix. For tumor cells, their survival advantages are dependent on both genetic and epigenetic alterations, while other cells mainly present epigenetic modifications. Macrophages are the most plastic type of immune cells and undergo diverse epigenetic alterations in the TME. Some of these epigenetic modifications mitigate against cancer progression, and others accelerate this process. Due to the complex roles of macrophages in the TME, it is urgent to understand their epigenetic modifications associated with the TME. Here, we mainly summarize recent findings on TME-associated epigenetic alterations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation. At the end of this review, we also discuss the translational potential of these epigenetic modifications for developing novel cancer therapies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
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44
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Ding Y, Yan Y, Dong Y, Xu J, Su W, Shi W, Zou Q, Yang X. NLRP3 promotes immune escape by regulating immune checkpoints: A pan-cancer analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108512. [PMID: 35026655 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 plays a pathogenic role in tumorigenesis by regulating innate and acquired immunity, apoptosis, differentiation, and intestinal microbes in tumors. Our research aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 in pan-cancers based on multi-omics data in the TCGA database. Most types of tumors showed increased expression of NLRP3. Among them, the overexpressed NLRP3 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and ovarian cancer (OV) indicated worse overall survival (OS). Further analysis also confirmed overexpressed NLRP3 in colon cancer (COAD) indicated a high probability of microsatellite instability (MSI) and low tumor mutational burden (TMB), which indicated a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Interestingly, overexpression of NLRP3 was closely related to high infiltration of immune cells (T cells, B cells, etc.) and overexpressed immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, LAG3, etc.). These results demonstrated NLRP3 promoted immune escape in cancers. Finally, we investigated the expression of various immune checkpoints by treating NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 during the co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and LIHC cell line Hep3B. MCC950 significantly repressed the expression of PD-L1 and LAG3, and promoted the apoptosis rate of Hep3B. In conclusion, our research demonstrated the role of NLRP3 in pan-cancer, especially in LIHC. Inhibition of NLRP3 promoted the killing effect of T cells to cancer cells by repressing the expression of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Hangzhou Children's Welfare Institute, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Department of Paediatrics, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Weijun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Qi Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, the First Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo 315010, China.
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45
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Xu L, Zhou Y, Chen L, Bissessur AS, Chen J, Mao M, Ju S, Chen L, Chen C, Li Z, Zhang X, Chen F, Cao F, Wang L, Wang Q. Deoxyribonucleic Acid 5-Hydroxymethylation in Cell-Free Deoxyribonucleic Acid, a Novel Cancer Biomarker in the Era of Precision Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:744990. [PMID: 34957093 PMCID: PMC8703110 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.744990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation has been regarded as a hallmark of cancer. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is recently identified as the ten-eleven translocase (ten-eleven translocase)-mediated oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine, which plays a substantial role in DNA demethylation. Cell-free DNA has been introduced as a promising tool in the liquid biopsy of cancer. There are increasing evidence indicating that 5hmC in cell-free DNA play an active role during carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether 5hmC could surpass classical markers in cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent advances in the clinic and basic research of DNA 5-hydroxymethylation in cancer, especially in cell-free DNA. We further discuss the mechanisms underlying aberrant 5hmC patterns and carcinogenesis. Synergistically, 5-hydroxymethylation may act as a promising biomarker, unleashing great potential in early cancer detection, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao, China
| | - Abdul Saad Bissessur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jida Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Ju
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lini Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqin Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feilin Cao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Role of Myeloid Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2 in Pulmonary and Peritoneal Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Peritonitis Induced by Escherichia coli. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010082. [PMID: 35011643 PMCID: PMC8750455 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2) mediates demethylation of DNA. We here sought to determine the expression and function of Tet2 in macrophages upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and in the host response to LPS induced lung and peritoneal inflammation, and during Escherichia (E.) coli induced peritonitis. LPS induced Tet2 expression in mouse macrophages and human monocytes in vitro, as well as in human alveolar macrophages after bronchial instillation in vivo. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from myeloid Tet2 deficient (Tet2fl/flLysMCre) mice displayed enhanced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 upon stimulation with several Toll-like receptor agonists; similar results were obtained with LPS stimulated alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. Histone deacetylation was involved in the effect of Tet2 on IL-6 production, whilst methylation at the Il6 promoter was not altered by Tet2 deficiency. Tet2fl/flLysMCre mice showed higher IL-6 and TNF levels in bronchoalveolar and peritoneal lavage fluid after intranasal and intraperitoneal LPS administration, respectively, whilst other inflammatory responses were unaltered. E. coli induced stronger production of IL-1β and IL-6 by Tet2 deficient peritoneal macrophages but not in peritoneal lavage fluid of Tet2fl/flLysMCre mice after in vivo intraperitoneal infection. Tet2fl/flLysMCre mice displayed enhanced bacterial growth during E. coli peritonitis, which was associated with a reduced capacity of Tet2fl/flLysMCre peritoneal macrophages to inhibit the growth of E. coli in vitro. Collectively, these data suggest that Tet2 is involved in the regulation of macrophage functions triggered by LPS and during E. coli infection.
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47
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TET3- and OGT-Dependent Expression of Genes Involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413239. [PMID: 34948036 PMCID: PMC8708691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TET3 is a member of the TET (ten-eleven translocation) proteins family that catalyzes the conversion of the 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. TET proteins can also affect chromatin modifications and gene expression independently of their enzymatic activity via interactions with other proteins. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme responsible for modification of proteins via binding of N-acetylglucosamine residues, is one of the proteins whose action may be dependent on TET3. Here, we demonstrated that in endometrial cancer cells both TET3 and OGT affected the expression of genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), i.e., FOXC1, TWIST1, and ZEB1. OGT overexpression was caused by an increase in TWIST1 and ZEB1 levels in HEC-1A and Ishikawa cells, which was associated with increased O-GlcNAcylation of histone H2B and trimethylation of H3K4. The TET3 had the opposite effect on gene expressions and histone modifications. OGT and TET3 differently affected FOXC1 expression and the migratory potential of HEC-1A and Ishikawa cells. Analysis of gene expressions in cancer tissue samples from endometrial cancer patients confirmed the association between OGT or TET3 and EMT genes. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the role of the TET3/OGT relationship in the complex mechanism supporting endometrial cancer progression.
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Liu T, Guo L, Liu G, Hu X, Li X, Zhang J, Dai Z, Yu P, Jiang M, Wang J, Zhang J. Molecular Characterization of the Clinical and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Signature of 5-methylcytosine-Related Regulators in non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:779367. [PMID: 34858994 PMCID: PMC8632062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, among which 5-methylcytosine methylation (5mC) is generally associated with tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the potential roles of 5mC regulators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Methods: The 5mC modification patterns of 1,374 lung adenocarcinoma samples were analyzed systematically. The correlation between the 5mC modification and tumor microenvironment cell infiltration was further assessed. The 5mCscore was developed to evaluate tumor mutation burden, immune check-point inhibitor response, and the clinical prognosis of individual tumors. Results: Three 5mC modification patterns were established based on the clinical characteristics of 21 5mC regulators. According to the differential expression of 5mC regulators, three distinct 5mC gene cluster were also identified, which showed distinct TME immune cell infiltration patterns and clinical prognoses. The 5mCscore was constructed to evaluate the tumor mutation burden, immune check-point inhibitor response, and prognosis characteristics. We found that patients with a low 5mCscore had significant immune cell infiltration and increased clinical benefit. Conclusion: This study indicated that the 5mC modification is involved in regulating TME infiltration remodeling. Targeting 5mC modification regulators might be a novel strategy to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Guo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Huizhou City, Huiyang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Nguyen YTM, Fujisawa M, Nguyen TB, Suehara Y, Sakamoto T, Matsuoka R, Abe Y, Fukumoto K, Hattori K, Noguchi M, Matsubara D, Chiba S, Sakata-Yanagimoto M. Tet2 deficiency in immune cells exacerbates tumor progression by increasing angiogenesis in a lung cancer model. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4931-4943. [PMID: 34657351 PMCID: PMC8645781 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells harboring somatic mutations reportedly infiltrate cancer tissues in patients with solid cancers and accompanying clonal hematopoiesis. Loss‐of‐function TET2 mutations are frequently observed in clonal hematopoiesis in solid cancers. Here, using a mouse lung cancer model, we evaluated the activity of Tet2‐deficient immune cells in tumor tissues. Myeloid‐specific Tet2 deficiency enhanced tumor growth in mice relative to that seen in controls. Single‐cell sequencing analysis of immune cells infiltrating tumors showed relatively high expression of S100a8/S100a9 in Tet2‐deficient myeloid subclusters. In turn, treatment with S100a8/S100a9 promoted Vegfa production by cancer cells, leading to a marked increase in the tumor vasculature in Tet2‐deficient mice relative to controls. Finally, treatment of Tet2‐deficient mice with an antibody against Emmprin, a known S100a8/S100a9 receptor, suppressed tumor growth. These data suggest that immune cells derived from TET2‐mutated clonal hematopoiesis exacerbate lung cancer progression by promoting tumor angiogenesis and may provide a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer patients with TET2‐mutated clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T M Nguyen
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujisawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tran B Nguyen
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suehara
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Abe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kota Fukumoto
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hattori
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
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Lee P, Yim R, Yung Y, Chu HT, Yip PK, Gill H. Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10232. [PMID: 34638574 PMCID: PMC8508686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous, clonal hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations contribute to leukemic transformation. The hypomethylating agents (HMAs), azacitidine and decitabine are the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS. Although these agents induce responses in up to 40-60% of patients, primary or secondary drug resistance is relatively common. To improve the treatment outcome, combinational therapies comprising HMA with targeted therapy or immunotherapy are being evaluated and are under continuous development. This review provides a comprehensive update of the molecular pathogenesis and immune-dysregulations involved in MDS, mechanisms of resistance to HMA, and strategies to overcome HMA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Harinder Gill
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.)
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