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Liu K, Zhou Y, Song X, Zeng J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Xu J, Li W, Gong Z, Wang M, Liu B, Xiao N, Liu K. Baicalin attenuates neuronal damage associated with SDH activation and PDK2-PDH axis dysfunction in early reperfusion. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155570. [PMID: 38579645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy deficiency and oxidative stress are interconnected during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and serve as potential targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke. Baicalin is a neuroprotective antioxidant, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully revealed. PURPOSE This study explored whether and how baicalin rescued neurons against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) attack by focusing on the regulation of neuronal pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2)-pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) axis implicated with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-mediated oxidative stress. STUDY DESIGN The effect of the tested drug was explored in vitro and in vivo with the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R), respectively. METHODS Neuronal damage was evaluated according to cell viability, infarct area, and Nissl staining. Protein levels were measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Gene expression was investigated by RT-qPCR. Mitochondrial status was also estimated by fluorescence probe labeling. RESULTS SDH activation-induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) changed the protein expression of Lon protease 1 (LonP1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1ɑ (HIF-1ɑ) in the early stage of I/R, leading to an upregulation of PDK2 and a decrease in PDH activity in neurons and cerebral cortices. Treatment with baicalin prevented these alterations and ameliorated neuronal ATP production and survival. CONCLUSION Baicalin improves the function of the neuronal PDK2-PDH axis via suppression of SDH-mediated oxidative stress, revealing a new signaling pathway as a promising target under I/R conditions and the potential role of baicalin in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xianrui Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jiahan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhuqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zixuan Gong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Na Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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3
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Yamano K, Kinefuchi H, Kojima W. Mitochondrial quality control via organelle and protein degradation. J Biochem 2024; 175:487-494. [PMID: 38102729 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential eukaryotic organelles that produce ATP as well as synthesize various macromolecules. They also participate in signalling pathways such as the innate immune response and apoptosis. These diverse functions are performed by >1,000 different mitochondrial proteins. Although mitochondria are continuously exposed to potentially damaging conditions such as reactive oxygen species, proteases/peptidases localized in different mitochondrial subcompartments, termed mitoproteases, maintain mitochondrial quality and integrity. In addition to processing incoming precursors and degrading damaged proteins, mitoproteases also regulate metabolic reactions, mitochondrial protein half-lives and gene transcription. Impaired mitoprotease function is associated with various pathologies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial quality control regulated by autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasomes and mitoproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamano
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kinefuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Waka Kojima
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that play a central role in a wide range of life-sustaining tasks in eukaryotic cells, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium storage and coenzyme generation pathways such as iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. The wide range of mitochondrial functions is carried out by a diverse array of proteins comprising approximately 1500 proteins or polypeptides. Degradation of these proteins is mainly performed by four AAA+ proteases localized in mitochondria. These AAA+ proteases play a quality control role in degrading damaged or misfolded proteins and perform various other functions. This chapter describes previously identified roles for these AAA+ proteases that are localized in the mitochondria of animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Matsushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Huang X, Liu Y, Ling G, Cao X. Mitochondrial Lon protease promotes CD4 + T cell activation by activating the cGAS-STING-TBK1 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110519. [PMID: 37531828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive CD4+ T cells play an essential role. We extracted CD4+ T cells from SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice to elaborate the mechanism of mitochondrial Lon protease in CD4+ T cell activation in SLE. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice, and the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) related to SLE was obtained. It was demonstrated that STING expression was elevated in CD4+ T cells in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice. The downstream genes and pathways of STING were predicted by GO and KEGG approaches. The data indicated that STING regulated IFN signaling to promote CD4+ T cell activation in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice. Next, the interaction of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IFN-I was verified by Co-IP assay. Moreover, the roles of cGAS, STING, and TBK1 in activating CD4+ T cells from SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice were evaluated using gain- or loss-of-function experiments. Mechanistically, cGAS upregulated the IFN-I signaling pathway by directly interacting with STING and TBK1, contributing to CD4+ T cell activation. Besides, cytosolic mtDNA could activate CD4+ T cell activation in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice by upregulating the cGAS-STING-TBK1 axis. The function of mitochondrial Lon protease in oxidative damage and mtDNA release in CD4+ T cells of SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice were explored. Mitochondrial Lon protease enhanced mtDNA release into the cytoplasm under oxidative stress. Collectively, our work indicates that mitochondrial Lon protease enhances CD4+ T cell activation by inducing mtDNA leakage and offers new candidate targets for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guanghui Ling
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
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6
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Sekine Y, Houston R, Eckl EM, Fessler E, Narendra DP, Jae LT, Sekine S. A mitochondrial iron-responsive pathway regulated by DELE1. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2059-2076.e6. [PMID: 37327776 PMCID: PMC10329284 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The heme-regulated kinase HRI is activated under heme/iron deficient conditions; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that iron-deficiency-induced HRI activation requires the mitochondrial protein DELE1. Notably, mitochondrial import of DELE1 and its subsequent protein stability are regulated by iron availability. Under steady-state conditions, DELE1 is degraded by the mitochondrial matrix-resident protease LONP1 soon after mitochondrial import. Upon iron chelation, DELE1 import is arrested, thereby stabilizing DELE1 on the mitochondrial surface to activate the HRI-mediated integrated stress response (ISR). Ablation of this DELE1-HRI-ISR pathway in an erythroid cell model enhances cell death under iron-limited conditions, suggesting a cell-protective role for this pathway in iron-demanding cell lineages. Our findings highlight mitochondrial import regulation of DELE1 as the core component of a previously unrecognized mitochondrial iron responsive pathway that elicits stress signaling following perturbation of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ryan Houston
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Eckl
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Derek P Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shiori Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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7
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Poliacikova G, Barthez M, Rival T, Aouane A, Luis NM, Richard F, Daian F, Brouilly N, Schnorrer F, Maurel-Zaffran C, Graba Y, Saurin AJ. M1BP is an essential transcriptional activator of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3187. [PMID: 37268614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is the predominant energy source for aerobic muscle contraction in adult animals. How the cellular and molecular components that support aerobic muscle physiology are put in place during development through their transcriptional regulation is not well understood. Using the Drosophila flight muscle model, we show that the formation of mitochondria cristae harbouring the respiratory chain is concomitant with a large-scale transcriptional upregulation of genes linked with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during specific stages of flight muscle development. We further demonstrate using high-resolution imaging, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses that Motif-1-binding protein (M1BP) transcriptionally regulates the expression of genes encoding critical components for OXPHOS complex assembly and integrity. In the absence of M1BP function, the quantity of assembled mitochondrial respiratory complexes is reduced and OXPHOS proteins aggregate in the mitochondrial matrix, triggering a strong protein quality control response. This results in isolation of the aggregate from the rest of the matrix by multiple layers of the inner mitochondrial membrane, representing a previously undocumented mitochondrial stress response mechanism. Together, this study provides mechanistic insight into the transcriptional regulation of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development and identifies M1BP as a critical player in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poliacikova
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marine Barthez
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Aïcha Aouane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Richard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Corinne Maurel-Zaffran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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8
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Johns A, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Thorwald MA, Vilchez D. A tale of two pathways: Regulation of proteostasis by UPR mt and MDPs. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102673. [PMID: 36621224 PMCID: PMC9845188 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fitness is critical to organismal health and its impairment is associated with aging and age-related diseases. As such, numerous quality control mechanisms exist to preserve mitochondrial stability, including the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRmt). The UPRmt is a conserved mechanism that drives the transcriptional activation of mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, autophagy (mitophagy), and metabolism to promote restoration of mitochondrial function under stress conditions. UPRmt has direct ramifications in aging, and its activation is often ascribed to improve health whereas its dysfunction tends to correlate with disease. This review pairs a description of the most recent findings within the field of UPRmt with a more poorly understood field: mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs). Similar to UPRmt, MDPs are microproteins derived from the mitochondria that can impact organismal health and longevity. We then highlight a tantalizing interconnection between UPRmt and MDPs wherein both mechanisms may be efficiently coordinated to maintain organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Johns
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. https://twitter.com/AngyJohns
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California. 3715 McClintock Ave, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Max A Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California. 3715 McClintock Ave, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Bennett CF, Latorre-Muro P, Puigserver P. Mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:817-835. [PMID: 35804199 PMCID: PMC9926497 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Pareek G. AAA+ proteases: the first line of defense against mitochondrial damage. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14350. [PMID: 36389399 PMCID: PMC9648348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential cellular roles in Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and metabolism, but these vital processes have potentially deadly side effects. The production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the aggregation of misfolded mitochondrial proteins can lead to severe mitochondrial damage and even cell death. The accumulation of mitochondrial damage is strongly implicated in aging and several incurable diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. To oppose this, metazoans utilize a variety of quality control strategies, including the degradation of the damaged mitochondrial proteins by the mitochondrial-resident proteases of the ATPase Associated with the diverse cellular Activities (AAA+) family. This mini-review focuses on the quality control mediated by the mitochondrial-resident proteases of the AAA+ family used to combat the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and on how the failure of this mitochondrial quality control contributes to diseases.
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11
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Fujii M, Setoyama D, Gotoh K, Dozono Y, Yagi M, Ikeda M, Ide T, Uchiumi T, Kang D. TFAM expression in brown adipocytes confers obesity resistance by secreting extracellular vesicles that promote self-activation. iScience 2022; 25:104889. [PMID: 36046191 PMCID: PMC9421388 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of diet-induced obesity has been increasing worldwide and has become a major health concern. Mitochondria are densely distributed in brown adipose tissue and are involved in lipid consumption. Therefore, increasing energy expenditure through the activation of brown adipocytes may be a potential therapy for obesity. Our findings showed that mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) homozygous transgenic (TgTg) mice had highly activated brown adipocytes and increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation, leading to resistance to obesity. Transplantation models of TFAM-expressing brown adipocytes could mimic the phenotype of TFAM TgTg mice, and proving their anti-obesity effect. We found that brown adipocytes secrete exosomes which enable self-activation in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The secretion was enhanced in TFAM TgTg brown adipocytes, resulting in a higher activation. These findings may lead to a promising treatment strategy for obesity through selective stimulation of exosome secretion. Human TFAM overexpression in BAT promotes strong anti-obesity effects Increasing mitochondrial function in hTFAM TgTg mice facilitates EVs secretion Enhanced EV released in TgTg brown adipocytes induce self-differentiation/activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Prefectural Social Insurance Medical Association, Inatsuki Hospital, Kama 820-0207, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yushi Dozono
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikako Yagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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The Role of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2158-2172. [PMID: 35661963 PMCID: PMC9352619 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a well known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Mitochondria are the center of intracellular energy metabolism and the main source of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key factor in diabetes-associated brain alterations contributing to neurodegenerative events. Defective insulin signaling may act in concert with neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers neuronal energy exhaustion and oxidative stress, leading to brain neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. The normality of mitochondrial function is basically maintained by mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. In T2DM, defects in the mitochondrial quality control pathway in the brain have been found to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the association of mitochondrial dysfunction with T2DM and cognitive impairment. We also review the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of cognitive impairment in T2DM.
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Taouktsi E, Kyriakou E, Smyrniotis S, Borbolis F, Bondi L, Avgeris S, Trigazis E, Rigas S, Voutsinas GE, Syntichaki P. Organismal and Cellular Stress Responses upon Disruption of Mitochondrial Lonp1 Protease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081363. [PMID: 35456042 PMCID: PMC9025075 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells engage complex surveillance mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial function and protein homeostasis. LonP1 protease is a key component of mitochondrial quality control and has been implicated in human malignancies and other pathological disorders. Here, we employed two experimental systems, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and human cancer cells, to investigate and compare the effects of LONP-1/LonP1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Deletion of the lonp-1 gene in worms disturbed mitochondrial function, provoked reactive oxygen species accumulation, and impaired normal processes, such as growth, behavior, and lifespan. The viability of lonp-1 mutants was dependent on the activity of the ATFS-1 transcription factor, and loss of LONP-1 evoked retrograde signaling that involved both the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic unfolded protein response (UPRmt and UPRcyt) pathways and ensuing diverse organismal stress responses. Exposure of worms to triterpenoid CDDO-Me, an inhibitor of human LonP1, stimulated only UPRcyt responses. In cancer cells, CDDO-Me induced key components of the integrated stress response (ISR), the UPRmt and UPRcyt pathways, and the redox machinery. However, genetic knockdown of LonP1 revealed a genotype-specific cellular response and induced apoptosis similar to CDDO-Me treatment. Overall, the mitochondrial dysfunction ensued by disruption of LonP1 elicits adaptive cytoprotective mechanisms that can inhibit cancer cell survival but diversely modulate organismal stress response and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Taouktsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Kyriakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Stefanos Smyrniotis
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Fivos Borbolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Labrina Bondi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Socratis Avgeris
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Efstathios Trigazis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Gerassimos E. Voutsinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.E.V.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0650-3579 (G.E.V.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (E.K.); (F.B.); (L.B.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (G.E.V.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0650-3579 (G.E.V.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
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