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Parente IA, Chiara L, Bertoni S. Exploring the potential of human intestinal organoids: Applications, challenges, and future directions. Life Sci 2024; 352:122875. [PMID: 38942359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The complex and dynamic environment of the gastrointestinal tract shapes one of the fastest renewing tissues in the human body, the intestinal epithelium. Considering the lack of human preclinical studies, reliable models that mimic the intestinal environment are increasingly explored. Patient-derived intestinal organoids are powerful tools that recapitulate in vitro many pathophysiological features of the human intestine. In this review, the possible applications of human intestinal organoids in different research fields are highlighted. From physiologically relevant to intestinal disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and toxicology studies, the potential of intestinal organoids will be here presented and discussed. Despite the remarkable opportunities offered, limitations related to ethical concerns, tissue collection, reproducibility, and methodologies may hinder the full exploitation of this cell-based model into high throughput studies and clinical practice. Currently, distinct approaches can be used to overcome the numerous challenges found along the way and to allow the full implementation of this ground-breaking technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Parente
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Linda Chiara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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2
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Tan T, Mouradov D, Gibbs P, Sieber OM. Protocol for generation of and high-throughput drug testing with patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103090. [PMID: 38809757 PMCID: PMC11166870 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) is a promising tool for personalizing cancer treatment. Here, we present a protocol for generation of and high-throughput drug testing with PDTOs. We describe detailed steps for PDTO establishment from colorectal cancer tissues, preparation of PDTOs for high-throughput drug testing, and quantification of drug testing results using image analysis. This protocol provides a standardized workflow for PDTO testing of standard-of-care therapies, along with exploring the activity of new agents, for translational research. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tan et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
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3
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Brugge J, Chang KC, Silvestri F, Olipant M, Martinez-Gakidis MA, Orgill D, Garber J, Dillon D. Breast organoid suspension cultures maintain long-term estrogen receptor expression and responsiveness. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4463390. [PMID: 38947074 PMCID: PMC11213202 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4463390/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Organoid cultures offer a powerful technology to investigate many different aspects of development, physiology, and pathology of diverse tissues. Unlike standard tissue culture of primary breast epithelial cells, breast organoids preserve the epithelial lineages and architecture of the normal tissue. However, existing organoid culture methods are tedious, difficult to scale, and do not robustly retain estrogen receptor (ER) expression and responsiveness in long-term culture. Here, we describe a modified culture method to generate and maintain organoids as suspension cultures in reconstituted basement membrane (™Matrigel). This method improves organoid growth and uniformity compared to the conventional Matrigel dome embedding method, while maintaining the fidelity of the three major epithelial lineages. Using this adopted method, we are able to culture and passage purified hormone sensing (HS) cells that retain ER responsiveness upon estrogen stimulation in long-term culture. This culture system presents a valuable platform to study the events involved in initiation and evolution of ER-positive breast cancer.
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4
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Dmello RS, Palmieri M, Thilakasiri PS, Doughty L, Nero TL, Poh AR, To SQ, Lee EF, Douglas Fairlie W, Mielke L, Parker MW, Poon IKH, Batlle E, Ernst M, Chand AL. Combination of bazedoxifene with chemotherapy and SMAC-mimetics for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:255. [PMID: 38600086 PMCID: PMC11006905 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Excessive STAT3 signalling via gp130, the shared receptor subunit for IL-6 and IL-11, contributes to disease progression and poor survival outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. Here, we provide evidence that bazedoxifene inhibits tumour growth via direct interaction with the gp130 receptor to suppress IL-6 and IL-11-mediated STAT3 signalling. Additionally, bazedoxifene combined with chemotherapy synergistically reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in patient-derived colon cancer organoids. We elucidated that the primary mechanism of anti-tumour activity conferred by bazedoxifene treatment occurs via pro-apoptotic responses in tumour cells. Co-treatment with bazedoxifene and the SMAC-mimetics, LCL161 or Birinapant, that target the IAP family of proteins, demonstrated increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Our findings provide evidence that bazedoxifene treatment could be combined with SMAC-mimetics and chemotherapy to enhance tumour cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer, where gp130 receptor signalling promotes tumour growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhynelle S Dmello
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Pathum S Thilakasiri
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Larissa Doughty
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, and ACRF Facility for Innovative Cancer Drug Discovery, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tracy L Nero
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, and ACRF Facility for Innovative Cancer Drug Discovery, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Sarah Q To
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lisa Mielke
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, and ACRF Facility for Innovative Cancer Drug Discovery, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Ashwini L Chand
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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5
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Zook HN, Quijano JC, Ortiz JA, Donohue C, Lopez K, Li W, Erdem N, Jou K, Crook CJ, Garcia I, Kandeel F, Montero E, Ku HT. Activation of ductal progenitor-like cells from adult human pancreas requires extracellular matrix protein signaling. iScience 2024; 27:109237. [PMID: 38433896 PMCID: PMC10904999 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductal progenitor-like cells are a sub-population of ductal cells in the adult human pancreas that have the potential to contribute to regenerative medicine. However, the microenvironmental cues that regulate their activation are poorly understood. Here, we establish a 3-dimensional suspension culture system containing six defined soluble factors in which primary human ductal progenitor-like and ductal non-progenitor cells survive but do not proliferate. Expansion and polarization occur when suspension cells are provided with a low concentration (5% v/v) of Matrigel, a sarcoma cell product enriched in many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Screening of ECM proteins identified that collagen IV can partially recapitulate the effects of Matrigel. Inhibition of integrin α1β1, a major collagen IV receptor, negates collagen IV- and Matrigel-stimulated effects. These results demonstrate that collagen IV is a key ECM protein that stimulates the expansion and polarization of human ductal progenitor-like and ductal non-progenitor cells via integrin α1β1 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N. Zook
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Janine C. Quijano
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose A. Ortiz
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Cecile Donohue
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Li
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Neslihan Erdem
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin Jou
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Christiana J. Crook
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Isaac Garcia
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Enrique Montero
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Liu W, Wang Q, Bai Y, Xiao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Yang J, Sun H. Potential Application of Intestinal Organoids in Intestinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:124-137. [PMID: 37938407 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
To accurately reveal the scenario and mecahnism of gastrointestinal diseases, the establishment of in vitro models of intestinal diseases and drug screening platforms have become the focus of attention. Over the past few decades, animal models and immortalized cell lines have provided valuable but limited insights into gastrointestinal research. In recent years, the development of intestinal organoid culture system has revolutionized in vitro studies of intestinal diseases. Intestinal organoids are derived from self-renewal and self-organization intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can replicate the genetic characteristics, functions, and structures of the original tissues. Consequently, they provide new stragety for studying various intestinal diseases in vitro. In the review, we will discuss the culture techniques of intestinal organoids and describe the use of intestinal organoids as research tools for intestinal diseases. The role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) played in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the treatment of intestinal epithelial dysfunction will be highlighted. Besides, we review the current knowledge on using intestinal organoids as models to study the pathogenesis of IBD caused by epithelial dysfunction and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we shed light on the current challenges of using intestinal organoids as in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhunduo Li
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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7
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Tan T, Mouradov D, Lee M, Gard G, Hirokawa Y, Li S, Lin C, Li F, Luo H, Wu K, Palmieri M, Leong E, Clarke J, Sakthianandeswaren A, Brasier H, Tie J, Tebbutt NC, Jalali A, Wong R, Burgess AW, Gibbs P, Sieber OM. Unified framework for patient-derived, tumor-organoid-based predictive testing of standard-of-care therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101335. [PMID: 38118423 PMCID: PMC10783557 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Predictive drug testing of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) holds promise for personalizing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but prospective data are limited to chemotherapy regimens with conflicting results. We describe a unified framework for PDTO-based predictive testing across standard-of-care chemotherapy and biologic and targeted therapy options. In an Australian community cohort, PDTO predictions based on treatment-naive patients (n = 56) and response rates from first-line mCRC clinical trials achieve 83% accuracy for forecasting responses in patients receiving palliative treatments (18 patients, 29 treatments). Similar assay accuracy is achieved in a prospective study of third-line or later mCRC treatment, AGITG FORECAST-1 (n = 30 patients). "Resistant" predictions are associated with inferior progression-free survival; misclassification rates are similar by regimen. Liver metastases are the optimal site for sampling, with testing achievable within 7 weeks for 68.8% cases. Our findings indicate that PDTO drug panel testing can provide predictive information for multifarious standard-of-care therapies for mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Margaret Lee
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - Grace Gard
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Yumiko Hirokawa
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cong Lin
- HIM-BGI Omics Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI Research, Hangzhou 310000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- HIM-BGI Omics Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI Research, Hangzhou 310000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- HIM-BGI Omics Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI Research, Hangzhou 310000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kui Wu
- HIM-BGI Omics Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI Research, Hangzhou 310000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Evelyn Leong
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jordan Clarke
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen Brasier
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Niall C Tebbutt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Azim Jalali
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia; Department of Cancer Services, Latrobe Regional Hospital, Traralogon, VIC 3844, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, The Northern Hospital, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia
| | - Rachel Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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8
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Ramsay RG, Whitehall V, Flood MP. Technological advances define shifting pathway signaling from normal to primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Growth Factors 2023; 41:179-191. [PMID: 37351905 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2227274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of organoid/tumoroid propagation of normal and malignant intestinal epithelia has provided unparalleled opportunities to compare cell growth factor and signaling dependencies. These 3D structures recapitulate tumours in terms of gene expression regarding the tumor cells but also allow deeper insights into the contribution of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Elements of the TME can be manipulated or added back in the form of infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes and/or cancer associated fibroblasts. The effectiveness of chemo-, radio- and immunotherapies can be explored within weeks of deriving these patient-derived tumour avatars informing treatment of these exact patients in a timely manner. Entrenched paths to colorectal cancer (CRC) from the earliest steps of conventional adenoma or serrated lesion formation, and the recognition of further sub-categorisations embodied by consensus-molecular-subtypes (CMS), provide genetic maps allowing a molecular form of pathologic taxonomy. Recent advances in organoid propagation and scRNAseq are reshaping our understanding of CMS and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ramsay
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vicki Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P Flood
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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9
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Cheng C, Deneke N, Moon HR, Choi SR, Ospina-Muñoz N, Elzey BD, Davis CS, Chiu GTC, Han B. Inkjet-printed morphogenesis of tumor-stroma interface using bi-cellular bioinks of collagen-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate) mixture. MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2023; 19:100408. [PMID: 37691883 PMCID: PMC10486313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2023.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in biomaterials and 3D printing/culture methods enable various tissue-engineered tumor models. However, it is still challenging to achieve native tumor-like characteristics due to lower cell density than native tissues and prolonged culture duration for maturation. Here, we report a new method to create tumoroids with a mechanically active tumor-stroma interface at extremely high cell density. This method, named "inkjet-printed morphogenesis" (iPM) of the tumor-stroma interface, is based on a hypothesis that cellular contractile force can significantly remodel the cell-laden polymer matrix to form densely-packed tissue-like constructs. Thus, differential cell-derived compaction of tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can be used to build a mechanically active tumor-stroma interface. In this methods, two kinds of bioinks are prepared, in which tumor cells and CAFs are suspended respectively in the mixture of collagen and poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate) solution. These two cellular inks are inkjet-printed in multi-line or multi-layer patterns. As a result of cell-derived compaction, the resulting structure forms tumoroids with mechanically active tumor-stroma interface at extremely high cell density. We further test our working hypothesis that the morphogenesis can be controlled by manipulating the force balance between cellular contractile force and matrix stiffness. Furthermore, this new concept of "morphogenetic printing" is demonstrated to create more complex structures beyond current 3D bioprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cih Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Naomi Deneke
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hye-ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sae Rome Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Bennett D. Elzey
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chelsea S. Davis
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George T.-C Chiu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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10
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Co JY, Klein JA, Kang S, Homan KA. Suspended hydrogel culture as a method to scale up intestinal organoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10412. [PMID: 37369732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary tissue-derived epithelial organoids are a physiologically relevant in vitro intestinal model that have been implemented for both basic research and drug development applications. The existing method of culturing intestinal organoids in surface-attached native extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel domes is not readily amenable to large-scale culture and contributes to culture heterogeneity. We have developed a method of culturing intestinal organoids within suspended basement membrane extract (BME) hydrogels of various geometries, which streamlines the protocol, increases the scalability, enables kinetic sampling, and improves culture uniformity without specialized equipment or additional expertise. We demonstrate the compatibility of this method with multiple culture formats, and provide examples of suspended BME hydrogel organoids in downstream applications: implementation in a medium-throughput drug screen and generation of Transwell monolayers for barrier evaluation. The suspended BME hydrogel culture method will allow intestinal organoids, and potentially other organoid types, to be used more widely and at higher throughputs than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Co
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jessica A Klein
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Serah Kang
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kimberly A Homan
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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11
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Tumor organoid biobank-new platform for medical research. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1819. [PMID: 36725963 PMCID: PMC9892604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are a new type of 3D model for tumor research, which makes up for the shortcomings of cell lines and xenograft models, and promotes the development of personalized precision medicine. Long-term culture, expansion and storage of organoids provide the necessary conditions for the establishment of biobanks. Biobanks standardize the collection and preservation of normal or pathological specimens, as well as related clinical information. The tumor organoid biobank has a good quality control system, which is conducive to the clinical transformation and large-scale application of tumor organoids, such as disease modeling, new drug development and high-throughput drug screening. This article summarized the common tumor types of patient-derived organoid (PDO) biobanks and the necessary information for biobank construction, such as the number of organoids, morphology, success rate of culture and resuscitation, pathological types. In our results, we found that patient-derived tumor organoid (PDTO) biobanks were being established more and more, with the Netherlands, the United States, and China establishing the most. Biobanks of colorectal, pancreas, breast, glioma, and bladder cancers were established more, which reflected the relative maturity of culture techniques for these tumors. In addition, we provided insights on the precautions and future development direction of PDTO biobank building.
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12
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Hossan MS, Lin ES, Riedl E, Stram A, Mehlhaff E, Koeppel L, Warner J, Uko I, Mankowski Gettle L, Lubner S, McGregor SM, Zhang W, Murphy W, Kratz JD. Spatial Alignment of Organoids Tracking Subclonal Chemotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic and Ampullary Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010091. [PMID: 36671664 PMCID: PMC9854538 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic and ampullary cancers remain highly morbid diseases for which accurate clinical predictions are needed for precise therapeutic predictions. Patient-derived cancer organoids have been widely adopted; however, prior work has focused on well-level therapeutic sensitivity. To characterize individual oligoclonal units of therapeutic response, we introduce a low-volume screening assay, including an automated alignment algorithm. The oligoclonal growth response was compared against validated markers of response, including well-level viability and markers of single-cell viability. Line-specific sensitivities were compared with clinical outcomes. Automated alignment algorithms were generated to match organoids across time using coordinates across a single projection of Z-stacked images. After screening for baseline size (50 μm) and circularity (>0.4), the match efficiency was found to be optimized by accepting the diffusion thresholded with the root mean standard deviation of 75 μm. Validated well-level viability showed a limited correlation with the mean organoid size (R = 0.408), and a normalized growth assayed by normalized changes in area (R = 0.474) and area (R = 0.486). Subclonal populations were defined by both residual growth and the failure to induce apoptosis and necrosis. For a culture with clinical resistance to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, while a therapeutic challenge induced a robust effect in inhibiting cell growth (GΔ = 1.53), residual oligoclonal populations were able to limit the effect on the ability to induce apoptosis (GΔ = 0.52) and cell necrosis (GΔ = 1.07). Bioengineered approaches are feasible to capture oligoclonal heterogeneity in organotypic cultures, integrating ongoing efforts for utilizing organoids across cancer types as integral biomarkers and in novel therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossan
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ethan Samuel Lin
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eleanor Riedl
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Austin Stram
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eric Mehlhaff
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Luke Koeppel
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jamie Warner
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Inem Uko
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lori Mankowski Gettle
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sam Lubner
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Health System, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephanie M. McGregor
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Kratz
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Health System, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Takahashi J, Mizutani T, Sugihara HY, Nagata S, Kato S, Hiraguri Y, Takeoka S, Tsuchiya M, Kuno R, Kakinuma S, Watanabe M, Okamoto R. Suspension culture in a rotating bioreactor for efficient generation of human intestinal organoids. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100337. [PMID: 36452871 PMCID: PMC9701612 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for translational medical applications. A common method to obtain HIOs has been to harvest floating hindgut spheroids arising from hPSCs. As this technique is elegant but burdensome due to the complex protocol and line-to-line variability, a more feasible method is desired. Here, we establish a robust differentiation method into suspension-cultured HIOs (s-HIOs) by seeding dissociated cells on a spheroid-forming plate. This protocol realizes the reliable generation of size-controllable spheroids. Under optimized conditions in a rotating bioreactor, the generated spheroids quickly grow and mature into large s-HIOs with supporting mesenchyme. Upon mesenteric transplantation, s-HIOs further mature and develop complex tissue architecture in vivo. This method demonstrates that intestinal tissue can be generated from iPSC-derived HIOs via suspension induction and bioreactor maturation, establishing a reliable culture platform with wide applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hady Yuki Sugihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Hiraguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takeoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mao Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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14
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Flobak Å, Skånland SS, Hovig E, Taskén K, Russnes HG. Functional precision cancer medicine: drug sensitivity screening enabled by cell culture models. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:973-985. [PMID: 36163057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Functional precision medicine is a new, emerging area that can guide cancer treatment by capturing information from direct perturbations of tumor-derived, living cells, such as by drug sensitivity screening. Precision cancer medicine as currently implemented in clinical practice has been driven by genomics, and current molecular tumor boards rely extensively on genomic characterization to advise on therapeutic interventions. However, genomic biomarkers can only guide treatment decisions for a fraction of the patients. In this review we provide an overview of the current state of functional precision medicine, highlight advances for drug-sensitivity screening enabled by cell culture models, and discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) can be coupled to functional precision medicine to guide patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Flobak
- The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hege G Russnes
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) system has allowed chemists, biologists, and clinicians to improve our understanding of cell production and cancer therapy. The discovery of EGF led to the recognition of cell surface receptors capable of controlling the proliferation and survival of cells. The detailed structures of the EGF-like ligand and the responses of their receptors (EGFR-family) has revealed the conformational and aggregation changes whereby ligands activate the intracellular kinase domains. Biophysical analysis has revealed the preformed clustering of different EGFR-family members and the processes which occur on ligand binding. Understanding these receptor activation processes and the consequential cytoplasmic signaling has allowed the development of inhibitors which are revolutionizing cancer therapy. This Review describes the recent progress in our understanding of the activation of the EGFR-family, the effects of signaling from the EGFR-family on cell proliferation, and the targeting of the EGFR-family in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony W Burgess
- Honorary Laboratory Head, Personalized Oncology Division, WEHI, Parkville3050, Australia.,Professor Emeritus, Departments of Medical Biology and Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne3052, Australia.,The Brain Cancer Centre at WEHI, Parkville3052, Australia
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16
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Tan T, Hirokawa Y, Clarke J, Sakthianandeswaren A, Sieber OM. Low-viscosity Matrix Suspension Culture for Human Colorectal Epithelial Organoids and Tumoroids. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4394. [PMID: 35800090 PMCID: PMC9081483 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional culture of human normal colorectal epithelium and cancer tissue as organoids and tumoroids has transformed the study of diseases of the large intestine. A widely used strategy for generating patient-derived colorectal organoids and tumoroids involves embedding cells in domes of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite its success, dome culture is not ideal for scalable expansion, experimentation, and high-throughput screening applications. Our group has developed a protocol for growing patient-derived colorectal organoids and tumoroids in low-viscosity matrix (LVM) suspension culture. Instead of embedding colonic crypts or tumor fragments in solid ECM, these are grown suspended in medium containing only a low percentage of ECM. Compared with dome cultures, LVM suspension culture reduces the labor and cost of establishing and passaging organoids and tumoroids, enables rapid expansion, and is readily adaptable for high-throughput screening. Graphic abstract: Generation of organoids and tumoroids from human large intestine using LVM suspension culture (Created with BioRender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yumiko Hirokawa
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jordan Clarke
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver M. Sieber
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
,
*For correspondence:
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17
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Corona SP, Walker F, Weinstock J, Lessene G, Faux M, Burgess AW. Dual drug targeting to kill colon cancers. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2612-2626. [PMID: 35301819 PMCID: PMC9249985 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is driven by a small set of oncogenic and tumour suppressor mutations. However, different combinations of mutations often lead to poor tumour responses to individual anticancer drugs. We have investigated the antiproliferative and in vitro cytotoxic activity of pair‐wise combinations of inhibitors which target specific signalling pathways in colon cancer cells. Objectives To target specific signaling pathways pairwise with inhibitors in order to kill colon cancer cells. Methods The effects of different concentrations of two inhibitors on the proliferation and viability of colon cancer cell lines were measured using cell titre glow and cytotoxic assays in 2D and 3D cell micro‐cultures. One successful drug combination was used to treat a colon cancer cell line growing as a xenograft in nude mice. Results Colon cancer cells in non‐adherent cultures were killed more effectively by combinations of pyrvinium pamoate (a Wnt pathway inhibitor) and ABT263 (a pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family inhibitor) or Ly29004 (a PI3kinase inhibitor). However, in a mouse xenograft model, the formulation and toxicity of the ABT737/PP combination prevent the use of these drugs for treatment of tumours. Fortunately, oral analogues of PP (pyrvinium phosphate, PPh) and ABT737(ABT263) have equivalent activity and can be used for treatment of mice carrying SW620 colorectal cancer xenografts. The PPh/ABT263 induced SW620 tumour cell apoptosis and reduced the rate of SW620 tumour growth. Conclusion By combining a Wnt signaling inhibitor (pyrvinium phosphate) and a pro‐survival inhibitor (ABT263) colon cancer cells can be killed. Combinations of Wnt signalling inhibitors with an inhibitor of the Bcl pro‐survival protein family should be considered for the treatment of patients with precancerous colon adenomas or advanced colorectal cancers with APC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paola Corona
- Structural Biology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Personalised Oncology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Francesca Walker
- Structural Biology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Janet Weinstock
- Structural Biology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Chemical Biology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maree Faux
- Structural Biology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Personalised Oncology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Structural Biology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Personalised Oncology Division, WEHI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Parkville, Australia
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